Apple juice
FSA/Fera measured this ingredient or non-infant-specific food composite in Table 6 of the FS102048 survey. Exact concentration values remain in progress until Table 6 is parsed into structured ingredient rows with less-than and semi-quantitative flags preserved. fsa2016-infant-food-formula-metals-survey
Heavy metal contamination profile
Per-analyte snapshot derived from the machine-readable contamination_profile in the frontmatter above. data gap indicates the literature has been reviewed for this commodity-analyte combination and no usable occurrence data was found (a finding, not a placeholder). The Key sources column is populated by the per-metal body sections below where they exist; an automated Phase 3 enrichment will lift attributions into this table.
| Analyte | Coverage | Typical (ppb) | p95 (ppb) | Confidence | Key sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb | n=2 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| Cd | n=2 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| iAs | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| tAs | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| tHg | n=2 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| Ni | n=2 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| Al | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| Cr | n=2 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| Sn | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| U | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
Routing
This node is linked from fruit-juice-not-canned.
Contamination Profile State
The machine-readable contamination profile is in_progress. Ingredient-level values belong here once parsed; finished-product values belong on the relevant product-category page.
FDA TDS FY2018-FY2020 Evidence
FDA’s FY2018-FY2020 Total Diet Study dataset includes this page’s routed matrix as TDS Food 99, “Juice, apple, bottled.” The normalized row-level data is stored in data/evidence/fda_tds_fy2018_2020_element_results_samples.csv, with per-food/per-analyte summaries in data/evidence/fda_tds_fy2018_2020_summary_by_food_analyte.csv. Concentrations are retained as FDA reported them, with reporting limits preserved separately; reported zeroes are not rewritten as <LOD without a source-specific rule. fda2022-tds-elements-fy2018-fy2020
FDA TDS FY2018-FY2020 Occurrence Values
FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-FY2020 reports prepared/composite-food concentration distributions for this ingredient as TDS food “Juice, apple, bottled” (fda2022-tds-elements-fy2018-fy2020). Values are in ppb-equivalent on the basis FDA reported. The full sample-level data are stored in data/evidence/fda_tds_fy2018_2020_element_results_samples.csv; per-analyte distributions in data/evidence/fda_tds_fy2018_2020_summary_by_food_analyte.csv. These distributions count as one source under persistent-wiki-ingest-rule synthesis discipline; numerical values stay in body scratch until a second independent source is integrated.
| Metal | n | min | p10 | p50 | p90 | p95 | max | Schema |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cd | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | in profile |
| Cr | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | in profile |
| Ni | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 18 | 20 | in profile |
| Pb | 3 | 0 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 2.46 | 2.58 | 2.7 | in profile |
| U | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | in profile |
| tAs | 3 | 1.1 | 1.36 | 2.4 | 4 | 4.2 | 4.4 | in profile |
| tHg | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | in profile |
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The “Used on this page for” column is populated by the orchestrator’s POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | FDA 2023. Action Level for Inorganic Arsenic in Apple Juice: Guidance for Industry, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition | 2023 | Government guidance | FDA final guidance establishing the 10 ppb iAs action level for apple juice and apple cider; the operative U.S. regulatory limit for iAs in this matrix |
| 2 | FDA 2022. FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical Results, FDA Total Diet Study | 2022 | Government dataset | FDA TDS FY2018-FY2020 multi-element occurrence data for bottled apple juice (TDS Food 99, n=3); provides per-analyte distribution tables for Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Cr, and U on this page |
| 3 | FDA 2018. Analytical Results for Lead in Juice Sampled Under the FDA’s Toxic Elements in Food and Foodware, and Radionuclides in Food – Import and Domestic Compliance Program (FY2005-FY2018), FDA analytical results table | 2018 | Government dataset | FDA compliance-program Pb dataset for 1,643 juice samples FY2005-FY2018; primary sample-level evidence base for apple juice Pb distribution and the Closer to Zero juice action level development |
| 4 | Tarigan et al. 2016. Factors are Affecting Tin Released in Canned Beverages, International Journal of PharmTech Research, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 330-333 | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | Indonesian market study measuring inorganic Sn in canned carbonated, beer, and juice beverages (n=27); demonstrates pH-driven Sn release from can linings relevant to canned apple juice; B-tier source (predatory venue) |
| 5 | FDA 2011. Arsenic in Apple Juice: Analytical Results from the 2005–2011 Toxic Elements Food and Foodware Program, US Food and Drug Administration | 2011 | Government dataset | FDA tAs sample-level dataset for 160 apple juice and concentrate samples FY2005-FY2011 with country-of-origin breakdown; underpins the FDA iAs action level rationale for this matrix |
| 6 | Harper et al. 2005. Toxicological Profile for Tin and Tin Compounds, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ATSDR | 2005 | Government report | ATSDR comprehensive Sn toxicological profile; provides inorganic vs organotin species distinction, MRLs, and canned-juice occurrence context for apple juice Sn risk framing |
| 7 | Schafer et al. 1984. Tin — A Toxic Heavy Metal? A Review of the Literature, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Vol. 4, pp. 57-69 | 1984 | Peer-reviewed | Foundational European literature review on inorganic vs organotin toxicology; establishes that inorganic Sn from canned food (including fruit juices) acts via gastrointestinal irritation rather than systemic accumulation |
| 8 | Benoy et al. 1971. The Toxicity of Tin in Canned Fruit Juices and Solid Foods, Food and Cosmetics Toxicology, Vol. 9, Issue 5, pp. 645-656 | 1971 | Peer-reviewed | Outbreak investigation linking a 1967 Kuwait gastrointestinal event to canned orange and apple juice at 250-385 ppm Sn; establishes the gastrointestinal NOAEL/LOAEL thresholds underpinning international canned-beverage Sn limits |