Publications

This page lists every scholarly work the Heavy Metal Index has registered with a DOI, plus the mint-eligible ingredient profiles that carry a canonical PDF. Entries are newest first by publication date. Each entry names the title, the author, the date, a DOI link when one has been minted, and a direct link to the PDF. The list is ordinary HTML. It does not require a login, a popup, or JavaScript.

The current list has 147 works: 31 synthesis reports and 116 ingredient profiles. 31 of them already carry a minted DOI.

1. Olive Oil
   Karen Pendergrass. November 11, 2026.
   DOI pending registration · Download PDF
2. Cumin
   Karen Pendergrass. November 7, 2026.
   DOI pending registration · Download PDF
3. Mustard
   Karen Pendergrass. November 7, 2026.
   DOI pending registration · Download PDF
4. White sugar
   Karen Pendergrass. November 6, 2026.
   DOI pending registration · Download PDF
5. Almond
   Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
   DOI pending registration · Download PDF
6. Apple juice
   Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
   DOI pending registration · Download PDF
7. Beer
   Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
   DOI pending registration · Download PDF
8. Black Pepper
   Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
   DOI pending registration · Download PDF
9. Bread
   Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
   DOI pending registration · Download PDF
10. Breastmilk
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
11. Broccoli
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
12. Cabbage
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
13. Camel milk
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
14. Canned mushrooms
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
15. Canned Tuna
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
16. Carrot
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
17. Cauliflower
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
18. Celery
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
19. Chicken
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
20. Cinnamon
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
21. Clementines and tangerines
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
22. Cocoa
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
23. Coconut
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
24. Coffee
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
25. Coriander
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
26. Corn
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
27. Corn flakes cereal
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
28. Cucumber
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
29. Dried Herbs
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
30. Eggplant
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
31. Eggs
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
32. Fish
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
33. Frankfurter
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
34. Fresh Herbs
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
35. Freshwater Fish
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
36. Garlic
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
37. Grape Juice
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
38. Grapefruit
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
39. Grapes
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
40. Green beans
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
41. Ham
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
42. Herbal botanicals
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
43. Honey
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
44. Ice cream
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
45. Iceberg lettuce
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
46. Infant Formula Powder
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
47. Kale
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
48. Ketchup
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
49. Lamb chop
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
50. Leafy greens
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
51. Leeks
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
52. Legumes
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
53. Matcha powder
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
54. Mayonnaise
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
55. Meat and poultry
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
56. Melon
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
57. Milk and Dairy
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
58. Mixed Meals
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
59. Mozzarella
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
60. Mushrooms
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
61. Non Rice Grains
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
62. Noodles
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
63. Oatmeal
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
64. Oilseeds
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
65. Olives
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
66. Orange juice
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
67. Oranges
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
68. Oysters
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
69. Pasta
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
70. Peach
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
71. Peanut butter
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
72. Peanuts
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
73. Pear
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
74. Peppers
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
75. Pineapple
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
76. Pineapple juice
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
77. Plums
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
78. Popcorn
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
79. Pork bacon
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
80. Potato chips
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
81. Potatoes
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
82. Poultry
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
83. Processed American cheese
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
84. Protein powder
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
85. Rapeseed Oil
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
86. Red wine
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
87. Rice noodles
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
88. Salmon
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
89. Semi-skimmed milk
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
90. Sesame seeds
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
91. Shrimp
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
92. Soy
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
93. Soybean Oil
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
94. Spices
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
95. Spinach
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
96. Strawberries
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
97. Sunflower Seeds
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
98. Sweet potato
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
99. Tea
    Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
    DOI pending registration · Download PDF
100. Tomato
     Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
101. Tomato sauce
     Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
102. Turkey
     Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
103. Vegetable juice
     Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
104. Vegetable Oils
     Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
105. Vegetable soup
     Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
106. Walnuts
     Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
107. Watermelon
     Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
108. Wheat
     Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
109. Wheat flour
     Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
110. White bread
     Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
111. Wholemeal bread
     Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
112. Wine
     Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
113. Winter squash
     Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
114. Yogurt
     Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
115. Zucchini
     Karen Pendergrass. October 22, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
116. Rice
     Karen Pendergrass. October 19, 2026.
     DOI pending registration · Download PDF
117. Heavy metals in baby lotions, oils, and powders
     Karen Pendergrass. September 26, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.heavy-metals-in-baby-lotions-oils-and-powders · Download PDF
118. Heavy metals in diaper creams
     Karen Pendergrass. September 26, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.heavy-metals-in-diaper-creams · Download PDF
119. Heavy metals in mineral baby sunscreens
     Karen Pendergrass. September 26, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.heavy-metals-in-mineral-baby-sunscreens · Download PDF
120. Antimony in baby products
     Karen Pendergrass. September 25, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.antimony-in-baby-products · Download PDF
121. Heavy metals in baby wipes
     Karen Pendergrass. September 25, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.heavy-metals-in-baby-wipes · Download PDF
122. Proof Before the Floor: A Proposed Systems Architecture for Dietary Heavy-Metal Exposure Reduction Through Authenticated Evidence, Lot Qualification, and Method-Bound Certification
     Karen Pendergrass. September 13, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.proof-before-the-floor · Download PDF
123. Heavy metal exposure, microbial metal ecology, and disease pathogenesis: a first-principles framework for microbiome medicine
     Karen Pendergrass. September 8, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.metals-microbiome-disease-pathogenesis · Download PDF
124. Cooking vessels are a post-harvest contamination pathway that can add lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, and aluminium to food independent of the raw ingredient's cleanliness
     Karen Pendergrass. July 27, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.cookware-utensil-metal-leaching-pathway · Download PDF
125. Dietary nickel has an irreducible botanical floor in specific plant staples, so a large share of dietary nickel cannot be sourced out of a supply chain, and background diets can reach or exceed nickel tolerable-intake reference points without any pollution source
     Karen Pendergrass. July 27, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.dietary-nickel-plant-staple-accumulation · Download PDF
126. Dietary supplements and traditional herbal preparations are a distinct, under-surveilled heavy-metal exposure pathway whose contamination magnitudes reach thousands of times conventional food limits under materially weaker enforcement
     Karen Pendergrass. July 27, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.supplement-botanical-lead-pathway · Download PDF
127. Human breastmilk is a measurable infant heavy-metal exposure pathway distinct from infant formula, driven by maternal body burden and diet, and it is not captured by food-matrix surveillance
     Karen Pendergrass. July 27, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.breastmilk-heavy-metal-exposure-pathway · Download PDF
128. Inorganic tin in food is a can-format-and-acidity contaminant, not an agricultural or geogenic one, with an acute gastrointestinal effect whose symptomatic threshold sits three to four orders of magnitude above lead and cadmium limits
     Karen Pendergrass. July 27, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.tin-canned-food-acidic-matrix-migration · Download PDF
129. Liver and kidney are physiological cadmium accumulation sinks that carry heavy-metal loads above skeletal muscle, making offal a distinct dietary exposure pathway that muscle-meat surveillance does not represent
     Karen Pendergrass. July 27, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.organ-meat-cadmium-lead-accumulation · Download PDF
130. Manufactured infant formula delivers an aluminium-dominated metal load, many-fold above breastmilk and amplified in soy-based and powdered formats, to the most vulnerable consuming population
     Karen Pendergrass. July 27, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.infant-formula-metal-amplification · Download PDF
131. Wastewater and sewage-effluent irrigation is a single upstream pathway that co-elevates multiple metals in the same crop, concentrating in leafy greens on peri-urban plots across the Global South
     Karen Pendergrass. July 27, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.wastewater-irrigation-multimetal-crop-pathway · Download PDF
132. Tea heavy-metal exposure is governed by the leaf-to-infusion transfer fraction, not the dry-leaf totals that surveillance reports
     Karen Pendergrass. June 4, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.tea-multi-metal-bioaccumulation · Download PDF
133. Aquaculture vs wild-caught contamination differential — why farmed fish carry systematically lower methylmercury (MeHg)
     Karen Pendergrass. May 18, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.aquaculture-vs-wild-contamination-differential · Download PDF
134. Bivalve cadmium amplification through filter feeding — why mussels and oysters carry an order-of-magnitude higher cadmium load than finfish
     Karen Pendergrass. May 18, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.bivalve-cadmium-amplification · Download PDF
135. Cooking does not reduce methylmercury — and why this matters for consumer messaging
     Karen Pendergrass. May 18, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.cooking-does-not-reduce-mehg · Download PDF
136. EU heavy-metals regulatory framework timeline (2001-2023 and beyond)
     Karen Pendergrass. May 18, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.eu-regulatory-framework-timeline · Download PDF
137. Selenium-mercury molar ratio as a basis for relaxing predator-fish MeHg ceilings — the scientific debate
     Karen Pendergrass. May 18, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.se-hg-molar-ratio-certification-debate · Download PDF
138. Climate change is projected to increase methylmercury in marine fish, and present-day regulatory frameworks are calibrated against a shifting baseline
     Karen Pendergrass. May 16, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.climate-fish-mehg-projections · Download PDF
139. Edible seaweed and kelp are a systematic cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) exposure pathway that conventional food-safety surveillance does not adequately characterize
     Karen Pendergrass. May 16, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.seaweed-cd-as-contamination · Download PDF
140. Mining-impacted freshwater fish are a globally distributed multi-metal contamination pathway not addressed by commercial-market fish advisories
     Karen Pendergrass. May 16, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.mining-impacted-freshwater-fish · Download PDF
141. Organic certification is not protective against heavy-metal contamination, and in some food matrices is associated with higher loads
     Karen Pendergrass. May 16, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.organic-certification-not-protective · Download PDF
142. Climate adaptation creates new heavy-metal trade-offs
     Karen Pendergrass. May 13, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.climate-metals-tradeoffs · Download PDF
143. Single-metal regulatory limits systematically underprotect against dietary heavy-metal exposure
     Karen Pendergrass. May 13, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.combined-exposure-underprotection · Download PDF
144. Spice adulteration with lead chromate is a distinct, non-agricultural contamination pathway reaching infants
     Karen Pendergrass. May 13, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.spice-adulteration-lead-infants · Download PDF
145. Subsistence fishing methylmercury is a global vulnerable-population pattern that regulatory fish-consumption advice does not address
     Karen Pendergrass. May 13, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.subsistence-fishing-mehg-disparity · Download PDF
146. The organoarsenical inertness assumption is increasingly contested
     Karen Pendergrass. May 13, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.organoarsenical-inertness-assumption · Download PDF
147. US chocolate lead has measurably declined since 2015; cadmium has not
     Karen Pendergrass. May 13, 2026.
     https://doi.org/10.83376/hmi.us-chocolate-lead-temporal-decline · Download PDF