Antimony
Antimony is listed by Ufelle & Barchowsky 2021 among minor toxic metals for which toxicity has been described. The Essentials chapter does not provide a detailed antimony subsection, so this node is source-map context only.
Status
This page is a source-map stub created during the re-ingest of Ufelle & Barchowsky 2021. Substantive antimony-specific expansion awaits a dedicated ingest.
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The “Used on this page for” column is populated by the orchestrator’s POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Charfi et al. 2026. Food safety in the production of olive oils. Presence of heavy metals and phthalic acid esters using different types of packaging, Journal of Food Science and Technology | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | ES Pb, Cd, tAs, Ni, Cr, Al, Cu, Zn, Fe, Sb, Mn, Mg occurrence in Commercial Spanish olive oil samples (extra virgin, virgin, olive oil, olive pomace oil) purchased from the Spanish market… (n=18) |
| 2 | Olowoyo et al. 2026. Heavy Metals Burden in Drinking Water: Global Patterns, Sources, and Public Health Implications, Water 18(8): 886 | 2026 | Review | global Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, U, Mn, tHg, Sb, Se occurrence in Systematic narrative review; 66 peer-reviewed articles published 2015–2024 (sourced from ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed) reporting heavy-metal concentrations in… (n=66) |
| 3 | Cwielag-Drabek et al. 2025. Heavy Metal Content in Tattoo and Permanent Makeup Inks and European Standards-Is There Still a Health Risk?, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EU Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Cu, iAs, Co, Sb, Se, Mn, tHg occurrence in Commercial tattoo inks, permanent makeup inks, and dual-use inks purchased in the European Union in 2022-2023 (n=41) |
| 4 | Demir et al. 2025. Determination of Element Contents and Health Risk Assessment of Some Commercial Coffees in Turkiye, Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty 22(3) | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | TR Al, Ba, Cr, Ni, Pb, tAs, Cd, Sb occurrence in Ten brewed commercial coffee samples from different product/brand types in Turkiye: classic, milicano, green, gold, decaffeinated, filter, and… (n=10) |
| 5 | Fan et al. 2025. Occurrence, exposure and health risk assessment of heavy metals in green tea samples cultivated in Hangzhou area, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Sb concentrations and health risk assessment in green tea (n=120) by ICP-MS |
| 6 | FDA 2025. Compliance Program Guidance Manual: Toxic Elements in Food and Foodware, and Radionuclides in Food – Import and Domestic (Program 7304.019), US Food and Drug Administration | 2025 | Government report | FDA Compliance Program 7304.019: Sb surveillance in food and foodware, analytical methods and enforcement thresholds |
| 7 | Haji et al. 2025. Hidden Toxic Elements in Creams and Foundations, Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 6(2): 197-203 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | TZ Cu, Cd, tHg, Pb, tAs, Sb, Te, Bi, Nb, Ta occurrence in Seven creams and three foundation products assessed for toxic elements; the paper reports individual brand names, but this… (n=10) |
| 8 | Huang et al. 2025. Biochar Influences the Transformation and Translocation of Antimony in the Rhizosphere-Rice System, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN Sb occurrence in One Sb-Au mining-contaminated paddy soil (0-20 cm, Dongzhi County, Chizhou, Anhui Province, China; total Sb 94.41 mg/kg) used… (n=1) |
| 9 | Ibrahim et al. 2025. Dietary Exposure and Health Risk Assessment of Selected Toxic and Essential Metals in Various Flavored Dairy Products, Biological Trace Element Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Sb concentrations and health risk assessment in milk (n=180) by ICP-MS |
| 10 | Maćkiewicz et al. 2025. Application of the ICP-OES and SEM-EDS Techniques for Elemental Analysis of Various Types of Cosmetic Products with Antiperspirant and Deodorant Properties Available on the EU Market, Molecules | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, Zn, Zr occurrence in 72 deodorant and antiperspirant products purchased from Polish-market commercial outlets between 2022 and 2025: 57 antiperspirants and 15… (n=72) |
| 11 | Marcelis et al. 2025. Chemical characterization of menstrual and intimate care products: An extractables & leachables investigation, Environment International | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EU/US/CN Li, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Se, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Sn, tHg occurrence in 64 menstrual and intimate care products originating from the EU, US, and China: tampons n=9, menstrual pads n=6,… (n=64) |
| 12 | Moriceau et al. 2025. Measurement of traces of heavy metals in cosmetic raw materials and finished products according to ISO/DIS 21392:2021 using triple quadrupole ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific Application Note 003602 | 2025 | Industry | EU/FR Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr, Ni, Sb, Al, Sn, Co, Mn, Fe, Zn, Be, Se, Tl, Ti, W, Pt occurrence in 17 finished cosmetic products sold on the French and European market (creams, gels, pastes, liquids, varnishes, solids) plus… (n=27) |
| 13 | Yan et al. 2025. Association between infants’ serum levels of 26 metals and gut microbiota: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in China, Frontiers in Microbiology 16:1669475 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Infant serum Sb and gut microbiota composition associations, hospital-based cross-sectional study |
| 14 | Yoshinaga et al. 2025. Duplicate diet study to assess dietary exposure to metals in a Japanese population, Environmental Monitoring and Contaminants Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | JP Cd, Pb, Ni, Sb occurrence in 150 adult Japanese (65 males, 85 females, aged 19–83 years) from the Kanto District and surrounding regions, 2017–2019;… (n=150) |
| 15 | Zhang et al. 2025. Salt use patterns and heavy metal urinary excretion, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US Ba, Cd, Co, Cs, Mo, Pb, Sb, Tl, W, tAs occurrence in NHANES 2003-2018 participants aged 20 years and older with urinary metal data, salt-use-pattern data, and covariate data after… (n=11574) |
| 16 | Barquero et al. 2024. A preliminary assessment of mercury, methylmercury and other potentially toxic elements in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from the Almadén mining district, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | ES/EU tHg, MeHg, tAs, Pb, Sb occurrence in Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from a 34 km transect of the Valdeazogues River, Almadén mercury mining district, Ciudad… |
| 17 | HealthCare 2024. Metals and alloys used in food contact materials and articles: a technical guide for manufacturers and regulators, 2nd edition, Council of Europe / EDQM, European Committee for Food Contact Materials and Articles (CD-P-MCA) | 2024 | Regulatory report | EU Al, Sb, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Ag, Sn, Ti, V, Zn, Zr, tAs, Ba, Be, Cd, Pb, Li, tHg, Tl occurrence in Regulatory technical guide supplementing Council of Europe Resolution CM/Res(2020)9; no primary sample population. |
| 18 | Ewubare et al. 2024. An Academic Review on Heavy Metals in the Environment: Effects on Soil, Plants Human Health, and Possible Solutions, American Journal of Environmental Economics 3(1) 70-81 | 2024 | Review | NG Pb, Cd, tHg, MeHg, Cr, Cr-VI, tAs, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Sb, Tl, Mo occurrence in Narrative review article; no primary samples. Synthesizes literature retrieved from Google Scholar, Frontier in Microbiology, AJOL, Scopus, Web… |
| 19 | Kim 2024. Potential migration of heavy metals from food containers and health risk assessment, unknown | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Sb data: A migration study measured heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Sb, Sn, Ge, Co, Mn) leaching from 120 disposable food containers (paper and plastic) collected from South Korean markets… |
| 20 | Maisto et al. 2024. Effects of Food-Derived Antioxidant Compounds on In Vitro Heavy Metal Intestinal Bioaccessibility, Antioxidants | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IT tHg, Cd, tAs, Pb, Sb, Cu, Zn, Fe occurrence in Triplicate in vitro gastrointestinal digestion experiments using water spiked with standardized heavy-metal concentrations and treated with maltodextrin-based quercetin,… (n=3) |
| 21 | Marcelis 2024. Development of a generic safety assessment strategy for feminine intimate products, PhD thesis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel | 2024 | Thesis | EU/US/CN Li, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Se, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Sn, tHg occurrence in PhD thesis built around a market survey of 64 feminine intimate products from the EU, US, and Asia/China:… (n=64) |
| 22 | Mercan et al. 2024. Experimental study for inorganic and organic profiling of toy makeup products: Estimating the potential threat to child health, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 31: 33975–33992 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | TR/CN/EU Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Se, Sb, Pb, Zn occurrence in Sixty-three toy makeup products purchased from toy stores in Istanbul, Turkey, representing ten different brands coded BRAND A–J… (n=63) |
| 23 | Association 2024. OEKO-TEX® Limit values: New regulations 2024, OEKO-TEX® Service GmbH customer information notice, 09 January 2024, Zurich, Switzerland. Updates applicable test criteria, limit values, and requirements for the OEKO-TEX® STANDARD 100, ORGANIC COTTON, LEATHER STANDARD, ECO PASSPORT, and STeP certification labels; new values binding from 01 April 2024 after a three-month transition period. | 2024 | Industry | INT/EU/CH Pb, Cd, tAs, Sb, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, tHg occurrence in Not a primary-measurement study. The notice publishes the OEKO-TEX Association’s updated 2024 limit values for the STANDARD 100,… |
| 24 | Amarh et al. 2023. Health risk assessment of some selected heavy metals in infant food sold in Wa, Ghana, Heliyon | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Sb concentrations and health risk assessment in infant/baby food (n=22) |
| 25 | ATSDR 2023. Exposure Dose Guidance for Soil/Sediment Dermal Absorption (Version 3), ATSDR / U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Public Health Service | 2023 | Government report | US As, Cd, Pb, Hg, MeHg, Ni, Cr, Cr-VI, Sb, Ba, Cu, Mn, Se, Ag, Tl, V, Zn, Be occurrence in Regulatory exposure-assessment guidance; no original sampling. Default ABSd and adherence-factor values from EPA RAGS Part E (2004); skin-surface… |
| 26 | BfR 2023. What’s in your food — BfR MEAL Study Final Report (Germany’s first Total Diet Study), BfR Science Report | 2023 | Government report | DE/EU Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg, MeHg, Ni, Al, Sn, Sb occurrence in Germany’s first Total Diet Study. Core element module: 869 pooled samples (868 for nitrate) comprised of 13,552 subsamples… (n=869) |
| 27 | Ciftci 2023. Determination of heavy metals and essential elements in nasal sprays and drops (Saline/Sea Water) and evaluation in terms of toxicity, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Al, Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn occurrence in Twenty-two saline, sea-water, or ocean-water nasal spray/drop samples sold as pharmacy products; the extracted text does not report… (n=22) |
| 28 | source) 2023. Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish Market, Nutrients | 2023 | Journal article | Cited reference from Nutrients |
| 29 | Deka et al. 2023. Monitoring Strategies for Heavy Metals in Foods and Beverages: Limitations for Human Health Risks, IntechOpen (Heavy Metals – Recent Advances) | 2023 | Book chapter | IN Pb, Cd, tHg, Cr, Cr-VI, tAs, Ni, Al, Sb, Mn, Fe, Co, Ba, Be occurrence in Narrative review chapter; no primary samples. Surveys analytical and remediation literature for heavy metals across foods and beverages… |
| 30 | Gautam 2023. Health Risk Assessment: Heavy Metals (Antimony, Arsenic, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury, and Nickel) in Tattoo Ink (Intra-Dermal Contact), Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR) client report FW23035, prepared for Manatu Hauora/Te Whatu Ora | 2023 | Government report | NZ/EU/US Ba, Pb, Ni, Cr-VI, tHg, Cd, Sb, tAs occurrence in Agency health-risk assessment using maximum tattoo-ink metal concentrations selected from the 2012 New Zealand Ministry of Health survey… (n=169) |
| 31 | González-Torres et al. 2023. Comparative Study of the Presence of Heavy Metals in Edible Vegetable Oils, Applied Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | ES/EU/CN Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Sb occurrence in Systematic literature review: 35 vegetable oil types from 24 countries; studies published 2015–2022; n=64 studies synthesized |
| 32 | Lee et al. 2023. Occurrence and health risk assessment of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead in fresh fruits consumed in South Korea, Applied Biological Chemistry | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | KR tAs, Sb, Ba, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb occurrence in Fresh fruits collected from supermarkets in six South Korean regions, 14 fruit species, April–October 2019 (n=207) |
| 33 | Martín-Carrasco et al. 2023. Comparison between pollutants found in breast milk and infant formula in the last decade: A review, Science of the Total Environment | 2023 | Peer reviewed review | EU/MA/NG Pb, Cd, tHg, MeHg, tAs, Al, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn, Co, Sn, Se, Sb occurrence in Narrative review of 65 breast-milk studies and 73 infant-formula studies published 2012–2022, covering metals, heat-treatment products, pharmaceuticals, mycotoxins,… |
| 34 | Milani et al. 2023. Trace Elements in Soy-Based Beverages: A Comprehensive Study of Total Content and In Vitro Bioaccessibility, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Sb data: This A-tier peer-reviewed paper is the first promoted Category 5 occurrence source for the soy-based plant-milk row. |
| 35 | Nelson 2023. Cadmium and Other Metals in Children’s Jewelry 2018, Follow-up Study, Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Assessment Program, Publication 23-03-004 (January 2023) | 2023 | Regulatory | US Pb, Cd, Sb, tAs, Co, tHg occurrence in 38 component samples sub-sampled from 33 of 78 children’s jewelry and apparel-with-jewelry products purchased October-December 2018 from 17… (n=38) |
| 36 | New York State Department 2023. Toxic Chemicals in Children’s Products Program: Chemicals and Practical Quantitation Limits Under Consideration (Draft Update, Feb. 2023), NY DEC Toxic Chemicals in Children’s Products Program — stakeholder draft for public comment | 2023 | Regulation | US-NY Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Pb, tHg, MeHg, Ni occurrence in Draft regulatory chemical list — proposes Chemicals of Concern (COCs) and High Priority Chemicals (HPCs) plus practical quantitation… |
| 37 | Axford et al. 2023. A Feasibility Study Investigating Action Limits for Certain Heavy Metal Impurities in Cosmetic Products, UK Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS), BEIS/OPSS Contract Ref FM21190; report prepared by LGC | 2023 | Government report | UK/EU/US Sb, tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in 91 cosmetic products purchased from UK high-street stores and online retailers (~70/30 split) across low, mid and high… (n=91) |
| 38 | Pradhan 2023. Inductive coupled plasma analysis of Heracleum nepalense D. Don (Umbelliferae), Exploratory Animal and Medical Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cd, tAs, Hg, Al, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, U occurrence in Three ICP replicas from mature Heracleum nepalense fruit collected in Sikkim, India (n=3) |
| 39 | Rebellato et al. 2023. Inorganic Contaminants in Plant-Based Yogurts Commercialized in Brazil, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | BR Al, Cr, Co, Ni, tAs, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba, tHg, Pb occurrence in Forty-three samples of plant-based yogurt (17 different flavors across 5 brands) and 1 sample of cow-milk natural yogurt… (n=44) |
| 40 | Sadhya et al. 2023. Regulation in India of Heavy Metals in Food Items: A Critical Analysis, Environmental Analysis & Ecology Studies | 2023 | Review | IN Pb, Cu, tAs, Sn, Cd, tHg, MeHg, Cr, Ni, Se, Sb, Ba, Co, Fe, Li, Mn, Zn occurrence in Legal review of the Indian regulatory framework governing heavy metals in food and food packaging. No primary measurements… |
| 41 | Salles et al. 2023. Potentially Toxic Elements in Costume Cosmetics Used by Children and Adults Are Associated with Cancer Risk, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20:531 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | BR/US Al, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn occurrence in 95 samples of face paints (n=90) and pancakes (n=5) purchased at the largest high-street commercial center in São… (n=95) |
| 42 | Scientific Committee on Consumer 2023. The SCCS Notes of Guidance for the Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and Their Safety Evaluation, 12th Revision (SCCS/1647/22), European Commission, Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety | 2023 | Government report | EU Pb, Cd, As, tHg, Ni, Cr, Sb occurrence in Regulatory guidance document; no original sampling. Synthesises default exposure parameters from prior SCCS/SCCNFP opinions (notably SCCNFP/0321/00 retention factors,… |
| 43 | Wang et al. 2023. Spatial distribution, sources, and risks of heavy metals in soil from industrial areas of Hangzhou, eastern China, Environmental Earth Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Sb exposure in industrial settings: occupational biomonitoring and community health context |
| 44 | Xie et al. 2023. Associations of metal mixtures with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis: NHANES 2003–2018, Frontiers in Public Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Sb, Co, Cs, Mo, Tl, W, Ba occurrence in US adults, NHANES 2003–2018 (n=5548) |
| 45 | Xie et al. 2023. Quantitative source identification, risk assessment and pollution of heavy metals in soils around a typical Sb smelter in central and southern China, Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Sb contamination in soils surrounding a hydrometallurgical smelter in Hunan: source apportionment and health risk assessment |
| 46 | Zeng et al. 2023. Heavy metal risk of disposable food containers on human health, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CN Be, V, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cd, Cr, Co, Sb, Ba, Pb, Fe, Cu, Se occurrence in Disposable paper cups, plastic cups, plastic bags, and plastic bowls purchased through an online retail channel in China;… (n=28) |
| 47 | Zhang et al. 2023. Metal compositions of particle emissions from material extrusion 3D printing: Emission sources and indoor exposure modeling, Science of the Total Environment | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | US Al, Cr, Cd, tAs, Pb, Ni, Sn, Sb occurrence in Eight material-extrusion 3D-printing filaments and their emitted particle samples, including PLA, nylon, bronze-filled PLA, stainless-steel-filled filament, and flame-retarded… (n=8) |
| 48 | Souza et al. 2022. Determination of the Trace Element Contents of Fruit Juice Samples by ICP OES and ICP-MS, Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | ES/PT Al, tAs, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, Zn occurrence in 21 fruit juice and nectar samples: 16 commercial fruit juices, 2 commercial nectars, 2 laboratory-squeezed orange juices, and… (n=21) |
| 49 | FDA 2022. Total Diet Study Report: Fiscal Years 2018-2020 Elements Data, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Total Diet Study Program | 2022 | Government report | US Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg, Ni, Cr, U, Sb occurrence in Composite TDS samples across 307 foods (3,241 food/beverage samples + 35 bottled-water samples) collected across six US regions… (n=3276) |
| 50 | FDA 2022. FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical Results Key, FDA Total Diet Study supporting documentation | 2022 | Government report | FDA TDS FY2018-2020 analytical key: Sb measurement LODs and QA/QC parameters by food category |
| 51 | Gredilla et al. 2022. A Rapid Routine Methodology Based on Chemometrics to Evaluate the Toxicity of Commercial Infant Milks Due to Hazardous Elements, Food Analytical Methods | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | BR/CO Li, Al, Mg, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Se, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, tHg, Tl, Pb, Mo occurrence in Twelve commercial powdered milk formulas purchased in representative cities of Brazil and Colombia: nine child/infant milks and three… (n=12) |
| 52 | Kletikova et al. 2022. Effect of Feed Additive on the Mineral Composition of Quail Blood, Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | RU Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Cr, Mn, Co, tAs, Li, Ni, Sb, Al, Ti, Pb, tHg, Cd occurrence in Ten control and ten experimental Japanese laying quails sampled for blood serum minerals at 120 days after the… (n=20) |
| 53 | Modddaresi et al. 2022. Heavy metal content in cosmetic products: a comparative review on permissible levels in global regulatory requirements and available analytical tests, IFSCC 2022 full paper; Personal Care Regulatory Ltd, Cambridge, UK | 2022 | Review | EU/GB/US Pb, tAs, Cd, tHg, Sb, Ni, Cr, Co occurrence in Comparative regulatory and analytical-method review; no primary cosmetic product samples were collected or measured by this source. |
| 54 | Ravalli et al. 2022. Sociodemographic inequalities in uranium and other metals in community water systems across the USA, 2006–11: a cross-sectional study, The Lancet Planetary Health | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, U, Ba, Cr, Se, Cd, Sb, Hg, tl, Be occurrence in 37,915 community water systems (CWSs) across the USA; EPA SYR2 and SYR3 compliance monitoring records 2000–2011 (n=37915) |
| 55 | Sarkar et al. 2022. Drinking Water Quality and Public Health in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Coliform Bacteria, Chemical Contaminants, and Health Status of Consumers, Journal of Environmental and Public Health | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | NP Al, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, tHg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, U, V, Zn occurrence in 35 public drinking water sources (7 dug wells, 18 tube wells, 9 stone spouts, 1 municipal tap) in… (n=35) |
| 56 | Signes-Pastor et al. 2022. Dietary Exposure to Essential and Non-essential Elements During Infants’ First Year of Life in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, Exposure and Health | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, Pb, Cd, tHg, Al, Sb, Sn occurrence in Exclusively breastfed US infants enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS); urine collected at 6 weeks… (n=187) |
| 57 | Ungureanu et al. 2022. Occurrence of Potentially Toxic Elements in Bottled Drinking Water-Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risks Assessment in Adults via Ingestion, Foods | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | RO/EU Ba, Co, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Li, Fe, Pb, Cd, Cr, Sb occurrence in Bottled drinking water samples available on the Romanian market, purchased between 2019 and 2021 (n=50) |
| 58 | Wang et al. 2022. The Influence of Heavy Metals on Gastric Tumorigenesis, Journal of Oncology | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | CN As, Cr, Hg, Pb, Sb, Sn, Tl occurrence in 105 pathologically confirmed gastric cancer (GC) patients and 62 healthy controls recruited at Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi… (n=167) |
| 59 | WHO 2022. Guidelines for drinking-water quality: fourth edition incorporating the first and second addenda, Geneva: World Health Organization | 2022 | Government report | WHO/Global Pb, Cd, iAs, tAs, tHg, Ni, Al, Cr, Sn, U, Sb occurrence in Drinking-water consumers globally; guideline values derived for a 60 kg adult consuming 2 L/day, with bottle-fed infants flagged… |
| 60 | Davis et al. 2021. Low levels of salivary metals, oral microbiome composition and dental decay, Scientific Reports | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Sb levels in saliva and oral microbiome composition associations in children |
| 61 | Kithure et al. 2021. How Safe is the Water Consumed in Different Parts of Nairobi, Kenya?, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | KE Pb, Cd, Sb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn occurrence in Seven commercial PET-bottled drinking water brands purchased from supermarkets in Nairobi County, Kenya; sampling carried out 2019–2020; brands… (n=7) |
| 62 | Stone 2021. Metals in Children’s and Consumer Products and Packaging, Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Publication 14-04-014 (Revised June 2021) | 2021 | Regulatory | US Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, tHg, Mo, Zn occurrence in 150 component samples submitted for laboratory metals analysis, sub-sampled from 101 children’s products purchased from local Washington stores… (n=150) |
| 63 | Ufelle et al. 2021. Toxic Effects of Metals (Chapter 23), in Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, Fourth Edition, Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, Fourth Edition. McGraw Hill Education | 2021 | Textbook chapter | Toxicology reference text on antimony: mechanisms of toxicity, target organs, and clinical manifestations |
| 64 | International Organization for Standardization, 2020. ISO 8124-3:2020 — Safety of toys — Part 3: Migration of certain elements (Third edition, 2020-03), International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland; ISO 8124-3:2020(E), Third edition 2020-03 | 2020 | Regulatory | international Sb, tAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, tHg, Se occurrence in International voluntary consensus standard, not a sampling study. Specifies maximum acceptable migration levels and the associated analytical procedure… |
| 65 | Lukin et al. 2020. Mineral composition of chicken meat semi-finished products from different producers, Innovations and Food Safety | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | RU tAs, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Sn, Al, Sb occurrence in Chilled broiler drumsticks from two producers sold in Chelyabinsk, Russia |
| 66 | Centre for Food Safety 2019. Guidelines on the Food Adulteration (Metallic Contamination) (Amendment) Regulation 2018, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service GAIN Report HK1922, relaying the Hong Kong Centre for Food Safety Guidelines for the Food Adulteration (Metallic Contamination) (Amendment) Regulation 2018 (Cap. 132V sub. leg.) | 2019 | Government report | HK Sb, tAs, iAs, Ba, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, MeHg, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, U occurrence in Not a sampling study. Regulatory document setting maximum levels (MLs) for 14 metallic contaminants across food and food… |
| 67 | Chekri et al. 2019. Trace element contents in foods from the first French Total Diet Study on infants and toddlers, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | Sb occurrence data from a Total Diet Study on infants and toddlers: concentrations across food categories |
| 68 | Li et al. 2019. Evaluation of heavy metal migration from plastic food packaging materials to aqueous simulants by ICP-MS, Shimadzu Application News No. AD-0207 | 2019 | Application note | EU Al, tAs, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn occurrence in Three plastic food-packaging material types obtained from local food markets: polystyrene container, polypropylene container, and polyethylene film. (n=3) |
| 69 | Pankavec et al. 2019. Mineral Constituents of Conserved White Button Mushrooms: Similarities and Differences, Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene) | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Ni, Al, Cr, U, Sb occurrence in 100 unit packages of commercially available pickled white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) from 6 manufacturers sold in Gdańsk,… (n=100) |
| 70 | Aldayel et al. 2018. Heavy Metals Concentration in Facial Cosmetics, Natural Products Chemistry & Research 6(1): 1000303 | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | SA Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Al, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, U, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Co, Ag, Ba, V, Mo, Li occurrence in Thirty facial-cosmetic samples representing nine ‘most expensive’ facial-cosmetic brands purchased from the Saudi Arabian (Riyadh) market. Four product… (n=30) |
| 71 | Muniz et al. 2018. Evaluation of metals in tomato sauces stored in different types of packaging, Food Science and Technology | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | BR tAs, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Sb, Sn occurrence in 20 retail tomato sauce samples in 4 packaging types (plastic, metallic/canned, cellulosic, glass), 2 brands, Rio de Janeiro… (n=20) |
| 72 | Syed et al. 2017. Heavy Metals Content in Low-Priced Toys, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 12(5):1499-1509 | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | MY/CN/EU Sb, tAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Ni, Se, Sr, Sn, Zn occurrence in 42 low-priced toys imported from China and purchased from convenience shops in an urban area of Selangor, central… (n=42) |
| 73 | Trumbull et al. 2017. Children’s Seasonal Products Report 2014-2015, Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Publication 16-04-029 (January 2017) | 2017 | Regulatory | US-WA/US Sb, tAs, Cd, Co, Pb, tHg, Mo occurrence in 189 component samples submitted for laboratory metals analysis, sub-sampled (by XRF prioritisation) from 6,878 individual components separated from… (n=189) |
| 74 | FSA 2016. Survey of metals in commercial infant foods, infant formula and non-infant specific foods, UK Food Standards Agency report FS102048 | 2016 | Government report | UK Food Standards Agency 2016 survey: Sb concentrations in infant foods and formula |
| 75 | Izah et al. 2016. A Review of Heavy Metal Concentration and Potential Health Implications of Beverages Consumed in Nigeria, Toxics | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | NG/GLOBAL Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, Cu, Mn, Zn occurrence in Narrative review of secondary data from Nigerian beverage studies published 2007-2016. No new measurements. Section 2 states the… |
| 76 | Users 2016. Comparative Testing: Baby Pacifier and Sippy Cups, Malaysian Association of Standards Users (Standards Users), Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. Comparative testing report (undated; filename year 2016). | 2016 | NGO report | MY Pb, Cd, tAs, Sb, Cr, tHg occurrence in Eight infant-contact products purchased from Malaysian retail in 2016 for comparative consumer testing: six pacifiers/soothers (Symmetrical Soother, Silicone… (n=8) |
| 77 | Nguyen et al. 2016. Exposure of women to trace elements through the skin by direct contact with underwear clothing, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | Ag, Al, tAs, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, tHg, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, V, Zn occurrence in Women undergarments: 63 cotton, 44 nylon, and 13 polyester samples manufactured in 14 countries and purchased as direct-skin-contact… (n=120) |
| 78 | Piccinini et al. 2016. Safety of tattoos and permanent make-up. Final report, JRC Science for Policy report EUR 27947 EN, JRC101601; prepared for DG JUST under Administrative Arrangement N. 2014-33617 | 2016 | Government report | EU/CH/DE tAs, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cr-VI, Cu, tHg, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Sn, Zn occurrence in JRC synthesis of RAPEX notifications and national tattoo/permanent-make-up ink surveillance: 126 RAPEX alerts for tattoo/PMU inks through 2015… |
| 79 | Sekerak 2016. Cadmium and Other Metals in Children’s Jewelry, Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Assessment Program, Publication 16-03-007 (March 2016) | 2016 | Regulatory | US Pb, Cd, Sb, tAs, Co, tHg, Mo occurrence in 38 component samples sub-sampled from 159 children’s jewelry products purchased September-October 2015 from 15 large south-Puget-Sound retail stores… (n=38) |
| 80 | Wan et al. 2016. Preliminary Assessment of Health Risks of Potentially Toxic Elements in Settled Dust over Beijing Urban Area, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | CN V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb occurrence in Sixty-two settled-dust samples collected mostly from outdoor surfaces of residential buildings in the Beijing urban area in spring… (n=62) |
| 81 | Heckmann et al. 2015. CMR Substances in Toys – Market Surveillance and Risk Assessment, Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products No. 141, 2015. Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Copenhagen. ISBN 978-87-93352-79-7. | 2015 | Regulatory agency report | DK/EU Sn, Al, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Sb, tAs occurrence in Phase 2 chemical analyses: 28 toy products extracted by the Danish EPA’s Chemical Inspection Service (CIS) from 30… (n=28) |
| 82 | Baxter et al. 2015. Total Diet Study of metals and other elements in food, Food and Environment Research Agency report for the UK Food Standards Agency, Fera report 15/06, project FS102081 | 2015 | Government report | GB Pb, Cd, iAs, tAs, tHg, Ni, Al, Cr, Sn, Sb occurrence in 3312 retail food samples from 24 UK locations, combined into 138 food categories and 28 food groups, all… (n=3312) |
| 83 | Lo et al. 2015. Simultaneous Determination of As, Cu, Cr, Se, Sn, Cd, Sb and Pb Levels in Infant Formulas by ICP-MS after Microwave-Assisted Digestion: Method Validation, Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | IT tAs, Cr, Sn, Cd, Pb, Sb occurrence in infant formula samples analyzed during ICP-MS method validation |
| 84 | Savic et al. 2015. The Presence of Minerals in Clear Orange Juices, Advanced Technologies | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | RS Ag, Al, tAs, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn occurrence in Seven clear orange-juice samples with 50% fruit content, produced by different manufacturers and purchased from the local market… (n=7) |
| 85 | FSA 2014. Survey of metals and other elements in commercial infant foods, infant formula and non-infant specific foods, Food Standards Agency report | 2014 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, iAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn occurrence in Forty-seven infant formula samples, 200 commercial infant foods, and 50 composite ‘other foods’ samples purchased from UK retail… (n=297) |
| 86 | Llorent-Martínez et al. 2014. Quantitation of Metals During the Extraction of Virgin Olive Oil from Olives Using ICP-MS after Microwave-assisted Acid Digestion, Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | ES/EU Al, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, tAs, Cd, Sb, Pb occurrence in Picual, Hojiblanca, and Arbequina olive fruits collected January 2012/13 from an irrigated orchard in Jaén (Andalusia), Spain; analyzed… |
| 87 | Centre for Food Safety 2013. The First Hong Kong Total Diet Study: Metallic Contaminants, Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region | 2013 | Government report | HK Al, Sb, Cd, Pb, MeHg, Ni, Sn occurrence in Hong Kong general adult population; 150 TDS food items purchased on 4 occasions (March 2010 to February 2011),… (n=1800) |
| 88 | EC 2013. Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC — An Explanatory Guidance Document (Rev 1.7), European Commission, Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General, Single Market for Goods; Rev 1.7, 13/12/2013 | 2013 | Government report | EU Al, Sb, tAs, Ba, B, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Ni, Se, Sr, Sn occurrence in Regulatory guidance document interpreting EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC, including the 19-element migration-limit table at Annex II Part… |
| 89 | Canada 2012. Guidance on Heavy Metal Impurities in Cosmetics, Health Canada Consumer Product Safety guidance | 2012 | Government guidance | CA/DE/US Pb, tAs, Cd, tHg, Sb occurrence in Health Canada cosmetic-impurity guidance based on toxicology review, comparison with other program limits, German technical-avoidability limits, and Health… |
| 90 | Johnson et al. 2012. Status Report: Review of Metals in the Toy Safety Standard, ASTM F 963, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Status Report, Directorate for Health Sciences, 14 March 2012; bundles Versar/SRC final contractor report Contract CPSC-D-06-0006 Task Order 008 dated 16 July 2010 | 2012 | Regulatory | US/EU Sb, iAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Pb, iHg, Se occurrence in Regulatory status report, not a sampling study. The bundled Versar/SRC literature review covered ~13,000 references identified between 2000… |
| 91 | Stone 2012. Quality Assurance Project Plan: Parabens and Metals in Children’s Cosmetic and Personal Care Products, Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Publication 12-07-021 (February 2012) | 2012 | Regulatory | US-WA/US Sb, tAs, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, tHg, Mo, Zn occurrence in Planning document only; no samples analysed within this QAPP. The QAPP scopes a planned procurement of approximately 200… |
| 92 | UL 2012. Chemicals in Children’s Toys: Addressing Stricter Limits and Environmental Concerns, UL LLC White Paper (UL Environment), 8 pp. | 2012 | Industry | US/EU Pb, Cd, tHg, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Al, Sb occurrence in No primary contamination measurements. UL LLC marketing white paper introducing UL 172, the voluntary UL Standard for Sustainability… |
| 93 | Hitchcock et al. 2010. Trouble in Toyland: The 25th Annual Survey of Toy Safety, U.S. PIRG Education Fund, November 2010 | 2010 | NGO report | US Pb, Sb, Cd occurrence in 98 toys and children’s jewelry purchased at retail in September-October 2010 and XRF-screened (337 individual XRF screens performed… (n=260) |
| 94 | Tjandraatmadja et al. 2010. Sources of contaminants in domestic wastewater: nutrients and additional elements from household products, CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country National Research Flagship Report (Smart Water Fund Round 3 — Project 5), February 2010 (ISSN 1835-095X) | 2010 | Industry | AU Sb, Cr, Co, Mo, Se occurrence in One hundred and fifty-six household and personal-care products purchased from major supermarkets in Melbourne, Australia between February and… (n=156) |
| 95 | Parliament et al. 2009. Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products (recast), Official Journal of the European Union, L 342, 22.12.2009, p. 59-209 | 2009 | Regulation | EU Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Sb, Ni, Cr, Be, Se, Tl, Al, Sr, Zr occurrence in Not applicable. This is the EU horizontal cosmetic-products regulation, not a market survey. The document text is the… |
| 96 | Services 2009. Canada Publishes Legislated Heavy Metal Requirements for Toys Containing Surface Coating Materials, SGS SafeGuards Bulletin No. 181/09, Hardlines, Softlines, Electrical & Electronic, October 2009 | 2009 | Trade publication | CA/US Pb, Sb, tAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, tHg, Se occurrence in Regulatory-summary trade bulletin. No primary sampling or measurement. Summarises legal limits and test methods from (i) the Health… |
| 97 | Committee on Toxicity of 2008. COT Statement on the 2006 UK Total Diet Study of Metals and Other Elements, Committee on Toxicity statement | 2008 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, iAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Mo, Ni, Se, Sn, Tl, Zn occurrence in 2006 UK Total Diet Study: 119 food categories combined into 20 prepared-as-consumed food groups for metals and other… (n=20) |
| 98 | Poulsen et al. 2007. A survey and health assessment of cosmetic products for children, Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products, No. 88, 2007 (Danish Ministry of the Environment, Environmental Protection Agency) | 2007 | Government report | DK/EU Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, Ba, Se occurrence in 10 cosmetic-product packaging materials selected from 208 children’s cosmetic products (ages 3-14) mapped on the Danish market April-June… (n=10) |
| 99 | Nilsson et al. 2006. Survey and health assesment of chemicals substances in sex toys, Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products No. 77, 2006. Danish Environmental Protection Agency. | 2006 | Regulatory agency report | DK/EU Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb occurrence in 16 sex toys and fetish-clothing products purchased for Danish EPA screening: soft-vinyl, natural-latex/rubber, thermoplastic-rubber/SEBS, and hard-plastic products including… (n=16) |
| 100 | Committee on Toxicity of 2003. COT statement on a survey of metals in infant food, Committee on Toxicity statement | 2003 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn occurrence in Commercial UK baby foods and formulae, including infant formulae, manufactured baby foods, desserts, rusks, and infant drinks, surveyed… (n=189) |
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| b0f3d38 | 2026-06-12 | batch | corpus rescreen b04 old terminal skips |