Meat and poultry
FSA/Fera measured this ingredient or a closely matching non-infant-specific food composite in the FS102048 survey. Exact concentrations remain in progress until Table 6 is parsed into structured ingredient rows with quantitation flags preserved. fsa2016-infant-food-formula-metals-survey
Heavy metal contamination profile
Per-analyte snapshot derived from the machine-readable contamination_profile in the frontmatter above. data gap indicates the literature has been reviewed for this commodity-analyte combination and no usable occurrence data was found (a finding, not a placeholder). The Key sources column is populated by the per-metal body sections below where they exist; an automated Phase 3 enrichment will lift attributions into this table.
| Analyte | Coverage | Typical (ppb) | p95 (ppb) | Confidence | Key sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| Cd | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| iAs | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| tAs | data gap | — | — | — | — |
| tHg | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| Ni | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| Al | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| Cr | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| Sn | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| U | data gap | — | — | — | — |
Routing
This node is linked from mixed-meals-non-rice, mixed-meals-rice-containing.
Contamination Profile State
The machine-readable contamination profile is in_progress. Ingredient-level values belong here once parsed; finished-product values belong on the relevant product-category page.
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The “Used on this page for” column is populated by the orchestrator’s POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | FDA 2025. Action Levels for Lead in Processed Food Intended for Babies and Young Children: Guidance for Industry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Human Foods Program | 2025 | Government guidance | FDA Closer to Zero final guidance setting a 10 ppb Pb action level for single-ingredient meats in processed baby and toddler foods; threshold derived from CDC blood lead reference value and FDA 2022 interim reference levels; scientifically grounding the regulatory floor for Pb in meat-based infant products |
| 2 | Wysok et al. 2025. Heavy Metal Contamination in Natural Sheep Casings, Foods | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Pb, tAs, Cd, and tHg in 35 natural sheep casing samples from Polish production facilities (ICP-MS); mean Pb 77 ppb, tAs 36 ppb, Cd 9 ppb wet weight; tHg below LOQ in all samples; characterises the sausage-casing byproduct as a secondary metal-exposure pathway in processed meat products |
| 3 | Xinghui et al. 2024. Assessment of Dietary Arsenic Exposure Levels and the Associated Health Risks in Chongqing City, China, Chinese Journal of Public Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | [awaiting synthesis] |
| 4 | Meli et al. 2024. Chemical characterization of baby food consumed in Italy, PLOS ONE | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Al, tAs, Cd, tHg, Ni, Pb, and Sn in 25 European baby foods consumed in Italy including homogenized meat products (children aged 0–6 months); multi-element occurrence data for meat-based baby food matrices |
| 5 | FDA 2022. Total Diet Study Report: Fiscal Years 2018-2020 Elements Data, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Total Diet Study Program | 2022 | Government report | Cd, Pb, Hg, iAs, tAs, Ni, Al, and other elements in US prepared TDS meat foods (ground beef, lamb chop, pork chop, turkey, frankfurter, bologna, ham) across FY2018–2020; most comprehensive recent US monitoring dataset for metals in retail prepared meat |
| 6 | JECFA 2022. Cadmium: dietary exposure assessment, WHO Food Additives Series, No. 82 (Safety evaluation of certain contaminants in food, prepared by the 91st meeting of JECFA) | 2022 | Government report | JECFA 91st meeting Cd dietary exposure assessment carrying forward the PTMI of 25 µg/kg bw/month; reports Cd occurrence across food groups including meat and organ meats; finds children can approach or reach the PTMI under high-cocoa and high-cereal dietary patterns |
| 7 | EFSA 2010. Scientific Opinion on Lead in Food, EFSA Journal 2010;8(4):1570 | 2010 | Government report | EFSA CONTAM Pb opinion concluding no safe threshold exists for developmental neurotoxicity or cardiovascular effects; derives BMDLs from blood lead concentrations; meat and organ meats identified among food group contributors to adult and child dietary Pb exposure across European monitoring data |
| 8 | EFSA 2009. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain on a request from the European Commission on cadmium in food, The EFSA Journal | 2009 | Government report | EFSA CONTAM Cd opinion establishing the EU TWI of 2.5 µg/kg bw/week; includes Cd occurrence data for meat and offal across European monitoring, noting that organ meats (particularly kidney and liver) carry substantially higher Cd than muscle meat |
| 9 | Codex 1995. General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (CXS 193-1995), Codex Alimentarius (Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme) | 1995 | Government report | Codex international maximum levels for Cd, Pb, Hg, iAs, and Sn across food matrices including meat and offal; provides the international regulatory benchmarks against which meat Pb and Cd concentrations are assessed on this page |