Cadmium
This page is the first cross-source synthesis on cadmium for Heavy Metal Index. It draws on the canonical Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals chapter 32 (Nordberg, Nogawa, Nordberg 2015, Nordberg 2015), the Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology chapter 23 (Ufelle and Barchowsky 2021, Ufelle & Barchowsky 2021), Patty’s Toxicology chapter 7 (Jakubowski 2012, Jakubowski 2012), the EFSA 2009 scientific opinion (EFSA Cd 2009), the paired California OEHHA Prop 65 documents (OEHHA 1996, OEHHA 2001), the JECFA 91st meeting 2022 dietary exposure assessment (JECFA 91st 2022), the ATSDR 2012 Toxicological Profile (ATSDR 2012), and the Codex CCCF17 session report (Codex CCCF17 2024). Codex CXS 193-1995 (the General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed, matrix-level Cd MLs) and Codex CXC 81-2022 (Code of Practice for Cadmium in Cocoa Beans, the load-bearing source for cocoa-cadmium mitigation specifics) are also ingested. Operative 1985 EPA IRIS record, JECFA 73rd meeting derivation documents, and the EFSA 2011 reaffirming statement remain flagged as pending for later ingest waves. Open questions are tracked on synthesis.
Overview
Cadmium is a non-essential heavy metal and an environmental contaminant of the human food system. It enters the food supply through three pathways that compound over time: natural occurrence in soils at background concentrations of 0.1 to 1 mg/kg, accumulating anthropogenic loading from phosphate-fertilizer use and atmospheric deposition from non-ferrous metal refining, and biological concentration in filter-feeding marine invertebrates and in certain plant commodities (cereals, leafy vegetables, root vegetables, cocoa, tobacco) (Nordberg 2015, Jakubowski 2012). For non-smoking members of the general population, food is the dominant source of cadmium exposure; for smokers, tobacco contributes an internal exposure comparable in magnitude to diet (Nordberg 2015).
The metal is absorbed at low rates from the gastrointestinal tract (5 to 10 percent on average, with a 1 to 10 percent range that widens upward under iron deficiency and in pregnancy) and at substantially higher rates from the lung (10 to 50 percent of inhaled cadmium), and is then efficiently retained in the kidney and liver with a biological half-life measured in decades (Nordberg 2015, Jakubowski 2012). Cadmium body burden therefore accumulates across the human lifespan; the renal cortex concentration reaches its peak near age 55 under conditions of constant lifetime intake (ATSDR 2012). The primary toxic endpoint is renal tubular dysfunction, with skeletal demineralization a secondary endpoint that combines direct bone effects with calcium-handling consequences of the renal damage (Nordberg 2015, EFSA 2009). Cadmium is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a Group 1 human carcinogen on the basis of occupational inhalation studies, and dietary-exposure general-population epidemiology has produced statistical associations with cancers of the lung, endometrium, bladder, and breast (EFSA 2009, Nordberg 2015). No effective clinical treatment for cadmium intoxication exists; population-level dietary exposure reduction is the appropriate public-health response (Ufelle and Barchowsky 2021).
Four major regulatory and scientific bodies have issued dietary cadmium reference values. In order from tightest to most permissive when expressed on a daily per-body-weight basis: the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 2012 chronic oral Minimal Risk Level of 0.1 µg Cd/kg/day; the European Food Safety Authority 2009 tolerable weekly intake of 2.5 µg/kg b.w./week (daily equivalent approximately 0.36); the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives 2010 provisional tolerable monthly intake of 25 µg/kg b.w./month (daily equivalent approximately 0.83); and the US EPA Integrated Risk Information System oral reference dose, operative from 1985 and understood from secondary citations as approximately 1 × 10⁻³ mg/kg/day for food (pending ingest of the primary 1985 IRIS record). All four values rest on overlapping primary literature but arrive at different numbers through different methodological choices. The factor of approximately 8 between the tightest and most permissive of the four is a live fact that HMT&C certification-threshold decisions must acknowledge rather than paper over.
At a glance
The three facts that matter most for a consumer trying to interpret cadmium in the food supply.
First, cadmium accumulates in the body over decades and is never meaningfully excreted; the kidney half-life is estimated at 20 years or more, and kidney-cadmium burden at middle age reflects dietary intake across essentially the whole of adult life, not recent consumption (Nordberg 2015, Jakubowski 2012). There is no clinical treatment that removes cadmium once it is accumulated (Ufelle and Barchowsky 2021). This is the medical basis for treating cadmium as a prevention problem rather than a treatment problem.
Second, the foods that contribute the most to population-level cadmium exposure do so because they are eaten in large volume, not because they are the most cadmium-contaminated foods. The population-level contributors are cereals (rice and wheat), potatoes and other starchy roots, leafy vegetables, nuts, oilseeds, pulses, and meat (EFSA 2009, JECFA 91st). The high-concentration foods, which matter most to consumers who eat them regularly, are bivalve molluscs (other than oysters), wild mushrooms, cocoa and chocolate products, seaweed, fungi, oilseeds, and edible organ meats (kidney and liver) (EFSA 2009). Regular consumers of bivalve molluscs show mean cadmium exposures above the EFSA tolerable weekly intake at 4.6 µg/kg body weight per week; regular consumers of wild mushrooms reach 4.3 µg/kg body weight per week (EFSA 2009).
Third, three groups are at materially higher risk than the general population and should pay more attention to cadmium than reference-value-for-adults summaries suggest. Children in the 0.5 to 12 year range have mean dietary cadmium exposure approximately 60 percent higher than adults because they eat more food relative to body weight (EFSA 2009); high-percentile child exposures in Australia and the United States reach 82 to 88 percent of the JECFA provisional tolerable monthly intake, and when cocoa-product contributions are added, the total for children aged 0.5 to 12 can reach 96 percent of that reference value (JECFA 91st). Women of reproductive age with low iron stores absorb cadmium more efficiently across multiple pregnancies (Nordberg 2015, Ufelle and Barchowsky 2021). Smokers receive an internal cadmium exposure from tobacco comparable in magnitude to their dietary exposure, which roughly doubles their body burden (Nordberg 2015).
Toxicology
The primary target organ of cadmium toxicity is the kidney, specifically the proximal tubular cells of the renal cortex, where cadmium accumulates bound to metallothionein and gradually induces tubular dysfunction (Nordberg 2015, EFSA 2009). The kidney cortex concentration is approximately 1.25 times the whole-kidney concentration, reflecting the renal cortex’s role as the site of active reabsorption and therefore the tissue to which circulating cadmium-metallothionein complexes are preferentially delivered through glomerular filtration and tubular uptake (Nordberg 2015). The earliest detectable biological response is an increase in the urinary excretion of low molecular weight proteins, particularly beta-2-microglobulin, retinol binding protein, and protein HC, reflecting the loss of tubular reabsorption capacity (EFSA 2009, Nordberg 2015). Prolonged or high exposure progresses from tubular damage to decreased glomerular filtration rate and eventually to renal failure; in itai-itai disease patients, mean creatinine clearance of 42 mL/min and tubular reabsorption of phosphate of 51 percent have been observed alongside characteristic histopathology (tubular atrophy and dilatation with marked epithelial degeneration, in the absence of glomerular abnormalities at the light-microscopic level) (Nordberg 2015).
Skeletal toxicity is the second canonical endpoint. Cadmium causes bone demineralization through two mechanisms that operate in parallel: a direct effect on bone cells and mineralization, likely related to interference with calcium metabolism and with the enzyme lysyl oxidase (and therefore with bone collagen cross-linking), and an indirect effect secondary to renal dysfunction, through altered calcium and phosphate handling by the damaged kidney (Nordberg 2015). The bone effects manifest clinically as osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and increased fracture risk, with the heaviest burden falling on postmenopausal women and on populations with inadequate calcium, vitamin D, iron, zinc, or protein intake (Nordberg 2015). The combination of renal and skeletal damage in cadmium-polluted populations is what produces itai-itai disease in its severe form (see the itai-itai section below). At lower exposures, epidemiological studies have found associations between decreased bone mineral density, increased fracture risk, and urinary cadmium levels around 1 µg/g creatinine and higher (Nordberg 2015).
Cardiovascular effects are described differently by the two most current textbook sources. The Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals chapter 32 (Nordberg, Nogawa, Nordberg 2015) treats cardiovascular endpoints as contested in the literature: some human biomonitoring studies report associations between cadmium exposure and blood pressure, atherosclerosis, peripheral arterial disease, and cardiovascular mortality, while other studies do not reproduce these associations, with the chapter concluding that the evidence continues to be variable and that residual confounding, particularly by tobacco smoke, cannot be excluded in much of the positive literature. The Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology chapter 23 (Ufelle and Barchowsky 2021), published six years later, uses notably less hedged language: it describes a “strong association” between cadmium exposure and peripheral vascular disease, and raises the possibility that cadmium partially mediates the negative effect of smoking on peripheral artery disease. Both positions are recorded here without resolution; the first synthesis pass has not completed a search of the 2015-to-present cardiovascular literature that would support reconciling them. See synthesis for tracking.
Cadmium does not interact directly with DNA. Its genotoxicity operates through induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of DNA repair mechanisms (Nordberg 2015). Cadmium causes lung cancer in rats after inhalation exposure (Nordberg 2015). In humans, IARC’s Group 1 classification rests on occupational inhalation studies; dietary cadmium’s carcinogenic potential at general-population exposure levels remains an area where the dose-response evidence is suggestive but not yet quantitative, with general-population epidemiology producing statistical associations for cancers of the lung, endometrium, bladder, and breast that the major regulatory bodies have not yet translated into quantitative dose-response reference values (EFSA 2009, Nordberg 2015).
Developmental and male reproductive toxicity are separate endpoints for which cadmium has been judged a sufficient hazard to warrant listing under California’s Proposition 65 (OEHHA 1996). The 1996 OEHHA hazard identification document compiled the human and animal evidence: reduced birthweight and pre-term labor correlated with maternal blood or infant hair cadmium in human epidemiology (with the acknowledgment that confounding by lead and tobacco smoking makes isolated cadmium effects difficult to establish), decreased pup birthweight and altered postnatal development in rodents exposed in utero via oral or inhalation routes, and effects on sperm counts, testes weight, and testicular histopathology in male experimental animals (OEHHA 1996). The California DART Identification Committee’s determination on the basis of this evidence produced the Prop 65 reproductive-toxicity listing effective May 1997; the 2001 MADL of 4.1 µg/day oral implements that listing (OEHHA 2001). The developmental endpoint (Ali et al. 1986 LOEL of 0.706 mg/kg/day in rats) was controlling because it was more sensitive than the male reproductive endpoint (Laskey et al. 1980 NOEL 1 ppm) (OEHHA 2001). Casarett & Doull’s Essentials 2021 adds the observation that pregnant women appear to accumulate more cadmium than nonpregnant women, a population-level exposure-biology fact that reinforces the reproductive-toxicity endpoint’s weight (Ufelle and Barchowsky 2021).
Central and peripheral nervous system effects are plausible but less well characterized. Animal data suggest that cadmium can alter brain development when exposure occurs before the blood-brain barrier is fully established, likely through interference with zinc metabolism and with metallothionein function in neural tissue (metallothionein-3 is a brain-expressed form rich in zinc and relevant to neurodegenerative disease; cadmium can displace zinc from metallothionein-1 and metallothionein-2 but does not induce metallothionein-3) (Nordberg 2015).
Clinical treatment
There is no effective clinical treatment for cadmium intoxication (Ufelle and Barchowsky 2021). Chelation therapy for cadmium generally produces significant adverse effects and is not an established standard of care. This is a durable clinical statement and it grounds the wiki’s position on the appropriate public-health response: population-level dietary exposure reduction is the intervention available to regulators, certification programs, and consumers, not pharmacological treatment after exposure. Consumer-audience and HMT&C content on this basis is medically grounded rather than promotional.
Typical exposure routes
Dietary intake is the dominant route for the non-smoking general population (Nordberg 2015). Tobacco smoking contributes an internal exposure comparable in magnitude to dietary intake; uptake from smoking 20 cigarettes per day is approximately 2 µg of cadmium, and direct measurement in tissue shows that body burden in smokers is roughly double that of non-smokers (Nordberg 2015). House dust can be an important source of exposure for children (Nordberg 2015). Inhalation exposure in the non-smoking general population contributes only marginally to total body burden (Nordberg 2015). Dermal absorption of cadmium compounds is negligible (Jakubowski 2012).
Gastrointestinal absorption of ingested cadmium is 5 to 10 percent in humans on average, varying across a 1 to 10 percent range depending on individual factors, with low body iron stores common in women of reproductive age as the single largest upward variability factor; multiple pregnancies, preexisting health conditions, and nutritional deficiencies in zinc or calcium also raise absorption (Nordberg 2015). Pulmonary absorption of inhaled cadmium is higher, in the range of 10 to 50 percent (Nordberg 2015) or 10 to 60 percent (Ufelle and Barchowsky 2021), depending on particle size and solubility. These individual-level and route-level variability factors are incorporated into the EFSA TWI derivation through the toxicokinetic model, which is why the Panel applied no additional uncertainty factor for individual susceptibility; they are accounted for in ATSDR’s MRL derivation through the empirical environmental-exposure study base (EFSA 2009, ATSDR 2012).
Biological half-life and body burden accumulation
The biological half-life of cadmium in humans is long and has been estimated through multiple approaches. One-compartment models fit to empirical data on whole-body and renal cortex accumulation produce estimates of at least 20 years (Kjellström 1971, Tsuchiya and Sugita 1971, WHO/IPCS 1992), and this is the value most regulatory documents cite. Biopsy-based work (Akerstrom et al. 2013) has found that the half-life in the kidney depends on the cadmium burden itself: approximately 21 years at lower renal cortex concentrations (around 8 mg/kg) and approximately 43 years at higher concentrations (around 23 mg/kg). In urinary cadmium measurements from a Japanese cadmium-polluted region, half-lives of approximately 14 years and 24 years have been estimated for men and women respectively (Suwasono et al. 2009). Jakubowski 2012 gives the summary range as 10 to 30 years, consistent with the above.
Eight-compartment physiologically based toxicokinetic models (Kjellström and Nordberg 1978, Nordberg and Kjellström 1979) are used by ATSDR and by Thun et al. 1991 for quantitative risk assessment, with age-dependent amendments (Choudhury et al. 2001) that ATSDR explicitly adopted in the 2012 Toxicological Profile. These models take transfers between muscle, liver, and kidney into account, with short component half-lives (8 to 14 years for extra-renal tissues) and the dominant long-half-life component in the kidney. The practical consequence for wiki content is that cadmium body burden in a 50-year-old reflects dietary exposure over essentially the whole of adult life, not recent intake; population-level interventions to reduce exposure operate on timescales of decades, not months.
The renal cortex concentration typically reaches a peak near age 55 under conditions of lifetime constant intake. This is the anchor age for the ATSDR chronic oral MRL derivation and for the EFSA TWI’s kinetic back-translation, both of which calibrate their dietary-intake reference values against the kidney burden at this peak.
Food sources
Major dietary contributors to population cadmium exposure, identified by EFSA’s analysis of approximately 140,000 European occurrence samples collected 2003 to 2007 and consumption data from EFSA’s Concise European Food Consumption database, are cereals and cereal products, vegetables, nuts and pulses, starchy roots and potatoes, and meat and meat products. These categories dominate because of high consumption volumes rather than because they carry the highest cadmium concentrations. The JECFA 91st meeting 2022 reanalysis using the GEMS/Food database (277,292 cleaned records covering 10 of 17 GEMS/Food cluster diets) confirms the same commodity list across the international regional diets, with rice, wheat, root vegetables, tuber vegetables, leafy vegetables, other vegetables, and molluscs collectively accounting for 40 to 85 percent of total mean dietary cadmium exposure depending on regional diet.
The foods with the highest cadmium concentrations, rather than the highest contribution to exposure, are seaweed, fish and seafood (particularly bivalve molluscs other than oysters), chocolate and cocoa, foods for special dietary uses, fungi, oilseeds, and edible offal (especially kidney and liver). These food categories produce substantial per-serving exposure even at moderate consumption levels; regular consumers of bivalve molluscs showed a mean cadmium exposure of 4.6 µg/kg b.w./week and regular consumers of wild mushrooms 4.3 µg/kg b.w./week, both well above the EFSA mean of 2.3.
The 91st meeting of JECFA, convened in November 2020 at the request of the Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods, substantially updated the evidence base for cocoa and cocoa-derived products. Occurrence data submitted to the Committee in 2019 showed higher mean cadmium concentrations in cocoa products than had been recognized in the JECFA 77th meeting 2013 cocoa-specific assessment. The updated analysis estimated that cocoa-product contributions push total dietary cadmium exposure in children aged 0.5 to 12 years to as high as 96 percent of the JECFA provisional tolerable monthly intake, essentially saturating the international reference value from dietary sources alone. Cocoa powder specifically drove a high-percentile (P97.5) exposure of 12 µg/kg b.w./month in European children aged 7 to 11. Cocoa, cocoa powder, and chocolate are therefore priority ingredient-page targets when the ingredient wave begins.
Cadmium accumulates in plants through root uptake from soil. The use of phosphate fertilizers, which contain cadmium as a trace contaminant of the phosphate rock, has progressively elevated agricultural soil cadmium levels across much of Europe (Nordberg 2015, Jakubowski 2012). Local contamination from mining, smelting, and sewage-sludge application can produce substantially higher soil concentrations in hotspot areas, with corresponding elevation in locally produced food (Nordberg 2015).
For rice specifically, irrigation regime is an emerging cadmium-risk driver that interacts with the established arsenic story. Soil redox conditions controlled by water management drive opposite accumulation dynamics: flooded paddies suppress Cd and favor iAs; aerobic or alternate-wetting-and-drying (AWD) paddies suppress iAs and favor Cd. Two companion field studies from the University of Delaware RICE facility quantify the trade-off. Limmer and Seyfferth 2024 reports Cd ranges of approximately 10 to 150 µg/kg dw in polished grain across six irrigation treatments, with continuously flooded plots at the low end and aerobic management at the high end. Seyfferth et al. 2025 found that the driest paddy conditions exceeded the Codex Cd maximum level of 0.4 mg/kg in polished grain in both years of the study. As AWD adoption scales globally in response to climate adaptation pressure, the cadmium dimension of rice contamination may grow relative to the arsenic dimension that has historically defined regulatory attention. See climate-metals-tradeoffs for the full synthesis and rice (irrigation-management cadmium risk section).
Industrial cadmium production and use is itself a major upstream driver of environmental cadmium loading. Global cadmium production declined from approximately 22,000 metric tons per year at the early-2000s peak to approximately 16,000 metric tons per year by the 2012 period (Jakubowski 2012). The dominant uses are electrode material in nickel-cadmium batteries (77 percent), pigments (11 percent), protective plating on steel (8 percent), and alloys (4 percent). Ambient air cadmium concentrations reflect this industrial footprint: remote areas at 0.1 to 1 ng/m³, rural areas at 0.1 to 5, urban areas at 1 to 20, with higher concentrations in proximity to cadmium-emitting industrial sources.
What this means for food choice
The population-level dietary contributors to cadmium exposure are foods most people cannot and should not avoid. Rice, wheat, potatoes, leafy vegetables, nuts, and meat are nutritional staples, and the cadmium they deliver to an average adult diet is at or slightly above the European tolerable weekly intake of 2.5 µg/kg body weight per week (EFSA 2009). The appropriate consumer response to this baseline is not avoidance of staples but attention to the high-concentration foods and high-exposure behaviors that push a person above the population average.
The foods and behaviors that materially raise an individual’s cadmium exposure above the population average:
- Regular consumption of bivalve molluscs other than oysters (clams, mussels, scallops, cockles) at mean levels that place regular consumers at approximately twice the EFSA mean dietary exposure (EFSA 2009).
- Regular consumption of wild mushrooms, which can concentrate cadmium from their substrate at levels that place regular consumers similarly elevated (EFSA 2009).
- Regular consumption of organ meats (kidney and liver of cattle, pigs, horses), which are the tissues where cadmium accumulates most in food animals (EFSA 2009, Nordberg 2015).
- Cocoa powder and chocolate products consumed frequently, particularly by children in the 0.5 to 12 year range, for whom cocoa alone can drive a 97.5th-percentile exposure of 12 µg/kg body weight per month on top of dietary intake from other sources (JECFA 91st).
- Tobacco smoking, which contributes an internal cadmium exposure comparable in magnitude to dietary intake (approximately 2 µg of cadmium per 20 cigarettes), roughly doubling body burden in smokers (Nordberg 2015).
- Locally-produced food from areas with historic mining, smelting, or sewage-sludge-amended agriculture (Nordberg 2015).
The framing for consumer choice is not “safe versus dangerous” but “your total weekly exposure, summed across diet, environment, and smoking, relative to the reference values you find most credible.” Consumers who would like to benchmark their own exposure to the tighter reference values (ATSDR chronic oral MRL of 0.1 µg/kg/day, which is approximately 0.7 µg/kg b.w. per week) should treat the population-level dietary staples as their baseline exposure and actively manage the high-concentration items above (ATSDR 2012).
Regulatory limits
Reference values and maximum levels established to date, with more to populate as ingests complete:
| Jurisdiction / Body | Type | Value | Page |
|---|---|---|---|
| US ATSDR | Chronic oral MRL | 0.1 µg Cd/kg/day | atsdr-cadmium-mrls |
| US ATSDR | Intermediate oral MRL | 0.5 µg Cd/kg/day | atsdr-cadmium-mrls |
| US ATSDR | Chronic inhalation MRL | 0.01 µg Cd/m³ | atsdr-cadmium-mrls |
| US ATSDR | Acute inhalation MRL | 0.03 µg Cd/m³ | atsdr-cadmium-mrls |
| EFSA (EU) | TWI | 2.5 µg/kg b.w./week | efsa-cadmium-twi |
| EU | Binding maximum levels in food commodities | Regulation-specific by matrix: infant formula 5-20 ug/kg depending format/protein source; baby food and processed cereal-based infant/young-child food 40 ug/kg; rice/quinoa/wheat bran/wheat gluten 150 ug/kg; cereals general 100 ug/kg; spinach/herbs 200 ug/kg; sunflower/linseed 500 ug/kg; cocoa powder 600 ug/kg; chocolate 100-800 ug/kg by cocoa solids; bivalves 1000 ug/kg; liver 500 ug/kg; kidney 1000 ug/kg | eu-2023-915-cadmium |
| JECFA (international) | PTMI | 25 µg/kg b.w./month (≈ 5.83/week equivalent) | jecfa-cadmium-ptmi |
| US EPA | IRIS oral RfD (food) | 1 × 10⁻³ mg/kg/day (1.0 µg/kg/day) | epa-iris-cadmium-rfd |
| US EPA | IRIS oral RfD (water) | 5 × 10⁻⁴ mg/kg/day (0.5 µg/kg/day) | epa-iris-cadmium-rfd |
| US California | Prop 65 MADL (oral, reproductive toxicity) | 4.1 µg/day | oehha-cadmium-prop65 |
| Codex Alimentarius | ML for cadmium in quinoa (CCCF17 2024, CAC47 adoption) | 0.15 mg/kg | codex-cadmium-mls |
| Codex Alimentarius | Matrix-level MLs (CXS 193-1995) | Polished rice 0.4 mg/kg; wheat 0.2; leafy vegetables 0.2; root and tuber 0.1; pulses 0.1; bivalve molluscs 2; cocoa powder 2.0; chocolate 0.3-0.9 by cocoa-solid percentage; full table in source page | Codex CXS 193-1995 |
| US FDA | CTZ action levels | Pending ingest | fda-closer-to-zero (Pb rules ingested; Cd document pending) |
The four dietary-reference values on the daily per-body-weight scale that are comparable to one another: ATSDR chronic oral MRL 0.1 µg/kg/day (tightest, anchored on a UCDL10 of 0.5 µg/g creatinine with a toxicokinetic translation to 0.33 µg/kg/day in females at age 55 and an uncertainty factor of 3 for human variability); EFSA TWI 2.5 µg/kg b.w./week (daily equivalent 0.36, anchored on a BMDL5 of 4 µg U-Cd/g creatinine with a chemical-specific adjustment factor of 3.9 and a kinetic back-translation); JECFA PTMI 25 µg/kg b.w./month (daily equivalent 0.83, established at the 73rd meeting in 2010 with a monthly averaging window reflecting cadmium’s long half-life); EPA IRIS oral RfD 1 × 10⁻³ mg/kg/day for food (1.0 µg/kg/day, from the 1989 IRIS record verified directly from the EPA IRIS database). The factor-of-10 range across the four values reflects different methodological choices on overlapping primary literature, not disagreements on underlying toxicology; the ordering tightest-to-most-permissive is ATSDR → EFSA → JECFA → EPA IRIS.
ATSDR itself notes (p. 43 of the 2012 profile) that its chronic oral MRL is below the estimated age-weighted US dietary cadmium intake of approximately 0.3 µg/kg/day, and that the UCDL10 point of departure is approximately twofold above the CDC 2011 US adult geometric mean urinary cadmium of 0.247 µg/g creatinine. The tightest regulatory reference value is below typical US exposure. This is a load-bearing fact for any defensibility argument that rests on the wiki’s synthesis.
What the reference values mean in practice
A consumer reading the table above and wondering which number to use as a benchmark for personal decision-making is asking the right question, and it does not have a single answer. Each of the four major dietary cadmium reference values is defensible within its own methodological frame, and a consumer should choose among them based on the level of precaution that matches their own situation.
The tightest reference, ATSDR’s chronic oral MRL at 0.1 µg Cd per kilogram body weight per day, is the appropriate benchmark for a consumer who prioritizes margin of safety, who is a member of a vulnerable subpopulation (pregnancy, childhood, smokers, high-seafood or high-cocoa consumption), or who is accumulating cadmium body burden that will continue to compound over decades (ATSDR 2012). For a 70 kilogram adult, this reference corresponds to approximately 7 µg of cadmium per day. Typical US dietary cadmium intake is estimated at approximately 0.3 µg per kilogram body weight per day, or 21 µg per day for the same adult (ATSDR 2012). The ATSDR reference value is approximately one-third of typical US intake.
The EFSA tolerable weekly intake at 2.5 µg/kg body weight per week, which is the operative reference value across the European Union, corresponds to approximately 175 µg per week for the 70 kg adult, or approximately 25 µg per day. Typical European dietary cadmium intake sits close to or slightly above this reference value at the population mean (2.3 µg/kg b.w./week); the European Panel’s risk characterization states that population-level cadmium exposure should be reduced (EFSA 2009).
The JECFA provisional tolerable monthly intake of 25 µg/kg b.w./month, which is the international reference value Codex standards are aligned to, corresponds to approximately 1,750 µg per month for the 70 kg adult, or approximately 58 µg per day (JECFA 91st). This value is the most permissive of the four daily-equivalent dietary references on the wiki.
A consumer’s practical choice: if your dietary pattern is high in seafood (particularly bivalve molluscs), wild mushrooms, organ meats, or cocoa, or if you are pregnant or a frequent smoker, calibrate your attention to the ATSDR value and consider the EFSA value as a secondary reference. If your dietary pattern is European and typical of a Member State average, the EFSA TWI is the operative regulatory reference in your jurisdiction and the benchmark that informs national-level exposure-reduction policy. The JECFA value is more appropriate as a benchmark for regulators considering trade-standard harmonization than for individual dietary decisions.
Testing
Analytical methods in use across the occurrence and biomonitoring literature span flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS, detection limits 0.8 to 12.5 µg/L), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, detection limits 0.1 to 1 µg/L), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS, detection limits 0.002 to 0.02 µg/L), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, detection limits 0.00001 to 0.001 µg/L). The four-order-of-magnitude range in detection limits across methods is material for what wiki claims about cadmium occurrence can actually be supported by individual data points: FAAS data at 20 µg/L and ICP-MS data at 0.1 µg/L both encode “non-detect” by different thresholds, and pooled datasets must be handled carefully to avoid false precision. FDA’s Toxic Elements Program uses an ICP-MS method; the ATSDR 2012 profile uses an ICP-MS protocol for biomonitoring; the NIOSH Method 7048 for occupational air cadmium uses flame AAS at 228.8 nm with deuterium background correction, producing a working range of 0.1 to 2 mg/m³ at 25 L air-sample volume.
Biomonitoring for exposure assessment typically measures cadmium in whole blood (reflecting recent exposure with a few-month memory) or urine (reflecting body burden and cumulative exposure over years, normalized to urinary creatinine). The EFSA TWI derivation, the ATSDR chronic oral MRL derivation, and the JECFA PTMI all use urinary cadmium normalized to creatinine as the exposure metric. Reference intervals and clinical action levels for urinary β2-microglobulin as a tubular-dysfunction biomarker use an upper limit of 300 µg/g creatinine (Jakubowski 2012). See Jakubowski 2012 for the occupational sampling-procedure detail (NIOSH Method 7048, urine sample handling requirements, matrix-modifier protocols for GFAAS urinary cadmium).
A dedicated wiki/testing/ section with detailed method-specific pages will be stood up in a later wave.
Microbiome effects
Pending. The metal-microbiome literature for cadmium will enter through dedicated microbiome ingests and the Handbook chapter; the wikibiome_crosswalk anchors are tentatively cadmium-gut-axis and cadmium-dysbiosis.
Historical context: itai-itai disease
Itai-itai disease is the most severe clinical presentation of chronic dietary cadmium poisoning documented in the human record, and the historical event that established cadmium’s renal and skeletal toxicity as a paired public-health concern rather than two separate endpoints (Nordberg 2015). It occurred in the Jinzu River basin of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, from the 1950s onward, in a population exposed to cadmium primarily through the consumption of rice and other produce grown in paddies and fields irrigated with water contaminated by effluent from a zinc mine upstream (Nordberg 2015). The clinical picture combines renal injury (both tubular and glomerular dysfunction, with urinary excretion of low molecular weight proteins elevated several-thousand-fold above normal, together with glucosuria and general aminoaciduria) and skeletal injury (osteomalacia and osteoporosis severe enough to produce spontaneous bone fractures, with the associated moderate-to-severe anemia and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase characteristic of active bone disease) (Nordberg 2015).
Through 2011, 196 cadmium-exposure cases had been officially recognized as itai-itai disease (3 men and 193 women), with an additional 255 subjects (46 men and 209 women) requiring observation for the condition (Nordberg 2015). The overwhelming sex-skew toward postmenopausal women reflects the combined vulnerability of calcium-depleted skeletons and iron-deficiency-enhanced cadmium absorption across multiple pregnancies and lactations, against a dietary pattern with limited zinc and calcium (Nordberg 2015). Renal tubular injury is highly prevalent across the broader Jinzu basin population beyond the diagnosed cases: urinary B2M concentrations exceeded 4 mg/L in 71 to 74 percent of residents aged 50 to 59 in the most heavily polluted district, and in 91 to 100 percent of residents 70 years of age or older (Nordberg 2015). At least 16 itai-itai-like cases have been reported from other cadmium-polluted regions outside the Jinzu basin (Nordberg 2015).
The disease is the historical anchor for every regulatory cadmium reference value derived since the 1970s. The Kjellström-Nordberg toxicokinetic model was developed in the same period in direct response to the Jinzu epidemic (Nordberg 2015). The EFSA, JECFA, ATSDR, and EPA IRIS derivations all operate against the Jinzu cohort and the subsequent environmental-exposure epidemiology that extended the observations to less-polluted populations (EFSA 2009, ATSDR 2012, JECFA 91st). The modern wiki content on cadmium’s renal and skeletal endpoints descends, through those regulatory derivations, from this clinical cohort.
Vulnerable populations
Populations for which cadmium exposure warrants particular attention, synthesized across the ingested sources:
| Population | Basis |
|---|---|
| Children aged 0.5 to 12 | Mean dietary exposure approximately 60 percent higher than adults due to greater food intake relative to body weight; UK toddlers aged 1.5 to 4.5 had exposure 165 percent higher than adults (FSA 2009 TDS); high-percentile cocoa-inclusive total dietary exposure reaches 96 percent of the JECFA PTMI (JECFA 91st meeting 2022) |
| Women of reproductive age with low iron stores | Gastrointestinal absorption of cadmium is substantially elevated with low iron status; pregnant women appear to accumulate more cadmium than nonpregnant women (Ufelle and Barchowsky 2021) |
| Postmenopausal women | Overwhelming sex-skew in itai-itai disease (193 of 196 recognized patients); skeletal vulnerability to cadmium-induced bone demineralization peaks after menopause |
| Vegetarians | Mean dietary exposure up to 5.4 µg/kg b.w./week, from high cereal, nut, oilseed, and pulse consumption (EFSA 2009) |
| Regular consumers of bivalve molluscs | Mean exposure 4.6 µg/kg b.w./week (EFSA 2009), approximately twofold above the EFSA TWI of 2.5 |
| Regular consumers of wild mushrooms | Mean exposure 4.3 µg/kg b.w./week (EFSA 2009) |
| Frequent cocoa and chocolate consumers, particularly children | JECFA 91st meeting 2022 finding: cocoa powder alone drives a P97.5 exposure of 12 µg/kg b.w./month in European children aged 7 to 11; cocoa-inclusive total dietary exposure reaches 96 percent of PTMI for children 0.5 to 12 |
| Residents of hotspot areas | Locally produced food near historic or active mining, smelting, or sewage-sludge-amended agriculture can carry substantially elevated cadmium |
| Smokers | Tobacco smoking produces an internal cadmium exposure comparable in magnitude to dietary intake; body burden in smokers is approximately twofold that of non-smokers |
| Occupationally exposed workers | Nickel-cadmium battery production, pigment manufacture, electroplating, zinc smelting, non-ferrous metal refining; current occupational air limits 2 to 5 mg/m³ respirable fraction per Jakubowski 2012; chronic occupational inhalation exposure produces renal tubular dysfunction, obstructive lung disease, and increased lung cancer risk |
If you are in one of these groups
The vulnerable-populations framing is not advice to avoid food; it is a framing to help a reader understand whether reference values derived for the general population apply to them or whether their own exposure profile calls for more attention. Three practical implications for consumers who recognize themselves on the list above.
For pregnant and potentially-pregnant women, two facts matter. First, iron deficiency (common in women of reproductive age) raises cadmium absorption from the gut, so correcting iron status through diet or supplementation is itself a cadmium exposure reduction. Second, the California OEHHA Maximum Allowable Daily Level of 4.1 µg per day oral is derived specifically from a developmental-toxicity endpoint and is therefore the most directly relevant regulatory reference for this population; products carrying a California Proposition 65 warning for cadmium are products that, at typical use, would exceed this level.
For parents of children under 12, frequent cocoa-product consumption is the single most consequential dietary variable under parental control. The JECFA 91st meeting 2022 assessment finds that cocoa powder and chocolate products can drive a high-percentile exposure that, combined with whole-diet cadmium, reaches 96 percent of the international tolerable monthly intake in this age group. Moderating cocoa-product frequency is a higher-leverage intervention than modifying any other single food category.
For people who regularly eat bivalve molluscs, wild mushrooms, or organ meats, the population-level mean exposure exceeds the EFSA tolerable weekly intake by approximately twofold, and the ATSDR chronic oral Minimal Risk Level by a larger factor. If these foods are cultural or nutritional staples rather than occasional choices, calibrating attention to the ATSDR reference value rather than to the more permissive EFSA or JECFA values is the more protective posture.
App-layer integration
Machine-readable takeaways from this synthesis for the Heavy Metal Index consumer app pipeline.
Population-level contamination-profile confidence is high for cereals (rice, wheat), potatoes and other starchy roots, leafy vegetables, nuts, oilseeds, pulses, meat, and offal, on the basis of the 140,000-sample EFSA occurrence dataset (2003 to 2007) and the 277,292-record JECFA GEMS/Food dataset (2011 onward). For these commodities, contamination-profile populated states with confidence: high and n_studies: many are appropriate once ingredient pages are stood up. Cocoa powder, cocoa products, and chocolate carry high-confidence occurrence data from the JECFA 91st meeting 2022 but require specific handling because the 2019 occurrence data showed higher concentrations than the 77th meeting 2013 values; ingredient pages should cite the 2022 values.
For app exposure estimation, the 90th percentile consumption values from EFSA (adults) and the JECFA GEMS/Food cluster diets provide default per-commodity serving sizes, but pediatric multipliers are required: children aged 0.5 to 12 should use approximately 1.6x adult per-kg intake by default, with the toddler-specific multiplier approximately 2.65x (UK FSA 2009 finding that toddlers 1.5 to 4.5 years had exposure 165 percent higher than adults) (EFSA 2009).
For app risk-scoring against reference values, the four reference values in order of increasing daily-equivalent permissiveness are:
| Reference | Daily equivalent (µg/kg b.w./day) |
|---|---|
| ATSDR chronic oral MRL | 0.1 |
| EFSA TWI daily-equivalent | approximately 0.36 |
| JECFA PTMI daily-equivalent | approximately 0.83 |
| EPA IRIS oral RfD (food, 1985, pending primary ingest) | approximately 1.0 |
The app should allow a user to choose which reference value they want to benchmark against, default to the ATSDR value for conservative estimation, and never silently average across reference values. For the vulnerable-population flag layer, flag users in pregnancy, childhood (0.5 to 12), frequent-smoker, and high-seafood/high-cocoa categories against the ATSDR value specifically, and render the OEHHA Prop 65 MADL of 4.1 µg/day as a product-labeling cross-reference for California-market products.
Structured outputs the app can consume directly, in addition to the reference-value table:
- Absorption fractions: GI 5 to 10 percent (general population, with 1 to 10 percent individual range), pulmonary 10 to 50 to 60 percent; use midpoint of 7.5 percent GI for default dose estimation, 10 percent for low-iron or pregnancy flags.
- Biological half-life default: 20 years (regulatory convention); use 21 to 43 year range for high-exposure percentiles when kidney-concentration-dependent kinetics matter.
- Peak renal cortex concentration age: 55 years; use this as the reference age for lifetime-cumulative exposure estimates.
- Smoking cadmium contribution: approximately 2 µg per 20 cigarettes absorbed internally; treat as additive to dietary intake for smoker users.
Open questions
Five load-bearing open questions tracked on synthesis, surfaced during ingest of the initial cadmium batch:
First, the four major dietary reference values (ATSDR chronic oral MRL, EFSA TWI, JECFA PTMI, EPA IRIS oral RfD) differ by up to approximately a factor of 8 on overlapping primary literature. The synthesis page tracks the methodological choices that drive the differences. HMT&C certification-threshold decisions cannot silently average across the four; they must name which reference they calibrate to and why. The EFSA 2011 reaffirming statement, which articulates the EU-side explanation for the divergence from JECFA, is not yet in the corpus and is flagged for future ingest.
Second, dietary cadmium carcinogenicity dose-response remains unresolved. IARC maintains the Group 1 classification on the basis of occupational inhalation studies; general-population epidemiology produces statistical associations for cancers of the lung, endometrium, bladder, and breast; EFSA 2009 judged the data insufficient for quantitative dose-response modeling. The synthesis needs to surface the uncertainty without under- or over-claiming on cancer risk.
Third, the cardiovascular endpoint has shifted in framing between the 2015 Handbook chapter (“variable” evidence) and the 2021 Casarett Essentials chapter (“strong association”). The wiki records both positions without resolution pending a 2015-to-present literature search.
Fourth, the EPA IRIS cadmium assessment provenance gap: the raw PDF labeled “EPA_IRIS_Cadmium_ToxicologicalReview.pdf” is a 1999 external review draft that was never adopted; the operative 1985 IRIS record remains the canonical US EPA reference, but is not in the corpus. The 1999 draft is flagged for a future historical ingest wave.
Fifth, the Codex standards landscape is now substantially covered. Matrix-level Codex cadmium MLs are captured in CXS 193-1995, and the cocoa-cadmium Code of Practice is captured in CXC 81-2022 (the precedent document that anchors the broader CoP work initiated at CCCF17 2024).
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The “Used on this page for” column is populated by the orchestrator’s POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Abdulrasheed et al. 2026. Preliminary assessment of toxic metals in cookware, moulding materials and soils from manufacturing sites in southwest Nigeria, with evaluation of cookware leaching potential, BMC Chemistry | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr occurrence in Four informally manufactured cookware samples, six moulding materials, and seventeen soil samples from cookware manufacturing sites in Saki,… (n=4) |
| 2 | Albishi et al. 2026. In vitro evaluation of bio-fortification effects on the nutritional quality, toxicological safety, and antioxidant of cassava (Manihot esculenta) flour, and environmental safety of processing water, using natural additives, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in biofortified Nigerian cassava flour (57–63 µg/kg DW control; up to 70% reduction with natural additive treatments), all values below WHO/FAO ML |
| 3 | Albuquerque et al. 2026. More Danger Than Meets the Eye: Potentially Toxic Element Contamination in Fish from the Western Pará Poses Significant Hazards to Local Communities, ACS Omega | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Cd alongside As, Hg, and Pb in 398 Amazonian fish specimens (6 species) from a gold-mining and bauxite-mining region of Brazil; Cd not the primary driver of risk (Hg and As dominate) |
| 4 | ANSES 2026. Opinion of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety on the results of the Third French Total Diet Study (TDS3) - Acrylamide, aluminium, silver, cadmium, mercury and lead, ANSES Opinion, Request No 2019-SA-0010 | 2026 | Government report | FR Al, Ag, Cd, Pb, tHg, iHg, MeHg occurrence in French TDS3 foods selected from 276 foods across 44 groups, with 718 samples collected in Loiret, Puy-de-Dome, and… (n=718) |
| 5 | Armand et al. 2026. Probabilistic carcinogenic and health risk assessment of heavy metals in lettuce and cabbage from Behbahan, Iran, using Monte Carlo simulation, Scientific Reports | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni occurrence in Retail lettuce and cabbage from 10 stores in Behbahan, Khuzestan Province, southern Iran; 20 samples per vegetable type,… (n=40) |
| 6 | Babayo et al. 2026. Contamination Factor, Metal Pollution Index and Estimated Daily Intake of Heavy Metals in Some Selected Energy Drinks in Nigeria, IRE Journals | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Co occurrence in Thirty commercially available energy-drink samples purchased from supermarkets, retail stores, and street vendors in Nigeria, comprising 23 liquid… (n=30) |
| 7 | Begday et al. 2026. Integral assessment of the environmental safety of plant-based milk alternatives based on heavy metal analysis, Izvestiya KGTU (KSTU News) | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | RU Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu occurrence in Eight plant-based milk samples assessed on the Russian market: four commercial ready-to-drink beverages (one each of almond, rice,… (n=8) |
| 8 | Brima et al. 2026. Analysis of essential and toxic elements in tap and bottled water from the UK and its comparison with literature data for drinking water from African countries: implications for human health, African Journal of Agriculture and Food Science | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | GB Cd, Pb, tAs, tHg occurrence in 45 bottled drinking water and 48 tap drinking water samples from Leicester, UK (n=93) |
| 9 | Ccopi et al. 2026. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in high Andean crops of the Peruvian Andes: comparative evaluation between irrigated and dry systems, Journal of Agriculture and Food Research | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in seven Andean crop types (potato, broad bean, maize, quinoa, barley, carrot, alfalfa) from Mantaro Valley, Peru; irrigated soils showed higher Cd; potato and broad bean exceeded Codex MLs; quinoa and broad bean had BAF >1 for Cd |
| 10 | Charfi et al. 2026. Food safety in the production of olive oils. Presence of heavy metals and phthalic acid esters using different types of packaging, Journal of Food Science and Technology | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | ES Pb, Cd, Ni, tAs, Al, Cr occurrence in Commercial Spanish olive oil samples (extra virgin, virgin, olive oil, olive pomace oil) purchased from the Spanish market… (n=18) |
| 11 | Chaura et al. 2026. Nutritional and Biochemical Diversity in Beans Accessions from Three Phaseolus Species Using Multiomics Characterization, ACS Nutrition Science | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 46 Phaseolus bean accessions (3 species); mean Cd 11–36 ppb across species with one P. vulgaris outlier (134 ppb); P. acutifolius showed highest mean Cd among species |
| 12 | Chronchol et al. 2026. Trace Element Intake from Dairy-Free Infant Porridges, Nutrients 2026, 18, 333 | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (alongside Pb and Hg) in 105 samples of commercial dairy-free infant porridges from Poland; estimates Cd intake relative to tolerable weekly intake for infants 0.5–3 years |
| 13 | FDA 2026. Analytical Results for Toxic Elements in Infant Formula, FY2023-FY2025 Special Survey, FDA analytical results table | 2026 | Government dataset | Cd in 312 infant formula samples (FY2023–FY2025) covering non-soy powder, soy-based powder, RTF non-soy, and RTF soy-based formats; measured as-prepared (prepared-for-feeding basis) |
| 14 | Good et al. 2026. Comparative exposure and risk assessment of heavy metals, nutrients, and organochlorine pesticides in cow and plant-based milks, Scientific Reports | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | US Cr, tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Twenty-two commercially available milk products purchased from major grocery retailers in Houston, Texas, USA. Eight milk-type categories: cow… (n=22) |
| 15 | Muhammed et al. 2026. Determination of essential and toxic elements in black teas sold in Turkiye, Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | TR Al, Pb, tAs, Cd, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn occurrence in Eight black tea brands sold in Turkiye, analyzed as dry leaves and infusions |
| 16 | Hamza et al. 2026. Analysis of Heavy Metals and Health Risk Assessment of Selected Energy Drinks in Nigeria, International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Co occurrence in Thirty energy drinks (23 liquid and 7 powdered) randomly purchased from local markets in Nigeria. Samples are labelled… (n=30) |
| 17 | Hernández-Montoya et al. 2026. Heavy Metal Contamination in Foods: Advances in Detection Technologies, Regulatory Challenges, Health Risks, and Implications for Sustainable Food Safety, Sustainability | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | codex/EU/US Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, MeHg, Ni occurrence in Scoping review of 121 peer-reviewed studies (Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar; published… |
| 18 | Ioniță et al. 2026. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Plant Responses to Heavy Metal Stress in Mining-Impacted Environments, Plants | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, tAs, Ni, Cr, Cr-VI occurrence in Narrative synthesis review; no primary measurements. |
| 19 | Jaiswal et al. 2026. A review of metal(loid) contamination in breast milk: from environmental exposure to infants’ perils, Environmental Monitoring and Contaminants Research | 2026 | Review | Global tAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, tHg, MeHg occurrence in Narrative review of published studies reporting quantitative As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg concentrations in human breast milk… |
| 20 | Jaramillo-Mazo et al. 2026. Integrating natural gradients and controlled assays to reveal bacterial responses to cadmium in Theobroma cacao L., soils, PLoS One | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Cd-responsive rhizosphere bacteria in Colombian cacao soils (n=225 samples, soil Cd up to 4.3 mg/kg); identifies specific taxa associated with Cd tolerance and translocation from soil to bean |
| 21 | Ji et al. 2026. Assessing spatial variability and source identification of heavy metals in agricultural soils: A geostatistical and multivariate analysis of coastal eastern Zhejiang, China, PLOS ONE | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 877 agricultural soil samples from eastern Zhejiang, China (mean 0.18 mg/kg; hotspot exceedances up to 7.42× background); source apportionment linking Cd to agricultural and anthropogenic inputs |
| 22 | Katrynska et al. 2026. Human Milk as a Biomonitor of Toxic Metal Exposure: Sources, Transfer Mechanisms, and Implications for Infant Health — A Review, Nutrients | 2026 | Review | Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Cr, Al occurrence in Structured narrative review with systematic search; 112 studies included from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (2010–2025), globally distributed |
| 23 | Kim et al. 2026. Combined exposure to lead, methylmercury, and cadmium impairs spatial memory and dopaminergic signaling in mouse hippocampus, Frontiers in Public Health | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Mouse neurotoxicity study showing combined Pb/MeHg/Cd exposure (28 days, drinking water) produces synergistic hippocampal dopamine suppression and spatial memory deficits greater than any single metal |
| 24 | Largueza et al. 2026. Essential and Potentially Toxic Elements in Commercial Milk Formulas: Health Risk Assessment Through a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Biological Trace Element Research | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | BR/EU/US Al, iAs, tAs, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, MeHg, Mn, Ni, Pb, U, Zn occurrence in Systematic review with meta-analysis of 30 observational studies (PRISMA, OSF.IO/2YNKB registered), 18 with pooled meta-analysis data, covering three… (n=30) |
| 25 | Lawluvi et al. 2026. Maternal geophagy in Ghana: heavy metal exposure and health risks during pregnancy, Frontiers in Public Health | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Review of Cd (and Pb, As, Cr, Hg) in geophagic clays consumed by pregnant Ghanaian women; documents transplacental transfer risk and exceedances of food safety reference values in bioaccessibility studies |
| 26 | Li et al. 2026. Heavy metal concentrations in Chinese chicken eggs: insights from comparative study of urban and mining areas, PeerJ | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cr, tAs, Cd, Pb, Ni occurrence in 70 free-range eggs from 4 non-mining cities and 3 mining areas (Wuchuan mercury mine, Danzhai mercury mine, Emin… (n=90) |
| 27 | Marcelino et al. 2026. Monitoring trace minerals and heavy metals in liver of free-living large herbivores in the Netherlands, Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (and Pb, As) in livers of 346 Heck cattle, red deer, and Konik horses at Oostvaardersplassen over 20 years (2003–2023); species-specific hepatic Cd reference intervals relevant to edible offal risk |
| 28 | Mgbemena et al. 2026. Nutrient exploration and heavy metal risk assessment of baby milk and infant formulae sold within Umuahia metropolis, Nigeria, Scientific Reports 16: 13751 | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr occurrence in 8 Baby Milk (milk-based) and 12 Infant Formulae (cereal-based) purchased from Shopright and local groceries in Umuahia, Abia… (n=20) |
| 29 | Montejo-Custodio et al. 2026. Geochemical-hydrological assessment of municipal solid waste disposal site to identify environmental risk areas, Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | MX V, Ba, Ni, Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn occurrence in Thirteen soil samples from a Reforma de Pineda, Oaxaca municipal solid-waste landfill and adjacent mango cultivation plot, plus… (n=16) |
| 30 | Bhanu et al. 2026. Seasonal Fluctuation of Heavy Metals in Water & Fish Tissues, Transformative Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal (TEMJ) | 2026 | Review | Pb, Cd, tHg, Ni, Cr, tAs occurrence in Theoretical review; no original measurements |
| 31 | Nencioni et al. 2026. In Vitro Analysis of Heavy Metal Adsorption by Zeolite Skin Care Formulations Using a Quality by Design Approach, Materials 19: 685 | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, Ni occurrence in Twelve Franz diffusion cells using a single prototype zeolite-containing cream (3 g zeolite per 100 g cream; 17.3%… (n=12) |
| 32 | Olowoyo et al. 2026. Heavy Metals Burden in Drinking Water: Global Patterns, Sources, and Public Health Implications, Water 18(8): 886 | 2026 | Review | global Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Cr, Al occurrence in Systematic review of peer-reviewed studies published 2015–2024 on heavy metals in four water source types globally |
| 33 | Ozkutlu et al. 2026. Roles of Soil and Foliar Spray of Zinc Nutrition in Cadmium Reduction of Wheat Grain, ACS Omega | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Zn soil and foliar application reduces Cd in durum wheat grain by up to 70% at low soil Cd doses but only 9–11% at high doses (5 mg Cd/kg soil); establishes practical ceiling of Zn-based Cd mitigation |
| 34 | Pane et al. 2026. Probiotic detoxification of heavy metals: functional assessment in simulated intestinal and ex vivo models, Frontiers in Microbiology | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | IT/BE/NL Cd, Cr, tHg, Pb occurrence in Bioremediation study evaluating three single-strain probiotic lactobacilli (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP14 / DSM 33401; Lactobacillus acidophilus LA12 / LMG… |
| 35 | Porwollik et al. 2026. The quality and safety of Rhodiola rosea supplements on the U.S. market: An analysis of biomarkers, heavy metals, and pesticide residues, PLoS One | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (alongside As, Pb, Hg) in 10 U.S. Rhodiola rosea supplement products; first published U.S. market survey for this botanical; tinctures showed no detectable metals while capsules had variable concentrations |
| 36 | Potortì et al. 2026. Chemical Composition and Nutritional Quality of Commercial Tahini, Applied Sciences | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | IT/TR/IL Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni occurrence in Seven commercial tahini brands purchased online for Italian market in 2025, from Turkey (T-1), Israel (T-2), Germany (T-3),… (n=7) |
| 37 | Qin et al. 2026. Spatial coupling and individual-level evidence: linking rice cadmium exposure to liver cancer in a high-risk area of China, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 3,754 rice grain samples from 44 Guangxi counties (median 70 ppb, mean 120 ppb); spatial overlap between high-Cd rice and liver cancer hotspots, with elevated blood Cd in cases vs. controls |
| 38 | Rahati et al. 2026. Monte Carlo simulation approach for health risk analysis of heavy metals’ contamination in infant formula and food on the Iranian market, Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition 45:13 | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, tHg, Al, Cr occurrence in 80 infant formula samples (0–6 months, 6–12 months, above 1 year) from 8 commercial brands, and 27 baby… (n=107) |
| 39 | Rodríguez-Rodríguez et al. 2026. Trace Element Content in Tomato Fruit Grown with Sargassum-Based Biofertilizer, Agronomy | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (and As, Pb, Ni, Cr) in Spanish greenhouse tomato fruit from Sargassum-biofertilizer vs. control plots; all five metals below LOQ in fruit despite measurable metals in Sargassum and soil |
| 40 | Rusko et al. 2026. Risk-Benefit Assessment of Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic in Inland Fish from Latvian Lakes, Foods | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 460 Latvian inland freshwater fish samples (7 species, 5 lakes); Cd reported below LOQ across all samples — contributes a non-detect data point for freshwater fish Cd in Northern Europe |
| 41 | Seifi 2026. Investigation of the concentration of chemical compounds in toys, Environmental Health and Pollution Research, 2026, 1(1), 43-48 | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | IR/EU Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Cr occurrence in 120 children’s toys marketed for ages 0–12 years, collected by stratified random sampling between January 2024 and June… (n=120) |
| 42 | Shar et al. 2026. Environmental Assessment of Heavy Metal Uptake and Accumulation in Sunflower Seeds, Planta Animalia | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn occurrence in 36 composite sunflower seed samples from different ecological zones of Sindh, Pakistan (n=36) |
| 43 | Sule et al. 2026. Assessment of Carcinogenic and Non-carcinogenic Health Risks of Metals in the Drinking Water of Gombe Local Government Area, Nigeria, Bima Journal of Science and Technology | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu occurrence in Drinking-water samples from Gombe LGA, Nigeria: tap water (n=10), wells (n=5), water vendors (n=11), harvested rainwater (n=7), sachet-water… (n=87) |
| 44 | Sund et al. 2026. Pulsed electric field processing as an alternative to warm water treatment for the reduction of potentially toxic elements in Saccharina latissima, Journal of Applied Phycology | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | NO tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Unprocessed, pulsed-electric-field processed, and warm-water-treated Saccharina latissima samples, n=3 per treatment (n=15) |
| 45 | Elhassan et al. 2026. Heavy metals in commercial tea brands in Saudi Arabia, Scientific Reports | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | SA Al, Mn, Pb, Cd, tAs occurrence in Twenty commercial tea samples imported into Saudi Arabia |
| 46 | Teferi et al. 2026. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination and Associated Health Risks in Honey from Kellem Wollega Zone, Ethiopia, Toxics | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | ET Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn occurrence in Composite honey samples from three districts of Kellem Wollega Zone, western Ethiopia (Dambi Dollo, Gawo Kebe, Anafilo); each… (n=3) |
| 47 | WHO 2026. WHO GEMS/Food contaminants database (Global Environment Monitoring System — Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme), WHO GEMS/Food | 2026 | Agency database | global Pb, Cd, tHg, iAs, tAs, Al, Cr, Ni, Sn concentrations |
| 48 | WHO 2026. GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exports, GEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme | 2026 | Government dataset | Global multi-commodity Cd occurrence data underlying JECFA dietary exposure assessments; 14,027 food/contaminant grouped summaries covering cereals, vegetables, meat, seafood, and other categories across all WHO regional cluster diets |
| 49 | Xie et al. 2026. Co-occurrence of selenium and toxic elements and health risk assessment in commercial selenium-enriched rice from China, Scientific Reports | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and tAs in 54 commercial selenium-enriched rice samples from 14 Chinese provinces (mean Cd 80 ppb); documents that premium Se positioning does not preclude Cd co-contamination |
| 50 | Yoplac-Navarro et al. 2026. Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Peruvian Avocados Using a Probabilistic Approach, Foods 15(1): 82 | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | PE/EU tAs, Cd, Cr, tHg, Ni, Pb occurrence in Soil and avocado fruit samples from 8 major Peruvian producing regions (Amazonas, Áncash, Ayacucho, Cusco, Huancavelica, Ica, La… (n=190) |
| 51 | Yorgwara et al. 2026. Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in Some Selected Cosmetic Products and Human Health Risk in Eleme LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria, Research Journal of Pure Science and Technology 9(2):20-37 | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs, tHg, Co occurrence in Twenty-six cosmetic and personal-care products purchased from cosmetic stores and markets in Eleme LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria, grouped… (n=26) |
| 52 | Zhang et al. 2026. Trace metal pollution and ecological effects on five crops around a typical manganese mining area in Chongqing, China, Scientific Reports | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (alongside As, Pb, Cr, Ni) in five crop edible portions (rice, maize, peanut, soybean, sweet potato) near a manganese mining area in Chongqing; As and Cr dominated risk; Cd data for context on mining-impacted multi-crop system |
| 53 | Abedi et al. 2025. Comparison Between Emerging and Conventional Methods for Edible Oils Bleaching, Food Science & Nutrition | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Co, Al, Cu, Fe occurrence in Narrative review of published literature on industrial and emerging bleaching technologies for edible vegetable oils. No primary measurements;… |
| 54 | Abeslami et al. 2025. Mineral Profile and Heavy Metal Content of Seven Monofloral and Multifloral Honeys from Eastern Morocco, Molecules | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in seven Moroccan honey types (0.0017–0.018 mg/kg); all values within regulatory limits; provides botanical-origin context for Cd variability in honey as a low-Cd matrix |
| 55 | Adaileh et al. 2025. Development of Cu-ZnO ZrO2 based polyacrylonitrile polymer composites for removing pharmaceutical pollutants and heavy metals from wastewater, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | JO/SA/EG Pb, Cd occurrence in Pb(II), Cd(II), sulfamethoxazole, and ibuprofen solutions treated with Cu-ZnO/ZrO2 polyacrylonitrile polymer composite. (n=Batch visible-light adsorption/photocatalysis tests across pH, dose, contact time, concentration, isotherm, kinetic, and five-cycle reuse conditions.) |
| 56 | Aisyiah et al. 2025. Heavy Metal Content in Breast Milk and Contributing Environmental and Maternal Factors: A Systematic Review, Jurnal Bidan Cerdas | 2025 | Review | TW/ES/PL Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Al, Cr occurrence in Systematic review of 9 primary studies (2013–2023) on heavy metals in human breast milk; populations from Taiwan, Spain,… |
| 57 | Akinlolu et al. 2025. Neuroprotective potentials of extracts from Moringa oleifera and Musa sapientum against cadmium chloride-induced neurotoxicity in rats cerebri, Journal of Experimental and Molecular Biology | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd occurrence in Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats, two months old with average weight 155 g, randomly divided into six groups… (n=24) |
| 58 | Akkaya et al. 2025. Determination of Heavy Metal Levels and Assessment of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. Presence in Fishery Products and Mussels from the Marmara Region, Türkiye, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | TR Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Cu occurrence in Fishery products and mussels collected from provinces in the Marmara region of Türkiye between March 2020 and November… (n=625) |
| 59 | Alatise et al. 2025. Assessment of natural radioactivity and heavy metal accumulation in selected edible fruit nuts from Lagos and Ogun State markets, Nigeria, Nigerian Journal of Theoretical and Environmental Physics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, tAs, tHg occurrence in peanuts, cashew nuts, walnuts, date nuts, tiger nuts, and kola nuts from Lagos and Ogun State markets (n=six nut types) |
| 60 | Alblooshi 2025. The impact of perfumes and cosmetic products on human health: a narrative review, Frontiers in Toxicology 7:1646075 (Frontiers in Toxicology; published 29 August 2025; corrected 16 December 2025) | 2025 | Review | US/EU/CA Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Ni, Cr, Cr-VI occurrence in Single-author narrative review compiling peer-reviewed literature published 2005–2025 on health impacts of perfumes and cosmetic products. Sources drawn… |
| 61 | Alsabagh 2025. Assessment of heavy metal and nitrate contamination in canned products from local markets in Baghdad, Alnakhla Journal of Science | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Pb, Cd, Co, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu occurrence in Canned products from local markets in Baghdad, Iraq |
| 62 | Altalib et al. 2025. Estimation of heavy metal concentrations in imported frozen meat sold in the Libyan market, Mediterranean Journal of Medical Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | LY Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in Imported frozen meat (chicken, beef, lamb, processed products) from Tripoli commercial markets; origins: Brazil, USA, Jordan, Spain, Australia;… (n=30) |
| 63 | Anastario et al. 2025. Metal profiling of Hass avocados: a cross-sectional study using ICP-MS and pXRF, BMC Research Notes | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US/MX Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Al occurrence in Commercial Hass avocados stratified by country of origin (California USA, Michoacán Mexico) and agricultural practice (organic, conventional); purchased… (n=24) |
| 64 | Asadi et al. 2025. Health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in bread from Iranian markets using Monte Carlo simulation, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, tHg, Al, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Zn, Co occurrence in 248 bread samples collected from 11 Iranian provinces during winter 2020; four traditional bread types: lavash (n=69), taftoon… (n=248) |
| 65 | Asadi et al. 2025. Human health risk assessment of arsenic and potentially toxic elements exposure in bread and wheat flour in Northeast Iran, PLoS ONE 20(7): e0327652 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd measured in 270 bread and wheat flour samples from 90 Mashhad bakeries; Cd was present but As dominated risk; provides Cd baseline for this high-bread-consumption context |
| 66 | Asmoay et al. 2025. Geochemical characterization and health risk assessment of groundwater in Wadi Ranyah, Saudi Arabia, using statistical and GIS-based models, Applied Water Science | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 77 Saudi Arabian groundwater samples exceeding permissible limits in a subset; non-food-matrix source contributing context on Cd in agricultural water supplies that irrigate food crops |
| 67 | Babeker et al. 2025. Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration and Microbial Profile in Sudanese Carbonated Soft Drinks and Beverages, SSRG International Journal of Applied Chemistry, 12(2): 18-22 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | SD Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu, Cr occurrence in Twenty Sudanese-bottled non-alcoholic beverages collected in triplicate from the production factories in Khartoum: eleven carbonated soft drinks from… (n=20) |
| 68 | Bahrouna et al. 2025. Evaluation of Heavy Metals Contents in Spices Available on Zawia City`s Markets, University of Zawia Journal of Natural Sciences | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | LY Pb, Cd, tAs, Hg, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Cr occurrence in Thirteen mixed spice and seasoning samples purchased from local markets and spice shops in Zawia City, Libya, during… (n=13) |
| 69 | SMPP et al. 2025. Formulation of Standardized Herbal Tea from Whole Flowers, Stamens and Immature Fruits of Bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa), World Journal of Agricultural Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | LK Al, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, tAs, Cd, tHg, Ba occurrence in Prepared herbal teas from dried whole flowers, stamens, and immature fruits of bael (Aegle marmelos) sourced in Sri… (n=3) |
| 70 | Barber et al. 2025. Toxic elements in baby and young children’s foods in the US and correlation to ingredients, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, iAs, Cd, tHg, MeHg, Pb, Tl occurrence in Non-targeted 2023 FDA convenience survey of 566 foods intended for babies, young children, pregnant women, and nursing mothers:… (n=566) |
| 71 | Bashir et al. 2025. Heavy metal in cosmetics and its risk to future generation in remote area of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Trarkhel District Sudhnoti, Scientific Reports 15: 43847 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Cd, Cu, Co, Ag, Ni, Zn, tAs, Mn, tHg occurrence in 30 cosmetic products purchased from local markets in Trarkhel, District Sudhnoti, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K), Pakistan, 2023:… (n=30) |
| 72 | Yewbmirt et al. 2025. Analysis of Nigella sativa L. (Black Cumin) seeds for levels of heavy metals using FAAS: geospatial profiling and regional safety implications, Discover Chemistry | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | ET Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu, Zn occurrence in 81 Nigella sativa L. black cumin seed samples from Dejen, Gozamen, and Sinan districts of East Gojjam, Ethiopia;… (n=81) |
| 73 | Chahinez et al. 2025. Evaluation of trace element contents in canned tomato paste and canned pineapple marketed in Algeria, Research Square preprint | 2025 | Preprint | DZ Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb occurrence in Canned tomato paste and canned pineapple marketed in Algiers, Algeria (n=52) |
| 74 | Beltcheva et al. 2025. Oral Supplementation with Modified Natural Clinoptilolite Protects Against Cadmium Toxicity in ICR (CD-1) Mice, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | BG/EU Cd occurrence in Male ICR (CD-1) mice aged 6-8 weeks, 25-30 g body weight, randomised by block design into four groups… (n=126) |
| 75 | Boostani et al. 2025. Comparative effectiveness of pristine and H3PO4-modified biochar in combination with bentonite to immobilize cadmium in a calcareous soil, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IR Cd occurrence in Cadmium-spiked calcareous soil from Darab, Fars province, southern Iran, incubated for 90 days under a 3 x 5… (n=45) |
| 76 | Brima et al. 2025. Assessment of Human Health Risk Based on Analysis of Potentially Toxic Elements in African Foods Sold in the UK Market, African Journal of Agriculture and Food Science | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | GB tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in African foods and non-food additives sold in the UK market and consumed by African communities (n=152) |
| 77 | RdL et al. 2025. Assessment of Essential Elements and Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Organic and Conventional Flaxseeds: Implications for Dietary Exposure and Food Safety, Applied Sciences | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EU/PL/ES Cd, Pb, Al, Ni, Cr occurrence in Commercial flaxseed samples (37 conventional, 15 organic) obtained in the EU and other European countries from supermarkets, herbalists,… (n=52) |
| 78 | Bugarin et al. 2025. Integration of Emerging and Conventional Technologies for Obtaining By-Products from Cocoa Pod Husk and Their Application, Processes | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Narrative review of published literature on conventional and emerging valorization technologies for cocoa pod husk (CPH). No primary… |
| 79 | Cammilleri et al. 2025. Toxic metals and metalloids in collagen supplements of fish and jellyfish origin: Risk assessment for daily intake, Open Medicine | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IT tAs, Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in 120 marine (fish-origin) collagen supplement samples drawn from 65 brands purchased on e-commerce platforms and large-scale retail in… (n=120) |
| 80 | Cardini et al. 2025. A novel approach for the identification of cadmium-chelating compounds in plant-based foods using SEC-ICP-MS/MS and SEC-QTOF-MS, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd speciation methodology (SEC-ICP-MS/MS) identifying Cd-chelating ligands (phytochelatins, phytic acid, flavonoids) in seven plant foods (9–570 µg/kg DW range); relevant to bioaccessibility and toxicokinetic understanding |
| 81 | CFIA 2025. Toxic metals in selected foods – April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023: Food chemistry – Targeted surveys – Final report, Canadian Food Inspection Agency | 2025 | Government report | Cd in 470 Canadian food samples including dried mushrooms, spices, duck eggs, juices, and sweets (2022–23 targeted survey); dried mushrooms had the highest Cd concentrations by a substantial margin |
| 82 | Chen et al. 2025. Probabilistic assessment of the cumulative risk from dietary heavy metal exposure in Chongqing, China using a hazard-driven approach, Scientific Reports 15:2229 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN/EU Pb, Cd, iAs, MeHg occurrence in 969 participants from China Health and Nutrition Survey 2018, Chongqing Municipality: 31 preschoolers (3-6 yr), 113 adolescents (7-17… (n=969) |
| 83 | Chengappa et al. 2025. Heavy metal content of over-the-counter toothpastes—a systematic review of in vitro studies, Frontiers in Dental Medicine 6:1543972 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG/SA/BD Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Ag, Al, Mn occurrence in Eleven in vitro studies meeting PICOS inclusion criteria, selected from 9,409 records identified in Google Scholar (8,730), PubMed/MEDLINE… (n=11) |
| 84 | Chime et al. 2025. Assessment of toxic trace metal contamination in food spices sold in Nigerian markets, World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Six commercial spice brands and one fresh scent leaf sample purchased from New Heaven market, Enugu, Nigeria (n=7) |
| 85 | Chiutula et al. 2025. Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Wastewater–Receiving Soil–Exotic and Indigenous Vegetable Systems and Its Potential Health Risks: A Case Study from Blantyre, Malawi, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in six wastewater-irrigated vegetable species from Blantyre, Malawi; several Brassica species exceeded FAO/WHO limits, with chronic risk flagged for Cd alongside Cr and Pb |
| 86 | Project 2025. CLP Insights: 2024-25 Protein Powder Category Report (Protein Study 2.0), Clean Label Project category insights report | 2025 | Industry | US/US-CA tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in 160 protein powder products from 70 top-selling US brands, representing approximately 83% of the US protein supplement market… (n=160) |
| 87 | Collado-Lopez et al. 2025. Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Processed Baby Foods and Infant Formulas Worldwide: A Scoping Review, Nutrition Reviews | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Global scoping review of Cd (and Pb, As, Hg) in processed baby foods and infant formulas (75 studies, 580 baby foods, 251 formulas); synthesizes worldwide Cd concentrations across rice cereals, purees, and all infant formula types |
| 88 | Craven et al. 2025. Lead Astray? The Hidden Contaminants in Australian Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Market and Their Potential Health Impact, Drug and Alcohol Review | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | AU Pb, Cd, tAs, Al, Cr, Ni occurrence in 28 illicit anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) products anonymously donated by people who use AAS in Australia (reportedly purchased 2022–2024):… (n=28) |
| 89 | Ćwieląg-Drabek et al. 2025. Evaluation of Cadmium, Lead, Chromium, and Nickel Content in Various Types of Nuts: Almonds, Cashews, Hazelnuts, Peanuts, and Walnuts – Health Risk of Polish Consumers, Biological Trace Element Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EU/PL/CN Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni occurrence in 69 nut samples (16 peanuts, 15 hazelnuts, 15 almonds, 8 cashews, 15 walnuts) from Polish retail market; 13… (n=69) |
| 90 | Cwielag-Drabek et al. 2025. Heavy Metal Content in Tattoo and Permanent Makeup Inks and European Standards-Is There Still a Health Risk?, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EU Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Cu, iAs, Co, Sb, Se, Mn, tHg occurrence in Commercial tattoo inks, permanent makeup inks, and dual-use inks purchased in the European Union in 2022-2023 (n=41) |
| 91 | Ćwieląg-Drabek et al. 2025. Evaluation of Cadmium, Lead, Chromium, and Nickel Content in Various Types of Nuts: Almonds, Cashews, Hazelnuts, Peanuts, and Walnuts – Health Risk of Polish Consumers, Biological Trace Element Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni occurrence in Commercial nuts (almonds, cashews, hazelnuts, peanuts, walnuts) available on the Polish market (n=69) |
| 92 | Silva et al. 2025. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Associated with Early-Life Exposure to Heavy Metals: A Systematic Review, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22(8):1308 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | international Pb, tHg, MeHg, Cd, tAs, Mn occurrence in Pooled across 68 included primary studies (48 longitudinal + 20 cross-sectional), comprising 215,195 individuals from 23 countries. Japan… (n=215195) |
| 93 | Dearing et al. 2025. Assessment of Heavy Metals in Organic and Non-Organic Vegetables Post Severe Tropical Cyclone Gabrielle: A cross-sectional comparative analysis, F1000Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NZ Cd, Pb, tAs, Ni, Cr, Tl, tHg occurrence in 153 composite representative samples (combined from 736 individual vegetables) sourced from 14 market gardens across 10 growing sites… (n=153) |
| 94 | Dearing et al. 2025. Assessment of Heavy Metals in Organic and Non-Organic Vegetables Post Severe Tropical Cyclone Gabrielle: A cross-sectional comparative analysis, F1000Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NZ Pb, Cd, tAs, Ni, Cr, tHg occurrence in 153 composite representative samples (from 736 individual vegetables) collected from 14 market gardens at 10 growing sites within… (n=153) |
| 95 | Demir et al. 2025. Determination of Element Contents and Health Risk Assessment of Some Commercial Coffees in Turkiye, Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty 22(3) | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | TR Al, Ba, Cr, Ni, Pb, tAs, Cd, Sb occurrence in Ten brewed commercial coffee samples from different product/brand types in Turkiye: classic, milicano, green, gold, decaffeinated, filter, and… (n=10) |
| 96 | Dinesh et al. 2025. Comparative evaluation of heavy metal concentration in three commercially important fish: insights from organ-specific and interspecies variability, Frontiers in Marine Science | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IN Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Al occurrence in three commercially important fish species assessed by tissue and organ |
| 97 | Dobrzyńska et al. 2025. Analysis of the Elemental Composition of Milk Formulae: Impact on the Nutritional Status of Infants From Birth to 1 Year of Age, Biological Trace Element Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU tAs, Cd, tHg, Ni, Sn, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn occurrence in All powdered milk formulae available on the Polish market 2019-2023 for infants up to 12 months of age:… (n=149) |
| 98 | Joanna et al. 2025. A quantitative assessment of heavy metal contamination in instant coffee beverages: A comparative analysis of toxic element content and public health risk implications, Polish Annals of Medicine | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PL Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, tAs, Cr occurrence in Instant coffee beverages sold in Poland, including 3-in-1, 2-in-1, and cappuccino products (n=50) |
| 99 | Du et al. 2025. Heavy metal exposures in aerodigestive clinic cohort of infants with reflux or dysphagia, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, iAs, Pb, tHg, Cd, Sn, Cr, Ni, U occurrence in Infants under 1 year of age with reflux or oropharyngeal dysphagia seen at Boston Children’s Hospital aerodigestive clinic,… (n=56) |
| 100 | Du et al. 2025. Individual and combined contamination of the toxic metals in commercial cat and dog food, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, Cr, tHg, tAs occurrence in Imported cat and dog food products from the Chinese market (produced 2021-2022); 45 cat food, 48 dog food;… (n=93) |
| 101 | Dziubanek et al. 2025. Health Risk for Non-Dietary Children’s Exposure to Heavy Metals in Postindustrial Areas in Upper Silesia, Poland, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd, Zn occurrence in 77 surface soil samples (topsoil to 0.25 m depth, sieved <2 mm) collected from children’s recreational areas across… (n=77) |
| 102 | Elbagory et al. 2025. Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Four Melon Fruit Varieties Grown in the Ganges and Yamuna River Basin, Horticulturae | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IN Cd, Cr, Pb, tAs, Al occurrence in 200 melon fruit samples (50 per variety) of 4 varieties — watermelon (Arka Shyama and Crimson Sweet) and… (n=200) |
| 103 | EMA 2025. Guideline on the Development and Manufacture of Synthetic Peptides, European Medicines Agency | 2025 | Regulatory guideline | EU Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni occurrence in null |
| 104 | Emmanuel 2025. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination and Health Risks from Urban-Grown Vegetables in Kano State, Nigeria, ChemClass Journal | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Ni, Pb, Mn, Cr occurrence in Vegetable and soil samples from urban agriculture sites in Wudil, Nomans-Land, and Sharada, Kano State, Nigeria, collected January-March… (n=64) |
| 105 | Erol et al. 2025. Safety and Nutritional Profile of Traditional Turkish Cheeses: A Comprehensive Study on Their Mineral Content, Heavy Metal Contamination, and Health Risks of Aho, Golot, and Telli, Food Science & Nutrition | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in three traditional Turkish artisanal cheeses (n=30); Cd was below regulatory benchmarks across samples; Pb and Hg had isolated extreme outliers in two samples driving hazard index exceedances |
| 106 | Fan et al. 2025. Occurrence, exposure and health risk assessment of heavy metals in green tea samples cultivated in Hangzhou area, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (and 14 other metals) in 120 Hangzhou green tea samples by ICP-MS; all Cd values below Chinese standard limits; Hangzhou-origin tea classified as “clean” with comprehensive pollution index 0.094 |
| 107 | Farahat et al. 2025. Sinapic Acid Ameliorates Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis, Biomedicines | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EG Cd occurrence in Forty mature male Wistar rats in four groups of ten animals: saline control, single-dose CdCl2 intoxication, and two… (n=40) |
| 108 | FDA 2025. Compliance Program Guidance Manual: Toxic Elements in Food and Foodware, and Radionuclides in Food – Import and Domestic (Program 7304.019), US Food and Drug Administration | 2025 | Government report | FDA operational directive covering Cd (and Pb, As, Hg, others) inspection, sampling, and enforcement protocols across all food categories; defines FDA’s regulatory strategy for toxic elements in food |
| 109 | Fu et al. 2025. Mitigation Effect of Low-Accumulation Rice Varieties and Soil Conditioners on Hg and Cd Pollution in Rice, Processes | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN tHg, Cd, tAs, Pb, Cr occurrence in One-year 2023 field experiment in Hg-Cd co-contaminated farmland in Tongren, Guizhou, China, with three replicate plots per treatment… (n=66) |
| 110 | García et al. 2025. Addressing Cadmium in Cacao Farmland: A Path to Safer, Sustainable Chocolate, Agriculture | 2025 | Review | Comprehensive review of Cd sources and uptake in Latin American cacao agroecosystems (785 paired soil-plant data points); synthesizes mitigation strategies including Mn/Zn amendments, low-Cd genotypes, and rhizosphere manipulation |
| 111 | Garofalo et al. 2025. Monitoring of Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury Levels in Seafood Products: A Ten-Year Analysis, Foods 14(3):451 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IT/EU Cd, Pb, tHg, MeHg occurrence in 5,854 seafood samples (9,809 analyses: 4,300 THg + 3,338 Cd + 2,171 Pb) collected and analyzed by Istituto… (n=5854) |
| 112 | Gorbanov et al. 2025. Evaluation of lamb meat safety for meat snack production after the use of the feed supplement LaktuVet-1 in animal diets, Proceedings of VSUET, 87(1): 86-92 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | RU Pb, Cd, tAs occurrence in Two groups of 20 Edilbay-breed sheep in Russia: a control group and an experimental group receiving the LaktuVet-1… (n=40) |
| 113 | Groleau et al. 2025. Improving nutritional intakes and reducing metal(loid) exposures from wild fish broth among Inuit pregnant women, Science of the Total Environment | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CA tHg, MeHg, tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb, Se, Fe, K occurrence in Nunavik (northern Quebec), Canada; Inuit country food samples including lake trout (n=43 large >0.5 kg, additional smaller specimens),… (n=140) |
| 114 | Gulcin 2025. Antioxidants: a comprehensive review, Archives of Toxicology | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | TR Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg occurrence in Narrative review; no primary measurements. |
| 115 | Hadi et al. 2025. Health Impact of Heavy Metals in Samples of Dried Fruits in Iraq, International Journal of Analytical Chemistry | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 15 Iranian-origin dried fruit types sold in Iraqi markets; multiple samples exceeded the FAO/WHO ML of 0.05 mg/kg for Cd; provides data for a commodity with limited surveillance literature |
| 116 | Haji et al. 2025. Hidden Toxic Elements in Creams and Foundations, Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 6(2): 197-203 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | TZ Cu, Cd, tHg, Pb, tAs, Sb, Te, Bi, Nb, Ta occurrence in Seven creams and three foundation products assessed for toxic elements; the paper reports individual brand names, but this… (n=10) |
| 117 | Hamza et al. 2025. Determination of Some Physicochemical Properties, Heavy Metals and Micronutrients of Some Energy Drinks Available in Nigeria, Communication in Physical Sciences | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn occurrence in Thirty energy drinks (23 liquid and 7 powdered) purchased from local markets in Nigeria. Samples are labelled by… (n=30) |
| 118 | Hassan et al. 2025. Cornflakes as a source of dietary metal exposure in Lebanon: Risk assessment and regulatory compliance, RSC Advances | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (and As, Cr, Hg, Pb) in 42 commercial cornflake products from Lebanese retail; first published Cd occurrence dataset for this breakfast cereal matrix in Lebanon |
| 119 | Haydous et al. 2025. Pet food safety at risk? Investigating toxic metal contamination in Lebanon and the UAE, RSC Advances | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (and Pb, As, Hg, Cr) in 196 commercial pet food SKUs from Lebanon and UAE; Pb and As drove exceedances; Cd data provide context for animal feed as a pathway in the Cd food chain |
| 120 | Houlihan et al. 2025. What’s in your family’s rice? Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in Popular Rice Brands - Plus 9 Safer Grains to Try, Healthy Babies Bright Futures (HBBF) report | 2025 | Government report | US tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in 211 retail grain containers (145 rice samples across 105 brands and 66 alternative-grain samples) purchased in 20 US… (n=211) |
| 121 | Höpfner et al. 2025. The contribution of infant formula to the food survey-based dietary exposure of nine selected elements, Journal of Environmental Exposure Assessment | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | DE/EU iAs, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, tHg occurrence in German infants (0.5 to <1 year, n=51) and toddlers (1 to <3 years, n=63) consuming infant formula, from… (n=114) |
| 122 | Huff et al. 2025. Heavy metals in spices from Lancaster, PA: arsenic, cadmium, and lead exposure risks and the need for regulation, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd, tAs occurrence in Commercial spices from stores and home-donated spices from multicultural families in Lancaster, PA; 82 store-purchased, 34 home-donated (n=116) |
| 123 | Ibrahim et al. 2025. Dietary Exposure and Health Risk Assessment of Selected Toxic and Essential Metals in Various Flavored Dairy Products, Biological Trace Element Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 180 Egyptian flavored dairy products (milk, yogurt, ice cream) by ICP-MS/MS; Cd was below LOD in all samples — contributes a non-detect data point for flavored dairy as a Cd matrix |
| 124 | Introduction 2025. Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Processed Baby Foods and Infant Formulas Worldwide: A Scoping Review, Unknown journal | 2025 | Peer reviewed review | global As, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Processed infant foods and infant formula products (n=Scoping review; multiple studies synthesized) |
| 125 | Jarin et al. 2025. Plant Responses to Heavy Metal Stresses: Mechanisms, Defense Strategies, and Nanoparticle-Assisted Remediation, Plants | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, tAs, Ni, Cr, tHg occurrence in Narrative synthesis review; no primary measurements. |
| 126 | Jia et al. 2025. Gold Nanocluster-Based Fluorescence Sensor for Simultaneous Detection of Lead and Cadmium in Water | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Analytical method development only — simultaneous Pb and Cd fluorescence sensor (LOD 1 ppt each); no food occurrence data |
| 127 | Jităreanu et al. 2025. An Overview of Heavy Metals in Cosmetic Products and Their Toxicological Impact, Applied Sciences 15: 12883 | 2025 | Review | EU/US/CA Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, iAs, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co occurrence in Narrative review of heavy-metal contamination in cosmetics; literature 1990 - November 2025 retrieved via PubMed, Web of Science,… |
| 128 | Jurkovic et al. 2025. Heavy Metals and Microbiological Assessment of the Soil-Plant System of Flooded Areas Applied on Chard (Beta vulgaris), ACS Omega | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | BA Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn occurrence in Soil, sludge, and chard samples from flooded and control areas in central Bosnia and Herzegovina after autumn 2024… (n=21) |
| 129 | Kalicharan et al. 2025. Determination of Heavy Metal Contamination in Premium and Supermarket Brands of Extruded Feline and Canine Food in the South African Market, Veterinary Medicine and Science | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | ZA Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Zn, Cu occurrence in 14 premium and 17 supermarket brands of extruded cat and dog food (kibble) from the South African market;… (n=31) |
| 130 | Krasnopyorova et al. 2025. Trace element composition of drinking water in Almaty, Kazakhstan, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 78 Almaty drinking water samples (municipal tap and bottled); provides baseline Cd concentrations for a Central Asian metropolitan water supply and comparison against WHO drinking water standards |
| 131 | Kuzan et al. 2025. Metallomic Profile of Placental Tissue and Its Association with Maternal and Neonatal Parameters: A Cross-Sectional ICP-OES Study in Lower Silesia, International Journal of Molecular Sciences | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PL Cd, Pb, Ni, Co, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se, Sr occurrence in Term placental tissue samples, Lower Silesia region, Poland; singleton uncomplicated pregnancies, gestational age 37-42 weeks (n=33) |
| 132 | Lee et al. 2025. Associations of heavy metals and urinary sodium excretion with obesity in adults: A cross-sectional study from Korean Health Examination and Nutritional Survey, PLoS ONE | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Population-level serum Cd biomonitoring in 6,609 Korean adults (KNHANES 2008–2012); provides Cd exposure reference values for a high-seafood-consuming Korean population |
| 133 | LHAAC 2025. Coordinated Sampling Project 41: Microbial and Heavy Metal Detections in Herbs and Spices, Local Health Authorities Analytical Committee, Edith Cowan University | 2025 | Government report | AU Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Al, Cr, Ni occurrence in Commercially available herbs and spices from retail food businesses across Western Australia; 23 local government areas; fresh herbs,… (n=380) |
| 134 | Li et al. 2025. Effect of Funneliformis mosseae and Cu Additives on the Astragalus sinicus Root Growth and Cd Uptake Under the Modeled Conditions, Microorganisms | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd, Cu occurrence in Greenhouse pot experiment with Astragalus sinicus grown for 90 days in sterilized soil/nutrient-soil/vermiculite substrate under factorial Cd addition,… (n=64) |
| 135 | Li et al. 2025. Enhanced Cadmium Adsorption Mechanisms Utilizing Biochar Derived from Different Parts of Wetland Emergent Plants Iris sibirica L., Processes | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in Three biochars (root BC_R, stem BC_S, leaf BC_L) pyrolyzed at 900 degrees C from Iris sibirica L. wetland… (n=3) |
| 136 | Lin et al. 2025. LINE-1 DNA methylation mediates smoking-related risk in site-specific urothelial carcinoma: a Taiwan case-control study, Archives of Toxicology | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Blood Cd (and As, Pb, Cr, Ni) measured in 478 urothelial carcinoma cases and 569 controls in Taiwan; Cd present but As was the primary cancer-associated metal; contributes to Cd carcinogenicity evidence with urinary tract as target organ |
| 137 | Liu et al. 2025. Heavy metal synergistic pollution risk assessment in the soil-crop system of the Nanyang Basin, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, Cd, Cr, tHg, Pb occurrence in 5778 surface soil samples, 185 wheat samples, 75 corn samples, 114 peanut samples, and 374 root soil samples… (n=6252) |
| 138 | Lu et al. 2025. Screening of Profitable Chrysanthemums for the Phytoremediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soils, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in Two-year field trial (2021-2022) on 1 ha of Cd-contaminated farmland in a hardware-processing industrial town, Zhejiang Province, China;… (n=23) |
| 139 | MacDonald et al. 2025. Occurrence of chemical contaminants in wild-caught fishery products of relevance to Scottish and wider UK Fishing Waters: A Review, Fera Science Ltd report to Food Standards Scotland (Report FR/002826) | 2025 | Agency report | GB/EU tHg, MeHg, Cd, Pb, tAs, iAs, Ni, Cr occurrence in Narrative + tabular review of chemical contaminants in wild-caught and smoked fish, shellfish, crustaceans, and cephalopods from Scottish… (n=192) |
| 140 | Maćkiewicz et al. 2025. Application of the ICP-OES and SEM-EDS Techniques for Elemental Analysis of Various Types of Cosmetic Products with Antiperspirant and Deodorant Properties Available on the EU Market, Molecules | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, Zn, Zr occurrence in 72 deodorant and antiperspirant products purchased from Polish-market commercial outlets between 2022 and 2025: 57 antiperspirants and 15… (n=72) |
| 141 | Marcelis et al. 2025. Chemical characterization of menstrual and intimate care products: An extractables & leachables investigation, Environment International | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EU/US/CN Li, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Se, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Sn, tHg occurrence in 64 menstrual and intimate care products originating from the EU, US, and China: tampons n=9, menstrual pads n=6,… (n=64) |
| 142 | Marques et al. 2025. Phytochelatins and Cadmium Mitigation: Harnessing Genetic Avenues for Plant Functional Manipulation, International Journal of Molecular Sciences | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd occurrence in Perspective/narrative review with a bibliometric component over the Web of Science Core Collection; no primary measurements. |
| 143 | Masri et al. 2025. Assessing Dietary Consumption of Toxicant-Laden Foods and Beverages by Age and Ethnicity in California: Implications for Proposition 65, Nutrients | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd, tAs, MeHg occurrence in Cross-sectional online dietary survey (Qualtrics) administered between 1 March and 15 June 2023 to Southern California residents (adults… (n=186) |
| 144 | Massarsky et al. 2025. Health risk implications of heavy metals in toothpaste, Public Health and Toxicology 5(2):9 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs occurrence in 50 toothpastes tested by Lead Safe Mama (Perkins 2025 news article); screening-level risk assessment by Massarsky et al. (n=50) |
| 145 | Matei et al. 2025. Physicochemical Properties, Trace Elements, and Health Risk Assessment of Edible Vegetable Oils Consumed in Romania, Applied Sciences | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | RO Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni occurrence in 24 edible vegetable oil samples (three samples each of eight oil types: sunflower, grapeseed, extra virgin olive, organic… (n=24) |
| 146 | Mititelu et al. 2025. Assessing Heavy Metal Contamination in Food: Implications for Human Health and Environmental Safety, Toxics | 2025 | Review | EU/US/RO Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg, MeHg, Ni, Cr, Sn occurrence in Narrative review; no primary sample collection. Synthesizes published literature and regulatory data across multiple countries. |
| 147 | Mohammadi et al. 2025. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in root and fruit vegetables in Iran using Monte Carlo simulation, Discover Sustainability | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni occurrence in Three carrot samples and three cucumber samples from each of seven cities or sampling points in Fars Province,… (n=42) |
| 148 | Moon et al. 2025. The Association Between Maternal Dietary Intake and the Risk of Heavy Metals in Human Breast Milk in Korea, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | KR Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs occurrence in 209 healthy lactating Korean mothers (mean age 34.8 years, infant age <12 months) sampled January–March 2023 as part… (n=209) |
| 149 | Moriceau et al. 2025. Measurement of traces of heavy metals in cosmetic raw materials and finished products according to ISO/DIS 21392:2021 using triple quadrupole ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific Application Note 003602 | 2025 | Industry | EU/FR Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr, Ni, Sb, Al, Sn, Co, Mn, Fe, Zn, Be, Se, Tl, Ti, W, Pt occurrence in 17 finished cosmetic products sold on the French and European market (creams, gels, pastes, liquids, varnishes, solids) plus… (n=27) |
| 150 | Mumtaz et al. 2025. Occurrence and Risk Evaluation of Trace Metals in Infant Nutrition Sources in Rural and Urban Multan, Pakistan, Food and Nutrition Insights | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Fe occurrence in infant nutrition sources from rural and urban Multan, Pakistan |
| 151 | Murtaza et al. 2025. Combine effects of Broussonetia papyrifera-derived biochar and selenium nanoparticles for lead-polluted saline soils remediation during barley cultivation, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Cd, tAs, Ni, Cr, Al, tHg occurrence in Field plots at the Agricultural Research Centre Bahawalpur, Pakistan, cultivated with barley in lead-polluted saline soil; soil, root,… (n=3) |
| 152 | Naccari et al. 2025. Study of Toxic Metals and Microelements in Honey as a Tool to Support Beekeeping Production and Consumer Safety, Foods 2025, 14, 1986 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 38 Italian (Calabrian) honey samples across five floral varieties; Cd well below EU ML; demonstrates that honey Cd at typical consumption rates contributes negligible fraction of tolerable intake |
| 153 | Nassar et al. 2025. Spectrophotometric Method for Cadmium(II) Determination: Validation and Application | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Analytical method development only — Cd spectrophotometric detection method (LOD 245 ppb); no food occurrence data |
| 154 | Naz et al. 2025. Trace elements in fish species from the Punjnad headworks: bioaccumulation and human health risk assessment, PLoS ONE | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in five freshwater fish species from the Punjnad river confluence in Pakistan; Cd and Pb THQ exceeded 1 for regular consumers; provides contaminated freshwater fish Cd data for an industrially impacted Asian riverine context |
| 155 | Normatov et al. 2025. Heavy Metal Migration and Sedimentation in Syrdarya River (Tajikistan) and Possibility Accumulation in Kayrakkum Reservoir, International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | TJ tAs, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr occurrence in Five water-sampling points along the Syrdarya River in Tajikistan: Akjar, Bulok, Kanibadam, Kairakkum HPP, and Kizilkishlak. (n=5) |
| 156 | Nour et al. 2025. Nutritional and heavy metal composition of seaweeds from the coast of Djibouti, Food Science and Nutrition | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in six seaweed species from the Djiboutian coastline; first occurrence dataset for edible marine algae from the Horn of Africa; As and Cr dominated the contamination profile with wide inter-species variation |
| 157 | Ntigoroku et al. 2025. Physicochemical Properties, Heavy Metals levels and Health Risk Assessment of selected Edible Oils purchased from major markets in Delta State, Nigeria, Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu occurrence in Twenty edible vegetable oil samples purchased from major markets in Delta State, Nigeria, grouped as sunflower oil, soybean… (n=20) |
| 158 | Okwuegbuna 2025. Integrated Analytical Approaches for Menstrual Health Assessment: Heavy Metal Quantification and Optimized Sample Collection for Biomarker Analysis, Master of Science thesis, Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto | 2025 | Thesis | CA Cd, Pb, Cu occurrence in Four commercially available Canadian tampon brands, two regular-cotton and two organic-cotton products, tested by acid digestion/ICP-AES and by… (n=4) |
| 159 | Olgunoglu et al. 2025. Seasonal Variability and Sex-Specific Accumulation of Trace Metals in Black Scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758) from Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea), Türkiye: Implications for Human Health Risk Assessment, Life | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in black scorpionfish muscle from Izmir Bay (n=52, 4 seasons); significant sex-based Cd differences detected; Mn, Pb, and Hg exceeded international limits as the primary risk drivers |
| 160 | Omosigho et al. 2025. Quality Assessment of Some Selected Toothpastes Used in Nigeria, Journal of the Chemical Society of Nigeria | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb occurrence in Five toothpaste products purchased from Edjeba market, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria; the authors describe three local and two… (n=5) |
| 161 | Omosigho et al. 2025. Quality assessment of some selected toothpastes used in Nigeria, Journal of the Chemical Society of Nigeria | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb occurrence in Five toothpaste products purchased from Edjeba Market, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. (n=5) |
| 162 | Orobator 2025. Impact of Bushfire on Soil Heavy Metals in Oil Palm Plantations in Edo State, Nigeria, Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, As, V occurrence in Topsoil from adjacent unburnt and burnt oil-palm plantations in Okunuvbe community, Edo State, Nigeria; 10 samples per plantation,… (n=20) |
| 163 | Osuolale et al. 2025. Assessing Public Health Risks from Trace Element Contamination in Common Leafy Vegetables from Ondo, Nigeria, Using PIXE and Multivariate Statistics, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG Ni, Co, Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn occurrence in Ten composite samples from six leafy vegetable types in Ondo Metropolis, Nigeria |
| 164 | Prasanna et al. 2025. Metal pollution and human health risk assessment in the Betwa-Yamuna river system, India, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in river and groundwater from the Betwa-Yamuna system (India); water-matrix source providing Cd irrigation-water context for crops grown along these heavily contaminated agricultural river systems |
| 165 | Pulze et al. 2025. Impact of volcanic eruptions on heavy metal contamination in the food chain, Italian Journal of Food Safety | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Review of Cd and Ni enrichment in Mount Etna volcanic soils and transfer into vegetables, fruits, and wine; relevant to geogenic Cd loading and naturally elevated concentrations in EU-regulated agricultural zones |
| 166 | Rabeey et al. 2025. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in imported frozen bovine meat and organs marketed in Sohag, Egypt, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EG/BR/IN tHg, Pb, Cd occurrence in Imported frozen bovine muscle, liver, and kidney (105 each) collected from local markets in Sohag governorate, Egypt; origin… (n=315) |
| 167 | Ranjbar et al. 2025. Machine learning models for water safety enhancement, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, tHg, Sn, tAs, Cr occurrence in 15 commercially available bottled mineral water brands purchased in Arak, Iran (factory locations distributed across Iranian provinces including… (n=15) |
| 168 | Ray et al. 2025. ICP-MS-based quantitative analysis and risk assessment of metal(loid)s in fish species from Chennai, India, Frontiers in Public Health | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in three commercially important fish species from industrially impacted Chennai coast (ICP-MS, n=18); Cd detected at low concentrations alongside Pb as primary contaminant; dry-weight basis |
| 169 | Ren et al. 2025. Toxicological Effects of Combined Exposure of Cadmium and Enrofloxacin on Zebrafish, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in Controlled-exposure zebrafish (Danio rerio, AB strain, 3–4 months old) model-organism study; acute 96-h LC50 used 360 fish across… |
| 170 | Sabri et al. 2025. Essential and Toxic Element Profiles in Selected Spices from Greater Casablanca, Morocco, World’s Veterinary Journal 15(4): 863-881 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | MA/EU/INTL Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni occurrence in 137 bulk spice samples (cinnamon n=37, cumin n=25, turmeric n=25, black pepper n=25, ginger n=25) purchased from local… (n=137) |
| 171 | Salahel et al. 2025. Assessment of toxic heavy metals in commonly consumed foods in Egypt and their implications for public health and safety, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EG Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs occurrence in Fifty-four food and beverage samples collected January-December 2022 from local markets in Qena Governorate, southern Egypt: beverages (n=20;… (n=54) |
| 172 | Saleem et al. 2025. Concentration and Potential Non-Carcinogenic and Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Locally Grown Vegetables, Foods | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US Cd, Pb, tAs, tHg, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se occurrence in 82 samples of 13 locally grown vegetable types from the Town Square Farmer’s Market in Grand Forks, North… (n=82) |
| 173 | Saleem et al. 2025. Concentration and Potential Non-Carcinogenic and Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Locally Grown Vegetables, Foods | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Cr occurrence in 82 samples across 13 locally grown vegetable species (potato n=8, onion n=7, tomato n=7, sugar beet n=7, green… (n=82) |
| 174 | Sallam et al. 2025. Traditional vs. Modern Olive Oil Extraction in Libya: A Comparative Study of Fatty Acids and Heavy Metal Contamination, The North African Journal of Scientific Publishing (NAJSP) | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | LY Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg occurrence in Olive oil and olive mill wastewater (OMWW) collected from one traditional (manual/mechanical pressing, no temperature control or centrifugation)… (n=12) |
| 175 | Sarkis et al. 2025. Heavy Metal Contamination in Yogurt from Lebanon: Evaluating Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) Concentrations Across Multiple Regions, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | LB Pb, Cd occurrence in 165 artisanal yogurt samples from 11 Lebanese regions (15 samples per region); all made from regional cow milk… (n=165) |
| 176 | Satarug 2025. Challenges in Toxicological Risk Assessment of Environmental Cadmium Exposure, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | international Cd occurrence in Narrative review by a single Centre for Kidney Disease Research author (Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia) that synthesizes… |
| 177 | Scovronick et al. 2025. Assessment of human exposure to uncommon industrial toxicants in Glynn County, Georgia, Environmental Pollution | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Blood Cd (with Pb and Hg) measured in 96 coastal Georgia adults near Superfund sites; Cd levels comparable to US general population; PCBs rather than Cd drove the primary health concern |
| 178 | See et al. 2025. Heavy Metals Assessment in Selected Leafy Vegetables from Selangor, Malaysia, Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | MY Al, Cd, Cr, Pb, Fe occurrence in Four leafy vegetable types (cabbage, mustard, spinach, pak choi) from Pasar Borong Selangor wholesale wet market, Seri Kembangan,… (n=12) |
| 179 | Seyfferth et al. 2025. Concentrations and Health Implications of As, Hg, and Cd and Micronutrients in Rice and Emissions of CH4 From Variably Flooded Paddies, GeoHealth | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in rice grain across a soil-redox gradient (6 paddies, 2 years); driest water management exceeded the Codex Cd ML of 0.4 mg/kg in both years — key evidence that AWD irrigation raises grain Cd as As and Hg fall |
| 180 | Shahzad et al. 2025. Assessment of hazardous trace metals and associated health risk as affected by feed intake in buffalo milk, Scientific Reports 15:9841 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Mn, Fe occurrence in Ninety buffalo-milk samples from Tehsil Daska, District Sialkot, Pakistan, grouped by buffalo feed category: alfalfa fodder, maize silage,… (n=90) |
| 181 | Shavali-gilani et al. 2025. Investigation of heavy metal levels in canned tomato paste, olives, and pickled cucumbers, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, tHg, Sn occurrence in 49 samples of canned tomato paste, canned olives, and pickled cucumbers from the 5 most popular brands, purchased… (n=49) |
| 182 | Shavali-gilani et al. 2025. Investigation of heavy metal levels in canned tomato paste, olives, and pickled, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IR Cd, Cu, tAs, Fe, Pb, Sn, Zn, tHg occurrence in 49 canned samples (tomato paste, olives, pickled cucumbers) from five popular brands in Tehran, Iran (n=49) |
| 183 | Sheikh et al. 2025. Minimization of cadmium toxicity and improvement in growth and biochemical attributes of spinach by using acidified biochar, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd occurrence in Pot experiment with spinach under cadmium stress using acidified biochar treatments in a completely randomized design with four… |
| 184 | Sher et al. 2025. Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance in Shewanella Species: An Emerging Pathogen in Clinical and Environmental Settings, Microorganisms | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Global Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr, Cu, Co, Zn occurrence in Narrative review of the genus Shewanella focused on antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and heavy-metal co-selection; no primary data, only… |
| 185 | VdS et al. 2025. Edible Oils from Health to Sustainability: Influence of the Production Processes in the Quality, Consumption Benefits and Risks, Lipidology | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | MA/IR/GR Pb, Cd, tAs, Ni, Cr occurrence in Systematic review of 35 studies meeting eligibility criteria, including 7 studies on contaminants (PAHs and heavy metals) in… |
| 186 | Singhato et al. 2025. Risk Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metal Exposure in Selected Seafood Species from Thailand, Foods | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | TH tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in 20 commonly consumed seafood species from Thailand (4 shrimp/prawn, 4 crab, 3 squid, 8 shellfish, 2 marine fish),… (n=60) |
| 187 | Sochacka et al. 2025. Spirulina and Chlorella Dietary Supplements—Are They a Source Solely of Valuable Nutrients?, International Journal of Molecular Sciences | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Tl, V, Zn occurrence in 52 commercially available microalgae-based dietary supplements sold on the Polish market: 29 Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) products and 23… (n=52) |
| 188 | Sun et al. 2025. Development and Application of a Modified Biochar-Calcium Alginate Composite (MB-CA) for In Situ Remediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soil, Gels | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in Cd-contaminated soil from Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, treated with modified biochar-calcium alginate hydrogel composite and evaluated using lettuce. (n=Triplicate pot treatments and a 40-day field experiment in Cd-contaminated paddy-field soil.) |
| 189 | Tandhanskul et al. 2025. Kombucha as a Sustainable Source of Metabiotics: Potential, Applications, and Future Perspectives, Beverages | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Ni occurrence in Narrative review of secondary literature on kombucha as a source of postbiotics/metabiotics. No new measurements; heavy-metal content appears… |
| 190 | Taş 2025. Spatiotemporal variations in the levels of toxic elements in drinking water of Sivas, Türkiye, and an ecotoxicological risk assessment, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in Turkish drinking fountains (Şarkışla, Sivas); Cd non-carcinogenic hazard index exceeded 1 at several stations; As was the dominant carcinogenic risk driver |
| 191 | Tayeb et al. 2025. Assessment of lead and cadmium exposure through olive and corn oil consumption in Gonbad-Kavus, north of Iran: A public health risk analysis, Toxicology Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd occurrence in Commercial and traditional olive oil (n=30: 12 commercial, 18 traditional) and corn oil (n=30: 18 commercial, 12 traditional)… (n=60) |
| 192 | Taylor et al. 2025. Seafood Benefits and Contaminants: A Comprehensive Review of Health Impacts, Safety Concerns, and Risk Mitigation Strategies, Foods | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Review synthesizing Cd concentrations in commercial seafood species alongside Hg, Pb, and As; covers FDA/EPA advisory frameworks and risk mitigation strategies for vulnerable seafood consumers |
| 193 | Thoerig et al. 2025. Assessment of arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances concentrations in human milk and infant formula in the United States: a systematic review, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 122, pp. 1006-1026 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Systematic review of Cd (and As, Pb, Hg) in U.S. human milk and infant formula through 2024–2025; the most current comprehensive U.S. Cd evidence base for infant feeding matrices; documents formula Cd generally higher than human milk |
| 194 | Tinggi et al. 2025. Heavy metal analysis in commercial spices and herbs by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and estimated dietary exposure, Journal of Environmental Exposure Assessment | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | AU/IN/CN Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Al, Cr occurrence in Commercial dried spices and herbs purchased from Queensland, Australia markets; plus 20 turmeric samples (13 conventional, 7 organic) (n=69) |
| 195 | Tsegay et al. 2025. Toxicological qualities and detoxification trends of fruit by-products for valorization: A review, Open Life Sciences 20:20251105 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | tAs, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, tHg occurrence in Systematic review of toxicological qualities of by-products (peels, pomace, seeds) from the highest-production global fruit species as of… |
| 196 | Uthayarajan et al. 2025. Quality and sources of food and water consumed by people with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Sri Lanka: a systematic review, Journal of Nephrology | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Systematic review (57 studies) of Cd contamination in food and water in Sri Lanka CKDu-endemic areas; Cd the most frequently reported nephrotoxic metal (14 studies), supporting the renal tubular toxicity pathway as the link to CKDu |
| 197 | Vega-Jara et al. 2025. Mitigation of Cadmium Accumulation in Cocoa Beans Using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Biochar and Callisia repens, Folia Amazónica | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | AMF and Callisia repens reduced cocoa bean Cd by 30–40% in high-Cd Peruvian soils (baseline 1.07 mg/kg), but Cd still exceeded EU limits under all treatments; establishes the practical ceiling of biological mitigation |
| 198 | Venant et al. 2025. Community Awareness and Health Risk of Heavy Metals Through Consumption of Sardine (Rastrineobola argentea) From Lake Victoria, Tanzania, Food Science & Nutrition | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and Pb in 279 Lake Victoria sardine samples from Tanzania (median Cd 0.012 mg/kg DW); all below FAO/WHO limits; health risk metrics within acceptable bounds |
| 199 | Ventura et al. 2025. Dietary Exposure to Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in the Portuguese Population: A Total Diet Study Approach, Foods | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in Portuguese Total Diet Study (163 pooled samples, 17 food groups, 2014–2016); all Cd levels below legal limits; provides dietary Cd exposure baseline for Portugal contributed to EFSA pan-European database |
| 200 | Wang et al. 2025. Electrochemical Sensor Based on Porous Biochar-Loaded MnO2 Nanocomposite for Sensitive Detection of Cd(II), Foods | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Analytical method development only — MnO2/biochar electrochemical Cd sensor (LOD 9.8 nmol/L) validated in spiked rice; no measured Cd occurrence data from rice |
| 201 | Wang et al. 2025. Tracking Cadmium Transfer from Soil to Cup: An Electrochemical Sensing Strategy Based on Bi3+-Rich MOFs for Tea Safety Monitoring, Foods | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | MOF(Bi) electrochemical Cd sensor (LOD 0.18 µg/L) applied across tea supply chain from contaminated soil to brewed infusion; provides literature-synthesized Cd concentration context for tea matrices |
| 202 | Wang et al. 2025. A Concave Nanogap for Ultrasensitive Aptamer-Based SERS Detection and In Situ Imaging of Heavy Metal Ions, Analytical Chemistry | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Analytical method development only — aptamer-based SERS sensor for simultaneous Hg, Pb, and Cd detection; no food occurrence data |
| 203 | Wei et al. 2025. Integrating soil bioavailability and plant physiological responses to establish region-specific safety thresholds for cadmium and arsenic in rice cultivated in karst regions, Frontiers in Plant Science | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and tAs in 125 paired soil-rice samples from karst Yunnan; derives region-specific soil safety thresholds that reduce false-positive misclassification rates vs. Chinese national screening values in alkaline soils |
| 204 | Weldegebriel et al. 2025. Toxic metal contamination and health risk assessment of packaged fruit juices for children in Gondar city, Ethiopia, Scientific Reports 15:36868 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 80 packaged fruit juice samples (mango, pineapple, strawberry, cocktail) marketed to children in Ethiopia; Cd measured alongside Pb, Cr, and Ni |
| 205 | Jr et al. 2025. Elevated Metal Levels in U.S. Honeys: Is There a Concern for Human Health?, Biological Trace Element Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn occurrence in 28 honey samples purchased from small-scale beekeepers across 15 U.S. states, collected 2022–2023; 20 wildflower, 2 tupelo, plus… (n=28) |
| 206 | Wu et al. 2025. Cadmium in the Soil–Tea–Infusion Continuum of Selenium-Enriched Gardens: Implications for Food Safety, Foods | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in Twelve Se-enriched tea gardens in the Golden Tea Belt of southwestern Anhui Province, China (30° N), cultivating Camellia… (n=216) |
| 207 | Wysok et al. 2025. Heavy Metal Contamination in Natural Sheep Casings, Foods | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 35 natural sheep casing samples from Poland; ICP-MS; provides Cd data for a niche processed-meat ingredient matrix not commonly surveyed |
| 208 | Wysok et al. 2025. Assessment of Microbial and Heavy Metal Contamination of Natural Sheep Casings from Different Geographic Regions, Foods 14(9):1520 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | TR/IR/CN Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg occurrence in Salted natural sheep casings from Turkey, Iran, China, Mongolia, Pakistan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and Belgium. (n=35) |
| 209 | Xiong et al. 2025. Heavy Metals in Infant Clothing: Assessing Dermal Exposure Risks and Pathways for Sustainable Textile Policies, Toxics 13: 622 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe occurrence in 33 cost-effective unwashed clothing samples randomly purchased from online market platforms in China (Yunnan / Kunming research base);… (n=33) |
| 210 | Xu et al. 2025. Heavy metal risks in aquatic foods, Environment International | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | tHg, MeHg, Cd, Pb, tAs, iAs occurrence in 138,281 test records for aquatic food products from the WHO Food Safety Collaborative Platform (FOSCOLLAB) database; covers fish,… (n=138281) |
| 211 | Yan et al. 2025. Association between infants’ serum levels of 26 metals and gut microbiota: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in China, Frontiers in Microbiology 16:1669475 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd serum levels in a Chinese infant cohort correlated with gut microbiome composition across a 26-metal panel; broadest multi-metal infant-microbiome study in the corpus for the HMTc analyte set |
| 212 | Yan et al. 2025. From farm to table: assessing the status and health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in rice in Henan Province, Frontiers in Public Health | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 6,632 Henan Province rice samples (2020–2022); some Cd exceedances of GB 2762-2017; iAs dominated health risk for all age groups, with Cd a secondary concern |
| 213 | Yang et al. 2025. The Strategies Microalgae Adopt to Counteract the Toxic Effect of Heavy Metals, Microorganisms | 2025 | Review | CN Cr, Cr-VI, Cd, tAs, Ni, Cu, tHg, Pb, Zn occurrence in Narrative review of microalgal heavy-metal removal strategies. No primary sampling, no PRISMA, no quantitative synthesis. Authors at Sichuan… |
| 214 | Yazdanian et al. 2025. Investigation of the abundance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (including virulence gene profiles) and heavy metal contamination in camel milk, Veterinary Medicine and Science | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 49 raw camel milk samples from Iran; concentrations generally low and below MACs; provides baseline Cd data for an under-surveyed dairy matrix |
| 215 | Yoshinaga et al. 2025. Duplicate diet study to assess dietary exposure to metals in a Japanese population, Environmental Monitoring and Contaminants Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | JP Cd, Pb, Ni, Sb occurrence in 150 adult Japanese (65 males, 85 females, aged 19–83 years) from the Kanto District and surrounding regions, 2017–2019;… (n=150) |
| 216 | Zafarzadeh et al. 2025. Risk assessment of heavy metals in north of Iran (Sari) rice and implications for human health, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 144 rice samples from Sari, northern Iran; Pb dominated risk with all samples exceeding limits; provides Cd occurrence data from a major Iranian rice-production hub |
| 217 | Zhang et al. 2025. Metalorian: De Novo Generation of Heavy Metal-Binding Peptides with Classifier-Guided Diffusion Sampling, bioRxiv | 2025 | Preprint | Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni occurrence in In silico generation of de novo metal-binding peptides (30-80 residues) for Cu, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni; in vitro… |
| 218 | Zhang et al. 2025. Salt use patterns and heavy metal urinary excretion, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US Ba, Cd, Co, Cs, Mo, Pb, Sb, Tl, W, tAs occurrence in NHANES 2003-2018 participants aged 20 years and older with urinary metal data, salt-use-pattern data, and covariate data after… (n=11574) |
| 219 | Zhao et al. 2025. Integration of bioaccumulations, chemical forms and gene expression responses to understand the transformation and detoxification of inorganic arsenic, cadmium and lead in the brown seaweed Sargassum fusiforme, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2025, 300:118453 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Cultured Sargassum fusiforme (hijiki) shoots from one batch collected at Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; controlled laboratory exposure to As(III),… (n=1) |
| 220 | Zhou et al. 2025. Exogenous Impurities in Baijiu: Sources, Detection, and Safety Strategies, Beverages | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN/EU Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Ni, Al, Cr, Fe occurrence in Narrative review of secondary literature on exogenous impurities in baijiu (Chinese distilled spirit). No new measurements; heavy-metal concentration… |
| 221 | Zvěřina et al. 2025. Essential and toxic elements in plant-based dairy alternatives: implications for vegan diets, European Food Research and Technology | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CZ/EU Pb, Cd occurrence in Fifty-four plant-based dairy alternative (PBDA) samples sourced from the Czech market in Brno, Czech Republic. Composition: 35 milk… (n=54) |
| 222 | Abdullahi et al. 2024. Seasonal Variation and Uptake Pattern of Heavy Metals in Maize, Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS) | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni occurrence in Maize grain and root samples from 10 locations in the Kano River Irrigation Project, Nigeria; wet season (Sept–Oct… (n=20) |
| 223 | Adelusi et al. 2024. Heavy Metal Contamination of Dairy Cattle Feed in the Free State and Limpopo Provinces of South Africa, Food Science & Nutrition | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, As, and Pb all below LOD in 70 South African dairy cattle feed samples; establishes that dairy feed in these provinces does not represent a significant Cd carryover pathway into milk |
| 224 | Adhikari et al. 2024. Concentrations and health risks of selected elements in leafy vegetables: a comparison between roadside open-air markets and large stores in Johannesburg, South Africa | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in five leafy vegetables from Johannesburg roadside markets and supermarkets; Cd elevated in unwashed open-air-market samples; washing reduced Cd-related cancer risk by 74–87% |
| 225 | Aendo et al. 2024. Heavy metal contamination in eggs on poultry farms and ecological risk assessment around a gold mine area in northern Thailand, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in eggs from 23 Thai poultry farms near a gold mine; Cd partitioned preferentially into egg albumen; soil Cd showed considerable-to-high ecological risk at all farm locations from mining legacy |
| 226 | Afzal et al. 2024. Emerging insights into the impacts of heavy metals exposure on health, reproductive and productive performance of livestock, Frontiers in Pharmacology | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Global/EU/PK Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn occurrence in Narrative review of livestock veterinary toxicology literature (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, horses, mink, rabbits, rodents, dogs, cats);… |
| 227 | Aishwarya et al. 2024. Role of Extremophiles in the Removal of Heavy Metal and E-Waste, Trends in Biotechnology of Polyextremophiles (Shah MP, Dey S, eds.), Springer Nature, Chapter 15, pp. 361-371 | 2024 | Review | Pb, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Cu, tHg, tAs, Zn occurrence in Narrative book-chapter review of extremophile microbiology in heavy-metal bioremediation and e-waste remediation. No primary sampling, no PRISMA, no… |
| 228 | Al-Otaibi et al. 2024. Screening for Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacteria and the Presence of Heavy Metals in the Upstream and Downstream Areas of the Wadi Hanifah Valley in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Antibiotics | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | SA Li, Be, Cr, Co, tAs, Cd, Sn, tHg, Pb occurrence in Surface-water samples collected in duplicate from 18 sites in Wadi Hanifah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in September 2022; sites… (n=18) |
| 229 | Ali et al. 2024. The Health Risk Assessment of Some Toxic Metals in Some Commonly Demand Facial Cosmetics in Benghazi-Libya Markets During 2022, Advanced Journal of Chemistry-Section B: Natural Products and Medical Chemistry 6(2):127-136 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | LY Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd occurrence in Eighteen facial cosmetic products sold in Benghazi, Libya cosmetic shops in 2022: six lipsticks, six mascaras, and six… (n=18) |
| 230 | Alinezhad et al. 2024. Concentration of heavy metals in pasteurized and sterilized milk and health risk assessment across the globe: A systematic review, PLOS ONE | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Systematic review of Cd in pasteurized and sterilized milk (48 studies, n=981 samples globally 2000–2023); Cd among the metals most commonly exceeding regulatory MPLs, particularly in Iran, China, Turkey, and Egypt |
| 231 | Aljubiri et al. 2024. Recycling of Sewage Sludge: Synthesis and Application of Sludge-Based Activated Carbon in the Efficient Removal of Cadmium (II) and Lead (II) from Wastewater, International Journal of Molecular Sciences | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | SA/EG Cd, Pb occurrence in Cd2+ and Pb2+ aqueous solutions treated with thickened and un-thickened sewage-sludge-based activated carbons SBAC1 and SBAC2. (n=Batch adsorption experiments across adsorbent dose, concentration, pH, contact-time, isotherm, kinetic, and regeneration conditions.) |
| 232 | Al et al. 2024. Heavy metals in Garra shamal freshwater fish from Oman: accumulation and health risk, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | OM tAs, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, Mn, tHg, Ni occurrence in Garra shamal fish collected from freshwater sites in Oman (n=120) |
| 233 | Alrashdi et al. 2024. Chemical analysis of toxic elements: total cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic and inorganic arsenic in local and imported rice consumed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | SA tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in 24 imported rice samples (India, USA, Australia, Pakistan, Thailand) and 9 locally grown Hassawi rice samples, collected from… (n=33) |
| 234 | Al-Sayyed et al. 2024. Screening for the Presence of Some Heavy Metals, Total Soluble Solids and Caffeine Contents in Some Energy Drinks Sold in Jordanian Market, Methods and Objects of Chemical Analysis | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | JO Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, Fe occurrence in The 10 most commonly consumed commercial energy-drink brands sold in the Jordanian market; six countries of origin represented… (n=10) |
| 235 | Alyasiri 2024. Detection of Aflatoxin M1 and Several Heavy Metals in Medical Infant Milk Formula Sold in Iraqi Markets, International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Bio-Medical Science | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Pb, Cd occurrence in medical infant milk formula sold in Iraqi markets |
| 236 | Bakhshalizadeh et al. 2024. Trace and heavy metal concentrations in pectoral fin of Acipenser stellatus (stellate sturgeon) from the Caspian Sea, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IR As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Ni, V occurrence in Stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) pectoral fin tissue, Caspian Sea, Iran (n=40) |
| 237 | Balogun et al. 2024. Heavy Metals Concentration In Body Creams Commonly Used In Delta State Tertiary Institutions And Their Implications For Human Health, International Journal of Innovative Environmental Studies Research 12(2):24-32 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Co, tAs, Mn, Ag, Zn, Ni, Cr, tHg occurrence in 20 body cream/lotion products purchased anonymously from college business centres at two Delta State tertiary institutions in Nigeria… (n=20) |
| 238 | Bao 2024. Single-particle ICP-MS characterisation of metal nanoparticles in mussels, unknown | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | tAs, Pb, Cd occurrence in Mussel tissue samples analysed for metal nanoparticles by single-particle ICP-MS (SP-ICP-MS) |
| 239 | Baptista et al. 2024. Heavy metals and metalloids in wild boars (Sus Scrofa) - a silent but serious public health hazard, Veterinary Research Communications | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | ES/EU tAs, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn occurrence in Twenty-eight hunted wild boars from Castile and Leon, Spain, sampled in February 2021; liver and kidney tissues were… (n=28) |
| 240 | Barborakova et al. 2024. Safety of black soldier fly larvae: microbial and heavy metal risks, Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | SK/EU Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn, Co occurrence in Black soldier fly larvae before experimental feeding and after four laboratory feed variants: egg pasta in whole milk,… (n=5) |
| 241 | Berber et al. 2024. Metal content and fatty acid profiles in narrow-clawed crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus) from Atikhisar Dam Lake, Turkey: seasonal variation and health risk assessment, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | TR Fe, Zn, Al, Cu, Mn, Se, As, Hg, Cd, Pb occurrence in Pontastacus leptodactylus (narrow-clawed crayfish) from Atikhisar Dam Lake, Çanakkale, Turkey; monthly sampling over 12 months; male and female… |
| 242 | Bhattacharya et al. 2024. Metal Contents in Traditional Alcoholic Rice Beers Prepared by Rabha and Sonowal Kachari Tribes of Assam, India, Asian Journal of Chemistry | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IN Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn occurrence in Four traditional alcoholic rice beers: sticky-rice beer of Pati Rabhas (Baksa and Bongaigaon districts), sticky-rice beer of Koch… (n=4) |
| 243 | P-C et al. 2024. Essential and toxic elements analysis of wild boar tissues from north-eastern Romania and health risk implications, Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | RO Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn occurrence in wild boar harvested in north-eastern Romania |
| 244 | Bravo et al. 2024. Cadmium in cacao crops and artisanal chocolates in the Arauca Department, Colombia, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CO Cd occurrence in 180 cacao farms surveyed across four municipalities in Arauca Department, Colombia (Arauquita, Fortul, Saravena, Tame); seed subsamples from… (n=20) |
| 245 | Bruno et al. 2024. Mineral composition in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and clam Tapes decussatus from Faro Lake of Messina: risk assessment for human health, Frontiers in Toxicology | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IT/EU tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Ni, Cr occurrence in 80 specimens of Mytilus galloprovincialis (mussel) and 80 specimens of Tapes decussatus (clam) collected from Faro Lake, Messina,… (n=160) |
| 246 | Bzikowska-Jura et al. 2024. Essential and non-essential element concentrations in human milk samples and the assessment of infants’ exposure, Scientific Reports 14:8140 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PL Al, tAs, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, tHg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl, Th, U, V occurrence in Thirty human-milk samples from exclusively breastfeeding mothers in Warsaw, Poland, collected 4-6 weeks postpartum (n=30) |
| 247 | Canadian Food Inspection Agency 2024. T-4-93 – Safety standards for fertilizers and supplements, Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) | 2024 | Regulation | CA tAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Ni, Se concentrations |
| 248 | Cantoral et al. 2024. Dietary Risk Assessment of Cadmium Exposure Through Commonly Consumed Foodstuffs in Mexico, Foods | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | MX Cd concentrations (n=143) |
| 249 | Cardoso et al. 2024. How Bacteria Cope with Oxidative Stress Induced by Cadmium: Volatile Communication Is Differentially Perceived among Strains, Antioxidants | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PT Cd occurrence in Thirteen bacterial strains previously isolated from legume root nodules, including three Rhizobium strains and strains of Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas,… (n=13) |
| 250 | Carpena et al. 2024. Assessment of the Chemical Hazards in Herbs Consumed in Europe: Toxins, Heavy Metals, and Pesticide Residues, Proceedings (MDPI) — 1st International Electronic Conference on Toxics (IECTO2024) | 2024 | Review | EU Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in Review and RASFF data synthesis covering herbs and spices in Europe, 2013–2023; no original measurements |
| 251 | Centre for the Promotion 2024. What requirements must cocoa meet to be allowed on the European market?, CBI (Centre for the Promotion of Imports from developing countries), Netherlands Enterprise Agency / Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs — market-information / buyer-requirements article | 2024 | Government guidance | EU Cd concentrations |
| 252 | Chamorro et al. 2024. Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus): health benefits, contaminants and risk-benefit analysis for human consumption, Food Reviews International | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | EU tHg, MeHg, Cd, Pb, As occurrence in Review of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) literature on contaminants and nutritional composition |
| 253 | Codex 2024. Report of the 17th Session of the Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods (REP24/CF17), Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Codex Alimentarius Commission | 2024 | Government report | international Pb, Cd, Hg, MeHg, iAs, tAs concentrations |
| 254 | Czarnek et al. 2024. Nutritional Risks of Heavy Metals in the Human Diet—Multi-Elemental Analysis of Energy Drinks, Nutrients | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Al, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Co, V, Sr, Ba, B occurrence in Nine commercially available energy-drink brands (anonymised ED1–ED9) sold in Lublin, Poland; all in aluminum cans; selected as the… (n=27) |
| 255 | Dogruyol et al. 2024. Evaluation of Health Risks Attributed to Toxic Trace Elements and Selenium in Farmed Mediterranean Mussels from Türkiye and Bulgaria, Environmental Science and Pollution Research (published online 1 February 2024) | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in farmed Mediterranean mussels (n=48) from 4 Turkish and Bulgarian aquaculture sites; annual farm means 0.115–0.323 µg/g ww, all below EU ML of 2 µg/g |
| 256 | Khatibi et al. 2024. Investigation of heavy metal concentrations and determination of estimated daily intake and health risk index infant formula and baby foods in Zahedan in 2020, Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences 42(2): 614-620 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd occurrence in 18 brands of powdered infant milk formula and 7 brands of baby cereals available in Zahedan, Sistan and… (n=25) |
| 257 | DTU National Food Institute 2024. Suggestive maximum limits for lead and cadmium in food contact materials, DTU National Food Institute memo no. 24/1014518 for the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration | 2024 | Regulatory report | DK/EU/DE Pb, Cd occurrence in DVFA 2023 internal testing summary for 47 ceramic cups, bowls, plates, and ovenproof dishes on the Danish market,… (n=47) |
| 258 | Eccles et al. 2024. Non-invasive biomonitoring of polar bear feces can be used to estimate concentrations of metals of concern in traditional food, PLOS ONE | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in polar bear muscle, liver, and fat across 6 Canadian Arctic subpopulations (n=49); context for Inuit traditional food exposure, with liver Cd substantially higher than muscle |
| 259 | HealthCare 2024. Metals and alloys used in food contact materials and articles: a technical guide for manufacturers and regulators, 2nd edition, Council of Europe / EDQM, European Committee for Food Contact Materials and Articles (CD-P-MCA) | 2024 | Regulatory report | EU Al, Sb, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Ag, Sn, Ti, V, Zn, Zr, tAs, Ba, Be, Cd, Pb, Li, tHg, Tl occurrence in Regulatory technical guide supplementing Council of Europe Resolution CM/Res(2020)9; no primary sample population. |
| 260 | EFSA 2024. Emerging chemical risks in food and feed, EFSA Supporting Publications 2024:EN-8992 | 2024 | Government report | EU tAs, Pb, Cd, tHg, Ni occurrence in Horizon-scanning meta-report — no primary sampling. Indexes outputs of six EFSA projects (SCREENER, TIM, CLEFSA, EuroCigua I/II, OCEANS,… |
| 261 | El et al. 2024. Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Instant Noodles from Local Markets in Benghazi, Libya, Sebha University Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | LY Cd, Cr, Pb, tAs, Sn occurrence in Seven instant-noodle samples randomly collected from local markets in Benghazi, Libya. The source discusses imported noodle origins but… (n=7) |
| 262 | EPA 2024. EPA’s Safer Choice and Design for the Environment (DfE) Standard (August 2024), U.S. EPA Safer Choice Program, Office of Pollution Prevention & Toxics (federal program standard document; first issued June 2009 as the DfE Standard for Safer Products; revised April 2011, September 2012, February 2015 as EPA’s Safer Choice Standard; current August 2024 revision) | 2024 | Government guidance | US Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr-VI occurrence in Not applicable: federal program standard document. The 36-page Standard body (plus four annexes A-D giving sample partnership-agreement templates)… |
| 263 | Esoyan et al. 2024. Impact of ceramic packaging on the quality and safety of Armenian fermented dairy product Matsoun, Functional Food Science | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | AM Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs occurrence in Six matsoun samples packaged in sterilized glass or ceramic containers and stored at 4 degrees C for 1,… (n=6) |
| 264 | Ewubare et al. 2024. An Academic Review on Heavy Metals in the Environment: Effects on Soil, Plants Human Health, and Possible Solutions, American Journal of Environmental Economics 3(1) 70-81 | 2024 | Review | NG Pb, Cd, tHg, MeHg, Cr, Cr-VI, tAs, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Sb, Tl, Mo occurrence in Narrative review article; no primary samples. Synthesizes literature retrieved from Google Scholar, Frontier in Microbiology, AJOL, Scopus, Web… |
| 265 | Cosmas et al. 2024. An evaluation of the health risks, antibiotic residue levels and potentially toxic ingredients in Nigerian poultry products, International Journal of Agricultural Invention | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | NG tAs, Pb, Cd occurrence in Broiler muscle, gizzard, yolk, and albumen samples from four poultry farms in Nigeria (n=36) |
| 266 | Fatai et al. 2024. Concentration and Health Risk Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals (HMs) in African spinach (Amaranthus hybridus) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Grown around Ashaka Community, Gombe State, Nigeria, Journal of Chemistry and Nutritional Biochemistry | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb occurrence in African spinach and tomato composite samples collected around Ashaka community, Gombe State, Nigeria (n=2) |
| 267 | FDA 2024. Analytical Results for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Food Intended for Babies and Young Children - TEP (FY2009-FY2024), FDA analytical results table | 2024 | Government dataset | FDA compliance-program dataset (FY2009–FY2024) for Cd and 3 other metals in US baby and young-child foods across 8+ product categories; primary US government occurrence dataset |
| 268 | Fei 2024. OFF-ON fluorescence sensor for cadmium detection validated in milk and seawater, unknown | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | OFF-ON fluorescence sensor for Cd detection validated in spiked milk and seawater; method development only, no occurrence data |
| 269 | LastName et al. 2024. Document title exactly as it appears on the source, Journal name or issuing body | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Template stub — no source content available; entry should be replaced or removed |
| 270 | Garuba et al. 2024. Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Commercial Baby Foods, Archives of Food and Nutritional Science | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd, tAs, Al, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu occurrence in 10 commercial baby food products (7 brands), US market, stages 1-3 infant/toddler formulations; purchased from retail stores in… (n=10) |
| 271 | Gautam et al. 2024. Health Risk Assessment: Formaldehyde and Heavy Metals in Finger Paints, Institute of Environmental Science and Research client report FW24026 for Health New Zealand, National Public Health Service, November 2024 | 2024 | Agency report | NZ/EU/AU tAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Al, Cu, Co, Mn, Zn occurrence in No original New Zealand market sampling. ESR/Health New Zealand risk assessment summarizing published finger-paint studies, European Safety Gate/RAPEX… |
| 272 | Ghosh et al. 2024. Effects of heavy metals on gut barrier integrity and gut microbiota, Microbiota and Host 2(1):e230015 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Review of mechanisms by which Cd (and Pb, As, Hg, Cr) damages intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and disrupts gut microbiota, contributing to chronic GI disease |
| 273 | Grzadka et al. 2024. Do You Know What You Drink? Comparative Research on the Contents of Radioisotopes and Heavy Metals in Different Types of Tea from Various Parts of the World, Foods | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PL/LK/IN Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V occurrence in Thirty commercial true-tea samples imported to the Polish market from 2021 to 2023: black tea (n=16), green tea… (n=30) |
| 274 | Guerrini et al. 2024. Content of Toxic Elements (Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead) in Eggs from an Ethically Managed Laying Hen Farm, Animals | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IT tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in 141 eggs from 5 hen genotypes at a rural ethical farm in Puglia, Italy; 60 organic supermarket eggs… (n=201) |
| 275 | Gül et al. 2024. Effects of cadmium and lead stress on quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) plant growth and antioxidant enzyme activities, Turkish Journal of Nature and Science | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Greenhouse study of Cd and Pb accumulation in quinoa under spiked-soil conditions; phytotoxicity context for quinoa as a potential Cd-accumulating pseudocereal |
| 276 | Guo et al. 2024. Effects of wollastonite and phosphate treatments on cadmium bioaccessibility and health risk in pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) grown in contaminated soil, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd total content and in vitro bioaccessibility in pak choi grown in Cd-contaminated Chinese soil; wollastonite and phosphate amendments reduce bioaccessible Cd fraction |
| 277 | Gupta et al. 2024. Assessment of human health risks posed by toxic heavy metals in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) from the Cauvery River, India, Frontiers in Public Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (alongside Cr, Pb, Ni) in muscle, liver, and gills of tilapia (n=16) from the Cauvery River, Tamil Nadu, India |
| 278 | Hamad et al. 2024. Effective fabrication and characterization of eco-friendly nano particles composite for adsorption Cd (II) and Cu (II) ions from aqueous solutions using modelling studies, Scientific Reports | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | EG Cd, Cu occurrence in Synthetic aqueous Cu(II) and Cd(II) solutions treated with CS@Fe-PA and MgO@Pp adsorbent composites prepared from chitosan, Fe(III)-treated Padina… (n=Batch adsorption experiments across pH, initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose, kinetics, thermodynamics, and four regeneration cycles.) |
| 279 | Hands et al. 2024. A multi-year heavy metal analysis of 72 dark chocolate and cocoa products in the USA, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and Pb in 72 US dark chocolate and cocoa products across 4 cohorts (2014–2022); 35% exceeded Prop 65 MADLs for Cd per serving; organic products had higher Cd |
| 280 | Hands et al. 2024. A multi-year heavy metal analysis of 72 dark chocolate and cocoa products in the USA, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Near-duplicate of FM_11321977; same multi-year US dark chocolate and cocoa Cd/Pb/tAs dataset (n=72 products, 2014–2022 cohorts) |
| 281 | Hernandez-Cruz et al. 2024. Sulforaphane Exposure Prevents Cadmium-Induced Toxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by Regulating the Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling (IIS) Pathway, Antioxidants | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | MX Cd occurrence in Caenorhabditis elegans wild-type Bristol N2 and mutant/reporter strains exposed to CdCl2 and sulforaphane in controlled laboratory assays; per-assay… |
| 282 | Hossain et al. 2024. Effects of soil pH and organic matter on the accumulation of cadmium in the grains of salt tolerant rice genotypes grown in Cd contaminated soil, Khulna University Studies | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | BD Cd occurrence in Four rice genotypes grown in Cd-stressed pot experiments across soil pH and organic-matter treatments (n=36) |
| 283 | Huda et al. 2024. A potential toxicological risk assessment of heavy metals and pesticides in irrigated rice cultivars near industrial areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | BD tAs, Se, Pb, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, V, Fe, tHg occurrence in Soil, irrigation water, husk, rice grain, and stem samples from three rice fields near Gazipur, north of Dhaka,… |
| 284 | Hussein et al. 2024. Risk assessment of some toxic metals in canned fish products retailed in Mansoura, Egypt, Open Veterinary Journal | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (alongside Pb, As, Hg, Al, Sn) in 100 canned fish products (herring, mackerel, salmon, sardine, tuna) from retail in Mansoura, Egypt |
| 285 | Ibrahim et al. 2024. Correlates of Food Contamination by Heavy Metals in Northwest Nigeria, Environmental Health Insights | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, and Hg in 361 staple food samples (cereals and legumes) from 4 LGAs in Jigawa State, northwest Nigeria; Cd universally below reference thresholds in this dataset |
| 286 | Ibrahim et al. 2024. Heavy metals in raw milk and Egyptian cheese types, Open Veterinary Journal | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and Pb in 100 raw bovine milk and 100 Egyptian cheese samples (Karish, Domiati, Ras) from Alexandria and Cairo; 4% of raw milk samples exceeded Egyptian Cd limit |
| 287 | Inc. 2024. Contaminants in Vaginal Tampons: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR), Final report prepared for FDA CDRH by International Consulting Associates, Inc., Version 5.0, December 5, 2024. | 2024 | Regulatory agency report | US tAs, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, tHg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V, Zn, Ca occurrence in Nine studies included in an FDA CDRH-commissioned systematic literature review on vaginal tampon contaminants: four bench/laboratory studies of… (n=9) |
| 288 | Inoue et al. 2024. Engineering Rice Nramp5 Modifies Cadmium and Manganese Uptake Selectivity Using Yeast Assay System, Frontiers in Plant Science 15:1482099 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Molecular basis for rice Cd uptake: engineering OsNramp5 transporter to preferentially transport Mn over Cd; underpins low-Cd cultivar development strategy |
| 289 | Islam et al. 2024. A Systematic Review on Heavy Metals Contamination in Bangladeshi Fruits and Their Associated Health Risks, Environmental Health Insights | 2024 | Review | BD As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, tHg occurrence in Systematic review of 10 cross-sectional studies on heavy metals in Bangladeshi fruits (2012–2022), covering banana, mango, jackfruit, papaya,… (n=10) |
| 290 | Kamouh et al. 2024. Heavy metals load in chicken meat and its reduction by probiotic strains, Open Veterinary Journal | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and Pb in 100 Egyptian chicken samples (breast, thigh, gizzard, liver) from Kafr El-Sheikh and El-Gharbia; liver accumulates highest Cd, most within EOS limits |
| 291 | Katebe et al. 2024. Application of soil amendments to reduce the transfer of trace metal elements from contaminated soils of Lubumbashi (Democratic Republic of the Congo) to vegetables, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (alongside Pb, As) in 4 vegetable species grown in mine-contaminated soils in Lubumbashi, DRC; soil amendments partially reduce metal transfer in low-contamination conditions |
| 292 | Kaya et al. 2024. Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Milk and Their Packaging Materials and Statistical Analysis, Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | TR Pb, tAs, Cd, Ni, Al occurrence in 10 commercial liquid milk brands (labeled T1–T10) sold in Turkish markets, each analyzed alongside their corresponding packaging material;… (n=10) |
| 293 | Kim 2024. Potential migration of heavy metals from food containers and health risk assessment, unknown | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd migration from 120 disposable food containers (paper and plastic) into food simulants in South Korea; supply-chain packaging exposure pathway |
| 294 | Kim et al. 2024. Nutrients and non-essential metals in darkibor kale grown at urban and rural farms: a pilot study, PLOS ONE | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and 7 other metals in Darkibor kale from urban and rural farms in Maryland (n=42); urban kale shows higher non-essential metals including Cd, though concentrations remain below public health guidelines |
| 295 | Knoll et al. 2024. Foraging Activity of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L., 1758) and Exposure to Cadmium: a Review | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Review of pathways by which Cd enters bee colonies through foraging and appears in honey and bee products; frames honeybees as Cd bioindicators and human dietary exposure vectors |
| 296 | Kopru et al. 2024. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection of trace metal contents of children cosmetics, Optical and Quantum Electronics 56(8):399 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | TR/US/CA Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Se, tHg, Cd, Pb occurrence in Thirty cosmetic products purchased from local markets in Turkey, marketed as children’s cosmetics and sold within three different… (n=30) |
| 297 | Kovacik et al. 2024. Microelements, Fatty Acid Profile, and Selected Biomarkers in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Muscle Tissue: Seasonal Variations and Health Risk Assessment, Research (journal not specified in text; published online 9 May 2024) | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (alongside 9 other metals) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) dorsal muscle from a Slovak university pond (n=36); seasonal variation assessed |
| 298 | Maciej et al. 2024. Assessment of heavy metal contamination and associated health risk indices in commercial herbal tea samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, International Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr occurrence in Commercial herbal tea samples purchased from Polish retail markets (n=48) |
| 299 | Krasnopyorova et al. 2024. Trace Element Composition of Surface Water in Almaty City and Human Health Risk Assessment | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in surface water from 4 rivers in Almaty, Kazakhstan (n=64 samples, 4 seasons); primary drinking-water sources for the city; non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessed |
| 300 | Laoye et al. 2024. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in fish, fruits, and vegetables in Southwest Nigeria: A systematic review, F1000Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Systematic review (64 studies) of Cd, Pb, Hg, and As in fish, fruits, and vegetables in Southwest Nigeria (2014–2024); fish Cd frequently exceeds WHO limits |
| 301 | Lehel et al. 2024. Possible Metal Burden of Potentially Toxic Elements in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on Aquaculture Farm, Fishes | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IT/HU/EU tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in Farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) flesh; 40 fish purchased at a fishery market in Hungary but originating from… (n=40) |
| 302 | Levin et al. 2024. Drinking water quality in the United States: a review of contaminants, regulations, and health implications, Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Review of Cd (and Pb, As, U, Hg, Cr) in US drinking water; regulatory gap analysis between current MCLs and health-protective thresholds |
| 303 | Li et al. 2024. Achieving synergistic benefits through integrated governance of cultivated cadmium contamination via multistakeholder collaboration, Nature Communications | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Largest published field-scale Cd governance study: 57–78% Cd reduction in Xiangjiang River Basin rice grain over 7 years (2014–2020) via integrated agronomic management across 180,000 ha |
| 304 | Li et al. 2024. Effects of selenium and cadmium on human liver and kidney functions in exposed black shale areas, GeoHealth | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in locally grown rice from two Chinese black shale exposure areas (n=168 samples); paired with human biomonitoring to assess Se-Cd antagonism on liver and kidney function |
| 305 | Liang et al. 2024. The dissolved organic matter from the co-decomposition of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw induces the strengthening of Cd remediation by Fe-modified biochar, Biochar | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in Six paddy-soil amendment treatments, each replicated four times, in a Changsha, Hunan pot experiment using Cd-polluted paddy soil (n=24) |
| 306 | Limmer et al. 2024. Controlling exposure to As and Cd from rice via irrigation management, Environmental Science & Technology | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Quantitative dose-response of irrigation regime on Cd and iAs concentrations in polished rice grain; confirms inverse accumulation dynamics of Cd (aerobic) vs iAs (flooded) and identifies mid-season drainage as best compromise |
| 307 | S-T et al. 2024. Determination, distribution, and health risk assessment of 12 heavy metals in various edible oils in Taiwan, JSFA Reports | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | TW tAs, Pb, Cd, Ni, V, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ba occurrence in 12 types of refined commercial edible oils (n=25 samples) and 12 types of unrefined (cold-pressed/virgin) commercial edible oils… (n=50) |
| 308 | Luo 2024. ADA/VBB colorimetric method for cadmium detection in rice, milk, and vegetables with real sample measurements, unknown | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Colorimetric ADA/VBB method for Cd detection applied to real rice, milk, and vegetable samples; method validation with actual food-matrix occurrence measurements |
| 309 | Luo et al. 2024. Peptides Used for Heavy Metal Remediation: A Promising Approach, International Journal of Molecular Sciences | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb, Cd, tHg, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, tAs occurrence in Narrative review; no primary measurements. |
| 310 | Ma et al. 2024. Occurrence of heavy metals in sanitary napkins from seven countries: Implication for risk management of female hygiene products, Environmental Technology & Innovation | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CN/JP/KR tAs, Co, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr occurrence in 56 sanitary-napkin composite samples from seven countries: China n=20, Japan n=6, South Korea n=6, United States n=6, United… (n=56) |
| 311 | Mahdi et al. 2024. Detection of some heavy metals in meat cooked in different utensils, Samarra Journal of Pure and Applied Science | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Al occurrence in Meat cooked in clay, iron, copper, aluminium, Tefal/Teflon, and glass/Pyrex utensils in Tikrit, Iraq. (n=6) |
| 312 | Maisto et al. 2024. Effects of Food-Derived Antioxidant Compounds on In Vitro Heavy Metal Intestinal Bioaccessibility, Antioxidants | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IT tHg, Cd, tAs, Pb, Sb, Cu, Zn, Fe occurrence in Triplicate in vitro gastrointestinal digestion experiments using water spiked with standardized heavy-metal concentrations and treated with maltodextrin-based quercetin,… (n=3) |
| 313 | Malone et al. 2024. Trace Metal Contamination in Community Garden Soils across the United States, Sustainability | 2024 | Review | US Pb, tAs, Cd occurrence in Review of 52 peer-reviewed articles on community garden soil contamination across the United States, published through January 2024 |
| 314 | Mancuso et al. 2024. Food contamination and cardiovascular disease: a narrative review | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Narrative review linking Cd (and As, Pb, Hg) dietary exposure to cardiovascular disease mechanisms; no primary concentration data |
| 315 | Marcelis 2024. Development of a generic safety assessment strategy for feminine intimate products, PhD thesis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel | 2024 | Thesis | EU/US/CN Li, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Se, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Sn, tHg occurrence in PhD thesis built around a market survey of 64 feminine intimate products from the EU, US, and Asia/China:… (n=64) |
| 316 | Margaoan et al. 2024. Environmental pollution effect on honey bees and their derived products: a comprehensive analysis, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Comprehensive review of Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Cr, and Ni contamination in honey, pollen, beeswax, and other bee products; covers bioindicator use and human health implications |
| 317 | Mehri et al. 2024. A probabilistic health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in edible vegetable oils consumed in Hamadan, Iran, BMC Public Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, tAs, Fe, Zn occurrence in Traditional and industrial edible vegetable oils (peanut, sunflower, olive, sesame) from Hamadan, western Iran, 2022; n=20 traditional +… (n=40) |
| 318 | Mekonnen et al. 2024. Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fruits in Bahir Dar Town, Northwest Ethiopia, International Journal of Food Science | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, and Cr in commonly consumed fruits (mango, banana, orange, n=120) from Bahir Dar markets, northwest Ethiopia |
| 319 | Meli et al. 2024. Chemical characterization of baby food consumed in Italy, PLOS ONE | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (alongside Al, As, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sn) in Italian baby foods including infant formula, fruit purees, meat purees, fish, and cereals; multi-category survey |
| 320 | Mercan et al. 2024. Experimental study for inorganic and organic profiling of toy makeup products: Estimating the potential threat to child health, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 31: 33975–33992 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | TR/CN/EU Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Se, Sb, Pb, Zn occurrence in Sixty-three toy makeup products purchased from toy stores in Istanbul, Turkey, representing ten different brands coded BRAND A–J… (n=63) |
| 321 | Mohammadi et al. 2024. Evaluation of carcinogenic risk of heavy metals due to consumption of rice in Southwestern Iran, Toxicology Reports | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni occurrence in 16 local Champa rice samples after harvesting and husking, purchased from farmers in Lordegan (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province)… (n=16) |
| 322 | Mohammadian-Hafshejani et al. 2024. Investigating the Relationship between Cadmium Exposure and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis, Journal of Health (Tehran University of Medical Sciences) | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Dose-response meta-analysis (16 studies) of Cd exposure and prostate cancer risk; pooled OR 1.16 at highest exposure quartile, not statistically significant |
| 323 | Morshed et al. 2024. Heavy Metals Accumulation in Different Organs of Poultry and Hypothetical Risk Analysis: Evidence from Experimental Feeding with Assorted Metal Feed, Research Square (preprint) | 2024 | Preprint | BD Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in 24 day-old broiler chickens divided into 8 groups (C0–C7; 3 birds per group), Bangladesh; experimentally fed graded concentrations… (n=24) |
| 324 | Moussa et al. 2024. Impact of source, packaging and presence of food safety management system on heavy metals levels in spices and herbs, PLoS ONE | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, As, and Hg in 96 composite samples of 13 Lebanese dried herbs and spices; impact of source, packaging, and food safety management systems on contamination levels |
| 325 | Munarso et al. 2024. From bean to market: exploring the chemical and production dynamics of high-quality Indonesian vanilla, Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | ID Pb, Cd occurrence in 28 cured vanilla bean samples across 4 quality grades (Gourmet/Grade A, Grade B, Grade C, Broken Grade D)… (n=28) |
| 326 | Muntean et al. 2024. Evaluation of Alternative Sources of Proteins and Other Nutrients with Potential Applications in Fish Nutrition, Molecules | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | RO Al, Ni, tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Alternative protein flours for potential fish-nutrition use, including gastropod flours, hepatopancreas flour, sunflower, hemp, flax, pumpkin, coffee grounds,… (n=55) |
| 327 | Naspolini et al. 2024. Lead contamination in human milk affects infants’ language trajectory: results from a prospective cohort study, Frontiers in Public Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, As, and Hg in 185 human milk samples from São Paulo, Brazil; Cd was not detected above LOQ in any sample in this cohort |
| 328 | Nurhidayanti et al. 2024. Adsorption, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies for the Adsorption of Cadmium onto Combination of Chitosan and Coffee Ground Activated Carbon, Rekayasa | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | ID Cd occurrence in Triplicate laboratory adsorption experiments using chitosan and coffee-ground activated carbon to reduce cadmium in industrial wastewater from Bekasi… |
| 329 | Association 2024. OEKO-TEX® Limit values: New regulations 2024, OEKO-TEX® Service GmbH customer information notice, 09 January 2024, Zurich, Switzerland. Updates applicable test criteria, limit values, and requirements for the OEKO-TEX® STANDARD 100, ORGANIC COTTON, LEATHER STANDARD, ECO PASSPORT, and STeP certification labels; new values binding from 01 April 2024 after a three-month transition period. | 2024 | Industry | INT/EU/CH Pb, Cd, tAs, Sb, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, tHg occurrence in Not a primary-measurement study. The notice publishes the OEKO-TEX Association’s updated 2024 limit values for the STANDARD 100,… |
| 330 | Okeke et al. 2024. Evaluating the ecological consequences of heavy metal contamination in soil induced by spent engine oil and palm oil mill effluents for sustainable development, Sustainable Social Development | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | NG Zn, Ni, tHg, Mn, Pb, Fe, Cu, Co, Cr, Cd occurrence in Soils from palm oil mill effluent, spent engine oil effluent, and uncontaminated control sites at Ebonyi State University’s… |
| 331 | Okonofua et al. 2024. Analysis of Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Water, Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis niloticus) from Unreclaimed Mining Pits, Earth Sciences Pakistan | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, tHg, Ni occurrence in Water (32 samples), cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata (8 samples), and tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (8 samples) from unreclaimed… (n=48) |
| 332 | Omirzakov et al. 2024. Analysis of heavy metals content in domestic and imported poultry meat, Herald of Science of S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University: Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | KZ tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in Domestic and imported poultry meat sampled in Kazakhstan |
| 333 | Onyena et al. 2024. Lactational Exposure of Human Infants to Metal(loid)s in Sub-Saharan Africa and Mediterranean Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Current Research in Toxicology | 2024 | Review | Meta-analysis (42 studies) of Cd, Pb, Hg, Se, and Fe in breast milk from Sub-Saharan Africa vs Mediterranean Europe; Cd substantially higher in SSA breast milk |
| 334 | Onyena et al. 2024. Lactational exposure of human infants to metal(loid)s in Sub-Saharan Africa and Mediterranean Europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Current Research in Toxicology | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | NG/GH/ZA Al, tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb, Ni, Cr occurrence in Healthy lactating mothers from Sub-Saharan Africa (25 studies) and Mediterranean Europe (17 studies) with breast milk samples (n=42) |
| 335 | Osei-Safo et al. 2024. Trace and Heavy Metals in Locally and Imported Spices Sold on Markets in Accra Metropolis, Ghana, The Scientific World Journal | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, and As in 90 spice samples (10 spice types) from Accra Metropolis markets, Ghana; multi-origin spices including ginger, turmeric, garlic, and pepper |
| 336 | Oviri et al. 2024. Assessment of the concentrations and human exposure to heavy metals in bathing soaps in Nigeria, FUDMA Journal of Sciences 8(3 Special Issue): 422-430 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Ni, Zn, Co, Cd, Cr occurrence in Seventeen bathing soaps purchased from supermarkets in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria: five medicated soaps, six moisturizing soaps, three… (n=17) |
| 337 | Páez-Osuna et al. 2024. Tilapia as a model fish for biomonitoring of metal pollution in dams associated with mining watersheds: contrasting diagnosis from different tissues and health risk assessment, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in muscle, liver, gills, and gut of blue tilapia (n=320) from 11 mining-watershed dams in Sinaloa, Mexico; liver accumulates highest Cd; elevated Pb risk in contaminated dams |
| 338 | Pikounis et al. 2024. Urinary biomarkers of exposure to toxic and essential elements: A comparison of infants fed with human milk or formula, Environmental Epidemiology | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Urinary Cd biomarker comparison in US infants fed human milk vs formula; context for how infant feeding mode affects toxic metal exposure |
| 339 | Pokorska-Niewiada et al. 2024. Tracking Trace Elements Found in Coffee and Infusions of Commercially Available Coffee Products Marketed in Poland, Foods | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd occurrence in Ground coffees from four producers (brands A-D) and instant coffees from four producers (brands E-H) available on the… (n=120) |
| 340 | Pusz et al. 2024. Influence of Carbons on Metal Stabilization and the Reduction in Soil Phytotoxicity with the Assessment of Health Risks, Resources | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn occurrence in Pot experiment on 21 soil-amendment combinations in triplicate (n=63 pot-replicates): five soil origins (SC low-contamination control plus four… (n=63) |
| 341 | Ramadan et al. 2024. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and water quality index of Bahr Mouse stream in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in surface water from Bahr Mouse stream, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt (n=38); water quality index and health risk assessment |
| 342 | Rohonczy et al. 2024. Cadmium and mercury trophic transfer in the Arctic marine food web of Hudson Bay, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd trophic transfer and trophic magnification factors in the Hudson Bay Arctic marine food web across 5 species; Cd biomagnifies differently from Hg in this system |
| 343 | Rossini-Oliva et al. 2024. Is it healthy urban agriculture? Human exposure to potentially toxic elements in urban gardens from Andalusia, Spain, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and As in edible vegetables from urban gardens in Andalusia, Spain including Riotinto mining area (n=282); health risk from urban agriculture consumption |
| 344 | Salem et al. 2024. Influence of the use of remediated soil and agricultural drainage water on the safety of tomato fruits, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and Ni in tomato fruits grown on contaminated and bioremediated soils in Egypt; soil remediation treatments reduce Cd transfer to fruit |
| 345 | Serrano et al. 2024. Phosphorus-Loaded Biochar-Assisted Phytoremediation to Immobilize Cadmium, Chromium, and Lead in Soils, ACS Omega | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CO Cd, Cr, Pb occurrence in Laboratory rhizobox treatments using Cd-, Cr-, or Pb-spiked Colombian soil, Lolium perenne, and four phosphorus-loaded biochar amendments plus… (n=15) |
| 346 | Serreau et al. 2024. Pollutants in Breast Milk: A Scoping Review of the Most Recent Data in 2024, Healthcare | 2024 | Review | Pb, Cd occurrence in Scoping review of 54 articles (1995–2023) on persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals in breast milk; globally distributed… |
| 347 | Seyfferth et al. 2024. Mitigating Toxic Metal Exposure Through Leafy Greens: A Comprehensive Review Contrasting Cadmium and Lead in Spinach, GeoHealth | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Comprehensive US review of Cd and Pb in spinach; Cd 0.01–1.1 mg/kg fw, higher in recent TDS data; mitigation strategies including chloride reduction in irrigation water |
| 348 | Shaalan 2024. Hazardous effects of heavy metal pollution on Nile tilapia in the aquatic ecosystem of the Eastern Delta in Egypt, BMC Veterinary Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, Hg, and other metals in Nile tilapia (n=120) from the Eastern Delta, Egypt; tissue-level accumulation gradients and aquatic ecosystem health assessment |
| 349 | Shearston et al. 2024. Tampons as a source of exposure to metal(loid)s, Environment International | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | US/EU/UK tAs, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, tHg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn occurrence in 30 tampons from 14 brands and 18 product lines, purchased in the United States, European Union, and United… (n=60) |
| 350 | Si et al. 2024. Research progress in the detection of trace heavy metal ions in food samples, Frontiers in Chemistry | 2024 | Review | Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr, Ni occurrence in Mini-review of nanomaterial-based analytical methods for trace heavy metal detection in food samples, published 2024 |
| 351 | Song et al. 2024. Potential Protective Effect of Selenium-Enriched Lactobacillus plantarum on Cadmium-Induced Liver Injury in Mice, Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd, Se occurrence in Seventy-two male C57BL/6 mice divided into control, cadmium model, Lactobacillus plantarum, cadmium plus L. plantarum, cadmium plus selenium… (n=72) |
| 352 | Spungen et al. 2024. Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | FDA Total Diet Study 2018–2020 dietary exposure estimates for Pb and Cd in US infants (0–11 months) and young children (1–6 years); processed baby food and infant formula as the dominant exposure category |
| 353 | Subhanullah et al. 2024. The detrimental effects of heavy metals on tributaries exert pressure on water quality, Crossocheilus diplocheilus, and the well-being of human health, Scientific Reports | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PK tAs, Cd, Pb, Fe, Mn, Zn occurrence in Crossocheilus diplocheilus fish and river-water samples collected at seven River Panjkora locations in Pakistan. (n=7) |
| 354 | Subhanullah et al. 2024. The detrimental effects of heavy metals on tributaries exert pressure on water quality, Crossocheilus aplocheilus, and the well-being of human health, Scientific Reports 14:2868 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PK Fe, Pb, Mn, Zn, Cd, tAs occurrence in Crossocheilus fish muscle and river-water samples from seven Panjkora River locations in Pakistan, with additional tributary water context (n=7) |
| 355 | Sushila et al. 2024. Literature review and health risks assessment of heavy metal contamination in human milk, Discover Minerals | 2024 | Review | IR/CY/PK Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Ni, Cr occurrence in Systematic review of 22 studies on heavy metals in human breast milk, multiple countries (Iran, Cyprus, Pakistan, China,… |
| 356 | Tang et al. 2024. Responses of Crop Yield, Soil Fertility, and Heavy Metals to Spent Mushroom Residues Application, Plants | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cr, Cd, Pb occurrence in Seven fertilization treatments in a Chengdu Plain rice-wheat rotation field experiment: no fertilizer, mineral NPK, and NPK plus… (n=7) |
| 357 | Tkachuk et al. 2024. Ecological safety of sunflower seeds in the conditions of agricultural intensification, Scientific Horizons | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | UA Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, tHg occurrence in sunflower seeds and soil under intensive agricultural technology (n=one production batch) |
| 358 | Toledo et al. 2024. Essential and Toxic Elements in Infant Cereal in Brazil: Exposure Risk Assessment, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21(4):381 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and 11 other metals in 18 Brazilian infant cereals (rice, multi-grain, non-rice) with EPA/Codex cancer and non-cancer risk assessment for infant exposure |
| 359 | Torabi et al. 2024. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Marine Fish Caught from the Northwest Persian Gulf, Biological Trace Element Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IR Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd occurrence in Twenty fish from each of three marine species (Psettodes erumei, Sphyraena jello, and Sillago sihama) collected from six… (n=60) |
| 360 | Torres et al. 2024. Potentially Toxic Elements in Commercial Soap and Powder Detergent Samples, Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 35(4): e-20230164, 1-10 (Sociedade Brasileira de Quimica) | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | BR Pb, Cd, Zn, Mg occurrence in Nine commercial cleaning products purchased in the metropolitan region of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil: one powder detergent (J1), four… (n=9) |
| 361 | Tran et al. 2024. QTL mapping for grain mineral accumulation in a Vietnamese rice landrace collection, PLOS ONE | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 184 Vietnamese rice landraces: mean 0.21 ppm in both brown and white rice (range 0.02–0.53), with QTL mapping identifying 2 genomic loci controlling grain Cd accumulation |
| 362 | Urosevic et al. 2024. Phytoremediation Potential of Different Genotypes of Salix alba and S. viminalis, Plants | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | RS Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, tAs occurrence in Kolubara Mining Basin soil and nursery-control soil, plus four willow genotypes grown in contaminated substrate and a control… (n=6) |
| 363 | Vella et al. 2024. Investigation on the Concentration of Heavy Metals found in Local Olives and Waste Material through AAS, MCAST Journal of Applied Research & Practice, Vol. 8, Issue 2 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | MT Cd, Ni, Fe, Cu, Co, Zn occurrence in Four olive cultivars (Carolea, Cipressina, Leccino, Bidni) from a single Maltese cultivator, sampled across four fractions: skin, pit,… (n=4) |
| 364 | Wale 2024. Comparisons of Different Digestion Methods for Heavy Metal Analysis from Fruits, Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry | 2024 | Review | Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, Co, Zn occurrence in Single-author 6-page narrative review (Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 7-12) by the same Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research… |
| 365 | Wang et al. 2024. Study on Adsorption of Cd in Solution and Soil by Modified Biochar-Calcium Alginate Hydrogel, Gels | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in Cd(NO3)2 aqueous solutions and Cd-contaminated soil treated with a pine-sawdust modified biochar-calcium alginate hydrogel composite. (n=Triplicate pH adsorption tests, kinetic sampling from 1 to 1440 min, and a 30-day soil-culture experiment.) |
| 366 | Wu 2024. Cadmium colorimetric sensor using silica sol in water, unknown | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Silica sol-based colorimetric sensor for Cd in water; method development only, no food occurrence data |
| 367 | Wu 2024. Contamination of Heavy Metal(Loid)S in Cereals, Vegetables, and Legumes Purchased from Local Markets of Jiaozuo, China and The Associated Health Risk Assessment, International Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, 2(1): 180-200 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn occurrence in 244 commercially purchased food samples from six supermarkets, six farmers’ markets, and one wholesale market across Shanyang and… (n=244) |
| 368 | Wu 2024. Contamination of Heavy Metal(Loid)S in Cereals, Vegetables, and Legumes Purchased from Local Markets of Jiaozuo, China and The Associated Health Risk Assessment, International Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, 2(1): 180–202 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs, tHg, Ni, Cu, Zn occurrence in 244 retail food samples purchased from 13 sampling points (6 supermarkets, 6 farmers’ markets, 1 wholesale market) across… (n=244) |
| 369 | Yang 2024. LIBS detection of cadmium in Panax notoginseng, unknown | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | LIBS method for Cd detection in Panax notoginseng botanical matrix; method development, no occurrence data |
| 370 | Yang et al. 2024. Metallothionein: A Comprehensive Review of Its Classification, Structure, Biological Functions, and Applications, Antioxidants | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, iAs, Cr-VI, Ni, tHg occurrence in Narrative review; no primary measurements. |
| 371 | Yildiz et al. 2024. Determination of Some Minerals and Heavy metals in Raw Cow’s Milk Collected from Different Regions of Muş Province, Afyon Kocatepe University – Journal of Science and Engineering (AKU J. Sci. Eng.) | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | TR Pb, Cd occurrence in 10 raw cow milk samples from different regions of Muş province, eastern Turkey (n=10) |
| 372 | Yohannes et al. 2024. Analysis of heavy metals and minerals in edible vegetable oils produced and marketed in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia, BMC Public Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | ET Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn occurrence in Edible vegetable oils (Niger seed, mixed oil, soybean, sunflower) from Gondar City markets, Northwest Ethiopia; May–July 2021; locally… (n=17) |
| 373 | Zhang et al. 2024. Impact of Physical Interventions, Phosphorus Fertilization, and the Utilization of Soil Amendments on the Absorption of Cadmium by Lettuce Grown in a Solar-Powered Greenhouse, Biology | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in One-cycle randomized-block solar-greenhouse field trial in Nanying Village, Wuquan Town, Yangling District, Shaanxi Province, China; each treatment had… (n=3) |
| 374 | Zhao et al. 2024. Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Food: Current Status, Health Risks, and Mitigation Strategies, Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Global review of Cd, As, and Pb in 25+ food categories using Total Diet Study data from 7+ countries; vulnerable populations (infants, children, pregnant women) at or above JECFA/EFSA guidance values for Cd |
| 375 | Zhao 2024. ZnO@SiO2 core-shell fluorescent sensor for cadmium detection, unknown | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | ZnO@SiO2 core-shell fluorescence sensor for Cd detection; method development only, no food occurrence data |
| 376 | Zhu et al. 2024. Toxic and essential metals: metabolic interactions with the gut microbiota and health implications, Frontiers in Nutrition 11:1448388 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Review of bidirectional Cd-gut microbiota interactions: Cd drives Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium loss and Proteobacteria expansion; microbiota modulates Cd biotransformation and absorption |
| 377 | Zhuzhassarova et al. 2024. Fish and Seafood Safety: Human Exposure to Toxic Metals from the Aquatic Environment and Fish in Central Asia, International Journal of Molecular Sciences | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | KZ/KG/TJ tAs, tHg, Cd, Pb occurrence in Narrative review of As, Hg, Cd, Pb in water bodies, fish, and human biomonitoring across five Central Asian… |
| 378 | Abatemi-Usman et al. 2023. Trace elements concentrations in soil contaminate corn in the vicinity of a cement-manufacturing plant: potential health implications, Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Ni, and Cu in corn grain and soil from 5 farmlands near Obajana cement plant, Kogi State, Nigeria (n=89); industrial point-source contamination pathway |
| 379 | Abbas et al. 2023. Heavy Metals Assessment and Health Risk to Consumers of Two Commercial Fish Species from Polyculture Fishponds in El-Sharkia and Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt: Physiological and Biochemical Study, Biological Trace Element Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in Nile tilapia and mullet tissues from Egyptian aquaculture ponds (n=45); Cd poses carcinogenic risk to children consuming Bolti muscle from El-Sharkia ponds |
| 380 | Abbas 2023. Heavy Metal Levels and Cancer Risk Assessments of the Commercial Denis, Sparus aurata Collected from Bardawil Lake and Private Fish Farm Waters as a Cultured Source, Egypt | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, Ni, Fe, Cu, and Zn in wild vs farmed gilthead seabream (n=80) from Bardawil Lake and private fish farms, Egypt |
| 381 | Abdel-Tawwab et al. 2023. Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplemented diets mitigate the effects of waterborne cadmium toxicity on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.): growth performance, haemato-biochemical, stress biomarkers, and histopathological investigations | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd bioaccumulation in gilthead seabream muscle, liver, and gills under waterborne Cd exposure; Saccharomyces cerevisiae dietary supplementation reduces Cd residues in fish organs |
| 382 | Abdolahpour et al. 2023. The health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables grown in Babol city, Iran, International Archives of Health Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd occurrence in Eight vegetable types (parsley, spinach, basil, tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, onions, beans) from Babol, Mazandaran Province, northern Iran; 4… (n=32) |
| 383 | Aburas et al. 2023. Pollution assessment by estimation of Lead and Cadmium concentrations and some physical properties in a number of types of Libyan Honey, Bani Waleed University Journal of Humanities and Applied Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | LY Pb, Cd occurrence in Five Libyan honey types or honey-derived samples: thyme, tamarisk/athel, sidr, sugar-solution honey, and black honey (n=5) |
| 384 | Abu et al. 2023. Unraveling the hydrogeochemical evolution and pollution sources of shallow aquifer using multivariate statistical analysis and hydrogeochemical techniques: a case study of the Quaternary aquifer in Beni Suef area, Egypt, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | EG Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Ni, Al, Sn occurrence in Quaternary aquifer groundwater samples, Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt (n=18) |
| 385 | Ahmed et al. 2023. Trace metal concentrations in tomato fruits irrigated with industrial wastewater in Cairo and health risk assessment, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, Cr, and other metals in tomato fruits irrigated with industrial wastewater in Cairo, Egypt; supply-chain pathway from contaminated irrigation water to food |
| 386 | Al-Khayri et al. 2023. Cadmium stress in plants: A critical review of the effects, mechanisms, and tolerance strategies, Frontiers in Plant Science | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd occurrence in Review covering Cd concentrations across diverse plant species including medicinal herbs; cites survey data showing 14–16% of peppermint… |
| 387 | Alam et al. 2023. Urbanisation threats to dairy cattle health: Insights from Greater Bengaluru, India, Tropical Animal Health and Production | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, As, Cr, and Pb in urban lake-shore fodder fed to dairy cattle in Greater Bengaluru, India (n=97); 43% of samples exceed threshold for at least one metal |
| 388 | Alharbi et al. 2023. Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Food Science & Nutrition | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, As, and Pb in 111 baby food products from Saudi Arabia (formula, cereal-based meals, biscuits); dry-weight concentrations from 2020 national food monitoring program |
| 389 | Aljohani 2023. Heavy metal toxicity in poultry: a comprehensive review, Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Narrative review of Cd, As, Pb, and Hg accumulation in poultry tissues (kidney, liver, meat, egg) across multiple countries; tabulated concentration data from primary studies |
| 390 | Altunay et al. 2023. Ultra-Sensitive Determination of Cadmium in Food and Water by Flame-AAS after a New Polyvinyl Benzyl Xanthate as an Adsorbent Based Vortex Assisted Dispersive Solid-Phase Microextraction: Multivariate Optimization, Foods 2023, 12, 3620 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 13 Turkish market food types including rice, spinach, and vegetables by FAAS; reported values are anomalously high relative to established surveillance data and should be treated with caution |
| 391 | Amarh et al. 2023. Health risk assessment of some selected heavy metals in infant food sold in Wa, Ghana, Heliyon | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (alongside As, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb) in 22 infant formula and baby-food samples sold in Wa, Ghana; locally and internationally produced products |
| 392 | Ammar et al. 2023. Investigation of Element Migration from Aluminum Cooking Pots Using ICP-MS, Applied Sciences (MDPI) | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | SA Al, Fe, As, Cd, Pb occurrence in Eight cooked-food test conditions (AC-1 through APP-5) using four aluminum cooking pots — two traditional pots (codes AC,… (n=16) |
| 393 | Andrade et al. 2023. Metals in Cow Milk and Soy Beverages: Is There a Concern?, Toxics | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PT Pb, Cd, Mn occurrence in Twenty-eight beverages purchased on the Portuguese retail market in Lisbon between February and May 2019: 14 cow milk… (n=28) |
| 394 | Apdraim et al. 2023. Effect of vermiculite feed additive on the chemical, mineral, and amino acid compositions of quail meat | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and Pb in quail pectoral muscle (n=105) under control and vermiculite-supplemented diets; mitigation trial context for poultry Cd reduction |
| 395 | Apilux et al. 2023. Determination of Heavy Metal Residues in Tropical Fruits near Industrial Estates in Rayong Province, Thailand: A Risk Assessment Study, Environment and Natural Resources Journal | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | TH tAs, Cd, Cu, tHg, Pb, Zn occurrence in Tropical fruits from three districts and markets in Rayong Province, Thailand |
| 396 | Peinador 2023. Study of Heavy Metals and Methyl-Mercury in Fungi in Markets of Madrid, Spectroscopy | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | ES/EU Cd, Pb, tHg, MeHg occurrence in 48 cultivated and wild edible mushroom samples purchased in local markets in Madrid, Spain, with wild samples supplied… (n=48) |
| 397 | ATSDR 2023. Exposure Dose Guidance for Soil/Sediment Dermal Absorption (Version 3), ATSDR / U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Public Health Service | 2023 | Government report | US As, Cd, Pb, Hg, MeHg, Ni, Cr, Cr-VI, Sb, Ba, Cu, Mn, Se, Ag, Tl, V, Zn, Be occurrence in Regulatory exposure-assessment guidance; no original sampling. Default ABSd and adherence-factor values from EPA RAGS Part E (2004); skin-surface… |
| 398 | Bae et al. 2023. Heavy metal concentrations in commercial tuna products in Korea and assessment of health risks, unknown | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (alongside MeHg, tHg, Pb, As) in 31 commercial tuna products from South Korea; health risk assessment for Korean consumers |
| 399 | Bakhshalizadeh et al. 2023. Bioaccumulation of rare earth elements and trace elements in different tissues of the golden grey mullet (Chelon auratus) in the southern Caspian Sea, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, As, Hg, and Pb in multiple tissues of golden grey mullet (n=20) from the southern Caspian Sea, Iran |
| 400 | Bedoya-Perales et al. 2023. Dataset of metals and metalloids in food crops and soils sampled across the mining region of Moquegua in Peru, Scientific Data | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Open dataset (n=341) of Cd, As, Pb, Cu, and Zn in food crops and soils from the Moquegua mining region of Peru; multiple crop species including quinoa |
| 401 | Begum et al. 2023. Combined multivariate statistical techniques and Water Quality Index (WQI) to evaluate spatial variation in water quality, Tropical Life Sciences Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, and Cu in surface water from 5 tributaries of Rawal Lake, Islamabad, Pakistan; drinking water quality context |
| 402 | Berego et al. 2023. The contents of essential and toxic metals in coffee beans and soil in Dale Woreda, Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia, PeerJ | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | ET Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn occurrence in Coffee-bean samples from six farmer-farm sites and six coffee-washing-plant streams in Dale Woreda, Sidama, Ethiopia; tables report triplicate… (n=12) |
| 403 | Bezrodnykh et al. 2023. A Walkway from Crayfish to Oligochitosan, Applied Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | RU Fe, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Al occurrence in One laboratory processing batch from 4 kg fresh-frozen narrow-toed crayfish (Actacus leptodactylus) bought on a local market and… (n=1) |
| 404 | BfR 2023. What’s in your food — BfR MEAL Study Final Report (Germany’s first Total Diet Study), BfR Science Report | 2023 | Government report | DE/EU Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg, MeHg, Ni, Al, Sn, Sb occurrence in Germany’s first Total Diet Study. Core element module: 869 pooled samples (868 for nitrate) comprised of 13,552 subsamples… (n=869) |
| 405 | Fuckar et al. 2023. Coffee Silver Skin-Health Safety, Nutritional Value, and Microwave Extraction of Proteins, Foods | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | HR Ni, Pb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe occurrence in One homogenized coffee-silverskin by-product sample from Croatian coffee roasting, analyzed in six parallel probes for reported heavy-metal concentrations. (n=1) |
| 406 | Brzezinska-Rojek et al. 2023. Evaluation of the Safety and Potential Benefits of Beetroot-Based Dietary Supplements According to Their Elemental Composition, Biological Trace Element Research (published online 7 October 2023) | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, and Al in 37 beetroot-based dietary supplements (tablets, capsules, powders) from the Polish market; safety evaluation for supplement consumers |
| 407 | Bunu et al. 2023. Heavy Metals Quantification and Correlative Carcinogenic-Risks Evaluation in Selected Energy Drinks Sold in Bayelsa State Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic Technique, International Journal of Chemistry Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn occurrence in Eleven commercially marketed energy-drink brands purchased in no particular order from general-market supermarkets in Amassoma and Yenagoa, Bayelsa… (n=11) |
| 408 | Burgon 2023. Cacau e Chocolates “Bean to Bar”: Contaminantes Inorgânicos e Ocratoxina A (Cocoa beans and “Bean to Bar” chocolates: Inorganic contaminants and Ochratoxin A), Master’s thesis, Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos (ITAL), Centro de Ciência e Qualidade de Alimentos, Campinas-SP, Brazil | 2023 | Thesis | BR Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cu, Co, Se concentrations |
| 409 | Chen et al. 2023. Prenatal Exposure to Heavy Metals and Adverse Birth Outcomes: Evidence From an E-Waste Area in China, GeoHealth | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (alongside Pb, Cr, As, Cu, Mn) in 102 human milk samples from an e-waste recycling area, Taizhou, China; Cd concentration inversely associated with female infant birth weight |
| 410 | Chen et al. 2023. Adverse health effects of emerging contaminants on inflammatory bowel disease, Frontiers in Public Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Review of Cd, Pb, As, Hg, and Mn exposure mechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease; Cd implicated in gut dysbiosis, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier disruption |
| 411 | Cheng et al. 2023. Metagenomic and machine learning-aided identification of biomarkers driving distinctive Cd accumulation features in the root-associated microbiome of two rice cultivars, ISME Communications | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Root microbiome biomarkers predictive of Cd grain accumulation in low-Cd vs hybrid rice cultivars; metagenomics links Desulfobacteria enrichment to lower Cd uptake in low-Cd cultivar |
| 412 | Chirinos-Peinado et al. 2023. Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic in Raw Milk Produced in the Vicinity of a Mini Mineral Concentrator in the Central Andes and Health Risk, Biological Trace Element Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, and As in 19 raw bovine milk samples adjacent to a mineral concentrator in the Central Andes, Peru; mining proximity as a supply-chain risk factor for dairy |
| 413 | Ciftci 2023. Determination of heavy metals and essential elements in nasal sprays and drops (Saline/Sea Water) and evaluation in terms of toxicity, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Al, Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn occurrence in Twenty-two saline, sea-water, or ocean-water nasal spray/drop samples sold as pharmacy products; the extracted text does not report… (n=22) |
| 414 | CIRS – C&K Testing (Hangzhou C&K Testing Technic Co. 2023. REACH ANNEX XVII — Restrictions on the Manufacture, Placing on the Market and Use of Certain Dangerous Substances, Mixtures and Articles, CIRS – C&K Testing (Hangzhou C&K Testing Technic Co., Ltd), Hangzhou, China; downloadable consolidated reproduction of Annex XVII to EU REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006; document header states ‘Last update: 2023-07-17’. 64 pages, two-column ‘Column 1 (substance or group) / Column 2 (conditions of restriction)’ tabular layout reproducing entries 1 through 77. | 2023 | Industry | EU Pb, Cd, tHg, iHg, Cr-VI, Ni, tAs, Sn occurrence in Not a primary-measurement study. The document is a third-party reproduction of Annex XVII to EU REACH Regulation (EC)… |
| 415 | Philip-Slaboh et al. 2023. Comparison of toxic heavy metals in the breast milk of diabetic and non-diabetic postpartum mothers in Yenagoa, Nigeria, PLoS ONE | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg occurrence in Postpartum mothers (5–6 weeks postpartum) in Yenagoa, Nigeria; 72 with diabetes and 72 without diabetes, recruited from three… (n=144) |
| 416 | source) 2023. Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish Market, Nutrients | 2023 | Journal article | Cited reference from Nutrients |
| 417 | Crespo-Barreiro et al. 2023. Scaling-Up of the Production of Biochar from Olive Tree Pruning for Agricultural Use: Evaluation of Biochar Characteristics and Phytotoxicity, Agriculture | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | ES tAs, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, tHg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn occurrence in Five olive-tree-pruning biochar production conditions: three semi-pilot temperatures, one pilot-scale 600 C run, and one industrial-scale run; heavy… (n=5) |
| 418 | Dauda et al. 2023. Harmful effects of heavy metals in cosmetics, World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | NG tHg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni occurrence in Three lipsticks, three fairness creams, three lip balms, and three anti-aging creams purchased from local markets in Kafanchan,… (n=12) |
| 419 | Anda-Montanez et al. 2023. Spatial and Temporal Variability of Trace and Macro Elements in the Red Crab Pleuroncodes planipes in the Pacific Coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, Animals | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | MX Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ca, Mg occurrence in 279 whole adult red crabs (Pleuroncodes planipes, 32-40 mm body size) collected during three research cruises off the… (n=279) |
| 420 | De et al. 2023. Land application of industrial wastes: impacts on soil quality, biota, and human health, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Review of Cd and other metals in soils receiving industrial waste land application (AU, GB, US, EU); soil contamination pathways that elevate Cd in food crops |
| 421 | Decharat et al. 2023. Quality and risk assessment of lead and cadmium in drinking water for child development centres use in Phatthalung province, Thailand | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and Pb in 210 drinking water samples from child development centres in Phatthalung province, Thailand (bottled, tap, filtered, raw); HQ below 1 for both metals |
| 422 | Deka et al. 2023. Monitoring Strategies for Heavy Metals in Foods and Beverages: Limitations for Human Health Risks, IntechOpen (Heavy Metals – Recent Advances) | 2023 | Book chapter | Pb, Cd, tHg, Cr, Ni, Al, tAs occurrence in Review chapter; no primary samples. Covers foods and beverages broadly including cereals, fish, meat, fruits, herbal drinks, alcoholic… |
| 423 | Demir et al. 2023. Estimated daily intake and health risk assessment of toxic elements in infant formulas, British Journal of Nutrition | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | TR/EU Al, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, tAs, Se, Cd, Sn, Pb, tHg occurrence in 72 powdered cow-milk-based infant formula products from 16 anonymized brands in Turkiye, covering 0-6 month infant formula, follow-on… (n=72) |
| 424 | Desalew et al. 2023. Variations in elemental composition of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with different cultivation areas of Ethiopia, PLoS ONE | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd below LOQ in rice grain from all three Ethiopian production regions (Fogera, Metema, Pawe; n=27); baseline confirming no detectable Cd accumulation in uncontaminated Ethiopian paddies |
| 425 | Ding et al. 2023. Association between heavy metals exposure (cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury) and child autistic disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Frontiers in Pediatrics 11:1169733 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | international Cd, Pb, tAs, tHg occurrence in 2,533 children with Autistic Disorder (ASD) and 2,521 healthy controls, all aged <18, pooled across 53 case-control studies… (n=5054) |
| 426 | Ding et al. 2023. Characteristics and Mechanisms of Soil Co-Contamination Affecting the Transfer of Cadmium and Arsenic in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), Agronomy | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd, tAs occurrence in Outdoor pot experiment using peanut cultivar Ganhua No. 5 in red soil from China, with four replicate pots… (n=4) |
| 427 | Diogène et al. 2023. Risk Assessment Strategies for Contaminants in Seafood (RASCS), EFSA Supporting Publications 2023:EN-8419 | 2023 | Government report | EU tAs, iAs, Pb, Cd, tHg, MeHg, Ni, Cr, Al occurrence in Strategy/programmatic report from a seven-institution EU consortium (IRTA Spain coordinator, CREDA Spain, IPMA Portugal, ISS Italy, Ghent University… |
| 428 | Dokubo et al. 2023. Heavy Metal Concentration and Human Health Risk Assessment of Selected Brands of Seasoning Powder Sold in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Ni occurrence in 4 brands of commercially sold seasoning powder (labeled SP1–SP4) from retail shops in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria,… (n=4) |
| 429 | ECHA 2023. Investigation report to support the Commission on the preparation of a restriction proposal for the use and presence of CMR 1A or 1B substances in childcare articles based on REACH Article 68(2), European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), Helsinki, Finland. Investigation report version 2.0 (Final), 31 October 2023, prepared at the request of the European Commission under REACH Article 68(2). | 2023 | Regulatory agency report | EU Pb, Cd, Cr-VI, Co, tAs, tHg, Sn, Li, V occurrence in Not a primary-measurement study. The report aggregates 1,559 entries reporting measurements of CMR 1A or 1B substances in… |
| 430 | EFSA 2023. Dietary exposure to heavy metals and iodine intake via consumption of seaweeds and halophytes in the European population, EFSA Journal | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | EU Cd, Pb, tAs, iAs, tHg occurrence in European population dietary exposure assessment using occurrence data from EFSA’s FoodEx2 taxonomy; n varies by analyte: Cd n=2,093,… (n=2093) |
| 431 | Egbe et al. 2023. Heavy metal exposure risk associated with ingestion of Oreochromis niloticus and Coptodon kottae harvested from a lacustrine ecosystem, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CM Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni occurrence in 10 Oreochromis niloticus and 10 Coptodon kottae (endemic cichlid) sampled from Lake Barombi Kotto, Cameroon, with water and… (n=20) |
| 432 | El-Batal et al. 2023. Effect of selenium nanoparticles on heavy metal accumulation in carrot (Daucus carota) irrigated with wastewater, Biologia | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in wastewater-irrigated Egyptian carrots; selenium nanoparticle soil treatment reduced carrot Cd uptake by 30–60%, demonstrating a mitigation lever for irrigated-vegetable Cd exposure |
| 433 | EU 2023. Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 of 25 April 2023 on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006, Official Journal of the European Union | 2023 | Regulation | Binding EU maximum Cd levels across all food categories including infant formula (5–20 µg/kg), cereals, cocoa powder (600 µg/kg), chocolate, and bivalves (1,000 µg/kg); primary regulatory-limits source for EU entries in this page |
| 434 | Famurewa et al. 2023. Comparative assessment of different coconut oils: Chromatographic and spectrometric analyses of pesticide residues, toxic heavy metals, and associated contents, Measurement: Food | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | NG/PK Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Ni, Al, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Be, Ag, Mo, Se, Au occurrence in Three coconut oil samples sold or produced for the Nigerian market: one imported oil and two locally produced… (n=3) |
| 435 | Faraj et al. 2023. Determination of Heavy Metal Residue in Backyard Chicken at Various Regions in Sulaymaniyah Province, Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Cd, Cu, Pb occurrence in Sixty backyard chickens collected from four Sulaymaniyah Province regions in Kurdistan Region-Iraq, with 15 chickens from each of… (n=120) |
| 436 | Feng et al. 2023. Individual and mutual effects of elevated carbon dioxide and temperature on salt and cadmium uptake and translocation by rice seedlings, Frontiers in Plant Science | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in Four independent biological replicates per Cd, Na, or Cd+Na concentration, each replicate containing ten rice seedlings of Oryza… (n=4) |
| 437 | Florez-Garcia et al. 2023. Cadmium exposure and risk of breast cancer: A meta-analysis, Environmental Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Meta-analysis of 17 studies: pooled OR 1.13 for Cd exposure and breast cancer; dietary route alone non-significant (OR 1.05); supports carcinogenicity discussion in Toxicology section |
| 438 | Gacal et al. 2023. Cadmium and lead content in gluten and gluten-free bread available on Polish market - potential health risk to consumers, Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Cd, Pb occurrence in 50 bread samples purchased in Silesia Province, Poland: 10 gluten-free, 12 wheat-rye, 20 wheat, 8 rye (n=50) |
| 439 | Gao et al. 2023. Enhanced Phytoremediation for Trace-Metal-Polluted Farmland with Hibiscus cannabinus-Sedum plumbizincicola Rotation: A Case Study in Hunan, China, Agronomy | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn occurrence in Field phytoremediation trial in metal-contaminated farmland in Liuyang City, Hunan, China; three treatments (Sedum plumbizincicola monoculture, kenaf monoculture,… (n=12) |
| 440 | Gautam 2023. Health Risk Assessment: Heavy Metals (Antimony, Arsenic, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury, and Nickel) in Tattoo Ink (Intra-Dermal Contact), Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR) client report FW23035, prepared for Manatu Hauora/Te Whatu Ora | 2023 | Government report | NZ/EU/US Ba, Pb, Ni, Cr-VI, tHg, Cd, Sb, tAs occurrence in Agency health-risk assessment using maximum tattoo-ink metal concentrations selected from the 2012 New Zealand Ministry of Health survey… (n=169) |
| 441 | Gekpe et al. 2023. Quercetin and Omega-3 fatty acid averts the deleterious effects of Cadmium on NO, NOS, anti-oxidants and MDA levels in rats, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd occurrence in Male Wistar rats in seven groups of six animals each for the main 56-day experiment; the paper also… (n=42) |
| 442 | González-Torres et al. 2023. Comparative Study of the Presence of Heavy Metals in Edible Vegetable Oils, Applied Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | ES/EU/CN Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Sb occurrence in Systematic literature review: 35 vegetable oil types from 24 countries; studies published 2015–2022; n=64 studies synthesized |
| 443 | Guadalupe et al. 2023. Probabilistic Risk Characterization of Heavy Metals in Peruvian Coffee: Implications of Variety, Region and Processing, Foods | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PE iAs, Cd, Cr, tHg, Pb occurrence in Parchment coffee bean samples collected from five Peruvian coffee-growing regions and five Arabica varieties, with a process-modeling subset… (n=159) |
| 444 | Gupta et al. 2023. Recycled household ash in rice paddies of Bangladesh for sustainable production of rice without altering grain arsenic and cadmium, Environmental Pollution | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Bangladesh field trial confirming that household-ash fertiliser application does not alter grain Cd (or iAs) in paddy rice; null-finding relevant to low-cost soil amendment effects on rice Cd |
| 445 | Haseeb-ur-Rehman et al. 2023. Metal pollution and potential human health risk assessment in major seafood items (fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods), Marine Pollution Bulletin | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PK tHg, Cd, Pb, Ni, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu occurrence in Export-quality seafood from Pakistani processing plants during 2016-2018: 50 samples each of giant tiger shrimp, blue crab, Indian… (n=400) |
| 446 | Hassona et al. 2023. Heavy Metal Concentrations of Beeswax (Apis mellifera L.) at Different Ages, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | EG Fe, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cd, Co occurrence in Honey beeswax comb samples aged one to five years from apiaries in the Itay El Barud district of… (n=15) |
| 447 | Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023. Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish Market, Nutrients 15(14):3251 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd measured in 159 ready-to-eat baby purees (fruit, chicken, fish, beef) from Spanish market; multi-metal occurrence data for Cd in infant complementary foods, EU jurisdiction |
| 448 | Hossain et al. 2023. Human health risk assessment of edible body parts of chicken through heavy metals and trace elements quantitative analysis, PLoS ONE | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in six edible broiler chicken body parts from Dhaka markets (n=108); Cd mostly within regulatory limits, contrasting with elevated Pb; Cd contribution to poultry food sources |
| 449 | Howard et al. 2023. Combating lead and cadmium exposure with an orally administered chitosan-based chelating polymer, Scientific Reports | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | FR/UA Pb, Cd occurrence in Female C57Bl/6 mice in a biodistribution study and a 15-day effectiveness study; effectiveness groups were control n =… (n=38) |
| 450 | Hu et al. 2023. One-Pot Fabrication of 2D/2D CdIn2S4/In2S3 Heterojunction for Boosting Photocatalytic Cr(VI) Reduction, Catalysts | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cr-VI, Cr, Cd occurrence in Five photocatalyst conditions tested against synthetic aqueous Cr(VI): CdIn2S4 (CIS), In2S3 (IS), 0.25 CISI, 0.5 CISI, and 0.75… (n=5) |
| 451 | Hu et al. 2023. Current Status and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Tea across China, Toxics | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Meta-analysis of 227 Chinese tea papers; mean Cd in tea 0.14 mg/kg; elevated carcinogenic Cd risk in Shaanxi, Anhui, and southwest China; supports tea as a minor Cd exposure pathway |
| 452 | Hu et al. 2023. Characterisation of a low methane emission rice cultivar suitable for cultivation in high latitude light and temperature conditions, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in Heijing 5 rice grain from Swedish and Chinese field trials; Swedish-grown grain showed lower Cd than Asian literature values, illustrating geography as a Cd driver in rice |
| 453 | Huang 2023. Machine learning-based prediction of cadmium concentration in rice grain from soil properties, Fundamental Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | ML model (R²=0.87) predicting rice grain Cd from soil properties (n=601, Hunan); pH management identified as highest-leverage mitigation: raising to 6.5 would cut MPL exceedance from 36.5% to 2% |
| 454 | Hussein et al. 2023. Risk assessment of toxic residues among some freshwater and marine water fish species, Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd measured in six Egyptian fish species (freshwater and marine; n=120); multiple species exceeded EU maximum permissible limits for Cd; Egyptian fish market occurrence data |
| 455 | Idris et al. 2023. Introduction of adsorption techniques for heavy metals remediation, Emerging Techniques for Treatment of Toxic Metals from Wastewater (Elsevier book chapter 1), pp. 1-17 | 2023 | Review | Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Hg, As, Zn, Co, U occurrence in Narrative review of adsorption techniques for removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. No primary sampling. Authors affiliated with… |
| 456 | Inada 2023. Comparison of heavy metal regulations for herbal medicines across pharmacopoeias, Journal of Natural Medicines | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Comparative table of Cd limits for herbal medicines across nine pharmacopoeias (JP, EP, USP, Chinese, Korean, Taiwanese, Indian, British, WHO); highlights jurisdictional variation in Cd regulation for botanicals |
| 457 | Iqbal et al. 2023. Evaluation of Heavy Metals Concentration in Poultry Feed and Poultry Products, Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9(7): 489-495 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Cd, Cr, tHg, Fe occurrence in 6 solid feeds, 6 liquid feeds (water), 33 livers (composite from 6 farms), 33 breast muscles (composite), 33… (n=39) |
| 458 | Islam et al. 2023. Heavy Metals Induced Health Risk Assessment Through Consumption of Selected Commercially Available Spices in Noakhali District of Bangladesh, medRxiv (preprint) | 2023 | Preprint | BD Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in 19 commercially-available spice samples (15 non-branded, 4 branded) collected from Sonapur and Maijdee marketplaces in Noakhali District, Bangladesh;… (n=19) |
| 459 | Jakkielska et al. 2023. Risk profiling of exposures to potentially toxic metals PTM(s) through noodles consumption. A case study of human health risk assessment, Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis Series E: Food Technology | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg occurrence in Twenty commercially available 500 g noodle/pasta products collected from markets in Poland, covering wheat, durum wheat, corn-flour gluten-free,… (n=20) |
| 460 | Jarwar et al. 2023. Co-Precipitation of Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Carbonates Using Vibrio harveyi Strain Isolated from Mediterranean Sea Sediment, Minerals | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IT Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn occurrence in Four single-metal broth-culture time courses using Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn nitrate spikes at nominal 100 ppm each,… (n=4) |
| 461 | Job et al. 2023. Evaluation of water quality and bioaccumulation of metals in commercially important fishes: a human health concern, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IN tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn occurrence in Thirty fish samples covering five commercially important edible marine fish species from the Thondi coast/Palk Bay market area;… (n=30) |
| 462 | Jurowski et al. 2023. The Control and Comprehensive Safety Assessment of Heavy Metal Impurities (As, Pb, and Cd) in Green Tea Camellia sinensis (L.) Samples (Infusions) Available in Poland, Biological Trace Element Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in green tea infusions from 12 Polish market samples (mean 0.214 µg/L); Cd weekly intake below PTWI at normal consumption; minor Cd exposure pathway |
| 463 | Kamaly et al. 2023. Health risk assessment of metals in chicken meat and liver in Egypt, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 360 broiler chicken muscle and liver samples from Assiut, Egypt; Cd exceeded FAO/WHO limits in 17% of samples; Cd occurrence data for poultry liver as an organ meat pathway |
| 464 | Kazeminia et al. 2023. Heavy metals and their adverse effects: sources, risks, and strategies to reduce accumulation in tea herb — a systematic review, Carpathian Journal of Food Science and Technology | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Systematic review (n=157 articles) of Cd and other metals in Camellia sinensis; summarises PTDI/PTWI values and mitigation strategies including soil liming and shorter steeping times |
| 465 | Keles et al. 2023. Wild mushrooms from Eastern Black Sea Region (Turkiye): Element concentrations and their health risk assessment, Anatolian Journal of Botany 7(1):50-59 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | TR Ni, Cd, Pb, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu occurrence in Twenty-four wild edible mushroom species collected from Bayburt, Gumushane, Rize, and Artvin in the Eastern Black Sea Region… (n=24) |
| 466 | Kepinska-Pacelik et al. 2023. Chemical Composition and Palatability of Nutraceutical Dog Snacks, Applied Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PL Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Co, Cd, Pb, Mo, Cr, Ni occurrence in Four self-produced nutraceutical dog-snack prototypes: two extruded and two baked variants containing wholegrain buckwheat flour, wholegrain spelt flour,… (n=4) |
| 467 | Kharkwal et al. 2023. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals in cooked beans and vegetables in Punjab, North India, Food Science & Nutrition | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IN tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Cooked beans and cooked vegetable preparations collected from 150 selected households across 30 urban and rural locations in… (n=150) |
| 468 | Kim et al. 2023. Risk Assessment and Determination of Arsenic and Heavy Metals in Fishery Products in Korea, Foods | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | KR Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, MeHg occurrence in Fishery products purchased from grocery stores and markets in Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Gangneung, Busan, and Gwangju from January… (n=1186) |
| 469 | Kosker et al. 2023. Metal levels of canned fish sold in Türkiye: health risk assessment, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 34 canned fish products from Turkey (28 tuna, 3 salmon, others); Cd EWI below PTWI in all samples; Turkish canned-fish Cd baseline for comparison with high-concentration seafood data |
| 470 | Lee et al. 2023. Occurrence and health risk assessment of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead in fresh fruits consumed in South Korea, Applied Biological Chemistry | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | KR tAs, Sb, Ba, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb occurrence in Fresh fruits collected from supermarkets in six South Korean regions, 14 fruit species, April–October 2019 (n=207) |
| 471 | Lehel et al. 2023. Metal Load of Potentially Toxic Elements in Tuna (Thunnus albacares) - Food Safety Aspects, Foods | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | HU/LK/EU tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) flesh; 40 fish purchased at a fishery market in Hungary but originating from Sri… (n=40) |
| 472 | Lénárt et al. 2023. Monitoring of metal content in the tissues of wild boar (Sus scrofa) and its food safety aspect, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | HU Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr occurrence in 10 female and 10 male wild boars harvested during the regular hunting season (n=20) |
| 473 | Liu et al. 2023. Characterization, source identification, risk assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the surface water and sediment of the Beibu Gulf, China, Marine Pollution Bulletin | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in seawater and marine sediment, Beibu Gulf China; supply-chain environmental context for seafood Cd contamination from South China coastal waters |
| 474 | Liu et al. 2023. Characteristics, Chemical Speciation and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soil and Rice around an Abandoned High-Arsenic Coal Mine Area, Southwest China, Minerals | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, Cr, tHg, tAs, Cu, Zn occurrence in Twelve paired surface-soil and rice-plant-tissue samples collected in mid-August 2022 from rice planting areas around the Xingren Coal… (n=12) |
| 475 | Liu et al. 2023. Enrichment Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil-Crop Systems, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in Paired crop and soil samples from Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province: 88 rice/root-soil pairs, 68 bayberry/topsoil pairs, and 60… (n=216) |
| 476 | Lockwood et al. 2023. Toxic and essential element content of traditional Sri Lankan rice varieties from Anuradhapura district, Food Chemistry Advances | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 11 traditional Sri Lankan rice varieties by LA-ICP-MS; context for CKDu cadmium hypothesis; Suwadel variety shows elevated Cd; brown vs white processing effect on Cd distribution |
| 477 | Lozano-Bilbao et al. 2023. Risk Assessment and Characterization in Tuna Species of the Canary Islands According to Their Metal Content, Foods | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | ES/EU Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Pb, Zn occurrence in Seventy-five tuna specimens caught by the Canarian fishing fleet in 2021; 15 specimens each of five species (Acanthocybium… (n=75) |
| 478 | Macias et al. 2023. On the Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes for the Selective Separation of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) from Seawater, Membranes | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | MX Pb, Cd, Zn occurrence in Synthetic seawater, commercial Gulf of California seawater, and Tecolutla beach seawater used as spiked feed matrices for Pb(II),… (n=3) |
| 479 | Mahlungulu et al. 2023. Levels of Heavy Metals in Grapevine Soil and Leaf Samples in Response to Seasonal Change and Farming Practice in the Cape Winelands, Toxics | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | ZA Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in 48 soil samples and 48 grapevine leaf samples collected from six vineyards in the Cape Winelands (Western Cape,… (n=96) |
| 480 | Mansouri et al. 2023. The effects of active and passive smoking on selected trace element levels in human milk, Scientific Reports 13:20756 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IR Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, tAs, Cd, Cr, tHg, Ni, Pb occurrence in One hundred breast-milk samples from lactating women in Kermanshah, western Iran, grouped as passive smokers, active smokers, and… (n=100) |
| 481 | Marincich et al. 2023. Threat or treat: Exposure assessment and risk characterisation of chemical contaminants in soft drinks and chocolate bars in various Polish population age groups, EFSA Journal | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in milk and dark chocolate from Warsaw; EU-FORA exposure assessment for children and adults; all samples below EU max levels; supports cocoa-cadmium section in Food sources |
| 482 | Marriott et al. 2023. Considerations for environmental biogeochemistry and food security for aquaculture around Lake Victoria, Kenya, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in wild and farmed Nile tilapia from Lake Victoria Kenya exceeding PMTI thresholds; freshwater fish Cd occurrence in sub-Saharan Africa aquaculture context |
| 483 | Martín-Carrasco et al. 2023. Comparison between pollutants found in breast milk and infant formula in the last decade: A review, Science of the Total Environment | 2023 | Peer reviewed review | EU/MA/NG Pb, Cd, tHg, MeHg, tAs, Al, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn, Co, Sn, Se, Sb occurrence in Narrative review of 65 breast-milk studies and 73 infant-formula studies published 2012–2022, covering metals, heat-treatment products, pharmaceuticals, mycotoxins,… |
| 484 | Martinez-Morata et al. 2023. A State-of-the-Science Review on Metal Biomarkers, Current Environmental Health Reports, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 215-249 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | State-of-science review on metal biomarkers; urinary Cd as the canonical long-term cumulative-exposure biomarker; relevant to the Testing and biomonitoring section |
| 485 | Meng et al. 2023. The innovative and accurate detection of heavy metals in foods: A critical review on electrochemical sensors, Food Control | 2023 | Review | Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Cr occurrence in Review of electrochemical sensor literature for heavy metal detection in food matrices |
| 486 | Milani et al. 2023. Trace Elements in Soy-Based Beverages: A Comprehensive Study of Total Content and In Vitro Bioaccessibility, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 18 Brazilian soy-based beverages with bioaccessibility data; soy as a Cd exposure pathway in plant-milk and infant formula contexts |
| 487 | Mohamed et al. 2023. Detection and health risk assessment of toxic heavy metals in chilled and frozen meat collected from Sharkia province in Egypt | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 30 Egyptian beef samples (chilled and frozen); Cd within permissible limits in all samples, contrasting with Pb and As exceedances; beef as a minor Cd pathway |
| 488 | Morshdy et al. 2023. Risks assessment of toxic metals in canned meat and chicken, Food Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | EG Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Al, Sn occurrence in Sixty canned meat and chicken samples collected randomly from grocery stores and hypermarkets in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, April-October… (n=60) |
| 489 | AEMA et al. 2023. Heavy metal contents in salted fish retailed in Egypt: Dietary intakes and health risk assessment | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in four types of Egyptian salted/fermented fish (sardine, feseikh, sahlia, herrings; n=80); herrings showed highest Cd; processed fish as a Cd exposure pathway |
| 490 | Mosusu 2023. Heavy metal contents in some edible seaweeds (Wakame, Kombu) in Japan, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Environmental Science (Master’s thesis abstract) | 2023 | Thesis | JP/CN/KR Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, U occurrence in Twenty-two commercial seaweed samples sold in Japan: Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida), Kombu (Laminaria spp.), Hijiki (Hizikia fusiform), and sea… (n=22) |
| 491 | Mozdzer et al. 2023. The Effect of Sludge-Ash Granulates on the Content and Uptake of Heavy Metals by Winter Rape Seeds and Triticale, Applied Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PL Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn occurrence in Pot experiment in Poland with four sludge-ash fertilizer granulate recipes, three nitrogen-equivalent application doses, two crop species (rape… |
| 492 | Mukhi et al. 2023. Evaluation of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Heavy Metals Contained in Packaging Material Digest on Prominent Gut Microbiota, International Journal of Food Science | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 13 food/pharmaceutical packaging material digests; Cd within Codex permissible levels; supports packaging as a minor Cd exposure pathway and gut microbiome effects section |
| 493 | Myat et al. 2023. Arsenic and heavy metal contents in white rice samples from rainfed paddy fields in Yangon division, Myanmar—Natural background levels?, PLoS ONE | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 120 Myanmar white rice samples (mean 0.0056 mg/kg); well below MPL; rainfed non-irrigated paddies show low Cd, supporting irrigation as a major Cd driver |
| 494 | Nazari et al. 2023. Impacts of Heavy Metals in Seed Crops and Oil Seed on Human Health: A Threat to Food Safety — Review, Carpathian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 15(2), 106-124 | 2023 | Review | global/IR tAs, Pb, Cd, tHg, Ni, Cr occurrence in Review of published literature on heavy metals in oilseeds and vegetable/seed oils globally; no primary data collection |
| 495 | Nelson 2023. Cadmium and Other Metals in Children’s Jewelry 2018, Follow-up Study, Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Assessment Program, Publication 23-03-004 (January 2023) | 2023 | Regulatory | US Pb, Cd, Sb, tAs, Co, tHg occurrence in 38 component samples sub-sampled from 33 of 78 children’s jewelry and apparel-with-jewelry products purchased October-December 2018 from 17… (n=38) |
| 496 | Nepper-Davidsen et al. 2023. High spatial and temporal variation in biomass composition of the novel aquaculture target Ecklonia radiata, Journal of Applied Phycology | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in NZ kelp (mean 1.2 ppm DW; range 0.4–2.2) with significant temporal variation; seaweed as a high-Cd food source, supporting the Food sources section on seaweed |
| 497 | Noor et al. 2023. Quality Characteristics of Merapi Robusta Coffee Products from the Traditional, Semi Modern, and Modern Process, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Smart and Innovative Agriculture | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | ID Pb, Cd occurrence in Merapi Robusta green coffee roasted by traditional, semi-modern, and modern methods at two roast times (n=6) |
| 498 | New York State Department 2023. Toxic Chemicals in Children’s Products Program: Chemicals and Practical Quantitation Limits Under Consideration (Draft Update, Feb. 2023), NY DEC Toxic Chemicals in Children’s Products Program — stakeholder draft for public comment | 2023 | Regulation | US-NY Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Pb, tHg, MeHg, Ni occurrence in Draft regulatory chemical list — proposes Chemicals of Concern (COCs) and High Priority Chemicals (HPCs) plus practical quantitation… |
| 499 | Nyamukamba et al. 2023. Determination of Selected Harmful Substances in Baby Diapers Available on the South African Market, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20(2): 1023 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | ZA/CN/PL Pb, Cu, tAs, Zn, Co, Ni, Cr, Cd, Mn, Se occurrence in 20 disposable baby diapers procured in Cape Town, South Africa, across three retail tiers: high-end (H1-H5, n=5), medium-end… (n=20) |
| 500 | Oduro et al. 2023. Health risks of potentially toxic metals in cereal-based breakfast meals in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana, Discover Food 3:25 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | GH tAs, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Mn occurrence in Locally produced cereal-based breakfast meals (31 breakfast cereals, 20 biscuits, 3 bread types) from markets in Kumasi, Ghana;… (n=54) |
| 501 | Oktariani et al. 2023. Heavy metals content in fresh tuna and swordfish caught from Hindian and Pacific Oceans: Health risk assessment of dietary exposure, Veterinary World | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | ID Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Fresh yellowfin tuna and swordfish from FAO zones 57 and 71 collected at Indonesian ports |
| 502 | Okubo et al. 2023. Periconceptional maternal diet quality influences blood heavy metal concentrations and their effect on low birth weight: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, Environment International | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | JP Pb, Hg, Cd occurrence in Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) nationwide prospective birth cohort; mother-child pairs recruited 2011-2014; 15 regional study centers… (n=72317) |
| 503 | Onyegeme-Okerenta et al. 2023. Potential Toxic elements in shellfish from three rivers in Niger Delta, Nigeria: bioaccumulation, dietary intake, and human health risk assessment, Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in shrimp, oyster, and periwinkle from Niger Delta rivers; Cd exceeded FAO/WHO limits and Cd TDI for children in some species; shellfish as high-Cd exposure matrix |
| 504 | Axford et al. 2023. A Feasibility Study Investigating Action Limits for Certain Heavy Metal Impurities in Cosmetic Products, UK Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS), BEIS/OPSS Contract Ref FM21190; report prepared by LGC | 2023 | Government report | UK/EU/US Sb, tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in 91 cosmetic products purchased from UK high-street stores and online retailers (~70/30 split) across low, mid and high… (n=91) |
| 505 | Orosun et al. 2023. Potentially toxic metals in irrigation water, soil, and vegetables and their health risks using Monte Carlo models, Scientific Reports | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | NG tAs, Cd, Cr, Pb occurrence in irrigation water, soils, spinach, and cabbage in Nigeria (n=not reported in abstract) |
| 506 | Palombieri et al. 2023. Characterization of Triticum turgidum sspp. durum, turanicum, and polonicum grown in Central Italy in relation to technological and nutritional aspects, Frontiers in Plant Science | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd content across durum, Khorasan, and Polish wheat subspecies grown in Italy; Polish wheat accession Pol2 shows lower Cd; cultivar selection as a Cd-reduction lever in wheat |
| 507 | Patel et al. 2023. Evaluation of heavy metals in herbal plants growing in Singrauli Region of Madhya Pradesh, International Journal of Chemical and Biological Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe occurrence in Ginger rhizome, suran rhizome, and cumin seed samples collected from different locations within Singrauli region, Madhya Pradesh, India;… (n=3) |
| 508 | Pinto et al. 2023. A Green Method for the Determination of Cadmium in Natural Waters Based on Multi-Fibre Supported Liquid Membranes, Membranes | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Method development: HF-LPME/HR-CS-GFAAS for Cd in water (LOD 0.13 ng/L); no food matrix occurrence data |
| 509 | Pradhan 2023. Inductive coupled plasma analysis of Heracleum nepalense D. Don (Umbelliferae), Exploratory Animal and Medical Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cd, tAs, Hg, Al, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, U occurrence in Three ICP replicas from mature Heracleum nepalense fruit collected in Sikkim, India (n=3) |
| 510 | Ramos-Miras et al. 2023. Potentially toxic element bioaccumulation in consumed indoor shrimp farming associated with diet, water and sediment levels, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in farmed Pacific White shrimp from Ecuador gold-mining area; Cd below EU seafood limits in muscle tissue; THQ below 1 for all PTEs; Ecuador aquaculture Cd baseline |
| 511 | Rbeida et al. 2023. Quality control of selected cosmetics marketed in Libya for traces of toxic heavy metals: urgent need of guidelines harmonization, Mediterranean Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 3(3):1-8 (Article 117) | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | LY Pb, tAs, Cd, Ni occurrence in 12 cosmetic samples from public markets in Tripoli, Libya (winter 2022): 3 brands of Henna leaves (LEAV1-3), 3… (n=12) |
| 512 | Rebellato et al. 2023. Inorganic Contaminants in Plant-Based Yogurts Commercialized in Brazil, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | BR Al, Cr, Co, Ni, tAs, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba, tHg, Pb occurrence in Forty-three samples of plant-based yogurt (17 different flavors across 5 brands) and 1 sample of cow-milk natural yogurt… (n=44) |
| 513 | Redan et al. 2023. Analysis of Eight Types of Plant-based Milk Alternatives from the United States Market for Target Minerals and Trace Elements, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Eighty-five plant-based milk alternative product units from 19 brands purchased from 10 retail markets and an online retailer… (n=85) |
| 514 | Rempelos et al. 2023. Effect of Climatic Conditions, and Agronomic Practices Used in Organic and Conventional Crop Production on Yield and Nutritional Composition Parameters in Potato, Cabbage, Lettuce and Onion; Results from the Long-Term NFSC-Trials, Agronomy | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | GB Cd, Ni, Pb occurrence in Long-term Nafferton Factorial Systems Comparison field trials in Northumberland, UK; toxic-metal main-effect means for harvested potato tubers, cabbage… |
| 515 | Romero-Crespo et al. 2023. Heavy metals in soils and crops in a mining area of Ecuador, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in leafy vegetables, potato, and corn from Ecuadorean mining-adjacent zones; illustrates mining as a second Cd pathway in Ecuador distinct from the volcanic-soil cocoa pathway |
| 516 | Romero-Crespo et al. 2023. Trace elements in farmland soils and crops, and probabilistic health risk assessment in areas influenced by mining activity in Ecuador, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd exceeded FAO/WHO MPL in 78% of crop samples near Ponce Enriquez gold-mining area Ecuador; probabilistic health risk above acceptable thresholds for both children and adults |
| 517 | Rosales-Huamani et al. 2023. Determination of Potentially Toxic Elements in Quinoa Crops Located in the Huacaybamba-Huanuco-Peru Area, International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in agricultural soils from quinoa-producing Peruvian Andes; 100% of Cd samples exceeded Peruvian soil quality standards; volcanic/mineralized highland geology driving Cd in quinoa production zone |
| 518 | Rubio et al. 2023. Dietary Exposure to Toxic Metals (Cd, Pb and Hg) from Cereals Marketed in Madeira and the Azores, Biological Trace Element Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in cereals from Portuguese Atlantic islands; oats showed highest Cd (0.307 mg/kg); all cereals except maize exceeded EU Cd maximum in Madeira; dietary Cd exposure from island cereal supply |
| 519 | Rusanescu et al. 2023. Application of Fly Ash Obtained from the Incineration of Municipal Solid Waste in Agriculture, Applied Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | global tAs, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, tHg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn occurrence in Narrative review of municipal-solid-waste-incineration fly ash use in agriculture; no primary sample collection. Numeric tables compile concentration ranges… |
| 520 | Sadhya et al. 2023. Regulation in India of Heavy Metals in Food Items: A Critical Analysis, Environmental Analysis & Ecology Studies | 2023 | Review | IN Pb, Cu, tAs, Sn, Cd, tHg, MeHg, Cr, Ni, Se, Sb, Ba, Co, Fe, Li, Mn, Zn occurrence in Legal review of the Indian regulatory framework governing heavy metals in food and food packaging. No primary measurements… |
| 521 | Safwan et al. 2023. Assessment and health risk study of some heavy metals in instant soup and chicken stock products from Jordanian market, African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | JO Mn, Cr, Cd, Pb occurrence in Ten soup powder, chicken-stock powder, and instant-noodle products purchased from local markets in Jordan in 2020. (n=10) |
| 522 | Salles et al. 2023. Potentially Toxic Elements in Costume Cosmetics Used by Children and Adults Are Associated with Cancer Risk, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20:531 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | BR/US Al, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn occurrence in 95 samples of face paints (n=90) and pancakes (n=5) purchased at the largest high-street commercial center in São… (n=95) |
| 523 | Salmani et al. 2023. Comparison of Essential and Toxic Metals Levels in some Herbal Teas: a Systematic Review, Biological Trace Element Research | 2023 | Review | Systematic review (n=49 articles) of metals in herbal teas; Cd notably elevated in chamomile (mean 23 µg/g, above WHO limits); Cd not detected in rosemary or green tea; herbal tea Cd exposure evidence |
| 524 | Scientific Committee on Consumer 2023. The SCCS Notes of Guidance for the Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and Their Safety Evaluation, 12th Revision (SCCS/1647/22), European Commission, Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety | 2023 | Government report | EU Pb, Cd, As, tHg, Ni, Cr, Sb occurrence in Regulatory guidance document; no original sampling. Synthesises default exposure parameters from prior SCCS/SCCNFP opinions (notably SCCNFP/0321/00 retention factors,… |
| 525 | Scutarasu et al. 2023. Heavy Metals in Foods and Beverages: Global Situation, Health Risks and Reduction Methods, Foods | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IR/CN/GR Pb, Cd, tAs, Ni, Cr, tHg occurrence in Narrative literature review covering heavy metals in fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy, meat, edible oils, wine, and… |
| 526 | Seregin et al. 2023. Phytochelatins: Sulfur-Containing Metal(loid)-Chelating Ligands in Plants, International Journal of Molecular Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, iAs, tHg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni occurrence in Narrative review of the phytochelatin literature across ~140 plant species, 361 cited references; no primary measurements. |
| 527 | Sharafi et al. 2023. Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the breast milk consumed by infants in Western Iran, Scientific Reports 13:6656 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, tHg, Cd, Ni, Cr, tAs occurrence in One hundred breast milk samples from lactating women in Kermanshah city, western Iran, collected from September to December… (n=100) |
| 528 | Sharafi et al. 2023. Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the breast milk consumed by infants in Western Iran, Scientific Reports | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IR tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb, Cr, Ni occurrence in Breast milk samples from 100 healthy breastfeeding mothers living in urban areas of Kermanshah city, western Iran, collected… (n=100) |
| 529 | Sharma et al. 2023. Phytoremediation technologies and their mechanism for removal of heavy metal from contaminated soil: An approach for a sustainable environment, Frontiers in Plant Science | 2023 | Review | Pb, Cd, tAs, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu, tHg occurrence in Review of phytoremediation literature; focus on plant-protein mechanisms and biotechnological enhancement of phytoextraction capacity |
| 530 | Shaughnessy et al. 2023. Evidence of elevated heavy metals concentrations in wild and farmed sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) in New England, Scientific Reports | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Farmed sugar-kelp blades plus wild sugar-kelp sites in Massachusetts and southern New England (n=12) |
| 531 | Simionov et al. 2023. Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements and microplastics accumulation in products from the Danube River Basin fish market, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | RO/GR/IT Al, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, tHg occurrence in Fish and seafood specimens purchased from retailers in Galati, Romania: 18 fish species and 5 seafood species, n=10… (n=230) |
| 532 | Sirisangarunroj et al. 2023. Toxic Heavy Metals and Their Risk Assessment of Exposure in Selected Freshwater and Marine Fish in Thailand, Foods 2023, 12, 3967 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 15 Thai fish species (7 freshwater, 8 marine; n=45) from Bangkok markets; Cd occurrence data for Southeast Asian fish; supports food-sources section on fish/seafood Cd |
| 533 | Sixto et al. 2023. Inorganic contaminants (As, Cd, Pb) in peeled and whole potatoes and sweet potatoes, Agrociencia Uruguay | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | UY tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Pooled potato and sweet-potato samples from Uruguay’s Metropolitan Agrifood Market, collected in February and July-August between 2018 and… (n=22) |
| 534 | Sounigo et al. 2023. ClimaLOCA project: Fostering innovations for cadmium reduction in cocoa beans in Latin America, CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza) Conference Proceedings | 2023 | Conference proceedings | ClimaLOCA project germplasm screening: low-Cd cacao accessions identified in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; cultivar selection and soil amendments as Cd mitigation levers in cocoa production |
| 535 | ZeptoMetrix 2023. Heavy Metal Contamination of Hot Sauce and Chili Powder, SPEX Application Note (ZeptoMetrix) | 2023 | Industry | US Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr occurrence in 7 chili powders (1 organic) and 6 hot sauces (1 organic) purchased at US dollar stores, farmer’s markets,… (n=13) |
| 536 | Ali et al. 2023. Assessing Leaching of Potentially Hazardous Elements from Cookware during Cooking: A Serious Public Health Concern, Toxics | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PK Al, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Sn occurrence in Locally purchased Pakistani cookware samples: non-anodized aluminum (n=8), anodized aluminum (n=8), stainless steel (n=7), and copper cookware (n=7),… (n=30) |
| 537 | Sun et al. 2023. Effects of Biochar on the Cd Uptake by Rice and the Cd Fractions in Paddy Soil: A 3-Year Field Experiment, Agronomy | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in Fifteen 130 m2 paddy field plots in Shenyang, Liaoning, China: five biochar treatments with three randomized block replicates,… (n=15) |
| 538 | Sundhar et al. 2023. Effect of thermal processing on toxic heavy metals in edible seaweeds of Gulf of Mannar and their health risk assessment, Regional Studies in Marine Science | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IN Be, Cr, Ni, tAs, Se, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in Fresh wild-harvested Ulva lactuca and Caulerpa racemosa and cultured Kappaphygus aliverzii collected from the Gulf of Mannar, southeast… |
| 539 | Suomi et al. 2023. Cumulative risk assessment of the dietary heavy metal and aluminum exposure of Finnish adults, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cumulative dietary Cd+Pb+iAs+MeHg+Ni+Al exposure for Finnish adults (n=1,295); HI>1 for kidney toxicity in all age groups; bread and cereals are main Cd contributors; women under 45 at highest cumulative risk |
| 540 | Taghavi et al. 2023. Ecological risk assessment of trace elements (TEs) pollution and human health risk exposure in agricultural soils used for saffron cultivation, Scientific Reports | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IR Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe occurrence in Composite agricultural-soil samples from 16 saffron farms in Gonabad County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, plus three local background/control… (n=16) |
| 541 | Taher et al. 2023. Assessment of Heavy Metals in Biscuit Samples Available in Iraqi Markets, Biological Trace Element Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Pb, Cd occurrence in Biscuit products marketed for infants (stated age range 6–24 months) collected from local markets in Iraq, July 2023,… (n=13) |
| 542 | Thomas et al. 2023. The distribution of cadmium in soil and cacao beans in Peru, Science of the Total Environment | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Nation-wide Cd distribution in Peruvian cacao soil and beans (n=2,194); northern departments Tumbes/Piura/Amazonas most affected; up to 89% of Piura farms exceeding EU/US limits; geographic Cd risk map |
| 543 | Tolkou et al. 2023. Detection of Arsenic, Chromium, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury in Fish: Effects on the Sustainable and Healthy Development of Aquatic Life and Human Consumers, Sustainability | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | AR/BD/CN tAs, Cr, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Narrative literature review of >50 fish species across 13 countries on 4 continents (Asia, Europe, Africa, Latin America)… |
| 544 | Uddin et al. 2023. The Role of Wastewater Treatment Technologies in Municipal Landfill Leachate Treatment, Applied Biotechnology for Emerging Pollutants Remediation and Energy Conversion (Jacob BS et al., eds.), Springer Nature Singapore, Chapter 7, pp. 113–144 | 2023 | Review | Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn occurrence in Narrative book-chapter review of physicochemical, biological, and combined wastewater-treatment technologies for municipal landfill leachate. No primary sampling, no… |
| 545 | Ulusoy 2023. Determination of toxic metals in canned tuna sold in developed and developing countries: Health risk assessment associated with human consumption, Marine Pollution Bulletin | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 222 canned tuna from 36 countries; Cd well below regulatory limits in all samples; confirms canned tuna as a low-Cd fish product globally |
| 546 | Unguryanu et al. 2023. Assessment of the chemical and radiological safety of wild mushrooms and berries growing in the Arkhangelsk region, Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology) | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | RU tHg, tAs, Pb, Cd occurrence in 201 wild mushroom samples and 175 wild berry samples collected in the Arkhangelsk region and Nenets Autonomous Okrug,… (n=376) |
| 547 | USDA 2023. China Releases the Standard for Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods (USDA FAS GAIN Report CH2023-0040, unofficial translation of GB 2762-2022), USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, Global Agricultural Information Network (GAIN), Report Number CH2023-0040 | 2023 | Regulation | CN Pb, Cd, tHg, MeHg, tAs, iAs, Sn, Ni, Cr occurrence in null |
| 548 | Valizadeh et al. 2023. Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Canned Pinto Beans and Fava Beans Distributed in Gilan Province of Iran, Scientific Reports (published 2023; open access) | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 90 canned pinto and fava bean samples from Iran; max Cd 0.004 mg/kg (well below EU limit 0.1 mg/kg); legumes as a low-Cd food matrix |
| 549 | Vasilachi et al. 2023. Analysis of Heavy Metal Impacts on Cereal Crop Growth and Development in Contaminated Soils, Agriculture | 2023 | Review | Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Al, Sn, tHg occurrence in Review of global literature on cereal crops (wheat, rice, maize, barley) in contaminated soils |
| 550 | Doris et al. 2023. Determination of cadmium and lead in vegetables marketed in Quito, Ecuador, Revista Internacional de Contaminacion Ambiental | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | EC Cd, Pb occurrence in Tomato, carrot, and lettuce samples marketed in Quito, Ecuador |
| 551 | Legislature 2023. Washington State Toxic-Free Cosmetics Act (HB 1047) — statutory cap on heavy metals in cosmetic products, Washington State Session Laws, Chapter 365, Laws of 2023 | 2023 | Regulation | US-WA Pb, Cd, Hg, tAs occurrence in Statutory instrument applying to all cosmetic products sold in Washington State as of effective date 2025-01-01 |
| 552 | Washington State Department of 2023. Chemicals in Cosmetics Used by Washington Residents — Report to the Legislature Pursuant to ESSB 5693 (2022) Section 302 (56), Washington State Department of Ecology, Publication 23-04-007 (January 2023) | 2023 | Government report | US/EU/DE Pb, Cd, tAs occurrence in 50 unique low-cost cosmetic products purchased July 2022 from four Puget Sound area retail chains (33 Walmart, 4… (n=50) |
| 553 | Wale 2023. An Overview of the Level of Heavy Metals Concentration in Fruits and Vegetables, International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology | 2023 | Review | Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, tHg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Co, Zn occurrence in Narrative review with no primary measurements; single-author three-page short review (Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 23-25) from the… |
| 554 | Wang et al. 2023. Heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural soil from main grain production regions of China: Bioaccessibility and health risks to humans, Science of the Total Environment | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Meta-analysis of 509 Chinese grain-region soil datasets; mean Cd 0.47 mg/kg (5× background); Cd identified as priority pollutant with highest ecological risk; bioaccessibility-corrected health risk for agricultural communities |
| 555 | Wang et al. 2023. Spatial distribution, sources, and risks of heavy metals in soil from industrial areas of Hangzhou, eastern China, Environmental Earth Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd as dominant ecological risk element (PERI 323.4) in industrial zone soils of Hangzhou (n=2,651); anthropogenic activity accounts for 84.6% of Cd loading; industrial Cd pathway for nearby agricultural land |
| 556 | Wang et al. 2023. Deterministic and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Metals in the Daily Diets of Residents in Industrial Regions of Northern Ningxia, China, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in diet of industrial Ningxia residents (n=187 samples); cereals primary contributor; cumulative carcinogenic risk above 10⁻⁴ threshold; China industrial-region dietary Cd occurrence |
| 557 | Winiarska-Mieczan et al. 2023. The Content of Cd and Pb in Herbs and Single-Component Spices Used in Polish Cuisine, Biological Trace Element Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Cd, Pb occurrence in Retail herbs and spices from Lublin, eastern Poland; 9 dried herb species (n=100), 15 fresh herb species (n=184),… (n=432) |
| 558 | Woreta et al. 2023. Occurrence and accumulation of metals in lupine seeds in Ethiopia, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | ET Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb occurrence in Lupine seed samples collected October-December 2020 from three sampling sites in each of four South Gondar Zone districts… (n=12) |
| 559 | Wyszkowski et al. 2023. Trace Element Content in Soils with Nitrogen Fertilisation and Humic Acids Addition, Agriculture | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PL Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co occurrence in Three-factor pot experiment with sand and loamy-sand soils, three nitrogen fertiliser forms, four humic-acid doses, and three replicates;… (n=72) |
| 560 | Xie et al. 2023. Associations of metal mixtures with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis: NHANES 2003–2018, Frontiers in Public Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Urinary Cd in NHANES mixture analysis (n=5,548 US adults); Cd as a component of metal mixtures associated with NAFLD and liver fibrosis; US population biomonitoring context |
| 561 | Xie et al. 2023. Quantitative source identification, risk assessment and pollution of heavy metals in soils around a typical Sb smelter in central and southern China, Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd as dominant ecological risk element (PERI 323.4) in soils around Hunan antimony smelter; Cd attributed 76.9% to agricultural activity; smelting-adjacent agricultural Cd contamination |
| 562 | Yu et al. 2023. Toxic Elements in Beans from Zhejiang, Southeast China: Distribution and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment, Foods | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, Cd, Cr, tHg, Pb occurrence in Black bean, broad bean, mung bean, soybean, red bean, kidney bean, and pea samples purchased from local commercial… (n=692) |
| 563 | Zakrzewska et al. 2023. Reduction of bioavailability and phytotoxicity effect of cadmium in soil by microbial-induced carbonate precipitation using metabolites of ureolytic bacterium Ochrobactrum sp. POC9, Frontiers in Plant Science | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | MICP treatment reduced soil Cd bioavailability 27–65% and Cd uptake by root parsley 86% (shoots); microbial carbonate precipitation as an agronomic Cd mitigation strategy for contaminated soils |
| 564 | Zeng et al. 2023. Heavy metal risk of disposable food containers on human health, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CN Be, V, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cd, Cr, Co, Sb, Ba, Pb, Fe, Cu, Se occurrence in Disposable paper cups, plastic cups, plastic bags, and plastic bowls purchased through an online retail channel in China;… (n=28) |
| 565 | Zergui et al. 2023. Evaluation of trace metallic element levels in coffee by ICP-MS: a comparative study among different origins, forms, and packaging types and consumer risk assessment, Biological Trace Element Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 44 coffee samples (instant, ground, beans) from Algerian markets; CDI exceeded RfD for Cd in some forms; coffee as a minor but detectable dietary Cd source |
| 566 | Zhan et al. 2023. Soil environmental study analysis of mining areas in the Yangshan Gold Belt, Gansu, Chinese Earth Sciences Review | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in Soil samples from the Anba-Getiaowan segment of the Yangshan Gold Belt, Gansu, China: 95 horizontal-profile samples and 25… (n=120) |
| 567 | Zhang et al. 2023. Metal compositions of particle emissions from material extrusion 3D printing: Emission sources and indoor exposure modeling, Science of the Total Environment | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | US Al, Cr, Cd, tAs, Pb, Ni, Sn, Sb occurrence in Eight material-extrusion 3D-printing filaments and their emitted particle samples, including PLA, nylon, bronze-filled PLA, stainless-steel-filled filament, and flame-retarded… (n=8) |
| 568 | Zhang et al. 2023. Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil along the Shuimo River by the Grey Relational Method and Factor Analysis, Metals | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, tHg occurrence in 122 riparian soil samples from 42 sampling points along the Shuimo River in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China; points covered… (n=122) |
| 569 | Zhao et al. 2023. Exogenous Silicon Alleviates Cadmium Stress by Promoting Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Rice, Frontiers in Plant Science | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in Rice varieties grown in Cd-contaminated pot experiments with silicon foliar spray treatments |
| 570 | Abdelnaby et al. 2022. Application of Bentonite Clay, Date Pit, and Chitosan Nanoparticles as Promising Adsorbents to Sequester Toxic Lead and Cadmium from Milk, Biological Trace Element Research | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in Egyptian raw and pasteurized cow milk (n=35); bentonite, date pit powder, and chitosan adsorbents tested for Cd reduction; dairy Cd occurrence and mitigation data |
| 571 | Mohammad et al. 2022. Determination of Lead and Cadmium Concentration in Different Samples of Tea and Coffee Circulating in the Libyan Market, International Journal of Science and Research | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | LY Pb, Cd occurrence in Seventeen tea samples and eleven coffee samples circulating in Tripoli, Libya during 2018-2019 (n=28) |
| 572 | Agarwal et al. 2022. Seasonal Variations in Bioaccumulation and Translocation of Toxic Heavy Metals in the Dominant Vegetables of East Kolkata Wetlands: a Case Study with Suggestive Ecorestorative Strategies, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in bottle gourd, okra, and maize from sewage-irrigated Kolkata wetlands; monsoon season produces highest Cd bioaccumulation; seasonal variation data for wastewater-irrigated vegetables |
| 573 | Alemu et al. 2022. Levels of selected essential and non-essential metals in wheat flour and health risk assessment among consumers in Ethiopia, Journal of Nutritional Science | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 9 Ethiopian wheat flour samples (range 0.041–0.216 mg/kg); HQ below 1; baseline Cd occurrence data for wheat flour in East African market context |
| 574 | Almeida et al. 2022. Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil, and Child Health Risks According to the Target Hazard Quotients and Target Cancer Risk, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19(18):11178 | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in cow-milk-based infant formulas marketed in Brazil (phase 1 and 2); multi-metal child health risk assessment including Cd; South American infant formula Cd occurrence data |
| 575 | Almukainzi et al. 2022. Quality and safety investigation of commonly used topical cosmetic preparations, Scientific Reports 12:18299 | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | SA/US/EU Pb, Cd, tAs, Al, Cr, Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn, Mn, Co occurrence in Twenty-one topical cosmetic products purchased from local markets and drug stores in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Product selection was… (n=21) |
| 576 | Anselm et al. 2022. Effects of Artificial Sweat Formulation and Extraction Temperature on Estimation of the Dermal Bioaccessibility of Potentially Toxic Elements in a Contaminated Soil from an E-Waste Recycling Site, Geosciences 12: 31 | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | NG tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn occurrence in Bulk composite topsoil (0-5 cm, <45 µm fraction) from Alaba International Market e-waste recycling area, Lagos, Nigeria (composited… (n=1) |
| 577 | Ahn et al. 2022. Expert Investigation Related to Cocoa and Chocolate Products: Final Report, Expert Committee report submitted to As You Sow and the Settling Defendants under a California Proposition 65 Consent Judgment; Project Manager: Eastern Research Group, Inc. (ERG). Final Report dated March 28, 2022 (381 pp., including three technical attachments). | 2022 | Industry | US-CA/US/EC Pb, Cd concentrations |
| 578 | Attard et al. 2022. Heavy Metals in Cosmetics, Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals (IntechOpen book chapter) | 2022 | Review | US/EU/WHO Pb, Cd, Ni, tHg, tAs occurrence in Multi-variate meta-analysis of published studies covering 16 cosmetic formulation categories |
| 579 | Bair 2022. A Narrative Review of Toxic Heavy Metal Content of Infant and Toddler Foods and Evaluation of United States Policy, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Narrative review synthesizing Cd, Pb, As, Hg contamination in US infant and toddler food categories; critically evaluates pre-2023 FDA regulatory response; canonical US infant food heavy metals policy reference |
| 580 | Balbo et al. 2022. Dietary exposure and risk characterisation of multiple chemical contaminants in rye-wheat bread marketed in Poland, EFSA Journal | 2022 | Government report | PL/EU Al, tAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni occurrence in 51 loaves of rye-wheat bread (refined flour, category A005N per FoodEx2) collected from popular supermarkets in Warsaw, Poland;… (n=51) |
| 581 | Bazie et al. 2022. Evaluation of metallic trace elements contents in some major raw foodstuffs in Burkina Faso and health risk assessment, Scientific Reports | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | BF Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni occurrence in rice, maize, peanut, tomato, and dried fish samples in Burkina Faso (n=222) |
| 582 | Bhat et al. 2022. Long-Term Operation of Brick-Kilns Led Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil-Plant-Animal Continuum in Kashmir Himalayas, Journal of Animal Research | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in Soil-plant-animal samples near brick kilns in Kashmir Himalayas |
| 583 | Blommaert et al. 2022. Cadmium translocation from soil to cacao bean: Isotope fractionation as a tool to assess plant compartmentalization and uptake mechanisms, Frontiers in Plant Science | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | BE Cd occurrence in Greenhouse pot experiment using Theobroma cacao plants; isotope fractionation and XAS analysis of plant compartments |
| 584 | Bora et al. 2022. Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, Romania, Horticulturae | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | RO/EU tAs, Cd, Pb, Zn occurrence in 80 fruit and vegetable samples from Galati County, Romania: 45 from commercial markets, 35 from amateur farmers; collected… (n=80) |
| 585 | Neuwirth 2022. Cereal and Juice, Lead and Arsenic, Our Children at Risk: A Call for the FDA to Re-Evaluate the Allowable Limits of Lead and Arsenic That Children May Ingest, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cited reference from International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
| 586 | Chang et al. 2022. Induction of rhizobium japonicum in the fermentative mass of two varieties of cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.) as a strategy for the decrease of cadmium, International Journal of Health Sciences | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | EC Cd occurrence in Six treatment means for Nacional and Trinitarian cocoa fermentative mass inoculated with 0%, 3%, or 5% Rhizobium japonicum… (n=6) |
| 587 | Chen et al. 2022. Determination of macro, micro and toxic element concentrations in peanuts from main peanut producing areas of China by ICP-MS: a pilot study on the geographical characterization, RSC Advances | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Al occurrence in Peanuts from 6 Chinese provinces (Jilin, Liaoning, Henan, Hebei, Guangxi, Guangdong) (n=66) |
| 588 | Cicero et al. 2022. Mineral and Microbiological Analysis of Spices and Aromatic Herbs, Foods | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | IT/SA/IN Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Al, Cr, Sn occurrence in 13 spice and aromatic herb samples purchased in an international market in Saudi Arabia, representing products from India,… (n=13) |
| 589 | A-A et al. 2022. Implementation of food matrix effects into chemical food contaminant risk assessment, EFSA Journal | 2022 | Government report | EU Cd, Pb, tHg, tAs occurrence in Systematic database compilation of published bioaccessibility and bioavailability data for Cd, Pb, Hg, and As across different food… |
| 590 | Ciont et al. 2022. Beer Safety: New Challenges and Future Trends within Craft and Large-Scale Production, Foods | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | GLOBAL/ET Pb, Cd, Al, Sn, Cu, Mn, Zn occurrence in Narrative review; no new samples were measured. The Data Availability Statement on page 16 states: ‘No new data… |
| 591 | Codex 2022. Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Cadmium Contamination in Cocoa Beans (CXC 81-2022), FAO and WHO, 2023. Codex Alimentarius Code of Practice No. CXC 81-2022. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. Rome. | 2022 | Government report | First commodity-specific Codex Code of Practice for Cd; covers full pre-harvest to transport chain for cocoa; load-bearing mitigation source for the cocoa-cadmium sections of Food sources |
| 592 | Souza et al. 2022. Determination of the Trace Element Contents of Fruit Juice Samples by ICP OES and ICP-MS, Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | ES/PT Al, tAs, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, Zn occurrence in 21 fruit juice and nectar samples: 16 commercial fruit juices, 2 commercial nectars, 2 laboratory-squeezed orange juices, and… (n=21) |
| 593 | DASU et al. 2022. Determination of Geographical and Seasonal Variations of Heavy Metals in Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares), International Journal of Current Science Research and Review | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | LK tHg, Pb, tAs, Cd occurrence in Secondary heavy-metal analysis data for swordfish and yellowfin tuna from Sri Lankan export companies, 2015-2017 |
| 594 | Diyarov et al. 2022. The effect of food processing on the content of heavy metals in vegetables, Chemical Bulletin of Kazakh National University | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | KZ Zn, Pb, Mn, Cd, Cu occurrence in Carrot, potato, and onion samples subjected to different food-processing treatments |
| 595 | EFSA 2022. Safety evaluation of buffered vinegar as a food additive, EFSA Journal | 2022 | Government report | EU Pb, tAs, Cd, tHg occurrence in 5 batches liquid buffered vinegar + 5 batches powder buffered vinegar; analysed for As, Pb, Cd, Hg by… (n=10) |
| 596 | EFSA 2022. Follow-up of the re-evaluation of glycerol (E 422) as a food additive, EFSA Journal | 2022 | Government report | Cd in 18 commercial glycerol (E 422) food-additive samples; all below LOD; EFSA recommended lowering EU Cd specification limit for this additive; food-additive Cd exposure pathway |
| 597 | EFSA 2022. Safety of Lemna minor and Lemna gibba whole plant material as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283, EFSA Journal | 2022 | Government report | EU tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Ten production batches (five Lemna minor, five Lemna gibba) from a commercial applicant, analyzed by ICP-MS per NEN… (n=10) |
| 598 | EFSA 2022. Follow-up of the re-evaluation of polyglycerol polyricinoleate (E 476) as a food additive, EFSA Journal | 2022 | Regulatory | Cd in 13 commercial PGPR (E 476) samples; all below LOQ; EFSA recommended lower EU Cd specification for this chocolate emulsifier; relevant to chocolate-product Cd pathway |
| 599 | EFSA 2022. Follow-up of the re-evaluation of polyglycerol esters of fatty acids (E 475) as a food additive, EFSA Journal | 2022 | Government report | Cd in 14 commercial polyglycerol esters (E 475) food-additive samples; all below LOQ; EFSA recommended lower EU Cd specification limit; food-additive Cd occurrence context |
| 600 | EFSA 2022. Follow-up of the re-evaluation of sulfur dioxide (E 220), sodium sulfite (E 221), sodium bisulfite (E 222), sodium metabisulfite (E 223), potassium metabisulfite (E 224), calcium sulfite (E 226), calcium bisulfite (E 227) and potassium bisulfite (E 228), EFSA Journal | 2022 | Government report | EU Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg occurrence in Commercial samples of sodium sulfite (E 221), sodium bisulfite (E 222), sodium metabisulfite (E 223), and potassium metabisulfite… |
| 601 | Esplandiu et al. 2022. From radial to unidirectional water pumping in zeta-potential modulated Nafion nanostructures, Nature Communications | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd occurrence in Laboratory Nafion micropump experiments using aqueous cadmium chloride and sodium chloride solutions. |
| 602 | FDA 2022. Total Diet Study Report: Fiscal Years 2018-2020 Elements Data, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Total Diet Study Program | 2022 | Government report | FDA TDS FY2018-2020 comprehensive US dietary Cd occurrence data across foods prepared as consumed; primary US population-level Cd exposure dataset; supports Regulatory limits and Food sources sections |
| 603 | FDA 2022. FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical Results Key, FDA Total Diet Study supporting documentation | 2022 | Government report | Field-definition key for the FDA TDS FY2018-2020 Cd dataset; methodology context for all wiki claims derived from FDA TDS values (basis, units, reporting limit definitions) |
| 604 | FDA 2022. FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical Results, FDA Total Diet Study | 2022 | Government dataset | Underlying analytical dataset for FDA TDS FY2018-2020; sample-level and food-level Cd concentrations across US dietary foods; powers structured evidence layer for multiple ingredient pages |
| 605 | Fechner et al. 2022. Results of the BfR MEAL Study: In Germany, mercury is mostly contained in fish and seafood while cadmium, lead, and nickel are present in a broad spectrum of foods, Food Chemistry: X | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | DE/EU tHg, MeHg, Cd, Pb, Ni occurrence in 869 pooled samples from 356 foods representing 90%+ of German food consumption; adults and adolescents N=13,926 (NVS II… (n=869) |
| 606 | Freire et al. 2022. Concentrations and determinants of lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic in pooled donor breast milk in Spain, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | ES Pb, tHg, Cd, tAs occurrence in 242 pooled breast milk samples from 83 human-milk-bank donors in Spain, 2015-2018 (n=242) |
| 607 | Fu et al. 2022. Physiological and Transcriptomic Comparison of Two Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Cultivars With High/Low Cadmium Accumulation, Frontiers in Plant Science | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | High vs low Cd accumulation sunflower cultivars; NRAMP gene as candidate Cd-uptake driver; cultivar selection as a mechanism for reducing sunflower seed Cd |
| 608 | Gautam et al. 2022. Health Risk Assessment: Heavy Metals (Lead, Cadmium and Nickel) in Jewellery (Oral and Dermal Contact), Institute of Environmental Science and Research client report FW22035 for the New Zealand Ministry of Health, November 2022 | 2022 | Agency report | NZ/US/CA Pb, Cd, Ni occurrence in No original New Zealand market sampling. ESR/Ministry of Health risk assessment summarizing jewelry metal-content studies, bioaccessibility studies, regulations,… |
| 609 | Getu et al. 2022. Determination of the Level of Heavy Metals in the Selected Cereals from Debre Markos Local Market, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, International Journal of Analytical Chemistry | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | ET Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in Four cereal types (barley, tef, wheat, maize) purchased from 40 merchants at Debre Markos local market, Amhara region,… (n=4) |
| 610 | Gredilla et al. 2022. A Rapid Routine Methodology Based on Chemometrics to Evaluate the Toxicity of Commercial Infant Milks Due to Hazardous Elements, Food Analytical Methods | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | BR/CO Li, Al, Mg, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Se, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, tHg, Tl, Pb, Mo occurrence in Twelve commercial powdered milk formulas purchased in representative cities of Brazil and Colombia: nine child/infant milks and three… (n=12) |
| 611 | Gul et al. 2022. Contamination by Hazardous Elements in Low-Priced Children’s Plastic Toys Bought on the Local Markets of Karachi, Pakistan, Environmental Science and Pollution Research; local raw file is the Research Square version 1 preprint | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | PK/EU/US Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cr, Cu, Mn occurrence in 44 low-priced children’s plastic toys purchased from Karachi local markets, including 23 children’s plastic toys (DCT) and 21… (n=44) |
| 612 | Guo 2022. Root targeted over-expression of the heavy metal tolerance genes TaPCS1 and AtHMA3 reduces As and Cd accumulation in aerial tissues of Oryza Sativa (Rice) Plants, Master of Science thesis, University of California San Diego | 2022 | Thesis | Cd, tAs occurrence in Hydroponic Nipponbare wildtype rice plants and transgenic Oryza sativa lines with root-specific overexpression of TaPCS1 or AtHMA3; TaPCS1… |
| 613 | Gutiérrez et al. 2022. Cadmium fractionation in soils affected by organic matter application: Transfer of cadmium to cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) tissues, Frontiers in Environmental Science | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | EC Cd occurrence in Four Ecuadorian cacao farms, three in Manabi and one in Guayas, with cacao pods and leaves sampled under… (n=4) |
| 614 | Hahn et al. 2022. Chemical contaminant levels in edible seaweeds of the Salish Sea and implications for their consumption, PLOS ONE | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd exceeded international limits at every collection site in three edible seaweed species from the Salish Sea (n=58); supports seaweed as a high-Cd food source in the Food sources section |
| 615 | Haider et al. 2022. Nutritional Quality and Safety Characteristics of Imported Biscuits Marketed in Basrah, Iraq, Applied Sciences | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | IQ/ES/IR Pb, Cd occurrence in 36 imported biscuit samples (9 brands per country of origin × 4 countries: Spain, Iran, Turkey, UAE) sold… (n=36) |
| 616 | Hao et al. 2022. Probabilistic health risk assessment of inorganic arsenic and some heavy metals in rice produced from a typical multi-mining county, China, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in rice from Pb-Zn mining county (n=220); Cd and iAs as dominant risk drivers; 72–78% probability of exceeding non-carcinogenic threshold; mining as major rice Cd hotspot driver |
| 617 | Hasan et al. 2022. Determination of heavy metals in raw and pasteurized liquid milk of Bangladesh to assess the potential health risks, Food Research | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn occurrence in Sixty-four raw cow-milk samples and 64 liquid pasteurized cow-milk samples collected from local markets across the 64 administrative… (n=128) |
| 618 | Hasan et al. 2022. Determination of heavy metals in raw and pasteurized liquid milk of Bangladesh to assess the potential health risks, Food Research | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | BD Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs occurrence in 64 raw cow milk samples and 64 liquid pasteurized milk samples collected from 64 administrative areas of Bangladesh… (n=128) |
| 619 | Health 2022. Health Safety Assessment of Ready-to-Eat Products Consumed by Children Aged 0.5–3 Years on the Polish Market, | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cited reference from |
| 620 | Hisam et al. 2022. Phytoremediation process of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) in absorbing heavy metal concentration in wastewater, Journal of Agrobiotechnology | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | MY Cd, Cu, Zn occurrence in Twenty-day phytoremediation experiment exposing Ipomoea aquatica to 5, 10, and 15 ppm Cd, Cu, and Zn in wastewater… |
| 621 | Huang et al. 2022. The lead and cadmium content in rice and risk to human health in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis, PLoS ONE | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd occurrence in 24 studies of Pb and 29 studies of Cd in rice across Chinese provinces, published 2011–2021 (n=24) |
| 622 | Jaiswal et al. 2022. Heavy metal contamination in the complete stretch of Yamuna river: A fuzzy logic approach for comprehensive health risk assessment, PLoS ONE | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in Yamuna river irrigation/drinking water (n=182 samples, 7-year monitoring); Cd within WHO limits; water Cd as minor contributor to India food-chain cadmium |
| 623 | JECFA 2022. Cadmium: dietary exposure assessment, WHO Food Additives Series, No. 82 (Safety evaluation of certain contaminants in food, prepared by the 91st meeting of JECFA) | 2022 | Government report | JECFA 91st meeting dietary Cd exposure assessment; confirms PTMI 25 µg/kg bw/month; cocoa-product contributions push child dietary Cd to 96% of PTMI; load-bearing reference for the Vulnerable populations and At a glance sections |
| 624 | Jiang et al. 2022. Selenium Decreases the Cadmium Content in Brown Rice: Foliar Se Application to Plants Grown in Cd-contaminated Soil, Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd, Se occurrence in Three-year field experiment (2017-2019) in Taojiang County, Hunan, China: three rice cultivars grown in low-Cd and high-Cd paddy… (n=108) |
| 625 | Khatemeh et al. 2022. Evaluation of bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) and liver samples of sheep, Veterinary Research Forum | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in 50 samples: F. hepatica (n=10), D. dendriticum (n=10), infected sheep livers (n=10 each parasite), and uninfected sheep livers… (n=50) |
| 626 | Kiczorowski et al. 2022. Effect of fermentation of chosen vegetables on the nutrient, mineral, and biocomponent profile in human and animal nutrition, Scientific Reports | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd occurrence in Raw and fermented broccoli, carrot, cucumber, pepper, and red beet, four repetitions per vegetable combination (n=40) |
| 627 | Kim et al. 2022. Dietary effects of black soldier fly larvae oil on laying hen performance, egg quality, and egg safety, Animal Bioscience | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in eggs from hens fed black soldier fly larvae oil; all Cd below Korean and international limits; confirms BSF oil as feed ingredient does not elevate egg Cd |
| 628 | Kletikova et al. 2022. Effect of Feed Additive on the Mineral Composition of Quail Blood, Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | RU Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Cr, Mn, Co, tAs, Li, Ni, Sb, Al, Ti, Pb, tHg, Cd occurrence in Ten control and ten experimental Japanese laying quails sampled for blood serum minerals at 120 days after the… (n=20) |
| 629 | Kumar et al. 2022. Freshwater Macrophytes: A Potential Source of Minerals and Fatty Acids for Fish, Poultry, and Livestock, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 12 freshwater macrophyte species; Hydrilla verticillata showed highest Cd; all within WHO/FAO permissible limits; macrophytes as potential animal feed Cd pathway |
| 630 | Li et al. 2022. Spatial distribution and risk assessment of fluorine and cadmium in rice, corn, and wheat grains in most karst regions of Guizhou province, China, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in Grain samples from karst regions of Guizhou province, China: 113 rice, 119 corn, 102 wheat (n=334) |
| 631 | Li et al. 2022. Co-exposure of potentially toxic elements in wheat grains reveals a probabilistic health risk in Southwestern Guizhou, China, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in wheat grains from Guizhou karst region (n=149); mean Cd met FAO limits despite geological background elevated Cd; cumulative HI>1 for children driven mainly by As and Cr |
| 632 | Liu et al. 2022. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and food crops from a coexist area of heavily industrialized and intensively cropping in the Chengdu Plain, Sichuan, China, Frontiers in Chemistry | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Severe Cd contamination: mean rice Cd 0.46 mg/kg, 78% of grain samples exceeding China MPL; industrial activity near Chengdu paddies driving rice Cd well above regulatory limits |
| 633 | Qinghui et al. 2022. Co-accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in rice cultivars under field conditions in South China, Research Square | 2022 | Preprint | CN Cd, tAs, iAs, DMA, MMA occurrence in Brown rice grains from 208 rice cultivars grown under field conditions in South China |
| 634 | Lopez et al. 2022. Reducing cadmium bioaccumulation in Theobroma cacao using biochar: basis for scaling-up to field, Heliyon | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | EC Cd occurrence in Two Ecuadorian cacao-farm soils, one slightly alkaline from Manabi province and one moderately acidic from Azuay province, tested… (n=2) |
| 635 | Lordan et al. 2022. Cadmium: A Focus on the Brown Crab (Cancer pagurus) Industry and Potential Human Health Risks, Toxics | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | IE/EU/NO Cd occurrence in Narrative review of the brown crab (Cancer pagurus) industry and cadmium exposure; tabulates cadmium concentrations compiled from prior… |
| 636 | Masite et al. 2022. Trace Metals, Crude Protein, and TGA-FTIR Analysis of Evolved Gas Products in the Thermal Decomposition of Roasted Mopane Worms, Sweet Corn, and Peanuts, International Journal of Food Science | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | ZA tAs, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb occurrence in Roasted mopane worms (Gonimbrasia belina), sweet corn, and peanuts purchased from South African markets (n=3) |
| 637 | Mawari et al. 2022. Heavy metal contamination in drinking water and its relation to human health in industrial areas of Maharashtra, India, Environmental Health Insights | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | IN tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb, Ni, Cr occurrence in 7 industrial area sampling locations in Maharashtra, India; urinary Hg and As biomarkers in workers/residents (n=7) |
| 638 | Mawari et al. 2022. Heavy Metal Accumulation in Fruits and Vegetables and Human Health Risk Assessment: Findings From Maharashtra, India, Environmental Health Insights | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 24 vegetable and fruit types from Maharashtra (mean 0.02 mg/kg); garlic showed highest HM accumulation; Indian market Cd occurrence data for vegetables |
| 639 | Mercan 2022. Determination of Aflatoxin and Heavy Metal Levels in Some Spices Sold as Unpackaged in Van Province and Health Risks Assessment of Heavy Metals, Balikesir Health Sciences Journal | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | TR Ni, tAs, Cd, Pb, Al occurrence in 60 unpackaged spice samples sold in Van Province, Turkey: black pepper n=20, cumin n=20, and red pepper n=20. (n=60) |
| 640 | Mercan 2022. Determination of Aflatoxin and Heavy Metal Levels in Some Spices Sold as Unpackaged in Van Province and Health Risks Assessment of Heavy Metals, Balikesir Health Sciences Journal | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | TR Ni, tAs, Cd, Pb, Al occurrence in Unpackaged red pepper, black pepper, and cumin samples sold in Van province, Turkey (n=60) |
| 641 | Modddaresi et al. 2022. Heavy metal content in cosmetic products: a comparative review on permissible levels in global regulatory requirements and available analytical tests, IFSCC 2022 full paper; Personal Care Regulatory Ltd, Cambridge, UK | 2022 | Review | EU/GB/US Pb, tAs, Cd, tHg, Sb, Ni, Cr, Co occurrence in Comparative regulatory and analytical-method review; no primary cosmetic product samples were collected or measured by this source. |
| 642 | Ben et al. 2022. Natural Clays as Adsorbents for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Phosphogypsum, Water-Energy-Nexus in the Ecological Transition (Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation), Springer, pp. 433–436 | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | TN Cd, Cr, U occurrence in Three Tunisian natural clay deposits (Haidoudi, Romana, Hmaymet) from the Gabes region of southern Tunisia, plus phosphogypsum waste… |
| 643 | Mukhi et al. 2022. Assessment of heavy metals in food and drug packaging materials, F1000Research | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 13 Indian food and drug packaging materials; Cd exceeded EU limits in 1 sample; packaging as a minor Cd exposure pathway beyond food content itself |
| 644 | Munir et al. 2022. Heavy Metal Contamination of Natural Foods Is a Serious Health Issue: A Review, Sustainability | 2022 | Review | Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr occurrence in Narrative review synthesizing published literature on heavy metal contamination in plant-based foods globally |
| 645 | Nelson et al. 2022. Determination of Heavy Metals in a Variety of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products, First Action 2021.03, Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | US/CA tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in Four cannabis/cannabis-derived validation matrices with native As, Cd, Hg, and Pb values in Table 5: flower (inhaled), hemp… (n=4) |
| 646 | Nieder et al. 2022. Potentially toxic elements in the environment and human health: An integrated review, AIMS Public Health | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | tAs, Cd, Cr, tHg, Pb occurrence in Systematic narrative review; synthesizes global literature on As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb in environment and food chain |
| 647 | Njinga et al. 2022. Major chemical carcinogens and health exposure risks in some therapeutic herbal plants in Nigeria, PLOS ONE | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Cr occurrence in Dried plant material of Adansonia digitata (baobab), Psidium guajava (guava), and Carica papaya (papaya) collected from Northern Nigeria… (n=3) |
| 648 | Nwankwoala et al. 2022. Heavy metal concentrations levels in groundwater and wastewater sources in parts of Trans-Amadi, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Fe, tHg, tAs, Cd occurrence in Ten domestic water-supply boreholes and four industrial wastewater samples from Trans-Amadi, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, collected in August 2011. (n=14) |
| 649 | Okolo et al. 2022. Chemical and microbiological quality of commercial fresh and frozen chicken drumstick in Umuhia, Nigeria, International Journal of Food, Agriculture, and Natural Resources | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb occurrence in Fresh and frozen commercial chicken drumsticks from Umuahia metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria |
| 650 | Larsen et al. 2022. Status and Trend for Heavy Metals (Mercury, Cadmium and Lead) in Fish, Shellfish and Sediment, OSPAR Commission, Quality Status Report 2023 Common Indicator Assessment | 2022 | Government report | EU/BE/DK Pb, Cd, tHg, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, tAs, Co, Ag, Sn occurrence in Aggregated CEMP monitoring data from 603 to 647 biota monitoring sites and 393 to 401 sediment monitoring sites… |
| 651 | Palka et al. 2022. Effect of a Diet Supplemented with Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) or Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.) on the Content of Selected Heavy Metals in Liver and Rabbit Meat, Animals | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd occurrence in 60 Termond White rabbits in Poland, split into control feed, 1% nettle-leaf feed, and 1% fenugreek-seed feed groups (n=60) |
| 652 | Parker et al. 2022. Human health risk assessment of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury ingestion from baby foods, Toxicology Reports | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 36 US baby food samples across fruit, grain, leguminous vegetable, and root vegetable matrices; detection frequency, min/mean/median/max by category; US infant food Cd occurrence and risk assessment |
| 653 | Parker et al. 2022. Human health risk assessment of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury ingestion from baby foods, Toxicology Reports | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in 36 baby and toddler food samples (n=9 per ingredient category: fruit, grain, leguminous vegetable, root vegetable) purchased from… (n=36) |
| 654 | Prevendar et al. 2022. Enhanced levels of hazardous trace elements (Cd, Cu, Pb, Se, Zn) in bird tissues in the context of environmental pollution by Raša coal, Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik (The Mining-Geology-Petroleum Engineering Bulletin) | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | HR/EU Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Se occurrence in 20 wild birds collected December 2019 – January 2020 in eastern Istria, Croatia. Raša coal-polluted area (n=12) comprised… (n=20) |
| 655 | Qu et al. 2022. Association between environmental lead/cadmium co-exposure in drinking water and soil and type 2 diabetes mellitus/obesity in Southern China, Frontiers in Public Health | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Pb/Cd co-exposure via drinking water and soil in Pearl River Delta China (n=1,274); no significant association with T2DM; higher Cd ADD associated with lower body weight |
| 656 | Rabetokotany et al. 2022. Organic resources from Madagascar: Dataset of chemical and near-infrared spectroscopy measurements, Data in Brief | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in livestock manures, urban composts, and agro-industrial byproducts from Madagascar; high Pb variability (mean 429 mg/kg); supply-chain context for Cd in organic soil amendments |
| 657 | Ravalli et al. 2022. Sociodemographic inequalities in uranium and other metals in community water systems across the USA, 2006–11: a cross-sectional study, The Lancet Planetary Health | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd among 10 metals measured in 37,915 US community water systems; demographic inequalities in metal exposure; water Cd as a contributor to cumulative US dietary exposure |
| 658 | Rempelos et al. 2022. Diet, but not food type, significantly affects micronutrient and toxic metal profiles in urine and/or plasma; a randomized, controlled intervention trial, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | GB/GR Al, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb occurrence in Twenty-seven healthy adult students in a 5-week randomized diet switch-over trial: habitual Western diet, 2-week Mediterranean diet in… (n=27) |
| 659 | Riyazuddin et al. 2022. A Comprehensive Review on the Heavy Metal Toxicity and Sequestration in Plants, Biomolecules | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, tAs, tHg, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Al occurrence in Narrative review; no primary measurements. |
| 660 | Rokanuzzaman et al. 2022. Assessment of Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Eggs and Eggshells of Gallus gallus domesticus, Coturnix coturnix and Anas platyrhynchos from Bangladesh, Saudi Journal of Biomedical Research | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn occurrence in Five egg-content samples and five eggshell samples collected from the Jahangirnagar University area of Savar, Bangladesh, covering indigenous… (n=10) |
| 661 | Sadee 2022. Determination of trace metals in vegetables using ICP-MS, ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | IQ tAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu occurrence in ten common vegetables from local markets in Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (n=10) |
| 662 | Sarkar et al. 2022. Drinking Water Quality and Public Health in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Coliform Bacteria, Chemical Contaminants, and Health Status of Consumers, Journal of Environmental and Public Health | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd measured in 35 Kathmandu Valley drinking water sources; Cd within WHO guidelines; water quality context for rice-growing agricultural regions of Nepal |
| 663 | Sarker et al. 2022. Heavy metals contamination and associated health risks in food webs — a review focuses on food safety and environmental sustainability in Bangladesh, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2022 | Review | BD Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni occurrence in Systematic review of published literature on heavy metal contamination in foodstuffs, soil, and water in Bangladesh; first systematic… |
| 664 | al. 2022. Sulfur reduces arsenic and cadmium translocation from root to shoot in wheat by regulating vacuolar sequestration, Frontiers in Plant Science | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Sulfur supplementation reduces Cd translocation from wheat roots to grain via vacuolar sequestration; agronomic lever for reducing grain Cd in wheat cropping systems |
| 665 | Signes-Pastor et al. 2022. Dietary Exposure to Essential and Non-essential Elements During Infants’ First Year of Life in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, Exposure and Health | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, Pb, Cd, tHg, Al, Sb, Sn occurrence in Exclusively breastfed US infants enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS); urine collected at 6 weeks… (n=187) |
| 666 | Sitek et al. 2022. The role of antioxidant vitamins in cadmium toxicity prevention, Nutrients | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Review of dietary Cd exposure and oxidative-stress toxicity mechanisms; rice, potatoes, wheat, and leafy vegetables identified as primary Cd contributors (40–60% of European dietary Cd); antioxidant vitamin amelioration evidence |
| 667 | Sripada et al. 2022. Interventions to reduce cadmium exposure in low- and middle-income countries during pregnancy and childhood: A systematic review, Journal of Global Health | 2022 | Review | LMICs Cd occurrence in 26 studies from 21 LMICs covering interventions in pregnant women, infants, and children (n=26) |
| 668 | Sultana et al. 2022. Heavy Metals in Commonly Consumed Root and Leafy Vegetables in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, and Assessment of Associated Public Health Risks, Environmental Systems Research | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni occurrence in Root vegetables (beet, radish, carrot, turnip) and leafy vegetables (mustard, cabbage, spinach, coriander, mint) from Kawran Bazar market,… (n=36) |
| 669 | Sun et al. 2022. Statement on Establishment of A Provisional Health Based Guidance Value for Dietary Exposure to Cadmium in China, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences | 2022 | Government report | China CFSA derivation confirming Cd PTMI of 25 µg/kg bw/month using renal biomarker data from 7,152 participants, justifying China’s rice ML of 0.2 mg/kg and illustrating divergence from EU (0.15) and Codex (0.4 mg/kg) limits |
| 670 | Swiercz et al. 2022. Changes in the Concentrations of Trace Elements and Supply of Nutrients to Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.) Needles as a Bioindicator of Industrial Pressure over the Past 30 Years in Swietokrzyski National Park (Southern Poland), Forests | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | PL Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn occurrence in Ten protected-forest plots in Swietokrzyski National Park, Poland, sampled in September 1986 and repeated in September 2018; each… (n=40) |
| 671 | al. 2022. N-doped carbon dots fluorescence sensor for simultaneous detection of Cd2+ and Hg2+ in food samples, Frontiers in Chemistry | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Method paper: N-doped carbon dot fluorescence sensor for simultaneous Cd and Hg detection in food matrices (apple, cabbage), validated by spiked-recovery; no occurrence data |
| 672 | Tan et al. 2022. Characteristics of Three Organic Fertilizers and Their Influence on the Mobility of Cadmium and Arsenic in a Soil-Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) System, Research Square | 2022 | Preprint | CN Cd, tAs occurrence in Pot experiment with Cd/As-contaminated paddy soil from Liuyang City, Hunan Province, China; three organic fertilizer types applied at… (n=30) |
| 673 | Ullah et al. 2022. Health Risk Assessment and Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Heavy Metals in Vegetables of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Region, Pakistan, Biological Trace Element Research | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn occurrence in Nine locally grown vegetable types from three peri-urban D.I. Khan sectors: sectors X and Y irrigated with untreated… |
| 674 | Ungureanu et al. 2022. Occurrence of Potentially Toxic Elements in Bottled Drinking Water-Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risks Assessment in Adults via Ingestion, Foods | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | RO/EU Ba, Co, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Li, Fe, Pb, Cd, Cr, Sb occurrence in Bottled drinking water samples available on the Romanian market, purchased between 2019 and 2021 (n=50) |
| 675 | Upson et al. 2022. Menstrual products as a source of environmental chemical exposure: A review from the epidemiologic perspective, Current Environmental Health Reports 9(1):38-52 | 2022 | Peer reviewed review | US/SE/DK Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Narrative review of 23 studies measuring environmental chemicals in menstrual products plus 3 epidemiologic studies of menstrual-product use… (n=26) |
| 676 | Usman et al. 2022. Proximate composition and heavy metal content of Pleurotus tuberregium mushroom grown on different substrates in (Aba) Nigeria, GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in Pleurotus tuberregium mushrooms grown in four replicates on topsoil, sawdust, riversand, and a riversand-sawdust mixture in Aba, Nigeria. (n=16) |
| 677 | Vanisree et al. 2022. Heavy Metal Contamination of Food Crops: Transportation via Food Chain, Human Consumption, Toxicity and Management Strategies, IntechOpen — Environmental Impact and Remediation of Heavy Metals (edited volume, chapter) | 2022 | Book chapter | BD/IN Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr, Ni occurrence in Review chapter; includes a table of heavy metal concentrations in effluent-contaminated irrigation water from Bangladesh’s Dhaka Export Processing… |
| 678 | Wade et al. 2022. Drivers of cadmium accumulation in Theobroma cacao L. beans: A quantitative synthesis of soil-plant relationships across the Cacao Belt, PLOS ONE | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Quantitative synthesis of 2,127 observations from 31 studies across 10 cacao-belt countries identifying total soil Cd and soil pH as dominant predictors of bean Cd, with over 57% of Latin American samples exceeding EU thresholds |
| 679 | WHO 2022. Guidelines for drinking-water quality: fourth edition incorporating the first and second addenda, Geneva: World Health Organization | 2022 | Government report | WHO/Global Pb, Cd, iAs, tAs, tHg, Ni, Al, Cr, Sn, U, Sb occurrence in Drinking-water consumers globally; guideline values derived for a 60 kg adult consuming 2 L/day, with bottle-fed infants flagged… |
| 680 | Winiarska-Mieczan et al. 2022. Cadmium and Lead Concentration in Drinking Instant Coffee, Instant Coffee Drinks and Coffee Substitutes: Safety and Health Risk Assessment, Biological Trace Element Research | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | PL Cd, Pb occurrence in 49 instant coffee, instant coffee drink, and coffee-substitute products bought in grocery stores in Chelm, Zamosc, and Lublin,… (n=49) |
| 681 | al. 2022. Ameliorative effects of selenized yeast on laying hen performance and heavy metal residues in eggs, Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Controlled feeding study showing selenized yeast supplementation significantly reduces Cd accumulation in egg yolk and white from hens given Cd doses, providing baseline egg Cd data and a mitigation pathway |
| 682 | Xie et al. 2022. Genome-Wide Identification and Expressional Profiling of the Metal Tolerance Protein Gene Family in Brassica napus, Genes | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se, Zn occurrence in Genome-wide identification of 33 Brassica napus metal tolerance protein genes, followed by rapeseed seedling leaf/root qRT-PCR response testing… (n=33) |
| 683 | Xu et al. 2022. Effects of soil properties on heavy metal bioavailability and accumulation in crop grains under different farmland use patterns, Scientific Reports | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn occurrence in 81 crop-grain samples and 81 paired agricultural-soil samples from rape, wheat, and paddy fields in Tongling, China (n=81) |
| 684 | Yahaya et al. 2022. Heavy Metal Content and Associated Health Risks in Selected Energy Drinks Sold in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | NG Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe, Cd occurrence in One hundred and twenty energy-drink samples (forty samples of each of three popular commercial brands of canned energy… (n=120) |
| 685 | Qinghua et al. 2022. Prediction and Health Risk Assessment of Copper, Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, and Nickel in Tieguanyin Tea: A Case Study from Fujian, China, Foods | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni occurrence in 91 Tieguanyin tea samples (500 g each) randomly collected from tea shops, supermarkets, and tea factories in Fujian… (n=91) |
| 686 | Zhang et al. 2022. Risk assessment of heavy metals contamination in pork, Food Control | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, tAs, Cd, tHg occurrence in Secondary aggregation of previously published Chinese pork heavy-metal concentration records from CNKI: 42 Pb records, 36 Cd records,… (n=126) |
| 687 | Zhao et al. 2022. Exposure to Lead and Cadmium in the Sixth Total Diet Study — China, 2016–2019, China CDC Weekly | 2022 | Government report | CN Pb, Cd occurrence in Adult Chinese males (18–45 years, 63 kg reference body weight), 24 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs), 2016–2019; 288 composite… (n=288) |
| 688 | Zhao et al. 2022. Exposure to Lead and Cadmium in the Sixth Total Diet Study — China, 2016–2019, China CDC Weekly | 2022 | Government report | CN Pb, Cd occurrence in 288 composite samples from the 24 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) of the Sixth China Total Diet Study, covering… (n=288) |
| 689 | Zmudzinska et al. 2022. Health Safety Assessment of Ready-to-Eat Products Consumed by Children Aged 0.5–3 Years on the Polish Market, Nutrients 14(11):2325 | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, As, Hg, and Pb in 397 Polish ready-to-eat baby products (0.5–3 years); reports category means and exceedance rates against EU MLs, with Cd mean 0.22 µg/kg across all product types |
| 690 | Agustina et al. 2021. Analysis of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in Whitening Creams using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Indonesian Journal of Chemistry and Environment | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | ID Pb, Cd occurrence in Five face whitening cream samples sold in stores around Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. (n=5) |
| 691 | Al et al. 2021. Heavy Metal Levels in Milk and Cheese Produced in the Kvemo Kartli Region, Georgia, Foods | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | GE Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni occurrence in 195 cow milk samples and 25 cheese samples (16 Imeruli, 9 Sulguni) from 9 villages in the Kvemo… (n=220) |
| 692 | Alam et al. 2021. Heavy metal contamination and antibiotic residues in poultry feed and meat in Bangladesh, Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security 5(2):71-78 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | BD Cd, Pb, Cr occurrence in Broiler feed and meat from two selected poultry production belts of Bangladesh. (n=94 broiler feed samples and 60 broiler meat samples.) |
| 693 | Albals et al. 2021. Multi-element determination of essential and toxic metals in green and roasted coffee beans: A comparative study among different origins using ICP-MS, Science Progress | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | JO Pb, Cd, Al, Cr, Ni, U occurrence in Green and roasted coffee beans from five origins (Brazil, Colombia, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Yemen) sold on the Jordanian market (n=56) |
| 694 | Alrajhi et al. 2021. Investigation of metals released from imported cookware collected from a local market in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Revista Internacional de Contaminacion Ambiental | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | SA Mn, Fe, Cu, Cr, tAs, Zn, Ni, Al, Cd, Pb occurrence in Forty-six imported metallic aluminium cookware items purchased from a local market in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (n=46) |
| 695 | Althobiti et al. 2021. An Isotopic Study of Bio-accessible Lead in Wheat, Miswak Toothbrush and Miswak Fruit Using the Continuous On-line Leaching Method with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Atomic Spectroscopy | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | SA Pb, Cd occurrence in Wheat samples from Saudi Arabia/Dubai contexts plus Miswak toothbrush and Miswak fruit samples evaluated for bio-accessible lead isotope… (n=7) |
| 696 | Altmaier 2021. The Big Four Heavy Metals in Cannabis: Sample Preparation and Analysis via ICP-MS, Cannabis Science and Technology | 2021 | Trade publication | DE/EU tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb, Cr, Ni occurrence in Three industrial-hemp flower varieties purchased from a German drugstore (Finola, Felina, Santhica; 25 g dried-bud batches), prepared by… (n=3) |
| 697 | Amjad et al. 2021. Determination of Heavy Metals in Locally Available Chocolates in Lahore Region, Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd occurrence in Thirty locally available chocolate samples collected from shops and markets in Lahore, Pakistan (n=30) |
| 698 | Astolfi et al. 2021. Determination of 40 Elements in Powdered Infant Formulas and Related Risk Assessment, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and 39 other elements in 22 Italian powdered infant formula samples; risk assessment for Cd, Pb, As, Cr, and Ni confirms all below EU regulatory limits for Italian market |
| 699 | Aziz et al. 2021. Potential of Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui grown in Nuniachara, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb, tAs, Cr, Cd occurrence in Replicate analyses of Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui grown at Nuniachara, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh and evaluated as seafood/food supplement. (n=3) |
| 700 | Badeenezhad et al. 2021. Comprehensive health risk analysis of heavy metal pollution using water quality indices and Monte Carlo simulation in R software, Scientific Reports | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | IR Cd, Pb, tHg, Cr, tAs occurrence in Groundwater samples from drinking water sources, Shiraz, Iran (n=80) |
| 701 | Balali-Mood et al. 2021. Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Arsenic, Frontiers in Pharmacology 12:643972 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Mechanistic review of Cd toxicity pathways: glutathione depletion, metallothionein binding, oxidative stress, DNA repair inhibition, and IARC Group 1 carcinogen classification context |
| 702 | Limani et al. 2021. Characterization of honey: determination of metal and sugar content, Journal of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | MK/RS Pb, Cd, tAs, Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Zn, Se, Cr, Ni occurrence in Five unprocessed flower-honey samples from Skopje and Kumanovo in North Macedonia and Preshevo in Serbia, including four beekeeper… (n=5) |
| 703 | Benabbes et al. 2021. Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Synthetic and Natural Hair Dyes in Morocco Using Differential Pulse Polarography, Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta 39(1):37-44 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | MA Pb, Cd occurrence in Sixteen commercial hair dye products purchased from Moroccan markets, comprising 13 synthetic hair dyes classified by the authors… (n=16) |
| 704 | Bielecka et al. 2021. Assessment of the Safe Consumption of Nuts in Terms of the Content of Toxic Elements with Chemometric Analysis, Nutrients | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Poland tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in One hundred twenty edible nut samples purchased from Polish markets between January and March 2021: ten samples each… (n=120) |
| 705 | Chandravanshi et al. 2021. Developmental toxicity of cadmium in infants and children: a review, Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology, Vol. 36, No. 1, e2021003 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Systematic review of Cd developmental toxicity in infants and children, covering renal, hepatic, cardiac, and neurological endpoints across critical developmental windows; foundational pediatric Cd reference |
| 706 | Chen et al. 2021. Regulating role of abscisic acid on cadmium enrichment in ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.), Scientific Reports | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in Three independent biological replicates per treatment; each replicate used material from ten ramie plants for ABA and q-PCR… (n=3) |
| 707 | Chung et al. 2021. Content and Dietary Exposure Assessment of Toxic Elements in Infant Formulas from the Chinese Market, Foods 9(12):1839 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and three other metals in 93 cow-milk-based infant formulas from Beijing market (Stages 1–4); mean Cd 0.98 µg/kg, range 0.13–3.58 µg/kg, all samples below Chinese regulatory limit |
| 708 | Czech et al. 2021. Bioactive Substances, Heavy Metals, and Antioxidant Activity in Whole Fruit, Peel, and Pulp of Citrus Fruits, International Journal of Food Science | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | PL/TR/IL Pb, Cd occurrence in Eight species/cultivars of citrus fruit (orange, pomelo, mandarin, lemon, key lime, red/yellow/green grapefruit) purchased at a Polish supermarket,… (n=72) |
| 709 | Davis et al. 2021. Low levels of salivary metals, oral microbiome composition and dental decay, Scientific Reports | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Salivary Cd measured in 61 US subjects as part of 21-metal oral-microbiome study; documents low-level Cd in human saliva and its association with oral bacterial taxa |
| 710 | de et al. 2021. Data on metals, nonmetal, and metalloid in the samples of the canned tuna and canned sardines sold in Brazil, Data in Brief | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | BR tAs, Al, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr occurrence in 4 brands of canned tuna (grated and solid, in water and oil; 16 product variants total × 3… (n=20) |
| 711 | Deng et al. 2021. Synthesis of Magnesium Modified Biochar for Removing Copper, Lead and Cadmium in Single and Binary Systems from Aqueous Solutions: Adsorption Mechanism, Water | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, Cu occurrence in One unmodified corncob biochar (BC) and four magnesium-modified corncob biochars (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% Mg/biomass mass ratios) tested… (n=5) |
| 712 | Enemuor et al. 2021. Heavy metals and microbial contamination of palm oil produced and sold at some markets in Kogi East Area, Kogi State, Nigeria, African Journal of Microbiology Research | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Cr, Pb, tAs, Cu, Fe occurrence in Thirty traditionally processed palm oil samples purchased from ten sellers each at Ankpa, Anyigba, and Idah markets in… (n=30) |
| 713 | EU 2021. Commission Regulation (EU) 2021/1323 of 10 August 2021 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels of cadmium in certain foodstuffs, Official Journal of the European Union (OJ L 288, 11.8.2021, p. 13–18) | 2021 | Regulation | EU Cd concentrations |
| 714 | Fonge et al. 2021. An assessment of heavy metal exposure risk associated with consumption of cabbage and carrot grown in a tropical Savannah region, Sustainable Environment | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | CM tAs, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn occurrence in Triplicate edible-portion samples from cabbage-head farms and carrot-root farms at four Santa sites in the North West Region,… (n=24) |
| 715 | Galal et al. 2021. Heavy metals uptake by the global economic crop (Pisum sativum L.) grown in contaminated soils and its associated health risks, PLoS ONE | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | EG Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ag, Co, V occurrence in Pisum sativum (garden pea) plants from 2 non-polluted farms and 2 polluted farms (5 quadrats per farm, 1… (n=20) |
| 716 | Gfeller et al. 2021. Mercury mobility, colloid formation and methylation in a polluted Fluvisol as affected by manure application and flooding-draining cycle, Biogeosciences | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | CH tHg, MeHg, Mn, Fe, Cu, tAs, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, V, U, Ba occurrence in Triplicate microcosms using two Hg-polluted agricultural Fluvisol soils from the Rhone Valley, Switzerland: cornfield high-Hg low-carbon soil and… (n=12) |
| 717 | Majid et al. 2021. The Measurement of Cadmium, Zinc and Silver in Chicken Meat in Isfahan Province, Iran, Iranian Journal of Toxicology | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | IR Cd, Zn, Ag occurrence in Chicken breast, thigh, heart, and liver samples from meat markets in Isfahan Province, Iran (n=100) |
| 718 | Gill et al. 2021. The Trouble With Spices: Heavy Metals in 15 Herbs and Spices, Consumer Reports | 2021 | NGO report | US Pb, Cd, tAs occurrence in 126 individual products covering 38 brands and 15 herb/spice types from the US retail market (n=126) |
| 719 | Gnonsoro et al. 2021. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) in Hydroalcoholic Gels of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, Biological Trace Element Research (2022) 200:2510-2518 (received 24 May 2021; accepted 6 July 2021; published online 7 September 2021) | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | CI Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in Thirty hydroalcoholic gel (alcohol-based hand sanitizer) samples produced in Côte d’Ivoire and chosen from the high-consumption brands identified… (n=30) |
| 720 | Sierra et al. 2021. Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Tropical Soils an Overview, Sustainability | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | CO/BR/CU Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, Al occurrence in Narrative review; no primary samples. Synthesizes 204 references on tropical-soil characteristics, heavy metal sources, plant phytoremediation mechanisms, and… |
| 721 | Gunes 2021. Chestnut Honey as a Complementary Medicine: Determination of Antibacterial Activity, Heavy Metal Residue and Health Risk Assessment, Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | TR tAs, Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in Chestnut honey samples from Yalova Beekeepers Association member beekeepers, Turkey (n=27) |
| 722 | Hamid et al. 2021. Bacterial Plant Biostimulants: A Sustainable Way towards Improving Growth, Productivity, and Health of Crops, Sustainability 13(5):2856 | 2021 | Review | tHg, tAs, Cd, Pb, Al occurrence in Narrative review of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as bacterial plant biostimulants for sustainable agriculture. Synthesizes literature published 2015–2020… |
| 723 | GMMA et al. 2021. Detection of Trace Elements in Selective Dairy Products to assess Human Health Risk of Bangladeshi People, Oriental Journal of Chemistry | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn occurrence in 128 cheese, 128 ghee, and 128 butter samples purchased from local shops across 64 administrative districts of Bangladesh;… (n=384) |
| 724 | Hussain et al. 2021. Foliar application of seed water extract of Nigella sativa improved maize growth in cadmium-contaminated soil, PLOS ONE | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | PK Cd occurrence in Controlled pot experiment in Pakistan using two maize genotypes, four Cd soil-spiking levels, and three Nigella sativa seed-water-extract… |
| 725 | Kasozi et al. 2021. Descriptive Analysis of Heavy Metals Content of Beef From Eastern Uganda and Their Safety for Public Consumption, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | UG Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr occurrence in Beef samples from butchery points of sale in Soroti district, Eastern Uganda (collected December 2019 - March 2020) (n=40) |
| 726 | Khandaker et al. 2021. Elevated Concentrations of Metal(loids) in Seaweed and the Concomitant Exposure to Humans, Foods | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | MY K, Ca, Mg, Pb, Cd, Se, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, iAs, Na, Ni, Cr-VI, Ag, Si occurrence in Fresh Eucheuma cottoni seaweed from three Malaysian seaweed-farming locations: Langkawi (LKW, n = 3), Semporna (SPN, n =… (n=8) |
| 727 | Rounizi et al. 2021. The chemical composition and heavy metal content of sesame oil produced by different methods: A risk assessment study, Food Science & Nutrition | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | IR tAs, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu occurrence in Sesame seed plus three sesame-oil preparations: traditional Ardeh oil, cold-pressed virgin sesame oil, and refined sesame oil; samples… (n=4) |
| 728 | Kinuthia et al. 2021. Urban mosquitoes and filamentous green algae: their biomonitoring role in heavy metal pollution in open drainage channels in Nairobi industrial area, Kenya, BMC Ecology and Evolution | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Cd biomonitoring in Nairobi industrial wastewater using Spirogyra algae and mosquitoes; wastewater Cd 0.05–0.12 µg/L exceeding WHO limits, contextualising environmental Cd loading pathways |
| 729 | Kithure et al. 2021. How Safe is the Water Consumed in Different Parts of Nairobi, Kenya?, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | KE Pb, Cd, Sb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn occurrence in Seven commercial PET-bottled drinking water brands purchased from supermarkets in Nairobi County, Kenya; sampling carried out 2019–2020; brands… (n=7) |
| 730 | Kowalska 2021. The Safety Assessment of Toxic Metals in Commonly Used Herbs, Spices, Tea, and Coffee in Poland, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Cd, Pb, tAs, tHg occurrence in 240 plant material samples from eastern Poland: herbs (n=163), spices (n=61), China tea/green tea (n=8), Arabica roasted coffee… (n=240) |
| 731 | Li et al. 2021. Occurrence, accumulation, and risk assessment of trace metals in tea (Camellia sinensis): A national reconnaissance, Science of the Total Environment | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | National reconnaissance of 225 tea-garden soil and plant samples across 15 Chinese provinces; Cd had highest geo-accumulation index among all metals, with 2.22% of soils moderately to heavily Cd-contaminated |
| 732 | Li et al. 2021. A New Approach Refined Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Shaoguan Smelter Based on Microenvironment — Guangdong Province, China, 2021, China CDC Weekly | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, tHg, Cr, tAs, Mn, Ni, Sn occurrence in Soil and plant samples in microenvironments around Shaoguan smelter, Guangdong Province, China (n=60) |
| 733 | Lysenko et al. 2021. Organic Meat Production of Broiler Chickens Hubbard Redbro Cross, International Journal of Veterinary Science 10(1):62-68 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | RU tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in Broiler chickens fed factory compound feed or farm-produced eco-feed with Bacell feed additive. (n=Hubbard Redbro broiler groups with floor/cage housing and factory-feed vs eco-feed comparisons.) |
| 734 | Mahjoub et al. 2021. Mercury, Lead, and Cadmium in the Muscles of Five Fish Species from the Mechraa-Hammadi Dam in Morocco and Health Risks for Their Consumers, Journal of Toxicology | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | MA tHg, Pb, Cd occurrence in Five freshwater fish species from Mechraa-Hammadi Dam reservoir, Morocco |
| 735 | Maikanov et al. 2021. Assessment of quality and safety of meats from various animal species in the Shuchinsk-Burabay resort zone, Kazakhstan, Veterinary World 14(6):1615-1621 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | KZ tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in Meat from markets in the Shuchinsk-Burabay resort zone: beef 166, horse 42, pork 67, mutton 8, poultry 15. (n=298) |
| 736 | Makarova et al. 2021. The Improved Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals and the Growth of Trifolium repens L.: The Role of K2HEDP and Plant Growth Regulators Alone and in Combination, Sustainability | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | RU Cd, Ni, Cu occurrence in Triplicate vegetation-pot experiments using Trifolium repens L. seedlings in universal soil spiked with Ni, Cu, and Cd salts… (n=18) |
| 737 | Malyshevska 2021. Toxicity Assessment of Waste from Mechanical Processing of Polymers by Biotesting, Innovative Biosystems and Bioengineering | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | UA Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni occurrence in Controlled biotesting experiment in Ukraine using polymer-waste washing sludge, control substrate, conditionally clean soil, and 10, 100, 500,… |
| 738 | Mania et al. 2021. The content of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and tin in fruit and their products based on monitoring studies – exposure assessment, Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene) | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Sn occurrence in Approximately 600 samples of fresh, frozen, dried fruits, fruit preserves and canned fruits collected throughout Poland in 2015… (n=600) |
| 739 | Manouchehri et al. 2021. The Possible Effects of Heavy Metals in Honey as Toxic and Carcinogenic Substances on Human Health: A Systematic Review, Arı Dergisi / Uludag Bee Journal | 2021 | Review | IR/TR/NG Pb, Cd, tHg, Cr, Ni, Al occurrence in Systematic review of published literature on heavy metals in honey, drawing from studies in Iran, Turkey, Nigeria, Argentina,… |
| 740 | Martín-León et al. 2021. Human Exposure to Toxic Metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) and Nitrates (NO3−) from Seaweed Consumption, Applied Sciences | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | ES/EU/JP Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Seventy-two samples of edible algae (green, brown, and red) marketed in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) and acquired from… (n=72) |
| 741 | Maspalma et al. 2021. Studies on some heavy metal contents of Ximenia americana and Sclerocarya birrea wild fruit from North-Eastern Nigeria, Journal of the Chemical Society of Nigeria | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn, Co, Zn occurrence in Mature ripe Ximenia americana and Sclerocarya birrea wild fruits collected from Pella and Pella Gwaja, Adamawa State, Nigeria (n=2) |
| 742 | Mehouel et al. 2021. Review of the toxic trace elements arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in seafood species from Algeria and contiguous waters in the Southwestern Mediterranean Sea, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2021 | Peer reviewed review | DZ/TN/MA tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, MeHg occurrence in Narrative review of published As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and MeHg occurrence studies in fish, mollusks, and crustaceans from… |
| 743 | Mesinger et al. 2021. Risk Assessment of Wild Game Meat Intake in the Context of the Prospective Development of the Venison Market in Poland, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg occurrence in 12 red deer doe meat samples from Poland (n=12) |
| 744 | Mielech et al. 2021. Assessment of the Risk of Contamination of Food for Infants and Toddlers, Nutrients | 2021 | Review | PL/NO/US Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg occurrence in Narrative literature review of 83 publications (2004–2021, mainly October 2020–March 2021 search window) on contaminants in foods for… |
| 745 | Mirmahdi et al. 2021. Biodecontamination of milk and dairy products by probiotics: Boon for bane, Italian Journal of Food Science | 2021 | Review | EG/RS/IQ Pb, Cd, tAs, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, tHg occurrence in Narrative review of published literature on heavy metal and mycotoxin contamination in milk and dairy products and on… |
| 746 | Mohammed et al. 2021. Evaluation of mycotoxins and heavy metals pollution in some types of noodles in local markets, Journal of Physics: Conference Series | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Cu, Cd, Pb occurrence in Ten types of noodles collected from markets in Salah Al-din Governorate, Iraq, with three replicates; the heavy-metal method… (n=10) |
| 747 | Motta-Romero et al. 2021. Effects of foliar fungicide on yield, micronutrients, and cadmium in grains from historical and modern hard winter wheat genotypes, PLoS ONE | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | US Cd occurrence in 20 hard winter wheat genotypes (18 elite cultivars plus 2 landraces released 1870-2013) grown at University of Nebraska… (n=20) |
| 748 | Nkwocha et al. 2021. Chemical composition of raw cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nuts sourced from Enugu State, South Eastern Nigeria, Journal of Food Safety and Food Quality | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in fresh cashew nut samples from Obukpa-Lejja, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria (n=not reported) |
| 749 | Novakov et al. 2021. Heavy metals and PAHs in mussels on the Serbian market and consumer exposure, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Serbia Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs occurrence in Eighty-four mussel-meat samples collected from supermarkets and fish markets in Serbia from January 2019 to March 2020: 42… (n=84) |
| 750 | Ferreira et al. 2021. Cd and Pb in cocoa beans: Occurrence and effects of chocolate processing, Food Control 119, 107455 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | BR/EC/CI Cd, Pb occurrence in 90 fermented and dried cocoa-bean batches from Brazil (Bahia n=33, Pará n=29, Espírito Santo n=4, Rondônia n=8), Côte… (n=90) |
| 751 | Orywal et al. 2021. Health risk assessment of exposure to toxic elements resulting from consumption of dried wild-grown mushrooms available for sale, PLoS ONE | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU tHg, Pb, Cd, tAs occurrence in 80 samples of dried wild-grown mushrooms (40 Boletus edulis, 40 Xerocomus badius) purchased from 5 European supermarket chains… (n=80) |
| 752 | Gül et al. 2021. Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Oil Sunflower Seeds Grown in the North of Turkey, European Journal of Science and Technology | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | TR Al, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn occurrence in 18 sunflower seed samples from six Middle Black Sea Region sunflower-growing areas (n=18) |
| 753 | Pasumpon et al. 2021. Seasonal variation of heavy metals in seagrasses along Thondi coast, Palk Bay, India, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn occurrence in Four live seagrass species (Syringodium isoetifolium, Halodule pinifolia, Cymodocea serrulata, Halophila ovalis) and dead/decayed offshore seagrass deposition sampled… |
| 754 | Pawlaczyk et al. 2021. Determination of Metallic Impurities by ICP-MS Technique in Eyeshadows Purchased in Poland. Part I, Molecules | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Ag, Ba, Bi, Cd, Pb, Sr, Tl occurrence in Eye shadow samples purchased on the Polish market, including products intended for adults and children (n=94) |
| 755 | Peters et al. 2021. The association of cadmium and lead exposures with red cell distribution width, PLoS ONE | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | US Cd, Pb occurrence in US general population adults; NHANES 2003-2016 cross-sectional pooled analysis (n=24607) |
| 756 | Pompa et al. 2021. Evaluation and Dietary Exposure Assessment of Selected Toxic Trace Elements in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum) Imported into the Italian Market: Six Years of Official Controls, Foods | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Six-year Italian official controls on 346 imported durum wheat samples; mean Cd 0.032 mg/kg, all compliant with EU limits, with significant year-to-year and country-of-origin variation in Cd |
| 757 | Raeeszadeh et al. 2021. Determination of some heavy metals concentration in species animal meat (sheep, beef, turkey, and ostrich) and carcinogenic health risk assessment in Kurdistan province, western Iran, Research Square | 2021 | Preprint | IR Se, Pb, Cd, tAs, Zn, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr occurrence in Meat samples from Sanandaj distribution centers in Kurdistan province, western Iran: 45 beef, 45 sheep, 40 turkey, and… (n=170) |
| 758 | Rahman et al. 2021. Analysis of heavy metal contents in some commercial turmeric samples available at Dhaka, Bangladesh, Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn occurrence in Nine turmeric samples from Dhaka/Savar, Bangladesh: three unpacked bulk powders, three packed commercial powders, and three raw turmeric… (n=9) |
| 759 | Raju et al. 2021. Heavy Metal Determination of Bivalves in Cagayan Valley, Philippines, Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 9(10):256-258 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | PH Pb, Cd occurrence in Two bivalve species from Cagayan Valley, Philippines: freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) and marine mussel (Mytilus edulis); collected with… (n=2) |
| 760 | Reksten et al. 2021. Heavy Metal Contamination in 24 Fish Species from the Bay of Bengal: Risk Assessment for Human Health, Foods | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 1,111 fish across 24 Bay of Bengal species; 58% of small fish (≤25 cm consumed whole) exceeded EU ML of 0.050 mg/kg, establishing small whole-fish as a Cd exposure pathway |
| 761 | Román-Ochoa et al. 2021. Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in grains and grain-based processed food in Arequipa region of Peru, Chemosphere | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in Peruvian grains and processed grain foods (rice, quinoa, maize, bean, extruded snacks); cancer risk calculations for grain staples consumed in Arequipa’s mining-adjacent communities |
| 762 | Rusin et al. 2021. Concentration of cadmium and lead in vegetables and fruits, Scientific Reports | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 370 fresh, frozen, dried, and processed Polish fruit and vegetable products; drying concentrates Cd, leafy vegetables higher than roots, all fresh below EU MRLs |
| 763 | Sadeghi et al. 2021. Simultaneous determination of heavy metals in Tahini by anodic stripping voltammetry, Journal of Human, Health and Halal Metrics | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd occurrence in Thirty-seven commercial brands of tahini purchased in duplicate (n=74 samples total) from local retail markets in Tehran, Iran… (n=37) |
| 764 | Sadiq et al. 2021. Multi-elemental risk assessment of various baby rice cereals: some cause for concern?, Canadian Journal of Chemistry 99(8):742-750 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Cd total concentration and bioaccessibility (63–100%) in three Canadian baby rice cereal brands, with HPLC-ICPMS speciation; Cd in the range 40–70 µg/kg with high gut-uptake fraction |
| 765 | Sadiq et al. 2021. Multi-elemental risk assessment of various baby rice cereals: some cause for concern?, Canadian Journal of Chemistry | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | CA tAs, iAs, Cr, Pb, Cd, Se occurrence in Three commercial baby rice cereal brands purchased in Kingston, Ontario, Canada; ages 6 months and up; n=6 replicates… (n=3) |
| 766 | Samitha et al. 2021. Monitoring Heavy Metal Contamination in the Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Cultivated tracts of Kerala, India, International Journal of Current Science Research and Review | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Ni, Cd, Fe occurrence in Pineapple cultivated tracts in Ernakulam district, Kerala, India |
| 767 | Selvam et al. 2021. Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in coastal aquifer groundwater of Alappuzha district (Kerala, India) using OSPRC framework, Scientific Reports | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | IN As, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb, Al occurrence in Coastal aquifer groundwater samples from Alappuzha district, Kerala, India (pre- and post-monsoon 2021/2022) (n=50) |
| 768 | Stanton et al. 2021. The Metallome as a Link Between the Omes in Autism Spectrum Disorders, Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience 14:695873 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Review of toxic metal accumulations including Cd in ASD metallomics, covering maternal-fetal exposure pathways and gut-microbiome connection; contextualises Cd within neurodevelopmental outcome literature |
| 769 | Stone 2021. Metals in Children’s and Consumer Products and Packaging, Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Publication 14-04-014 (Revised June 2021) | 2021 | Regulatory | US Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, tHg, Mo, Zn occurrence in 150 component samples submitted for laboratory metals analysis, sub-sampled from 101 children’s products purchased from local Washington stores… (n=150) |
| 770 | Tian et al. 2021. A rapid magnetic-based purification of Cd2+ and Pb2+ prior to portable electrochemical determination for grain, Food Chemistry: X | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Method paper: magnetic bead purification plus portable electrochemical detection for Cd and Pb in grain (rice, wheat, corn); validated against ICP-MS on 12 Chinese market samples |
| 771 | Uddin et al. 2021. Heavy Metal Accumulation in Rice and Aquatic Plants Used as Human Food: A General Review, Toxics | 2021 | Review | BD/LK/TH Cd, tAs, Pb, Cr, tHg, Ni occurrence in Review synthesizing global literature on rice and aquatic edible plants |
| 772 | Ufelle et al. 2021. Toxic Effects of Metals (Chapter 23), in Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, Fourth Edition, Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, Fourth Edition. McGraw Hill Education | 2021 | Textbook chapter | Casarett & Doull’s Essentials chapter on toxic metals: Cd mechanisms (glutathione depletion, no effective chelation treatment), cardiovascular endpoint debate, and pregnancy-related Cd accumulation |
| 773 | U.S. House of Representatives, 2021. Baby Foods Are Tainted with Dangerous Levels of Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury, Staff Report | 2021 | Gray literature | US iAs, tAs, Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in Internal company testing records (ingredient pre-shipment tests and finished-product tests) subpoenaed from seven major US baby-food manufacturers covering… |
| 774 | Uzomah et al. 2021. Chemical Contaminants in Nigerian Fresh and Marine Fish: A Review, Foods | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Narrative review of chemical contaminants (including Cd) in Nigerian freshwater and marine fish across 104+ species; contextualises Nigerian-origin fish as a potential Cd exposure pathway |
| 775 | Valencia et al. 2021. Heavy metal accumulation and risk assessment of lead and cadmium in cultured oysters (Crassostrea iredalei) of Cañacao Bay, Philippines, Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability 5(2), 64-78 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | PH Pb, Cd occurrence in Two hundred fourteen cultured slipper-cupped oysters (Crassostrea iredalei) of marketable shell length (45-55 mm) collected from three sampling… (n=214) |
| 776 | Viviers et al. 2021. An assessment of heavy metal contaminants related to cannabis-based products in the South African market, Forensic Science International: Reports | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | ZA Cd, Pb, tAs, tHg, Co, V, Ni, Tl, Au, Pd, Ir, Os, Rh, Ru, Se, Ag, Pt occurrence in Three hundred ten cannabis-based products submitted to a South African contract laboratory, grouped as edible, extract, infusion, liquid,… (n=310) |
| 777 | Wei et al. 2021. Study on the performance of carbonate-mineralized bacteria combined with eggshell for immobilizing Pb and Cd in water and soil, Research Square | 2021 | Preprint | CN Pb, Cd occurrence in Four ureolytic bacterial isolates screened for Pb/Cd tolerance and removal; UR21 tested in Pb/Cd-spiked soil with urea and… |
| 778 | Wijeyaratne et al. 2021. Cadmium, Chromium, and Lead Uptake Associated Health Risk Assessment of Alternanthera sessilis: A Commonly Consumed Green Leafy Vegetable, Journal of Toxicology | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | LK Cd, Cr, Pb occurrence in Alternanthera sessilis (mukunuwenna) plants and root-zone soils from 4 cultivation sites (2 organic, 2 non-organic) in Padaviya area,… (n=80) |
| 779 | Wu et al. 2021. Determination of Trace Cd and Pb in Edible Salt and Soy Sauce by ETAAS Using Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles (FCNs) as Matrix Modifier, Atomic Spectroscopy | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd occurrence in Edible salt and soy sauce samples used for ETAAS method validation (n=2) |
| 780 | Qinghua et al. 2021. Dietary risk assessment of fluoride, lead, chromium, and cadmium through consumption of Tieguanyin tea and white tea, Food Science and Technology (Campinas) | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in 72 Tieguanyin tea samples (40 from Anxi, 32 from Hua’an) and 40 white tea samples from Fuding, all… (n=112) |
| 781 | Yildirim et al. 2021. Humic + Fulvic acid mitigated Cd adverse effects on plant growth, physiology and biochemical properties of garden cress, Scientific Reports 11: 8040 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | TR Cd occurrence in Garden cress (Lepidium sativum cv Helen) grown in pots in an Atatürk University greenhouse (Erzurum, Turkey) for 50… (n=36) |
| 782 | Zafeiraki et al. 2021. Macro and Trace Elements in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivated in Greece: Risk Assessment of Toxic Elements, Frontiers in Chemistry | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | GR/EU Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr, Ni, Al, Sn occurrence in 90 Cannabis sativa L. leaf/flower samples from 9 varieties cultivated across 13 regions in Greece, collected 2018-2019; 21… (n=90) |
| 783 | Zhang et al. 2021. In Utero Exposure to Heavy Metals and Trace Elements and Childhood Blood Pressure in a U.S. Urban, Low-Income, Minority Birth Cohort, Environmental Health Perspectives | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Hg, Cd, Se, Mn occurrence in Mother-child pairs, Boston Birth Cohort (predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic minority), children assessed at ages 3-14 (n=1194) |
| 784 | Zhao et al. 2021. Cadmium Removal from Rice Flour Using Coimmobilized Microorganisms, Food Science & Nutrition | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Laboratory bioremediation study removing Cd from contaminated rice flour using coimmobilized Lactobacillus plantarum; provides baseline Cd values in Chinese market rice flour |
| 785 | Zhu et al. 2021. Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610 against Acute Toxicity Caused by Different Food-Derived Forms of Cadmium in Mice, International Journal of Molecular Sciences | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in Forty male ICR mice in 10 groups testing acute gavage exposure to CdCl2, Cd-citrate, Cd-glutathione, and Cd-metallothionein with… (n=40) |
| 786 | Su et al. 2020. Content and Dietary Exposure Assessment of Toxic Elements in Infant Formulas from the Chinese Market, Foods | 2020 | Peer reviewed journal | Cited reference from Foods |
| 787 | Abt et al. 2020. Perspective on Cadmium and Lead in Cocoa and Chocolate, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | FDA CFSAN perspective synthesising Cd and Pb occurrence in cocoa and chocolate, geographic drivers (Latin America vs Africa), Codex ML deliberations, and children’s dietary Cd from cocoa products |
| 788 | Adebayo et al. 2020. Levels of heavy metals and their health risk assessment from wastewater irrigated spinach in railway quarters, Bauchi, Bauchi state, Nigeria, International Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb occurrence in Wastewater and African spinach (Amarantus caudatus) samples from Railway Quarters irrigation farm, Bauchi, Nigeria (n=3) |
| 789 | Afonne et al. 2020. Heavy metals risks in plant foods – need to step up precautionary measures, Current Opinion in Toxicology | 2020 | Review | NG/CN/TZ Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr, Ni occurrence in Narrative review in Current Opinion in Toxicology covering plant food heavy metal contamination globally, with emphasis on Asia,… |
| 790 | Afrin 2020. Determination and Risk Analysis of Heavy Metals in Different Fruits Collected from Different Shops of Dhaka City, M.S. Thesis, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co occurrence in Grape, apple, orange, banana, and pomegranate purchased from 5 retail shops/markets in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, 2018–2019; 25 treatment-shop… (n=75) |
| 791 | Ali et al. 2020. Determination of heavy metals and selenium content in chicken liver at Erbil city, Iraq, Italian Journal of Food Safety 9:8659 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Cd, Pb, tHg, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Se, Co occurrence in Chicken liver samples collected from markets in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. (n=20) |
| 792 | Alrajhi et al. 2020. Concentration of Trace Metals in Some Major Edible Oils of Riyadh, Revista Internacional de Contaminacion Ambiental | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | SA Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Al, Pb, tAs occurrence in Fifty-four edible vegetable oil samples, described as soybean, palm, and olive oils, collected from supermarkets around Riyadh, Saudi… (n=54) |
| 793 | Arshad et al. 2020. Evaluation of heavy metals in cosmetic products and their health risk assessment, Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 28(2020):779-790 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | PK Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb occurrence in 189 cosmetic samples (63 unique brands × 3 triplicates) from local community markets in Abbottabad, Haripur, and Mansehra,… (n=189) |
| 794 | Assefa et al. 2020. Intestinal Microbiome and Metal Toxicity, Current Opinion in Toxicology, Vol. 19, pp. 21-27 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | Review of Cd and other metal effects on intestinal microbiome: Lactobacillus/Bifidobacterium decline, Proteobacteria expansion, bidirectional modulation of metal absorption; anchor for Cd microbiome section |
| 795 | Bandara et al. 2020. A human health risk assessment of heavy metal ingestion among consumers of protein powder supplements, Toxicology Reports | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Risk assessment built on heavy-metal concentrations reported in two US third-party testing datasets: 15 protein powder products from… (n=148) |
| 796 | Barchiesi et al. 2020. Heavy Metals Contamination in Shellfish: Benefit-Risk Evaluation in Central Italy, Foods | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | IT Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Cd, Pb, and Hg analytical results for shellfish collected along the Italian coastline from January 2017 through December… (n=2207) |
| 797 | Buba et al. 2020. Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Kidney, Liver and Muscle of Domestic Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) in Guyuk Metropolis, Adamawa State, Nigeria, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Fe, Cd, Ni, Cu occurrence in Domestic pig kidney, liver, and muscle samples bought from ten (10) commercial sellers in Guyuk Metropolis, Adamawa State,… (n=10) |
| 798 | Ibrahim 2020. Determination of trace element levels in flowers and leaves of vicia faba by ICP-MS, Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | TR Cr, Fe, Zn, Al, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn, Ni occurrence in Dried Vicia faba flowers and leaves analyzed as medicinal plant material in Turkey |
| 799 | Carlin 2020. Analytical Chemistry of Consumer Products: Research and Regulation of Tampons and Eyeshadows, Bachelor of Arts thesis, New College of Florida, JBC Commons Theses & ETDs 5847 | 2020 | Thesis | US/KR/JP Pb, Cd, tHg, Cr, tAs, Co, Ni occurrence in Secondary BA-thesis review of literature and regulation for tampons and eyeshadows; no original product sampling or laboratory measurements… |
| 800 | CFIA 2020. Toxic Metals in Selected Foods – April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019: Food chemistry – Targeted surveys – Final report, Canadian Food Inspection Agency | 2020 | Government report | CA tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Retail food samples (bran products, infant formula, meal replacement beverages, protein powders, rice products) collected from 6 Canadian… (n=985) |
| 801 | Chen et al. 2020. Analysis of 17 elements in cow, goat, buffalo, yak, and camel milk by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), RSC Advances | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Al, Sn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Se occurrence in Raw untreated milk from small farm cooperatives and large-scale farms across five Chinese provinces: 100 goat (Shandong +… (n=350) |
| 802 | Chwastowski et al. 2020. Adsorption of Cadmium, Manganese and Lead Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Spent Coffee Grounds and Biochar Produced by Its Pyrolysis in the Fluidized Bed Reactor, Materials | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | PL Cd, Mn, Pb occurrence in Spent Arabica coffee grounds and activated spent-coffee-ground biochar tested against prepared Cd(II), Mn(II), and Pb(II) aqueous solutions. (n=2) |
| 803 | Association et al. 2020. The True Content and Faces Behind America’s Best-Selling Collagen: 2020 Collagen Heavy Metals Study, Clean Label Project & Organic Consumers Association white paper | 2020 | Industry | US/US-CA tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in 30 collagen supplement products (powders, peptides, bone broth protein) sourced from Amazon.com best-seller listings and the Clean Label… (n=30) |
| 804 | Decharat et al. 2020. Risk assessment of lead and cadmium in drinking water for school use in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand, Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | TH Pb, Cd occurrence in drinking water used by 44 primary schools in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand (n=146) |
| 805 | Zahra et al. 2020. Magnetic Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Polythiophene as a Sorbent for Simultaneous Solid Phase Microextraction of Lead and Cadmium from Water and Food Samples, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Research | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd occurrence in Black tea, rice, infant dry formula milk, and cow milk samples purchased in Yazd, Iran (n=5) |
| 806 | Di et al. 2020. Heavy Metals and PAHs in Meat, Milk, and Seafood From Augusta Area (Southern Italy): Contamination Levels, Dietary Intake, and Human Exposure Assessment, Frontiers in Public Health 8:273 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | IT/EU tAs, Cd, Cr, tHg, Ni, Pb, Zn occurrence in Meat, milk, and seafood from the Augusta-Melilli-Priolo industrial area in Southern Italy; seafood pooled across fish, mollusc, and… (n=Seafood from the Augusta Bay/Sicily study area plus terrestrial animal products from 26 farms: 5 bovine milk, 11 sheep/goat milk, 11 beef, and 3 pork samples.) |
| 807 | Djedjibegovic et al. 2020. Heavy metals in commercial fish and seafood products and risk assessment in adult population in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Scientific Reports | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | BA/ES/PT Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in Commercial fish and seafood products purchased from retail in Bosnia and Herzegovina in June 2019, with country-of-origin labels… (n=37) |
| 808 | Duinker et al. 2020. Knowledge update on macroalgae food and feed safety, Rapport fra Havforskningen | 2020 | Government report | NO/EU iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Se, Fe, Zn occurrence in Norwegian and imported macroalgae analysed by the Institute of Marine Research in 2014-2019 for the Norwegian Food Safety… (n=353) |
| 809 | El-Hassanin et al. 2020. Risk assessment of human exposure to lead and cadmium in maize grains cultivated in soils irrigated either with low-quality water or freshwater, Toxicology Reports 7:10-15 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | EG Pb, Cd occurrence in Soil (0–30 cm), irrigation water, and maize grain composites collected in August 2017 from nine cultivated sites across… (n=27) |
| 810 | Elhadad et al. 2020. Metabolites, Nutrients, and Lifestyle Factors in Relation to Coffee Consumption: An Environment-Wide Association Study, Nutrients | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd occurrence in Adults at least 18 years old in NHANES III after exclusion of participants with zero survey weights; phase… (n=17752) |
| 811 | Elsheikh et al. 2020. Evaluation of Some Toxic and Essential Trace Elements in Children Foods and Infant Formulae by Using ICP-OES, Asian Journal of Chemistry 32(6):1273-1278 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | Cd (mostly ND), Pb, and Al in 57 Saudi infant formula and children’s food samples; documents near-ND Cd in Saudi market products with notable Al outlier in infant formula |
| 812 | Green Seal 2020. GS-51: Green Seal Standard for Laundry Care Products for Industrial and Institutional Use, Edition 1.6, Green Seal, Inc. voluntary environmental certification standard; Edition 1.6 issued April 8, 2020, replacing Edition 1.5 from September 12, 2019, with corrections/clarifications last made July 30, 2021. | 2020 | Regulatory standard | US Pb, tHg, Cd, Cr-VI, tAs, Co, Mn, Ni occurrence in Not applicable: this is the binding text of Green Seal GS-51 Edition 1.6 for industrial and institutional laundry… |
| 813 | Grochowska-Niedworok et al. 2020. Assessment of cadmium and lead content in tomatoes and tomato products, Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene) | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Pb, Cd occurrence in Fresh and processed tomato products purchased in Polish retail and local markets; variety includes conventional, organic, multiple varieties,… (n=25) |
| 814 | Gutierrez-Ravelo et al. 2020. Toxic Metals (Al, Cd, Pb) and Trace Element (B, Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, V, Zn) Levels in Sarpa Salpa from the North-Eastern Atlantic Ocean Region, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | ES Al, Cd, Pb, B, Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, V, Zn occurrence in Thirty Sarpa salpa specimens from three Tenerife coastal zones, with ten fish from each metropolitan, south, and north… (n=30) |
| 815 | Health Canada, Water and 2020. Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document — Cadmium, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (Catalogue No. H144-13/17-2020E-PDF; ISBN 978-0-660-34296-2) | 2020 | Regulation | CA Cd occurrence in Canadian provincial and territorial monitoring datasets, 2000–2019, supplemented by national Environment and Climate Change Canada raw-water dataset (n=18,998) |
| 816 | Heshmati et al. 2020. Concentration and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements, Lead and Cadmium, in Vegetables and Cereals Consumed in Western Iran, Journal of Food Protection 83(1):101-107 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | IR/EU Pb, Cd occurrence in Four hundred composite food samples — 50 each of eight commodities (potato Solanum tuberosum, onion Allium cepa, tomato… (n=400) |
| 817 | Igweze et al. 2020. A pediatric health risk assessment of children’s toys imported from China into Nigeria, Heliyon 6 (2020) e03732 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | NG/CN/EU Pb, Cd, As occurrence in Thirty low-cost ‘made in China’ children’s toys purchased January–February 2018 via market-basket sampling from supermarkets and street vendors… (n=30) |
| 818 | International Organization for Standardization, 2020. ISO 8124-3:2020 — Safety of toys — Part 3: Migration of certain elements (Third edition, 2020-03), International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland; ISO 8124-3:2020(E), Third edition 2020-03 | 2020 | Regulatory | international Sb, tAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, tHg, Se occurrence in International voluntary consensus standard, not a sampling study. Specifies maximum acceptable migration levels and the associated analytical procedure… |
| 819 | Jaafar 2020. Bioremediation of lead and cadmium and the strive role of Pediococcus pentosaceus probiotic, Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Pb, Cd occurrence in Nine water samples collected from three Cyprinus carpio fish ponds at the Marine Science Center, University of Basra,… (n=9) |
| 820 | Jairoun et al. 2020. Heavy Metal contamination of Dietary Supplements products available in the UAE markets and the associated risk, Scientific Reports | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | AE Cd, Pb, tAs occurrence in 277 dietary supplement products collected by random selection from the UAE market (pharmacies, para-pharmacies, nutrition shops). Categories: 43.7%… (n=277) |
| 821 | Jalal et al. 2020. Estimation of Some Metals in Children’s Colorful Modeling Clay Sold in the Markets of Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 32(5):134-145 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | IQ/EU Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni occurrence in 54 colorful modeling-clay samples from nine brands purchased in Erbil city markets, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, during January 2018 (n=54) |
| 822 | Jiang et al. 2020. Compound health risk assessment of cumulative heavy metal exposure: A case study of a village near a battery factory in Henan Province, China, Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | CN tHg, tAs, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn occurrence in Locally produced wheat, corn, and vegetables collected in SZD village near a battery factory in Xinxiang, Henan Province,… |
| 823 | Kabaran et al. 2020. Is there any potential health risk of heavy metals through dietary intake of olive oil that produced in Morphou, Cyprus, Progress in Nutrition | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | CY Pb, Cd, tAs, Ni, Cr occurrence in 27 natural olive oil samples from Morphou and Lefka districts, Northern Cyprus (single harvest); 500 adults aged 30–49… (n=27) |
| 824 | Karavoltsos et al. 2020. Copper Complexing Capacity and Trace Metal Content in Common and Balsamic Vinegars: Impact of Organic Matter, Molecules | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | GR As, Pb, Cd, Al, Cr, Ni, Cu occurrence in 43 vinegars retailed in Greece: 20 balsamic (12 red, 5 red-with-honey, 3 white), 23 common (10 red wine,… (n=43) |
| 825 | Katyal et al. 2020. Analysis of lead, arsenic, and cadmium concentrations in instant noodles within the Canadian market, BCIT Environmental Public Health Journal | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | CA Pb, Cd, tAs occurrence in Thirty packets of instant noodles from six brands available in large grocery stores in the Canadian market; dry… (n=30) |
| 826 | Klopper et al. 2020. Chemical composition and source apportionment of atmospheric aerosols on the Namibian coast, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | NA Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Pb, Cd, Ba occurrence in PM10 filter samples collected during 26 non-consecutive sampling weeks in 2016 and 2017 at the Henties Bay Aerosol… (n=385) |
| 827 | Kukusamude et al. 2020. Heavy metals and probabilistic risk assessment via rice consumption in Thailand, Food Chemistry | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | TH Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, iAs, Cd occurrence in Fifty-five Thai local rice samples from four varieties: Khaowong Kalasin sticky rice (n=15, white glutinous rice, Kalasin), Pka… (n=55) |
| 828 | Li et al. 2020. Investigation on the Adsorption-Interaction Mechanism of Pb(II) at Surface of Silk Fibroin Protein-Derived Hybrid Nanoflower Adsorbent, Materials | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, Ni occurrence in Silk-fibroin/copper-phosphate hybrid nanoflower adsorbent tested in aqueous Pb(II) adsorption experiments with Cd(II) and Ni(II) selectivity controls. (n=1) |
| 829 | Liu et al. 2020. Relief of Cadmium-Induced Intestinal Motility Disorder in Mice by Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610, Frontiers in Immunology | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in Thirty C57BL/6 mice assigned to control, cadmium, or cadmium plus Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610 groups for a 10-week oral… (n=30) |
| 830 | Liu et al. 2020. Genome-wide association studies of ionomic and agronomic traits in USDA mini core collection of rice and comparative analyses of different mapping methods, BMC Plant Biology | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | GWAS of grain Cd accumulation across 191 rice accessions in USDA mini-core collection; identifies QTLs including OsNramp5 and OsHMA regions controlling Cd uptake under flooded and aerobic conditions |
| 831 | Lukin et al. 2020. Mineral composition of chicken meat semi-finished products from different producers, Innovations and Food Safety | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | RU tAs, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Sn, Al, Sb occurrence in Chilled broiler drumsticks from two producers sold in Chelyabinsk, Russia |
| 832 | Maikanov et al. 2020. Quality and safety of fish products in the Shuchinsk-Burabay Resort Zone, Medycyna Weterynaryjna 76(10):585-588 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | KZ tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in Fish muscle samples from lakes in the Shuchinsk-Burabay resort zone, Kazakhstan. (n=44) |
| 833 | Majid et al. 2020. Effect of dietary supplementing cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) on meat traits of the broiler chicks, Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 33(1): 159-171 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe occurrence in Ninety-six Ross 308 broiler chicks assigned to four diet groups with three replicates of eight chicks each; breast… (n=96) |
| 834 | Marinescu et al. 2020. Assessment of heavy metals content in some medicinal plants and spices commonly used in Romania, Farmacia | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | RO tAs, Cd, Cu, Fe, tHg, Pb occurrence in Forty-two Romanian medicinal-plant and spice samples: six medicinal plant species and six culinary spice/herb species, including packaged and… (n=42) |
| 835 | Mohammed et al. 2020. Heavy metals in children’s toys and baby items commonly sold in Trinidad and Tobago, Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology 12(1):59-64 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | TT/EU Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn occurrence in Eighteen plastic children’s toys and baby items intended for children under 5 years of age, obtained from the… (n=18) |
| 836 | Naess et al. 2020. Mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium in Norwegian seafood products and consumer exposure, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | NO tHg, Pb, tAs, Cd occurrence in Market-representative commercially available seafood products collected in Norway in 2015, 2017, and 2018; each analytical sample was a… (n=84) |
| 837 | New York State Department 2020. Cleansing Product Information Disclosure Program — Recommended Best Management Practices, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NY DEC) — undated post-court-ruling Recommended Best Management Practices (BMP) document supporting the statutory household-cleansing-product disclosure requirement at 6 NYCRR Part 659.6 (authorised by Environmental Conservation Law (ECL) Article 35). The predecessor Program Policy on Household Cleansing Product Information Disclosure was declared null and void by the NYS Supreme Court (Household & Commercial Products Association v. Seggos, ruling issued August 2020); DEC maintains the present BMP document as recommended practice while moving forward to implement the underlying statute and regulation. Document text references EPA’s pre-MCL drinking-water values for 1,4-dioxane (350 ppt) and PFOA/PFOS (70 ppt combined), consistent with pre-July-2020 publication of the BMP framework prior to NY DOH’s August 2020 adoption of stricter state MCLs for those chemicals. | 2020 | Government guidance | US-NY Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr-VI, Ni occurrence in Not applicable: post-2020 court-ruling Recommended Best Management Practices (BMP) guidance document. The 22-page document (sections A. Form of… |
| 838 | Obasi et al. 2020. Potential health risk and levels of heavy metals in water resources of lead-zinc mining communities of Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria, Applied Water Science | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Cr, Cu, Mn occurrence in Water resources used by lead-zinc mining communities in Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria (n=106) |
| 839 | Olafisoye et al. 2020. Synthetic antioxidants and metallic elements as additives/contaminants in virgin palm oil, Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | NG Al, Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, Zn occurrence in Virgin palm oil samples from fifteen plantation locations in southern Nigeria, including NIFOR/substation and other southern-state oil-palm areas. (n=15) |
| 840 | Alharbi et al. 2020. Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Food Science & Nutrition | 2020 | Peer reviewed journal article | SA iAs, tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Stage 1 infant formula (0-6 months), stage 2 infant formula (7-12 months), cereal-based meals, and biscuits sold in… |
| 841 | Ormaza-Gonzalez et al. 2020. Low mercury, cadmium and lead concentrations in tuna products from the eastern Pacific, Heliyon | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | EC/EU tHg, Cd, Pb occurrence in Ecuadorean cannery production batches sampled by the National Institute of Fisheries (INP, ISO/IEC 17025) 2009-2016: canned tuna (solid,… (n=2572) |
| 842 | Ounifi et al. 2020. Cellulose Acetate Nanofiltration Membranes for Cadmium Remediation, Journal of Membrane Science and Research | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | TN/IT Cd occurrence in Laboratory nanofiltration experiments using cellulose acetate membranes on cadmium-containing model water. |
| 843 | Pogoson et al. 2020. Reducing the cadmium, inorganic arsenic and dimethylarsinic acid content of rice through food-safe chemical cooking pre-treatment, Food Chemistry | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | GB Cd, iAs, DMA, tAs occurrence in Ten polished rice samples purchased from retail stores in Belfast, Northern Ireland |
| 844 | Rahim et al. 2020. Analysis of Toxic Heavy Metal Content of the Most Widely Consumed Fruits, Journal of Physical Science | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | PK Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb occurrence in Fruit samples of 11 varieties (apple, apricot, banana, cherry, grapes, guava, lemon, mango, orange, peach, pomegranate) collected from… (n=308) |
| 845 | Rashmi 2020. Determination of Toxic Heavy Metals in Commercially available brands of Baby Talcum Powder, IRIS – Journal for Young Scientists, Vol. X, pp. 25–29 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in Three commercially-available baby talcum powder brands sold in India (Johnson’s, Patanjali, Himalaya), one sample each (n=3) |
| 846 | Reksten et al. 2020. Nutrient and Contaminant Analyses of Five Commercially Important Fish Species from the Angolan Coast, Foods | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and three other metals in 25 composite samples from five Angolan marine fish species; all Cd values below EU ML, contextualising West African coastal fish as low-Cd |
| 847 | Romero-Estévez et al. 2020. An Overview of Cadmium, Chromium, and Lead Content in Bivalves Consumed by the Community of Santa Rosa Island (Ecuador) and Its Health Risk Assessment, Frontiers in Environmental Science 8:134 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | EC/EU Cd, Cr, Pb occurrence in Fifty composite bivalve soft-tissue samples (~10 individuals per composite) of Anadara tuberculosa and Anadara similis (locally ‘concha prieta’,… (n=50) |
| 848 | Samuel et al. 2020. Variations on the physiochemical, microbiological and selected heavy metals of different palm oil samples sourced from Galadima, Tarauni, Sabon-Gari, Yan-Kura of Kano State and samples from Kogi and Edo States of Nigeria, Chemical Sciences Journal | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, tAs, tHg, Pb occurrence in Palm oil samples collected in triplicate from Galadima, Tarauni, Sabon-Gari, and Yan-Kura markets in Kano State, plus Kogi… (n=18) |
| 849 | Scaccabarozzi et al. 2020. Soil, Site, and Management Factors Affecting Cadmium Concentrations in Cacao-Growing Soils, Agronomy | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | Soil Cd in 40 Peruvian cacao-growing sites across four regions (1.1–3.2 mg/kg); elevation, climate, and soil type as drivers; management factors did not independently predict soil Cd |
| 850 | Schaefer et al. 2020. Cadmium: Mitigation strategies to reduce dietary exposure, Journal of Food Science | 2020 | Review | US/EU/AU Cd occurrence in Review of global literature and FDA Total Diet Study 2014–2016 data for cadmium in food and mitigation interventions |
| 851 | Humberto et al. 2020. Trace metals in two wild populations of the squalid callista clam (Megapitaria squalida) in the southeastern Gulf of California, Mexico, Revista Internacional de Contaminacion Ambiental | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | MX Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, tAs, tHg occurrence in Wild Megapitaria squalida clams from Altata and Agiabampo Bays in the southeastern Gulf of California |
| 852 | Shaltout et al. 2020. Prevalence of Some Chemical Hazards in Some Meat Products, Concepts of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences (Lupine Publishers) 3(4):000166 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | EG Pb, Cd occurrence in 60 random meat product samples (15 each of minced meat, beef burger, sausage, luncheon) from supermarkets and shops… (n=60) |
| 853 | Shi et al. 2020. Avoiding Rice-Based Cadmium and Inorganic Arsenic in Infant Diets Through Selection of Products Low in Concentration of These Contaminants, Exposure and Health 13:229-235 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | UK/EU Cd, iAs occurrence in Rice-based products available on the UK market, including products labeled for infants and generic rice products that infants… (n=Rice-based baby foods, generic rice crackers/cakes/cereals, and UK-purchased polished rice by origin; exact per-category n is figure/table dependent.) |
| 854 | Shi et al. 2020. Rice Grain Cadmium Concentrations in the Global Supply-Chain, Exposure and Health 12:869-876 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | GLOBAL Cd occurrence in Global polished white market-rice supply-chain samples purchased from retailers across 32 countries on six continents; country-level n and… (n=2270) |
| 855 | Shukla et al. 2020. Melissopalynological and physicochemical analysis of honey samples from Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh, Acta Palaeobotanica | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | IN Cd, Pb, Cu, tAs occurrence in Honey samples from rural and urban localities of Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh (n=14) |
| 856 | Singh et al. 2020. Quantification of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Edible Wild-Mushrooms in Copperbelt and Western Provinces of Zambia, Journal of Environmental Protection | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | ZM Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co occurrence in Three edible wild mushroom species (Amanita zambiana, Termitomyces titaniscus, and Lactarius titaniscus) collected from Mpongwe District and Solwezi… (n=90) |
| 857 | Su et al. 2020. Content and Dietary Exposure Assessment of Toxic Elements in Infant Formulas from the Chinese Market, Foods 9(12):1839 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in 93 cow-milk-based Chinese infant formulas across four stages; mean Cd 0.98 µg/kg, range 0.13–3.58 µg/kg, no significant difference between domestic and imported brands |
| 858 | Tamele et al. 2020. Lead, Mercury and Cadmium in Fish and Shellfish from the Indian Ocean and Red Sea (African Countries): Public Health Challenges, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering | 2020 | Peer reviewed review | EG/DJ/KE Pb, tHg, Cd occurrence in Narrative review of Pb, Hg, and Cd in fish and shellfish from African countries bordering the Indian Ocean… |
| 859 | TatahMentan et al. 2020. Toxic and Essential Elements in Rice and Other Grains from the United States and Other Countries, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | US/CA/TH tAs, Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn occurrence in Rice and other grains purchased from local stores in Louisiana, USA: 28 white rice samples, 11 brown rice… |
| 860 | Tomczyk et al. 2020. Transfer of some toxic metals from soil to honey depending on bee habitat conditions, Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis Series E: Food Technology | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | PL Cd, Pb, Al, Mn, Ni occurrence in Honeydew, goldenrod, dandelion, rapeseed, and tilia honeys collected from ten apiary sampling points in Podkarpackie, Poland, split between… (n=50) |
| 861 | Tonska et al. 2020. Lead and cadmium content in organic and conventional carrots and their dietary risk assessment, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | Pb and Cd in 18 conventional and 18 organic Polish carrots; no significant difference between organic and conventional, both below EU MRL for Cd (0.050 mg/kg), contradicting organic-lower assumption |
| 862 | Truzzi et al. 2020. A Chemically Safe Way to Produce Insect Biomass for Possible Application in Feed and Food Production, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | IT/EU Cd, Pb, tHg, tAs, Ni occurrence in Hermetia illucens prepupae reared in five replicates per substrate group on coffee-silverskin substrates with or without microalgae additions (n=45) |
| 863 | Uroko et al. 2020. Quantification of Heavy Metals in Canned Tomato Paste Sold in Ubani-Umuahia, Nigeria, Journal of Bio-Science | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, Cr, Cd, Mn, Zn occurrence in Ten coded canned tomato-paste products purchased from Ubani-Umuahia market, Nigeria. (n=10) |
| 864 | Vaishali et al. 2020. A Comparative Study on Presence of Heavy Metals Lead and Cadmium in Tomato Ketchups used by Street Vendors of Delhi NCR, Journal of Advanced Research in Medical Science & Technology | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cd occurrence in Tomato ketchup from street vendors in Delhi, Noida, Gurugram, and Faridabad (3 samples per locale) (n=12) |
| 865 | Vatanpour et al. 2020. The high levels of heavy metal accumulation in cultivated rice from the Tajan river basin: health and ecological risk assessment, Chemosphere | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Fe, Cu occurrence in 33 cultivated rice samples (described by the paper as ‘fresh rice plants containing grains’, dry-ashed and acid-digested per… (n=33) |
| 866 | Wang et al. 2020. Contamination and health risk assessment of lead, arsenic, cadmium, and aluminum from a total diet study of Jilin Province, China, Food Science & Nutrition | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, tAs, Cd, Al occurrence in Jilin Province total-diet-study composites across 12 food groups and 48 product groups, with consumption inputs for 7700 residents… |
| 867 | Wang et al. 2020. Biochars from Lignin-rich Residue of Furfural Manufacturing Process for Heavy Metal Ions Remediation, Materials | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, Cu occurrence in Two corn-cob lignin-rich-residue biochars activated with H3PO4 or ZnCl2 and tested in aqueous Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) batch… (n=2) |
| 868 | Yakubu et al. 2020. Investigation on the Environmental Effect of Local Production Method of Aluminium Utensil in Kano, FUDMA Journal of Sciences | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | NG Zn, Mn, Cd, Cr, Pb occurrence in Three soil samples and two borehole-water samples from sites around local aluminium-utensil production in Bachirawa, Ungogo Local Government… (n=5) |
| 869 | Yashim et al. 2020. Evaluation of Heavy Metals Level in Hair Dyes and their Potential Health Risk, Nigerian Research Journal of Chemical Sciences 8(2):241-251 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, Cu occurrence in Twenty-five samples of each of four hair-dye product forms purchased from different locations in Samaru market, Zaria, Nigeria;… (n=100) |
| 870 | Zhang et al. 2020. Effects of Dietary Supplements on the Bioaccessibility of Se, Zn and Cd in Rice: Preliminary Observations from In Vitro Gastrointestinal Simulation Tests, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd, Se, Zn occurrence in Five replicate in vitro gastrointestinal digestion tests using steamed rice from Guangxi Province, China, with vitamin, mineral, amino-acid,… (n=5) |
| 871 | Abdullahi 2019. Analysis and Evaluation of the Effect of Heavy Metals in Fruits and Vegetables, International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | NG Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd, Ni, Pb occurrence in Orange, pineapple, waterleaf, and pumpkin leaf samples from a local market in Nigeria |
| 872 | Adler et al. 2019. Concentrations of selected metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, Ni, Pb, Cd) in coffee, Zdravstveno Varstvo / Slovenian Journal of Public Health | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | BA Al, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg occurrence in Two green coffee bean samples and six roasted coffee bean samples purchased in small local stores in Sarajevo,… (n=8) |
| 873 | Ahmed et al. 2019. Heavy Metal Contamination of Irrigation Water, Soil, and Vegetables and the Difference between Dry and Wet Seasons Near a Multi-Industry Zone in Bangladesh, Water | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr occurrence in Irrigation water, soil, and mixed vegetables from 3 industrial zone areas in Gazipur District, Bangladesh; dry season n=12… (n=99) |
| 874 | Amer et al. 2019. Exposure assessment of heavy metal residues in some Egyptian fruits, Toxicology Reports | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | EG Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni occurrence in 108 fresh fruit samples (apples, grapes, oranges; 36 per fruit type) purchased from four Egyptian governorates (Cairo, Giza,… (n=108) |
| 875 | Bakyayita et al. 2019. Assessment of Levels, Speciation, and Toxicity of Trace Metal Contaminants in Selected Shallow Groundwater Sources, Surface Runoff, Wastewater, and Surface Water from Designated Streams in Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda, Journal of Environmental and Public Health | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | Cd levels in Lake Victoria basin Ugandan groundwater and surface water; Cd 0.05–0.12 µg/L in wastewater exceeding WHO guidelines, providing irrigation-water Cd exposure context |
| 876 | Barraza et al. 2019. Cadmium isotope fractionation in the soil–cacao system in Ecuador: a pilot study, RSC Advances | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | Cd isotope fractionation (δ¹¹⁴/¹¹⁰Cd) across soil-to-bean pathway in three Ecuadorian cacao farms; lighter isotopes preferentially in beans; pilot study for tracing volcanic vs fertiliser Cd sources |
| 877 | Burden et al. 2019. Acute sublethal exposure to toxic heavy metals alters honey bee (Apis mellifera) feeding behavior, Scientific Reports | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | US Cd, Cu, Pb occurrence in Pollen-forager worker honey bees from colonies with open-mated New World Carniolan queens; assay-specific sample sizes reported separately for… |
| 878 | Ćaćić et al. 2019. Evaluation of heavy metals accumulation potential of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), Journal of Central European Agriculture | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | HR/EU Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr, tHg, Co, Mo, tAs occurrence in Pot experiment with four EU-catalogue hemp varieties (Fedora 17, Fibrol, Futura 75, Santhica 27) grown in alkaline Gleysol… (n=24) |
| 879 | Centre for Food Safety 2019. Guidelines on the Food Adulteration (Metallic Contamination) (Amendment) Regulation 2018, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service GAIN Report HK1922, relaying the Hong Kong Centre for Food Safety Guidelines for the Food Adulteration (Metallic Contamination) (Amendment) Regulation 2018 (Cap. 132V sub. leg.) | 2019 | Government report | HK Sb, tAs, iAs, Ba, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, MeHg, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, U occurrence in Not a sampling study. Regulatory document setting maximum levels (MLs) for 14 metallic contaminants across food and food… |
| 880 | Reza et al. 2019. Assessment of Lead and Cadmium Levels in Watermelon and Carrot, Iranian Journal of Toxicology | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd occurrence in Watermelon and carrot samples analyzed for lead and cadmium in Iran |
| 881 | Chekri et al. 2019. Trace element contents in foods from the first French Total Diet Study on infants and toddlers, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | French TDS trace elements in 291 infant and toddler foods; Cd occurrence across formula, cereal, fruit/vegetable purees, and meat/fish categories for non-breastfed French infants |
| 882 | Cherry et al. 2019. Risks and benefits of consuming edible seaweeds, Nutrition Reviews | 2019 | Peer reviewed review | GB/IE/KR iAs, tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Narrative review of edible seaweed nutrition, functional-food evidence, and adverse-effect concerns, including heavy-metal and arsenic-speciation context from cited… |
| 883 | Davidov et al. 2019. Contamination of Cow Milk by Heavy Metals in Serbia, Acta Scientiae Veterinariae | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | RS tAs, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb occurrence in cow milk samples from Serbia |
| 884 | Depa 2019. Heavy Metals in Baby Foods and Cereal Products, Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | Pb, Cd occurrence in Baby foods and cereal products, including milk powder and cereal-based products (n=63) |
| 885 | EC 2019. Cadmium in Chocolate (European Commission consumer information leaflet), European Commission, Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (consumer information leaflet) | 2019 | Government guidance | EU Cd concentrations |
| 886 | Fechner et al. 2019. Dietary exposure assessment of aluminium and cadmium from cocoa in relation to cocoa origin, PLoS ONE | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | German market Cd dietary exposure from cocoa powder using 12,482 occurrence records; P95 Cd intake from cocoa at 0.363 µg/week/kg bw (14% of EFSA TWI), with modest origin-based differentiation |
| 887 | Zealand 2019. 25th Australian Total Diet Study, Food Standards Australia New Zealand | 2019 | Government report | Australian TDS: dietary Cd exposure estimated across population age groups from 88 food types; no public health concern identified for Cd for Australian consumers |
| 888 | Fu et al. 2019. The Effects of Heavy Metals on Human Metabolism, Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods | 2019 | Review | Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg, MeHg, Ni occurrence in Review of human exposure studies worldwide, emphasis on drinking water and occupational routes |
| 889 | Gardener et al. 2019. Lead and cadmium contamination in a large sample of United States infant formulas and baby foods, Science of the Total Environment | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd occurrence in 564 US baby food and infant formula products purchased from Denver CO area retail, online, and direct-to-consumer channels;… (n=564) |
| 890 | Gu et al. 2019. Prediction and risk assessment of five heavy metals in maize and peanut: a case study of Guangxi, China, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd, Cu, tHg, Pb, Zn occurrence in Sixty-five maize grain samples and thirty-five peanut grain samples paired with rhizosphere soils from Binyang County and Xingbin… (n=100) |
| 891 | Houlihan et al. 2019. What’s in My Baby’s Food? A National Investigation Finds 95 Percent of Baby Foods Tested Contain Toxic Chemicals That Lower Babies’ IQ, Including Arsenic and Lead, Healthy Babies Bright Futures | 2019 | Nonprofit | US tAs, iAs, Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in 168 commercial baby food containers, 61 brands, 13 food types; purchased from 14 US metropolitan areas and 15… (n=168) |
| 892 | Assurance 2019. California Proposition 65 Compliance Requirements, HSN internal supplier compliance specification (issued 4 December 2019; last updated 7 April 2021) | 2019 | Industry | US-CA/US Pb, Cd occurrence in Retailer-issued compliance specification. No primary sampling or measurement. Summarises legal limits and HSN QA acceptance/rejection criteria derived from… |
| 893 | Hussain et al. 2019. Arsenic and Heavy Metal (Cadmium, Lead, Mercury and Nickel) Contamination in Plant-Based Foods, Plant and Human Health, Volume 2 | 2019 | Book chapter | GLOBAL tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Ni occurrence in Review chapter compiling published occurrence ranges for arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and nickel in plant-based foods including cereal… |
| 894 | Iwegbue et al. 2019. Risk of human exposure to metals in some household hygienic products in Nigeria, Toxicology Reports 6 (2019) 914-923 (Elsevier; ISSN 2214-7500) | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, Fe occurrence in Twenty-seven brands of household hygienic products purchased in Abraka, Sapele and Warri (Delta State, southern Nigeria), comprising ten… (n=27) |
| 895 | Abdul et al. 2019. Determination of Heavy Elements (Pb, Cd, Cu and Cr) Concentration in Some Water Sources, Chemistry & Chemical Technology | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr occurrence in Water samples from Diyala Governorate, Iraq, collected between August 2016 and February 2017. Sites include the Diyala River… |
| 896 | Janco et al. 2019. The relationship between risk elements contamination of wild edible mushrooms (Boletus reticulatus Schaeff.) and underlying soil substrate, Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | SK Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in Boletus reticulatus fruiting bodies (48 samples) and forest underlying soil substrates (48 samples) from eight eastern and central… (n=48) |
| 897 | Janco et al. 2019. The relationship between risk elements contamination of wild edible mushrooms (Boletus reticulatus Schaeff.) and underlying soil substrate, Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | SK Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in 48 Boletus reticulatus fruiting bodies and 48 underlying soil samples from eight Slovak locations, with mushroom caps and… (n=48) |
| 898 | Janvier et al. 2019. Nutritional value assessment of umufumba: A Rwandan wild edible plant Mondia whytei (Hook. F), Food Science & Nutrition | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | RW Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn occurrence in Mondia whytei root bark samples collected from Rwandan localities, analyzed in triplicate by locality and age (n=18) |
| 899 | Jasińska et al. 2019. Relationship between zinc and cadmium contents and cultivating conditions of gourmet and medicinal mushroom Agaricus subrufescens, International Journal of Horticultural Science | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | PL Cd, Zn occurrence in Agaricus subrufescens cultivated under experimental substrate conditions |
| 900 | Jayanthi et al. 2019. Assessment of non-essential heavy metals in ready-to-eat chicken meat products of Chennai city, International Journal of Chemical Studies | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | IN Al, tAs, Cd, Cr, tHg, Pb occurrence in Two hundred eighty-eight ready-to-eat chicken meat product samples from street food outlets in northern, central, and southern Chennai,… (n=288) |
| 901 | Kovalchuk et al. 2019. Physiological relationship between content of certain microelements in the tissues of different anatomic sections of the organism of honey bees exposed to citrates of argentum and cuprum, Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | UA Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn, Co, Cr, Pb, Cd occurrence in Five groups of Carpathian honey-bee families, three families per group, fed sugar syrup alone or sugar syrup containing… |
| 902 | Lee et al. 2019. Effects of food processing methods on migration of heavy metals to food, Applied Biological Chemistry | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | KR/LK Pb, Cd, tAs, Al occurrence in Korean market oilseeds (sesame, perilla, flaxseed), noodles (flour and glass), and teas (black, green, Solomon’s seal) — 3… (n=27) |
| 903 | Li et al. 2019. Evaluation of heavy metal migration from plastic food packaging materials to aqueous simulants by ICP-MS, Shimadzu Application News No. AD-0207 | 2019 | Application note | EU Al, tAs, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn occurrence in Three plastic food-packaging material types obtained from local food markets: polystyrene container, polypropylene container, and polyethylene film. (n=3) |
| 904 | Liang et al. 2019. Analysis of Heavy Metals in Foodstuffs and an Assessment of the Health Risks to the General Public via Consumption in Beijing, China, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs, tHg occurrence in Beijing general population; 25 foodstuff types collected from 4 sites, 3 replicates each (n=75) |
| 905 | Luka et al. 2019. Investigation of trace metals in different varieties of olive oils from northern Cyprus and their variation in accumulation using ICP-MS and multivariate techniques, Environmental Earth Sciences | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | CY Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, tAs, Ni occurrence in Fifteen olive-oil observations from northern Cyprus, including oils from olives harvested from the ground, olives harvested directly from… (n=15) |
| 906 | Maccaferri et al. 2019. A high-density, SNP-based consensus map of tetraploid wheat as a bridge to integrate durum and bread wheat genomics and breeding, Nature Genetics | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | Durum wheat reference genome paper identifying TdHMA3-B1 gene on chromosome 5B as primary determinant of grain Cd accumulation; explains why modern durum pasta wheat carries higher Cd than ancient varieties |
| 907 | Madani-Tonekaboni et al. 2019. Monitoring and risk assessment of lead and cadmium in milks from East of Iran using Monte Carlo simulation method, Nutrition and Food Sciences Research | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd occurrence in Fifty-four raw milk samples from five regions plus twenty pasteurized milk samples purchased from supermarkets in east of… (n=74) |
| 908 | Majlesi et al. 2019. Heavy metal content in farmed rainbow trout in relation to aquaculture area and feed pellets, Foods and Raw Materials | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | IR/WHO/US tHg, Cd, Pb occurrence in Farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle tissue from six farms across three aquaculture sites (A, B, C) in… (n=30) |
| 909 | Meter et al. 2019. Cadmium in Cacao from Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review of Research and Potential Mitigation Solutions, Bioversity International / CAF Development Bank of Latin America | 2019 | Government report | Comprehensive review of Cd in Latin American and Caribbean cacao; documents LAC cacao consistently exceeding EU thresholds, soil-plant mechanisms, genotypic variability, and mitigation options |
| 910 | Mititelu et al. 2019. The influence of heavy metals contamination in soil on the composition of some wild edible mushrooms, Farmacia | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | RO Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Zn occurrence in Boletus edulis and Hymenochaete rubiginosa collected near two Romanian urban areas with paired soil samples; concentrations reported on… (n=4) |
| 911 | Mititelu et al. 2019. The Influence of Heavy Metals Contamination in Soil on the Composition of Some Wild Edible Mushrooms, Farmacia | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | RO Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn occurrence in Two wild edible mushroom species, Boletus edulis and Hymenochaete rubiginosa, collected from two adjacent urban areas in Romania… (n=4) |
| 912 | Nawaz et al. 2019. Wastewater induced manganese toxicity affects growth and bioavailability in spinach (Spinacia oleracea), International Journal of Agriculture & Biology | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | PK Mn, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd occurrence in Wastewater collected from three Faisalabad drains and a four-replicate spinach pot experiment using Bawachak drain wastewater amended with… |
| 913 | Bureau of Toxic Substance 2019. Technical Support Document for Derivation of Health-Based Guidance Values for Metals in Spices, New York State Department of Health | 2019 | Government report | US iAs, Cd, Cr, Pb occurrence in Methodology document; no direct food-sampling data; uses FCID consumption data for children and adults across 8 spices |
| 914 | Ownsworth et al. 2019. Tracing the natural and anthropogenic influence on the trace elemental chemistry of estuarine macroalgae and the implications for human consumption, Science of the Total Environment | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | GB/JP tAs, iAs, Pb, Cd, Ni, U, Co, Cu, Zn, Ag occurrence in Fifty brown macroalgae samples collected from 25 Forth Estuary/Firth of Forth locations in Scotland, plus four Laminaria japonica… (n=55) |
| 915 | Pankavec et al. 2019. Mineral Constituents of Conserved White Button Mushrooms: Similarities and Differences, Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene) | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Ni, Al, Cr, U, Sb occurrence in 100 unit packages of commercially available pickled white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) from 6 manufacturers sold in Gdańsk,… (n=100) |
| 916 | Parsaei et al. 2019. Concentrations of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury in Raw Bovine, Ovine, Caprine, Buffalo and Camel Milk, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | IR Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in 1100 bovine, ovine, caprine, buffalo, and camel milk samples (n=1100) |
| 917 | Pourramezani et al. 2019. Evaluation of heavy metal concentration in imported black tea in Iran and consumer risk assessments, Food Science & Nutrition | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | IR/IN/LK Pb, Cd, Cu, tAs, tHg occurrence in One hundred twenty-two commercial black tea leaf samples randomly collected from the local market of Hormozgan Province, Iran… (n=122) |
| 918 | Razanov et al. 2019. Effect of silicon and mineral extract on heavy metals balance and accumulation rate in the muscle tissue of poultry, Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 9(4):742-748 | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | UA Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu occurrence in Poultry fed raw materials including corn, wheat, oats, barley, and sunflower meal, with a silicon-mineral water extract intervention. (n=Poultry edible parts and diet raw materials from the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine; per-cell animal counts not extracted.) |
| 919 | Rodriguez-Mendivil et al. 2019. Health Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals from Canned Tuna and Fish in Tijuana, Mexico, Health Scope | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | MX tHg, Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in 48 samples of canned tuna (6 samples × 8 brands) and 20 samples of fresh fish (5 samples… (n=68) |
| 920 | Romero-Estevez et al. 2019. Content and the relationship between cadmium, nickel, and lead concentrations in Ecuadorian cocoa beans from nine provinces, Food Control | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Ni, and Pb in Ecuadorian cocoa beans from nine provinces; 33.3% of samples exceeded EU 0.8 mg/kg Cd threshold; Cd, Ni, and Pb did not correlate, so co-remediation is not assured |
| 921 | Rudy et al. 2019. Content of toxic elements in tissues of hunted animals on the basis of research results of 2003–2017, Medycyna Weterynaryjna | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | PL/HR/IT Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg occurrence in Narrative literature review of 2003–2017 publications reporting Pb, Cd, As, and Hg in tissues of wild boar (Sus… |
| 922 | Salama et al. 2019. Determination of Physicochemical Properties and Toxic Heavy Metals Levels in Honey Samples from West of Libya, Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | LY Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs occurrence in Bee honey samples from eight locations in western Libya, three samples per locality (n=24) |
| 923 | Savić et al. 2019. Determination of the mineral content of spices by ICP-OES, Advanced Technologies | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | RS Pb, Cd, Al, Ni, Cr occurrence in Ten spice samples available on the Serbian market: curcuma, star anise, cinnamon, ginger, coriander, cardamom, sesame, black pepper,… (n=10) |
| 924 | Shamsani et al. 2019. Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd, As) Content in Instant Noodles From Malaysian Market, Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vol. 15 Supp. 3 (Proceedings of the Summer Crash Course Programme 2018) | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | MY Pb, Cd, tAs occurrence in Seven commercially popular brands of instant noodles randomly purchased from the Malaysian retail market; noodles and accompanying seasoning/flavouring… (n=7) |
| 925 | Sharafi et al. 2019. Human health risk assessment for some toxic metals in widely consumed rice brands (domestic and imported) in Tehran, Iran: Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, Food Chemistry | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | IR/IN/PK tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in 30 rice brands (10 Iranian-produced, 10 Indian-imported, 10 Pakistani-imported) drawn from 250 packed rice samples collected from households… (n=90) |
| 926 | Siric et al. 2019. Heavy metals concentrations in cultivated mushroom species, Journal of Central European Agriculture | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | HR Fe, Zn, Cu, tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Twenty samples each of Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Lentinula edodes from cultivated mushroom species evaluated in Croatia. (n=60) |
| 927 | Souri et al. 2019. Plant growth stage influences heavy metal accumulation in leafy vegetables of garden cress and sweet basil, Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | IR Cd, Pb, Ni, tAs, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Zn occurrence in Garden cress and sweet basil from five wastewater-irrigated farms in Shahre Rey, south of Tehran, Iran; field samples… (n=5) |
| 928 | Spungen 2019. Children’s exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2014-16, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | FDA TDS 2014-2016 children’s dietary Cd exposure by age group (6-11 months through adolescents); establishes that infants and young children carry highest per-kg Cd burden from diet |
| 929 | Ziarati et al. 2019. Determination of Toxic Metals Content in Iranian and Italian Flavoured Olive Oil, Acta Technologica Agriculturae | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | IR/IT Pb, Cd, Ni, tAs occurrence in Commercial olive oil samples (non-flavoured and flavoured: fungi, aroma vegetables, pepper) purchased from Lombardy, Italy and Tehran, Iran… (n=480) |
| 930 | Abt et al. 2018. Cadmium and Lead in Cocoa Powder and Chocolate Products in the U.S. Market, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B Surveillance | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and Pb in 144 US-market cocoa powder, nibs, dark and milk chocolate; mean Cd highest in cocoa powder (0.70 mg/kg); Cd correlates with cocoa content and Latin American origin |
| 931 | Aldayel et al. 2018. Heavy Metals Concentration in Facial Cosmetics, Natural Products Chemistry & Research 6(1): 1000303 | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | SA Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Al, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, U, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Co, Ag, Ba, V, Mo, Li occurrence in Thirty facial-cosmetic samples representing nine ‘most expensive’ facial-cosmetic brands purchased from the Saudi Arabian (Riyadh) market. Four product… (n=30) |
| 932 | Alimohammadi et al. 2018. Heavy metal(oid)s concentration in Tehran supermarket vegetables: carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment, Toxin Reviews | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | IR tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn occurrence in Six vegetable types (lettuce, cabbage, tomato, cucumber, potato, carrot; n=16 each, 96 total) collected from Tehran central fruit… (n=96) |
| 933 | Al et al. 2018. Environmental exposure assessment of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in different Palestinian canned foods, Agriculture & Food Security 7:50 | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | PS Cd, Pb occurrence in 16 canned food samples (4 brands each of beans, chickpeas, corn, mushroom) purchased from a supermarket in Nablus,… (n=16) |
| 934 | Ametepey et al. 2018. Determination of heavy metals in selected vegetables from markets in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana, International Journal of Food Contamination | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and Pb above WHO/FAO limits in multiple vegetable samples from Tamale, Ghana markets; leafy vegetables highest, contextualising West African vegetable Cd as a dietary exposure pathway |
| 935 | Baki et al. 2018. Concentration of heavy metals in seafood (fishes, shrimp, lobster and crabs) and human health assessment in Saint Martin Island, Bangladesh, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | BD Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Fe occurrence in Eight fish species and five crustacean species collected from different points of Saint Martin’s Island and its local… (n=13) |
| 936 | BfR 2018. EU maximum levels for cadmium in food for infants and young children sufficient - Exposure to lead should fundamentally be reduced to the achievable minimum, BfR Opinion No. 026/2018 | 2018 | Government report | DE/EU Cd, Pb occurrence in BfR assessment of German Federal Control Plan 2015 and Monitoring 2015 occurrence data for foods for infants and… (n=522) |
| 937 | Chang et al. 2018. First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements in China’s urban atmosphere: temporal variability, source apportionment and precipitation effect, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | CN Si, Fe, K, Ca, Zn, Mn, Pb, Ba, V, Cu, Cd, tAs, Ni, Cr, Ag, Se, tHg, Au occurrence in Hourly PM2.5 trace-element measurements from the Pudong Environmental Monitoring Center in Shanghai, China, from 1 March 2016 to… (n=1265) |
| 938 | Daisley et al. 2018. Immobilization of cadmium and lead by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 mitigates apical-to-basolateral heavy metal translocation in a Caco-2 model of the intestinal epithelium, Gut Microbes | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | CA Pb, Cd occurrence in In vitro Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1, Lactobacillus plantarum 14917T, Lactobacillus casei 393T, and E. coli binding assays, plus Caco-2… (n=3) |
| 939 | Oliveira et al. 2018. Metal concentrations in traditional and herbal teas and their potential risks to human health, Science of the Total Environment | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | US Al, tAs, Cd, Cr, Pb occurrence in Forty-seven tea products collected in the US market, covering 16 herbal teas, 16 black teas, 11 green teas,… (n=47) |
| 940 | S.Y.S. et al. 2018. Suitability of Clay Water Filter for the Removal of Nephrotoxic Constituents in CKDu Prevalent Areas, Proceedings of the 22nd International Forestry and Environment Symposium | 2018 | Conference proceedings | LK Cd, Al occurrence in Synthetic feed waters representing wet-season and extreme-wet-season conditions in Sri Lanka dry-zone CKDu-prevalent areas, tested through a clay-and-rice-husk… |
| 941 | Eticha et al. 2018. Infant Exposure to Metals through Consumption of Formula Feeding in Mekelle, Ethiopia, International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 2018, Article 2985698 | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, As, and Cr in infant formulas sold in Mekelle, Ethiopia; provides sub-Saharan African market Cd baseline for infant formula, complementing European and North American datasets |
| 942 | Martin et al. 2018. Seasonal levels of heavy metals in soft tissue and muscle of the pen shell Atrina maura from a farm in the southeastern coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico, Revista Internacional de Contaminacion Ambiental | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | MX Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb, tAs, Zn, tHg occurrence in Farmed pen shell from the southeastern Gulf of California, sampled seasonally from summer 2011 to summer 2012 |
| 943 | Eticha et al. 2018. Infant Exposure to Metals through Consumption of Formula Feeding in Mekelle, Ethiopia, Hindawi International Journal of Analytical Chemistry | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | ET Pb, Cd occurrence in Five milk-based infant formula brands from Mekelle, Ethiopia for infants 6–12 months old (n=5) |
| 944 | Islam et al. 2018. Assessment of heavy metals in foods around the industrial areas: Health hazard inference in Bangladesh, Geocarto International | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | BD Cr, Ni, Cu, tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Seventy-five composite samples of rice, sponge gourd, bitter gourd, papaya, okra, bean, brinjal, and chili collected by hand… (n=75) |
| 945 | Jafari et al. 2018. The concentration data of heavy metals in Iranian grown and imported rice and human health hazard assessment, Data in Brief 16 (2018) 453-459 | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | IR Cd, Pb, tAs, Cr, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co occurrence in Systematic review of 10 primary studies (2010-2016) reporting heavy-metal concentrations in Iranian-grown and imported rice brands sold in… (n=10) |
| 946 | Jannat et al. 2018. Determination of trace elements and heavy metals content of green and black tea varieties consumed in Iran, African Journal of Biotechnology | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn occurrence in Sixty commercial true-tea samples purchased from local retail markets in Tehran, Iran: 33 black tea and 27 green… (n=60) |
| 947 | Janvier et al. 2018. Impurity profiling of the most frequently encountered falsified polypeptide drugs on the Belgian market, Talanta | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | BE iAs, tAs, Pb, Cd occurrence in 27 falsified/unregulated polypeptide drug preparations acquired as ‘research chemicals’ from three suspected illegal internet pharmacies and delivered to… (n=27) |
| 948 | Kataoka et al. 2018. Surveillance of Cadmium Concentration in Chocolate and Cocoa Powder Products Distributed in Japan, Food Hygiene and Safety Science | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | JP Cd occurrence in Retail chocolate and cocoa powder products purchased online or at supermarkets in Tokyo and surrounding areas, April 2015… (n=320) |
| 949 | Hyun-Tae et al. 2018. Evaluation of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead and Mercury Contamination in Over-the-Counter Available Dry Dog Foods With Different Animal Ingredients (Red Meat, Poultry, and Fish), Frontiers in Veterinary Science | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in 51 over-the-counter maintenance or all-life-stage dry dog foods (17 fish-based, 17 poultry-based, 17 red-meat-based) purchased in the United… (n=51) |
| 950 | Lehel et al. 2018. Heavy metals in seafood purchased from a fishery market in Hungary, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | HU/DK/IT tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Seafood purchased weekly for 20 weeks from a fishery product market in Hungary: shellfish n=42 from Denmark and… (n=114) |
| 951 | Muniz et al. 2018. Evaluation of metals in tomato sauces stored in different types of packaging, Food Science and Technology | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | BR tAs, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Sb, Sn occurrence in 20 retail tomato sauce samples in 4 packaging types (plastic, metallic/canned, cellulosic, glass), 2 brands, Rio de Janeiro… (n=20) |
| 952 | Naser et al. 2018. Heavy metal accumulation in leafy vegetables grown in industrial areas under varying levels of pollution, Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr occurrence in spinach, red amaranth, and amaranth from Gazipur industrial and non-industrial areas, Bangladesh (n=three leafy vegetables across three pollution levels) |
| 953 | Norouzirad et al. 2018. Lead and cadmium levels in raw bovine milk and dietary risk assessment in areas near petroleum extraction industries, Science of the Total Environment 635: 308-314 | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd occurrence in Convenience sample of 118 raw cow milk samples, 14 fodder samples, and 8 water samples collected from 15… (n=140) |
| 954 | Otitoju et al. 2018. Heavy Metal Quantification of Noodle Products Commonly Consumed in Nigeria, Journal of Home Economics Research | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | NG tAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, tHg occurrence in Eleven instant-noodle products sold in Nigerian markets, collected from a major market in Enugu State and anonymized in… (n=11) |
| 955 | Pogrzeba et al. 2018. Macroelements and heavy metals content in energy crops cultivated on contaminated soil under different fertilization-case studies on autumn harvest, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | PL Cd, Pb, Zn occurrence in Miscanthus x giganteus and Spartina pectinata field plots on Pb/Cd/Zn-contaminated arable soil in Bytom, Upper Silesia, Poland, sampled… (n=6) |
| 956 | Rajeshkumar et al. 2018. Studies on seasonal pollution of heavy metals in water, sediment, fish and oyster from the Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake in China, Chemosphere | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu occurrence in Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) from seven sampling sites in Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake,… |
| 957 | Rittirong et al. 2018. Quantification of aluminum and heavy metal contents in cooked rice samples from Thailand markets using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and potential health risk assessment, Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | TH Al, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Cooked rice prepared from Thailand-market rice using five utensil conditions and four water conditions, with raw rice as… (n=20) |
| 958 | Shchukin et al. 2018. Comparative analysis of the content of heavy metals, aluminum, and arsenic in brown algae of various origins, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | RU/CN tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb, Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sr, Zn occurrence in Six pharmacy-purchased medicinal herbal preparations described as Laminaria thalli, bought in Moscow pharmacy chains. Raw material origins were… (n=6) |
| 959 | Tajdar-oranj et al. 2018. The concentration of heavy metals in noodle samples from Iran’s market: probabilistic health risk assessment, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cr, Cd, Al occurrence in 27 instant noodle samples drawn from four commercial brands sold on the Tehran market in Spring 2017: three… (n=27) |
| 960 | Talib 2018. Determination of lead and cadmium in carrots and cabbage available in local markets, Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Pb, Cd occurrence in Carrot and cabbage samples from local markets, including Iraqi and Iranian-origin products |
| 961 | Youssao et al. 2018. Levels of Minor and Trace Elements of Some Commercial Fruit Juices and Syrup Produced in Artisanal and Semi-Industrial Units in Benin Republic, International Journal of Chemistry | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | BJ/FR Al, tAs, Ba, Be, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sn, Tl, U occurrence in 92 fruit-juice and syrup samples: 85 Benin-produced bottled pineapple juices/cocktails from artisanal and semi-industrial units, 6 French pineapple… (n=92) |
| 962 | Yozukmaz et al. 2018. Heavy metal bioaccumulation in Enteromorpha intestinalis, (L.) Nees, a macrophytic algae: The example of Kadin Creek (Western Anatolia), Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | TR Al, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in Seasonal Enteromorpha intestinalis, water, and sediment samples from Kadin Creek in western Anatolia collected in 2011 and 2012. (n=20) |
| 963 | Zafarzadeh et al. 2018. Assessment of cadmium and lead concentrations in different types of cosmetics products consumed in Iran, National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 8(8):1200-1204 | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | IR/CN/TR Cd, Pb occurrence in 264 cosmetic products purchased from shops in Gorgan, Iran from September 2016 to March 2017: 24 samples each… (n=264) |
| 964 | Zhang et al. 2018. Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Tea Leaves and Potential Health Risk Assessment: A Case Study from Puan County, Guizhou Province, China, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and six other metals in 26 Guizhou Province tea leaf and soil samples; Cd in young and mature leaves both below Chinese safety limits; health risk HI <1 for infusions |
| 965 | Zhou et al. 2018. Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, a Potential Candidate for Biogas Residues Degradation, BioResources 13(3):5432-5449 | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd, Pb, tHg, tAs occurrence in Cultivated oyster mushroom fruiting bodies grown on cottonseed hull, wheat bran, lime, water, and 0-60% chicken-manure biogas-residue substrate… (n=Seven substrate treatments, with first-flush Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies analyzed in triplicate for chemical composition and heavy metals.) |
| 966 | Abebe et al. 2017. Assessment of essential and non-essential metals in popcorn and cornflake commercially available in Ethiopia, Chemistry International 3(3):268-276 | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | ET K, Na, Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd occurrence in Popcorn from 5 shops in an Addis Ababa open market (~200 g each, pooled to ~1 kg, traditionally… (n=8) |
| 967 | Adams et al. 2017. Genotoxic studies of cooked and uncooked processed spices using Allium cepa Test, International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni occurrence in Market-sold curry, thyme, suya, and pepper-soup spices purchased in Ogun State, Nigeria (n=4) |
| 968 | Akhtar et al. 2017. Determination of aflatoxin M1 and heavy metals in infant formula milk brands available in Pakistani markets, Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and five other metals in 13 Pakistani infant formula milk brands; all milk-based non-soy formulas, providing Asian-market Cd baseline for infant formula surveillance |
| 969 | Aljedani 2017. Determination of Some Heavy Metals and Elements in Honeybee and Honey Samples from Saudi Arabia, Entomology and Applied Science Letters | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | SA Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn occurrence in Honeybee (Apis mellifera jemenatica) and honey samples from four agricultural regions in Saudi Arabia: Jazan (Sabya), Asir (Abha),… (n=8) |
| 970 | Arévalo-Gardini et al. 2017. Heavy metal accumulation in leaves and beans of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in major cacao growing regions in Peru, Science of the Total Environment | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in leaves and beans from 70 Peruvian cacao plantations across three regions; more than 57% of beans exceeded EU 0.8 mg/kg Cd limit, with Amazonas and Piura as highest-risk regions |
| 971 | Blair et al. 2017. Evaluating Concentrations of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in the U.S. Peanut Crop in the Presence of Detection Limits, Peanut Science | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | US tHg, Cd, Pb, tAs occurrence in Randomly selected farmer-stock peanut samples from 16 buying points in the Southeast, Southwest, and Virginia-Carolina U.S. growing regions… (n=290) |
| 972 | Chandrangsu et al. 2017. Metal homeostasis and resistance in bacteria, Nature Reviews Microbiology, Vol. 15, pp. 338-350 | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | Bacterial metal homeostasis review covering Cd efflux pump mechanisms and resistance pathways; contextualises Cd effects on gut microbiome composition and bacterial metal-stress signalling |
| 973 | Charles et al. 2017. Health risk assessment of instant noodles commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, tAs, Ni, tHg, Cu, Cd, Al, Cr occurrence in Six commercial instant-noodle brands commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, purchased from retail shops in Choba, Alakahia, Rumuosi,… (n=6) |
| 974 | Chen et al. 2017. Metal Concentrations in Newcomer Women and Environmental Exposures: A Scoping Review, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2017 | Review | CA/US/AU Pb, Cd, tHg, MeHg occurrence in Scoping review of 10 articles reporting blood Pb, Hg, Cd, cord-blood Hg/Pb, or urinary Hg concentrations among newcomer,… |
| 975 | Silva et al. 2017. Determination of heavy metals in the roasted and ground coffee beans and brew, African Journal of Agricultural Research | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | BR Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn occurrence in 50 Coffea arabica samples collected from farms and coffee marketing centers in the Alto Paranaiba region, Minas Gerais,… (n=50) |
| 976 | Lima et al. 2017. Cadmium, lead, tin, total mercury, and methylmercury in canned tuna commercialised in São Paulo, Brazil, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp 185–191 | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | BR Cd, Pb, Sn, tHg, MeHg occurrence in Thirty canned-tuna samples from five commercial brands (the most-sold brands in the Campinas, São Paulo region), three batches… (n=30) |
| 977 | De et al. 2017. Occurrence of cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic in prepared meals in Italy: Potential relevance for intake assessment, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | IT Cd, Pb, tHg, tAs occurrence in Seventeen pooled prepared-meal composites collected from Italian baby food, school canteen, office canteen, fast food, duplicate-portion, vegetarian, and… (n=17) |
| 978 | Galfi et al. 2017. Mineral and Anthropogenic Indicator Inorganics in Urban Stormwater and Snowmelt Runoff: Sources and Mobility Patterns, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | SE Al, Fe, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn occurrence in Stormwater, snowmelt-runoff, and baseflow samples from four urban catchments in Ostersund, Sweden; the paper reports 104 samples across… (n=104) |
| 979 | Gašparík et al. 2017. Levels of Metals in Kidney, Liver, and Muscle Tissue and their Influence on the Fitness for the Consumption of Wild Boar from Western Slovakia, Biological Trace Element Research | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | SK/EU Cd, Pb, tHg, Cu, Zn, Co occurrence in 40 wild boars (Sus scrofa; 20 females, 20 males) hunter-collected in November–December 2009 and 2010 from the Nitra… (n=40) |
| 980 | Gomez-Arroyo et al. 2017. Indicators of environmental contamination by heavy metals in leaves of Taraxacum officinale in two zones of the metropolitan area of Mexico City, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | MX Pb, Cd, Al, Cr, Ni, Mn occurrence in Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) leaves collected at two stations in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City: Centro de Ciencias… |
| 981 | Martin et al. 2017. Heavy-metal contents in oysters (Crassostrea gigas) cultivated on the southeastern coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico, Hidrobiologica | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | MX Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb, tAs, Zn, tHg occurrence in Cultivated Pacific oysters from the southeastern Gulf of California, Mexico |
| 982 | Grimaldi 2017. Proposition 65 Settlement May Establish New Industry Standard for Lead and Cadmium in Chocolate, Grimaldi Law Offices (San Francisco) — attorney commentary article | 2017 | News | US-CA Pb, Cd occurrence in null |
| 983 | Guo et al. 2017. Trace Elements and Heavy Metals in Asian Rice-Derived Food Products, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | US/CN/VN Cr, Cu, Zn, tAs, Se, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in Six rice-noodle products, five rice vinegar/wine products, and five rice-snack products purchased from local oriental markets in Jackson,… (n=16) |
| 984 | HELCOM et al. 2017. Metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) — HELCOM core indicator report, HELCOM Core Indicator Report (HOLAS II component), ISSN 2343-2543 | 2017 | Government report | EU/DE/DK Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in Aggregated monitoring data from the HELCOM COMBINE database (held at ICES) for the assessment period 2011-2015, with all… |
| 985 | Hosojima et al. 2017. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Pilot Trial of Rice Endosperm Protein Supplementation in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients, Scientific Reports | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | JP Cd occurrence in Five batches of rice endosperm protein powder prepared from Japonica rice flour for a maintenance-hemodialysis nutrition intervention in… (n=5) |
| 986 | Syed et al. 2017. Heavy Metals Content in Low-Priced Toys, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 12(5):1499-1509 | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | MY/CN/EU Sb, tAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Ni, Se, Sr, Sn, Zn occurrence in 42 low-priced toys imported from China and purchased from convenience shops in an urban area of Selangor, central… (n=42) |
| 987 | Khalil et al. 2017. Heavy Metals Toxicity: Estimation of Heavy Metals in Branded and Local Snacks Available in the Markets of Peshawar, Pakistan, Professional Medical Journal | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in 96 samples (29 branded, 67 non-branded/local) of potato- and corn-based snacks from four towns of district Peshawar, Pakistan;… (n=96) |
| 988 | Klein et al. 2017. Concentrations of trace elements in human milk: Comparisons among women in Argentina, Namibia, Poland, and the United States, PLOS ONE | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | AR/NA/PL Pb, tAs, Cd occurrence in 70 lactating mothers (Argentina n=21, Namibia n=6, Poland n=23, United States n=20) (n=70) |
| 989 | Kočevar et al. 2017. Accumulation of heavy metals from soil in medicinal plants, Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | SI/EU Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn occurrence in Above-ground parts of four medicinal plant species collected at eight Meža Valley locations in Slovenia, with paired topsoil… (n=32) |
| 990 | Lee et al. 2017. Influence of usage environment from camping cooking utensils on migration of hazardous metals, Korean Journal of Food Preservation | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | KR Pb, tAs, Cd, Ni, Al occurrence in Commercial camping pots and pans made of stainless steel, hard aluminium, soft aluminium, and fluorocarbon-resin-coated material, tested under… (n=36) |
| 991 | Levkov et al. 2017. Content of major and trace elements in raw ewes’ milk used for production of traditional white brined cheese, Slovak Journal of Animal Science | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | MK tAs, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Al, Ba, Ag, Sr occurrence in Twelve raw ewes’ milk samples from households in six Macedonian regions used for traditional white brined cheese production. (n=12) |
| 992 | Li et al. 2017. Cadmium transfer from contaminated soils to the human body through rice consumption in southern Jiangsu Province, China, Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in Seventy paired Indica rice-grain and 0-15 cm soil samples collected at maturity in July 2014 from five areas… (n=70) |
| 993 | Majlesi et al. 2017. The Concentration of Mercury, Cadmium and Lead in Muscular Tissue of Fishes in Khersan River, International Journal of Nutrition Sciences | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | IR/WHO/EU tHg, Cd, Pb occurrence in Wild-caught rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), pike (Esox lucius), and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) muscular tissue from the Khersan… |
| 994 | Mirosławski et al. 2017. Determination of the Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, and Lead Ions Relays in Selected Polish Medicinal Plants and Their Infusion, Biological Trace Element Research | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | PL Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb occurrence in Five peppermint-leaf preparations and five chamomile-blossom preparations from Polish pharmacy retail, with three package-level samples per producer; all… (n=10) |
| 995 | Nejabat et al. 2017. Health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of wheat in Golestan Province, Iran, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal (accepted manuscript, 24 Apr 2017) | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn occurrence in Thirty-five wheat-grain bulk composites collected from 35 silos in Golestan province, northern Iran (mis-rendered as ‘silages’ in the… (n=35) |
| 996 | Jitender et al. 2017. Heavy Metals in Soil and Vegetables and their Effect on Health, International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | IN Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni occurrence in Vegetables grown on domestic-wastewater-irrigated farmland around Hisar district, Haryana, India |
| 997 | Pappalardo et al. 2017. Heavy metal content and molecular species identification in canned tuna: Insights into human food safety, Molecular Medicine Reports | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | IT Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Ten popular brands of canned tuna sold in Italian supermarkets, five in olive oil and five in brine;… (n=10) |
| 998 | Pazi et al. 2017. Potential risk assessment of metals in edible fish species for human consumption from the Eastern Aegean Sea, Marine Pollution Bulletin | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | TR tHg, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn occurrence in Four edible fish species collected by bottom trawling from Aliaga Bay and Izmir Bay on the Turkish Eastern… (n=320) |
| 999 | Salhotra et al. 2017. Determination of heavy metals contamination in some vegetables and fruits samples from the market of Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh State, IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Co occurrence in vegetable and fruit samples from Jagdalpur market, Chhattisgarh State, India (n=ten vegetables and fruits) |
| 1000 | Santos et al. 2017. Arsenic, cadmium and lead concentrations in Yerba mate commercialized in Southern Brazil by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Ciencia Rural | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | BR tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Yerba mate samples marketed in Parana, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (n=104) |
| 1001 | Senior et al. 2017. Baseline Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Wayne County, Pennsylvania, 2014, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5073 | 2017 | Government report | US As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Li, Mo, Ni, Zn, Ba, Fe, Mn, Sr, U occurrence in Eighty-nine domestic wells sampled in Wayne County, Pennsylvania, during July-September 2014 for baseline groundwater quality before potential extensive… (n=89) |
| 1002 | Shirani et al. 2017. Concentration of heavy metals in Iranian market rice and associated population health risk, Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | IR/IN/PK tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in 120 packed rice samples collected from local agricultural agencies and retail markets in Mashhad, Iran. Samples were grouped… (n=120) |
| 1003 | Slepecka et al. 2017. Evaluation of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper levels in selected ecological cereal food products and their non-ecological counterparts, Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 30(3):147-150 | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | PL Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu occurrence in 10 ecological and 10 non-ecological cereal products (flour, flakes, bran) from different producers and regions of Poland; product… (n=20) |
| 1004 | Song et al. 2017. Dietary cadmium exposure assessment among the Chinese population, PLoS ONE 12(5): e0177978 | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in 228,687 food samples collected from supermarkets, local markets, and field harvest sites across 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and… (n=228687) |
| 1005 | Trumbull et al. 2017. Children’s Seasonal Products Report 2014-2015, Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Publication 16-04-029 (January 2017) | 2017 | Regulatory | US-WA/US Sb, tAs, Cd, Co, Pb, tHg, Mo occurrence in 189 component samples submitted for laboratory metals analysis, sub-sampled (by XRF prioritisation) from 6,878 individual components separated from… (n=189) |
| 1006 | Alzagtat et al. 2016. Conformity of Fruit Nectar Samples to Libyan Specification Standards, Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | LY Cu, Zn, Fe, tAs, Pb, Cd occurrence in Local and imported fruit nectar samples from Libyan markets |
| 1007 | Ash et al. 2016. Sustainable Soil Washing: Shredded Card Filtration of Potentially Toxic Elements after Leaching from Soil Using Organic Acid Solutions, PLOS ONE | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | CZ tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Two contaminated soil horizons from near Pribram, Czech Republic, leached for 24 h with oxalic acid, formic acid,… |
| 1008 | Ataee et al. 2016. Application of microwave-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for ultra-trace determination of lead and cadmium in cereals and agricultural products, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 96(3):271-283 | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd occurrence in 21 cereal composites (7 grain types — rice, wheat, barley, peas, beans, corn, lentil — × 3 local… (n=21) |
| 1009 | Brzezicha-Cirocka et al. 2016. Bio- and toxic elements in edible wild mushrooms from two regions of potentially different environmental conditions in eastern Poland, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Cd, Ag, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn occurrence in Pooled edible wild mushroom samples from Morag, north-eastern Poland, and the Tarnobrzeska Plain, south-eastern Poland; seven species with… (n=213) |
| 1010 | Brzezicha-Cirocka et al. 2016. Monitoring of essential and heavy metals in green tea from different geographical origins, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in leaves and infusions of 41 green teas from China, India, and Japan; Indian teas showed highest Cd leaching (43.8%), Chinese lowest (9.41%); geographic origin differentiates Cd exposure risk |
| 1011 | Bua et al. 2016. Heavy metals in aromatic spices by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | IT Cd, tHg, tAs, Pb occurrence in Seven cinnamon, curcuma, and ginger spice samples traded in the Italian market, with origins listed as Indonesia, Madagascar,… (n=7) |
| 1012 | Engel et al. 2016. Pretty Scary 2: Unmasking Toxic Chemicals in Kids’ Makeup, Breast Cancer Fund; Campaign for Safe Cosmetics (October 2016) | 2016 | Nonprofit | US Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs, tHg occurrence in 48 individual face-paint colors from 14 Halloween face-paint kits ordered from an online Halloween retailer in 2016 and… (n=48) |
| 1013 | Colapinto et al. 2016. Is there a relationship between tea intake and maternal whole blood heavy metal concentrations?, Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | CA Pb, tHg, Cd, tAs, Mn occurrence in Pregnant participants in the Canadian MIREC cohort, enrolled at gestational age >=20 weeks across Canada during 2009-2012; first… (n=1954) |
| 1014 | FSA 2016. Survey of metals in commercial infant foods, infant formula and non-infant specific foods, UK Food Standards Agency report FS102048 | 2016 | Government report | UK FSA survey of Cd and 15 other elements in 47 infant formulas and 200 commercial baby foods; category-level Cd averages across formula formats and solid food groupings for UK market |
| 1015 | Food Safety Authority of 2016. Report on a Total Diet Study Carried out by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland in the Period 2012–2014, FSAI Chemical Monitoring and Surveillance Series | 2016 | Government report | IE/EU Al, tAs, iAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, tHg, Sn occurrence in 141 food samples (1,043 sub-samples) representing the Irish diet; adults n=1,500 (NANS, age 18+, 2008–2010) and children n=594… (n=141) |
| 1016 | Govarts et al. 2016. Combined Effects of Prenatal Exposures to Environmental Chemicals on Birth Weight, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | BE tAs, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, MeHg, Tl occurrence in FLEHS II mother-child cohort: 248 uncomplicated singleton newborn-mother pairs recruited from the general Flemish population between August 2008… (n=248) |
| 1017 | AMMM et al. 2016. Environmental surveillance of commonly-grown vegetables for investigating potential lead and chromium contamination intensification in Bangladesh, SpringerPlus | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in Commonly grown vegetables collected across all 64 districts of Bangladesh: white potato, green cabbage, red spinach, white radish,… (n=292) |
| 1018 | Hussain et al. 2016. The Cd:Zn ratio in a soil affects Cd toxicity in spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.), Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | PK Cd, Zn, Pb occurrence in Glasshouse pot experiment at the University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, with four Cd/Zn soil treatments and three replicates… (n=3) |
| 1019 | Izah et al. 2016. A Review of Heavy Metal Concentration and Potential Health Implications of Beverages Consumed in Nigeria, Toxics | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | NG/GLOBAL Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, Cu, Mn, Zn occurrence in Narrative review of secondary data from Nigerian beverage studies published 2007-2016. No new measurements. Section 2 states the… |
| 1020 | Joyce et al. 2016. Effects of Different Cooking Methods on Heavy Metals Level in Fresh and Smoked Game Meat, Journal of Food Processing & Technology | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | GH Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn occurrence in Bush-meat carcasses from cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) and giant rat sold in Atwemunom Market and Central Market (Kumasi)… (n=35) |
| 1021 | Kelishadi et al. 2016. A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of Jujube Fruit on the Concentrations of Some Toxic Trace Elements in Human Milk, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 21(1):94 | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | RCT on jujube supplementation for lactating mothers; Cd baseline in Iranian breast milk with no significant reduction from jujube; provides Iranian breast-milk Cd reference values |
| 1022 | Lalotra et al. 2016. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the sporocarps of some wild mushrooms, Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | IN Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Cd, Pb occurrence in Three wild mushroom species collected in Jammu and Kashmir, India, with cap, stipe, fruiting-body, and substrate measurements; only… (n=3) |
| 1023 | Lalotra et al. 2016. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the sporocarps of some wild mushrooms, Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn occurrence in Three wild macrofungi from forest areas in Jammu Province, India: Macrolepiota procera (edible), Amanita augusta (non-edible), and Boletus… (n=3) |
| 1024 | Users 2016. Comparative Testing: Baby Pacifier and Sippy Cups, Malaysian Association of Standards Users (Standards Users), Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. Comparative testing report (undated; filename year 2016). | 2016 | NGO report | MY Pb, Cd, tAs, Sb, Cr, tHg occurrence in Eight infant-contact products purchased from Malaysian retail in 2016 for comparative consumer testing: six pacifiers/soothers (Symmetrical Soother, Silicone… (n=8) |
| 1025 | Matloob 2016. Using Stripping Voltammetry to Determine Heavy Metals in Cooking Spices Used in Iraq, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Co, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in 32 natural spice types sold in Babil, Iraq, five samples per spice (n=160) |
| 1026 | Nguyen et al. 2016. Exposure of women to trace elements through the skin by direct contact with underwear clothing, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | Ag, Al, tAs, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, tHg, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, V, Zn occurrence in Women undergarments: 63 cotton, 44 nylon, and 13 polyester samples manufactured in 14 countries and purchased as direct-skin-contact… (n=120) |
| 1027 | Oladoye et al. 2016. Evaluation of Effects of Heavy Metal Contents of Some Common Spices Available in Odo-Ori Market, Iwo, Nigeria, Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | NG Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb occurrence in Eight spice samples purchased in October 2015 from a retail shop in Odo-Ori Market, Iwo, Nigeria: four natural… (n=8) |
| 1028 | Orisakwe et al. 2016. Potential Hazards of Toxic Metals Found in Toothpastes Commonly Used in Nigeria, Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 67(2):197-204 | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni occurrence in Thirty-five toothpaste products purchased from supermarkets and shopping malls in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, in March 2013;… (n=35) |
| 1029 | Pacquette et al. 2016. Simultaneous Determination of Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead in Raw Ingredients, Nutritional Products, and Infant Formula by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Single-Laboratory Validation, Journal of AOAC International, Vol. 99, No. 3, pp. 766-779 | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | AOAC single-laboratory ICP-MS validation for simultaneous As, Cd, Hg, and Pb determination in infant formula and raw ingredients; method performance basis for formula Cd surveillance datasets |
| 1030 | X-D et al. 2016. Levels and potential health risk of heavy metals in marketed vegetables in Zhejiang, China, Scientific Reports | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, Cd, Cr, tHg, Ni, Pb occurrence in Five thousand seven hundred eighty-five vegetable samples of 28 species collected from Zhejiang province, China, from March to… (n=5785) |
| 1031 | Piccinini et al. 2016. Safety of tattoos and permanent make-up. Final report, JRC Science for Policy report EUR 27947 EN, JRC101601; prepared for DG JUST under Administrative Arrangement N. 2014-33617 | 2016 | Government report | EU/CH/DE tAs, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cr-VI, Cu, tHg, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Sn, Zn occurrence in JRC synthesis of RAPEX notifications and national tattoo/permanent-make-up ink surveillance: 126 RAPEX alerts for tattoo/PMU inks through 2015… |
| 1032 | Pollard 2016. Heavy Metal Tolerance and Accumulation in Plants of the Southeastern United States, Castanea | 2016 | Review | US Ni, Mn, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, tAs occurrence in Foliar tissue (N=146 leaf samples across five woody species sampled June/July/October 2005) and serpentine soils (8 sampling dates… (n=146) |
| 1033 | Ramtahal et al. 2016. Relationships between cadmium in tissues of cacao trees and soils in plantations of Trinidad and Tobago, Food and Nutrition Sciences | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | Cd in five tissues of 45 Trinidad and Tobago cacao plantations across all seven soil types; leaf and pod Cd strongly predict bean Cd (r = 0.76–0.79), enabling pre-harvest screening |
| 1034 | Parjikolaei et al. 2016. Valuable Biomolecules from Nine North Atlantic Red Macroalgae: Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, Carotenoids, Minerals and Metals, Natural Resources | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | DK tAs, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se occurrence in Nine North Atlantic red macroalgae species collected in Denmark, with three replicates per species for the metals figure. (n=27) |
| 1035 | Qandashtani et al. 2016. Heavy metals in rice samples on the Torbat-Heidarieh market, Iran, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, Surveillance | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | IR/IN/PK tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in 210 packed long-grain (Indica) rice samples drawn from 10 imported rice types available in retail stores in Torbat-Heidarieh… (n=210) |
| 1036 | Sattler et al. 2016. Essential minerals and inorganic contaminants (barium, cadmium, lithium, lead and vanadium) in dried bee pollen produced in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, Food Science and Technology | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | BR Ba, Cd, Pb, V, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn occurrence in Five unprocessed bee-pollen samples from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, collected in August-October 2011 and analyzed as… (n=5) |
| 1037 | Sattler et al. 2016. Essential minerals and inorganic contaminants (barium, cadmium, lithium, lead and vanadium) in dried bee pollen produced in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, Food Science and Technology 36(3):505-509 | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | BR Ba, Cd, Li, Pb, V, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn, Fe occurrence in Five dehydrated bee-pollen samples from apiaries in Cruz Alta and Sao Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, collected… (n=5) |
| 1038 | Sekerak 2016. Cadmium and Other Metals in Children’s Jewelry, Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Assessment Program, Publication 16-03-007 (March 2016) | 2016 | Regulatory | US Pb, Cd, Sb, tAs, Co, tHg, Mo occurrence in 38 component samples sub-sampled from 159 children’s jewelry products purchased September-October 2015 from 15 large south-Puget-Sound retail stores… (n=38) |
| 1039 | Chaleshtori et al. 2016. A review of heavy metals in rice (Oryza sativa) of Iran, Toxin Reviews | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | IR Cd, tAs, Pb, Cr, Co, Ni, tHg occurrence in Systematic review aggregating 28 prior studies on heavy metals in rice (Oryza sativa) cultivated in or imported into… (n=28) |
| 1040 | Sharma et al. 2016. Heavy metals in vegetables: screening health risks involved in cultivation along wastewater drain and irrigating with wastewater, SpringerPlus | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | IN Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Fe occurrence in Edible portions of 12 common vegetable types from three Amritsar, Punjab agricultural sites, collected in triplicate per vegetable/site. (n=108) |
| 1041 | Signes-Pastor et al. 2016. Geographical variation in inorganic arsenic in paddy field samples and commercial rice from the Iberian Peninsula, Food Chemistry | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | iAs in Iberian Peninsula rice, including Cd data (consistently near LOD in grain); regional iAs variation contextualises concurrent low Cd in European paddy rice |
| 1042 | Smolikova et al. 2016. Determination of heavy metals in fish products, MendelNet 2016: Proceedings of International PhD Students Conference, pp. 651-656 | 2016 | Conference proceedings | CZ/EU tHg, Cd, Pb occurrence in 33 species of fish purchased in Brno City (Czech Republic) markets from 17 FAO localities, September 2015–June 2016;… (n=159) |
| 1043 | Suvarapu et al. 2016. Determination of heavy metals in the ambient atmosphere: A review, Toxicology and Industrial Health 33(1): 79–96 | 2016 | Review | CN/IN/KR Pb, Cd, tHg, MeHg, Cr, Cr-VI, tAs, Ni, Al, Cu, Zn, Mn, V, Co occurrence in Narrative review of approximately 70 quality research papers on heavy metal determination in ambient air (TSPM, PM10, PM2.5)… |
| 1044 | Tavakkoli et al. 2016. Environmental and occupational exposure to cadmium in Iran: a systematic review, Reviews on Environmental Health | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | IR Cd occurrence in Systematic review aggregating 18 prior Iranian biomonitoring studies (of 25 retrieved) on environmental and occupational human cadmium exposure,… (n=18) |
| 1045 | Unaegbu et al. 2016. Heavy metal, nutrient and antioxidant status of selected fruit samples sold in Enugu, Nigeria, International Journal of Food Contamination | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | NG/US/ZA Ni, Cd, Pb occurrence in Ten fruit samples representing apple, pineapple, orange, watermelon, and banana sold in Ogbete market, Enugu, Nigeria; source table… (n=10) |
| 1046 | Vičarová et al. 2016. Heavy metals in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from three reservoirs in the Czech Republic, Czech Journal of Food Sciences | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | CZ/EU Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in 75 common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), 25 from each of three reservoirs (Pilská, Domaninský, Matějovský) in the Bohemian-Moravian… (n=75) |
| 1047 | Vitola et al. 2016. The Effect of Cocoa Beans Heavy and Trace Elements on Safety and Stability of Confectionery Products, Rural Sustainability Research 35(330):19-23 | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | CM/EC/NG tHg, tAs, Pb, Cd, Al, Zn, Se occurrence in Forastero cocoa-bean lots from Cameroon, Ecuador, Nigeria, and Ghana, sampled from 10 bags per origin and analyzed with… (n=4) |
| 1048 | Wan et al. 2016. Preliminary Assessment of Health Risks of Potentially Toxic Elements in Settled Dust over Beijing Urban Area, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | CN V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb occurrence in Sixty-two settled-dust samples collected mostly from outdoor surfaces of residential buildings in the Beijing urban area in spring… (n=62) |
| 1049 | Caterbow et al. 2016. Women and Chemicals: The impact of hazardous chemicals on women — A thought starter based on an experts’ workshop, Women in Europe for a Common Future (WECF) / Women International for a Common Future (WICF), in cooperation with UNEP (Geneva expert workshop 2014; publication completed mid-2015; ©2016 WECF) | 2016 | NGO report | global/EU/CN Pb, tHg, tAs, Cd, Cr-VI occurrence in Not applicable — scoping / policy review document, not a measurement study. The single embedded quantitative dataset reported… |
| 1050 | Xu et al. 2016. Which Factors Determine Metal Accumulation in Agricultural Soils in the Severely Human-Coupled Ecosystem?, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, Cd, Cu, tHg, Ni, Pb, Zn occurrence in One hundred thirty-four composite surface-soil samples from agricultural sites in Beijing, collected in 2011 according to the distribution… (n=134) |
| 1051 | Zhao et al. 2016. Seafood consumption among Chinese coastal residents and health risk assessment of heavy metals in seafood, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, Cr, tHg, tAs occurrence in One hundred fifty-six market samples of 14 high-intake seafood types from six district regions of Xiamen, China; consumption… (n=156) |
| 1052 | Adegbola et al. 2015. Evaluation of some heavy metal contaminants in biscuits, fruit drinks, concentrates, candy, milk products and carbonated drinks sold in Ibadan, Nigeria, International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | NG Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd occurrence in Twelve sweet and milk-sweet brands, six biscuit brands, eleven fruit and flavoured concentrate brands, and five liquid drink… (n=34) |
| 1053 | Aghamirlou et al. 2015. Heavy metals determination in honey samples using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | IR tAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu occurrence in Multifloral honey samples from four regions of Ardabil province, Iran, collected from individual beekeepers in 2013 (n=25) |
| 1054 | Bhoyroo et al. 2015. Detection of heavy metals bio-accumulation in scombrids for the determination of possible health hazard, African Journal of Food Science and Technology 6(4):098-107 | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | MU Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, tHg, tAs occurrence in Muscle tissue from yellowfin tuna, dogtooth tuna, marlin, and dorado caught in the Mauritian EEZ and sold/consumed as… (n=Four commercially edible pelagic fish species sampled in summer and winter from the Exclusive Economic Zone of Mauritius; per-species replicate counts not extractable from the text layer.) |
| 1055 | F-D et al. 2015. Vertical distribution and analysis of micro-, macroelements and heavy metals in the system soil-grapevine-wine in vineyard from North-West Romania, Chemistry Central Journal | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | RO Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co occurrence in Three Vitis vinifera cultivars (Feteasca albă, Feteasca regală, Riesling italian) grown in one 4-ha vineyard at Turulung (Satu… (n=3) |
| 1056 | Coghlan et al. 2015. Combined DNA, toxicological and heavy metal analyses provides an auditing toolkit to improve pharmacovigilance of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Scientific Reports 5:17475 | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | AU tAs, Pb, Cd occurrence in Twenty-six traditional Chinese medicine products audited in Australia; 25 screened for heavy metals by SF-ICP-MS because one aqueous… (n=26) |
| 1057 | Heckmann et al. 2015. CMR Substances in Toys – Market Surveillance and Risk Assessment, Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products No. 141, 2015. Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Copenhagen. ISBN 978-87-93352-79-7. | 2015 | Regulatory agency report | DK/EU Sn, Al, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Sb, tAs occurrence in Phase 2 chemical analyses: 28 toy products extracted by the Danish EPA’s Chemical Inspection Service (CIS) from 30… (n=28) |
| 1058 | Dghaim et al. 2015. Determination of Heavy Metals Concentration in Traditional Herbs Commonly Consumed in the United Arab Emirates, Journal of Environmental and Public Health | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | UAE Pb, Cd occurrence in Seven traditional herbs (parsley, basil, sage, oregano, mint, thyme, chamomile) purchased from 13 sources in Dubai markets; fresh… (n=81) |
| 1059 | Ding et al. 2015. Heavy Metal Complexation of Thiol-Containing Peptides from Soy Glycinin Hydrolysates, International Journal of Molecular Sciences | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | tHg, Cd, Pb occurrence in Nine purified thiol-containing-peptide (TCP) preparations from soy glycinin (11S) hydrolysates — three proteases (alcalase, papain, pepsin) × three… |
| 1060 | Fasahat 2015. Recent progress in understanding cadmium toxicity and tolerance in rice, Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | Cd occurrence in Narrative review of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) cadmium-toxicity-and-tolerance literature through 2014; no primary measurements |
| 1061 | Baxter et al. 2015. Total Diet Study of metals and other elements in food, Food and Environment Research Agency report for the UK Food Standards Agency, Fera report 15/06, project FS102081 | 2015 | Government report | GB Pb, Cd, iAs, tAs, tHg, Ni, Al, Cr, Sn, Sb occurrence in 3312 retail food samples from 24 UK locations, combined into 138 food categories and 28 food groups, all… (n=3312) |
| 1062 | Godwill et al. 2015. Determination of some soft drink constituents and contamination by some heavy metals in Nigeria, Toxicology Reports | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Twenty-six soft-drink and juice samples purchased from local grocery stores in Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria; sample names are… (n=26) |
| 1063 | Hidalgo et al. 2015. Toxic Trace Element Contents in Gluten-free Cereal Bars Marketed in Argentina, International Journal of Celiac Disease 3(1):12-16 | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | AR tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Seventy-two commercial gluten-free cereal bars marketed in Argentina, grouped by flavor/main formulation into apple, blueberry, chocolate, coconut, honey,… (n=72) |
| 1064 | Islam et al. 2015. The concentration, source and potential human health risk of heavy metals in the commonly consumed foods in Bangladesh, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | BD Cr, Ni, Cu, tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Commonly consumed meat, egg, fish, milk, vegetable, cereal, and fruit foods collected from agriculture fields, farms, river, and… |
| 1065 | Iyabo et al. 2015. Toxic and Essential Metals in Staple Foods Commonly Consumed by Students in Ekiti State, South West, Nigeria, International Journal of Chemistry | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | NG Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb occurrence in Thirty listed staple food items identified from a questionnaire of 200 volunteered Ekiti State University students and purchased… (n=30) |
| 1066 | Jaishree et al. 2015. Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables irrigated with industrial effluent, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | IN Cd, Ni, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn occurrence in Vegetables and wheat grown under industrial-effluent irrigation conditions in India |
| 1067 | Karimi et al. 2015. Heavy Metal Contamination of Popular Nail Polishes in Iran, Iranian Journal of Toxicology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | IR/CN/IT Cd, tAs, Cr, Pb, Ni occurrence in One hundred fifty nail-polish samples in 13 colours purchased from beauty shops in Tehran, Iran, in 2014; sample… (n=150) |
| 1068 | Khan et al. 2015. The uptake and bioaccumulation of heavy metals by food plants, their effects on plants nutrients, and associated health risk: a review, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2015 | Review | Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Al, Cr, Zn, Cu occurrence in Narrative review of global literature on heavy metal accumulation in food plants |
| 1069 | Li et al. 2015. A comparison of the potential health risk of aluminum and heavy metals in tea leaves and tea infusion of commercially available green tea in Jiangxi, China, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and five other metals in Jiangxi green tea leaves and sequential infusions; mean Cd in leaves 0.055 mg/kg, all THQ <1 for infusions, supporting low noncarcinogenic health risk from Chinese green tea |
| 1070 | Lim et al. 2015. Korean research project on the integrated exposure assessment of hazardous substances for food safety, Environmental Health and Toxicology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | Korean KRIEFS nationwide dietary Cd exposure (n=4,867); median Cd 0.18 µg/kg bw/day; seaweed highest Cd concentration (594 µg/kg), providing Asian-diet population-level Cd benchmark |
| 1071 | Lo et al. 2015. Simultaneous Determination of As, Cu, Cr, Se, Sn, Cd, Sb and Pb Levels in Infant Formulas by ICP-MS after Microwave-Assisted Digestion: Method Validation, Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | IT tAs, Cr, Sn, Cd, Pb, Sb occurrence in infant formula samples analyzed during ICP-MS method validation |
| 1072 | Mania et al. 2015. Toxic Elements in Commercial Infant Food, Estimated Dietary Intake, and Risk Assessment in Poland, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg occurrence in Approximately 1,000 commercial infant-food samples collected from retail markets in all Polish provinces during the 2009-2013 sanitary-epidemiological monitoring… (n=1000) |
| 1073 | Mohiuddin et al. 2015. Assessment of nutritional composition and heavy metal content in some edible mushroom varieties collected from different areas of Bangladesh, Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn occurrence in Edible mushroom varieties collected from Bangladesh in early 2014, including Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus bisporus, Volvariella volvacea, and Ganoderma… (n=31) |
| 1074 | Mohod 2015. A review on the concentration of the heavy metals in vegetable samples like spinach and tomato grown near the area of Amba Nalla of Amravati City, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn occurrence in spinach leaf and tomato grown near Amba Nalla, Amravati City, India (n=not reported in abstract) |
| 1075 | Moradi et al. 2015. A Human Health Risk Assessment of Soil and Crops Contaminated by Heavy Metals in Industrial Regions, Central Iran, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal (accepted manuscript, 29 Sep 2015) | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | IR/EU/US Cd, Pb, Ni, Fe occurrence in Twenty-seven edible-crop samples and 27 paired topsoil (0–20 cm) samples drawn from three regions of Isfahan province, central… (n=27) |
| 1076 | Mostofa et al. 2015. Hydrogen sulfide modulates cadmium-induced physiological and biochemical responses to alleviate cadmium toxicity in rice, Scientific Reports | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | Cd occurrence in Oryza sativa L. cv. BRRI dhan52 seedlings, 13 days old at exposure, hydroponic culture; three independent replications per… |
| 1077 | Naseri et al. 2015. Concentration of Some Heavy Metals in Rice Types Available in Shiraz Market and Human Health Risk Assessment, Food Chemistry (accepted manuscript, 18 Nov 2014; in print 2015) | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | IR/IN/TH Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co occurrence in Fifty rice analytical sub-samples drawn from 210 retail rice packs (each 15–20 kg) purchased from retail stores in… (n=50) |
| 1078 | Nordberg et al. 2015. Cadmium (Chapter 32), in Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, Fourth Edition, Volume II: Specific Metals, Academic Press / Elsevier, Amsterdam | 2015 | Textbook chapter | Canonical Handbook of Toxicology of Metals chapter 32 on Cd: toxicokinetics, renal tubular endpoint, bone demineralization, IARC Group 1 classification, biomarker methods, and all major regulatory reference values |
| 1079 | Odhiambo et al. 2015. Toxic trace elements in different brands of milk infant formulae in Nairobi market, Kenya, African Journal of Food Science | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | KE Al, Cd, Pb, Ni occurrence in Seven imported cow-milk infant formula powder products for infants aged 0-6 months, purchased from stores in Nairobi County,… (n=7) |
| 1080 | Ojekunle et al. 2015. Effectiveness of neem, cashew and mango trees in the uptake of heavy metals in mechanic village, Nigeria, African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Pb, Cu occurrence in Soil collected near neem, cashew, and mango trees in an Abeokuta mechanic village and a FUNAAB farmland control,… |
| 1081 | Paula et al. 2015. Effects of Pre- and Post-Harvest Factors on the Selected Elements Contents in Fruit Juices, Czech Journal of Food Sciences | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | PT Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe occurrence in 62 packs of 100% fruit juices acquired randomly from major supermarkets in Portugal; samples covered multiple fruit species,… (n=62) |
| 1082 | Pirsaheb et al. 2015. Essential and toxic heavy metals in cereals and agricultural products marketed in Kermanshah, Iran, and human health risk assessment, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, Surveillance | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu occurrence in 150 packed cereal samples representing 7 commodity types (rice, wheat, corn, peas, lentil, bean, split peas) collected from… (n=150) |
| 1083 | Salawu et al. 2015. Determination of some selected heavy metals in spinach and irrigated water from Samaru Area within Gusau Metropolis in Zamfara State, Nigeria, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu, Zn occurrence in spinach and irrigation water from Samaru Area, Gusau Metropolis, Zamfara State, Nigeria (n=triplicate measurements) |
| 1084 | Savic et al. 2015. The Presence of Minerals in Clear Orange Juices, Advanced Technologies | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | RS Ag, Al, tAs, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn occurrence in Seven clear orange-juice samples with 50% fruit content, produced by different manufacturers and purchased from the local market… (n=7) |
| 1085 | Shine et al. 2015. Phytochelatin synthase is required for tolerating metal toxicity in a basidiomycete yeast and is a conserved factor involved in metal homeostasis in fungi, Fungal Biology and Biotechnology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Cu, Zn, iAs occurrence in Fungal genetics in three yeast species: Sporobolomyces sp. strain IAM 13481 (Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycota) — wild type, ura5 auxotroph… |
| 1086 | Vaishaly et al. 2015. Health effects caused by metal contaminated ground water, International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research | 2015 | Review | Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn occurrence in Narrative review of human-health effects from heavy metals in contaminated groundwater. The three authors (Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri… |
| 1087 | Woldegiorgis et al. 2015. Major, Minor and Toxic Minerals and Anti-Nutrients Composition in Edible Mushrooms Collected from Ethiopia, Journal of Food Processing & Technology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | ET Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn occurrence in Twelve edible mushroom types or species collected in Ethiopia, including cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes, Agaricus bisporus, and… (n=12) |
| 1088 | Zakaria et al. 2015. Heavy metals contamination in lipsticks and their associated health risks to lipstick consumers, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | MY/US/KR Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in Fifteen lipstick products selected from the five most popular products in each of three price categories among surveyed… (n=15) |
| 1089 | Zemanova et al. 2015. Changes in the contents of amino acids and the profile of fatty acids in response to cadmium contamination in spinach, Plant, Soil and Environment | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | CZ Cd occurrence in Spinach cv. Matador grown in a controlled pot experiment in Prague with four Cd soil-dose treatments and four… (n=96) |
| 1090 | Zerihun et al. 2015. Levels of selected metals in leaves of Cannabis sativa L. cultivated in Ethiopia, SpringerPlus | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | ET Ca, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr occurrence in Cannabis sativa L. leaves from four Ethiopian regions: Butajira, Metema, Sheshemene, and Mekelle. Three regional samples were collected… (n=4) |
| 1091 | Al-Rajhi 2014. Determination the concentration of some metals in imported canned food and chicken stock, American Journal of Environmental Sciences | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | SA Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, tAs, Se, Al occurrence in Coded imported canned-food and chicken-stock samples purchased from supermarkets around Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; methods text says 21 types… (n=13) |
| 1092 | Darko et al. 2014. Heavy metal content in mixed and unmixed seasonings on the Ghanaian market, African Journal of Food Science | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | GH Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Twenty-two powdered mixed and unmixed seasoning samples purchased at random from local shops and hawkers in the Asafo,… (n=22) |
| 1093 | Foundation 2014. The dirt on toxic chemicals in household cleaning products, David Suzuki Foundation (consumer-education article, web copy archived as PDF) | 2014 | NGO report | CA As, Cd, Pb occurrence in Not applicable: consumer-education article; no original sampling, no analytical measurements. Compiled from cited secondary sources (ATSDR ToxFAQs sheets,… |
| 1094 | FSA 2014. Survey of metals and other elements in commercial infant foods, infant formula and non-infant specific foods, Food Standards Agency report | 2014 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, iAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn occurrence in Forty-seven infant formula samples, 200 commercial infant foods, and 50 composite ‘other foods’ samples purchased from UK retail… (n=297) |
| 1095 | Gu et al. 2014. Determination and Safety Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Canned Fish from Liaoning Province, Asian Journal of Chemistry | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Sn, Zn occurrence in Seven kinds of canned fish randomly purchased from retail outlets in 14 cities in Liaoning Province, China, January-May… |
| 1096 | Guan et al. 2014. Current Situation and the Harm of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Food Safety, Applied Mechanics and Materials | 2014 | Review | CN Pb, Cd, tHg, Zn occurrence in No original data; qualitative narrative review of soil heavy metal pollution sources and food safety implications, primarily referencing… |
| 1097 | Hepp et al. 2014. Survey of cosmetics for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, mercury, and nickel content, Journal of Cosmetic Science 65: 125-145 (May/June 2014) | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, tHg, Ni occurrence in 150 cosmetic products of 12 types sold on the U.S. market, purchased April 22 - August 16, 2011… (n=150) |
| 1098 | Hoha et al. 2014. Heavy metals contamination levels in processed meat marketed in Romania, Environmental Engineering and Management Journal | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | RO Pb, Cd occurrence in Bacon (n=6), ham (n=6), sausage (n=12), and salami (n=12) purchased from four commercial centers in Iasi, Romania; produced… (n=36) |
| 1099 | Huang et al. 2014. Heavy metals in vegetables and the health risk to population in Zhejiang, China, Food Control | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in Three hundred forty-three vegetable samples of 11 usual types collected in Zhejiang, China, from March to October 2012. (n=343) |
| 1100 | Kelishadi et al. 2014. A randomized controlled trial on the effects of jujube fruit on the concentrations of some toxic trace elements in human milk, Iran Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research | 2014 | Peer reviewed journal article | Cited reference from Iran Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research |
| 1101 | Islam et al. 2014. Heavy Metals in Cereals and Pulses: Health Implications in Bangladesh, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | BD Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Composite samples of rice, wheat, maize, lentil, and black gram collected from agricultural fields in the Bogra district… (n=144) |
| 1102 | Kazimov et al. 2014. Examination and Hygienic Assessment of Health Risk Depending on Heavy Metals Content in Foods, Kazanskiy Meditsinskiy Zhurnal (Kazan Medical Journal), vol. 95, no. 5, pp. 706–709 | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | AZ Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni occurrence in 57 adults (28 men, 29 women, age 19–49) from Baku, Azerbaijan; 18 food items analyzed; blood and hair… (n=57) |
| 1103 | Llorent-Martínez et al. 2014. Quantitation of Metals During the Extraction of Virgin Olive Oil from Olives Using ICP-MS after Microwave-assisted Acid Digestion, Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | ES/EU Al, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, tAs, Cd, Sb, Pb occurrence in Picual, Hojiblanca, and Arbequina olive fruits collected January 2012/13 from an irrigated orchard in Jaén (Andalusia), Spain; analyzed… |
| 1104 | Lutfullah et al. 2014. Comparative study of heavy metals in dried and fluid milk in Peshawar by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, The Scientific World Journal | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | Cd and nine other metals in 46 dried and fluid milk samples from Peshawar, Pakistan; broad formula-powder context for Cd in South Asian dairy products; Cd detection by AAS |
| 1105 | Mansour 2014. Monitoring and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Food, Practical Food Safety: Contemporary Issues and Future Directions (Wiley-Blackwell) | 2014 | Book chapter | EG Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Cr occurrence in Review chapter covering analytical methods and health risk assessment frameworks for heavy metal contamination in food; includes some… |
| 1106 | Rebeniak et al. 2014. Exposure to lead and cadmium released from ceramics and glassware intended to come into contact with food, Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny / Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene 2014;65(4):301-309 | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Pb, Cd occurrence in 1,273 ceramic and glassware items (mainly decorated) sampled from the Polish retail market 2010–2012 by Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations across… (n=1273) |
| 1107 | Sahu et al. 2014. Heavy Metals in Cosmetics, Centre for Science and Environment Pollution Monitoring Laboratory report PML/PR-45/2014 | 2014 | Nonprofit | IN Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, tHg occurrence in Seventy-three cosmetic products purchased from markets in Delhi: 30 lipsticks, 8 lip balms, and 3 anti-ageing creams tested… (n=73) |
| 1108 | Sipahi et al. 2014. Safety assessment of essential and toxic metals in infant formulas, The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 56(4):385-391 | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, Al, Mn, Cr, and Co in 63 Turkish infant foods and formulas (cereal-based, milk-based, mixed); documents Cd in infant formula as higher than breast milk, recommending breastfeeding preference |
| 1109 | Stasinos et al. 2014. The Bioaccumulation and Physiological Effects of Heavy Metals in Carrots, Onions, and Potatoes and Dietary Implications for Cr and Ni: A Review, Journal of Food Science | 2014 | Review | GR/LV/US Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Al occurrence in Review of global studies on carrots, onions, and potatoes from polluted irrigation water contexts |
| 1110 | Ziyaina et al. 2014. Lead and cadmium residue determination in spices available in Tripoli City markets (Libya), African Journal of Biochemistry Research | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | LY Pb, Cd occurrence in Imported spices traded in Libyan markets in 2011: 24 wholesale and 36 retail samples for each of four… (n=240) |
| 1111 | Brizio et al. 2013. Heavy metals occurrence in Italian food supplements, E3S Web of Conferences | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | IT tAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, tHg occurrence in Twelve food supplements seized in a Piedmont shop by Italian food-adulteration authorities: six single-herbal samples and six mixed… (n=12) |
| 1112 | Carroquino et al. 2013. Environmental Toxicology: Children at Risk, Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Chapter 11 (Springer) | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | Foundational pediatric environmental toxicology chapter (Landrigan) establishing the framework for child-specific Cd risk: developmental windows, per-kg exposure amplification, and immature detoxification |
| 1113 | Sah et al. 2013. Study of Heavy Metals in Children’s Toys and Campaign for Safe Play in Nepal, Centre for Public Health and Environmental Development (CEPHED), Lalitpur, Nepal — July 2013 report | 2013 | NGO report | NP Pb, tHg, Cd, Cr occurrence in 100 children’s toys/play-items purchased from markets across Kathmandu Valley (Banepa, Asan, Mahabauddha, Pulchowk, Baneshwor, Lagankhel, Balkumari) and Dhulikhel… (n=100) |
| 1114 | Centre for Food Safety 2013. The First Hong Kong Total Diet Study: Metallic Contaminants, Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region | 2013 | Government report | HK Al, Sb, Cd, Pb, MeHg, Ni, Sn occurrence in Hong Kong general adult population; 150 TDS food items purchased on 4 occasions (March 2010 to February 2011),… (n=1800) |
| 1115 | Copat et al. 2013. Heavy metals concentrations in fish and shellfish from eastern Mediterranean Sea: Consumption advisories, Food and Chemical Toxicology | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | IT tAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Ni, V, Zn occurrence in Five fish species from the Catania fish market, n=30 specimens per species, plus 30 aliquots from a homogenized… (n=180) |
| 1116 | EC 2013. Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC — An Explanatory Guidance Document (Rev 1.7), European Commission, Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General, Single Market for Goods; Rev 1.7, 13/12/2013 | 2013 | Government report | EU Al, Sb, tAs, Ba, B, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Ni, Se, Sr, Sn occurrence in Regulatory guidance document interpreting EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC, including the 19-element migration-limit table at Annex II Part… |
| 1117 | He et al. 2013. Exposure assessment of dietary cadmium: findings from shanghainese over 40 years, China, BMC Public Health | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cd occurrence in Shanghai adults aged over 40, cross-sectional survey 2008, Baoshan District (n=207) |
| 1118 | Khan et al. 2013. Toxic and some essential metals in medicinal plants used in herbal medicines: A case study in Pakistan, African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr occurrence in Eight medicinal plant species collected from two locations within a 20 km radius of Kallar Kahar Lake, Punjab,… (n=48) |
| 1119 | Kulhari et al. 2013. Investigation of heavy metals in frequently utilized medicinal plants collected from environmentally diverse locations of north western India, SpringerPlus | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | IN Mn, Cr, Pb, Fe, Cd, Ni, Co, Zn, Hg occurrence in Stem and leaf samples from ten medicinal plant species collected from Haryana and Rajasthan, India, including Jhunjhunu, Churu,… (n=20) |
| 1120 | Li et al. 2013. Determination for major chemical contaminants in tea (Camellia sinensis) matrices: A review, Food Research International | 2013 | Review | Methods review for Cd and other chemical contaminant detection in tea matrices (ICP-MS, AAS, ICP-OES); provides analytical context for tea Cd monitoring literature |
| 1121 | Mirończuk-Chodakowska et al. 2013. Cadmium and Lead in Wild Edible Mushrooms from the Eastern Region of Poland’s ‘Green Lungs’, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Pb, Cd occurrence in 21 mushroom species (18 wild, 3 cultivated), 3 specimens each; wild species sampled from 6 communal areas in… (n=63) |
| 1122 | Nourmoradi et al. 2013. Assessment of Lead and Cadmium Levels in Frequently Used Cosmetic Products in Iran, Journal of Environmental and Public Health (Hindawi), Article ID 962727, 5 pages | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd occurrence in Fifty cosmetic samples purchased from large cosmetic stores in Isfahan, Iran: 35 lipsticks (5 colors — orange, black… (n=50) |
| 1123 | Olmedo et al. 2013. Determination of toxic elements (mercury, cadmium, lead, tin and arsenic) in fish and shellfish samples. Risk assessment for the consumers, Environment International | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | ES/MA/MR tHg, MeHg, Cd, Pb, Sn, tAs occurrence in Fresh, canned, and frozen fish and shellfish products representing 43 frequently consumed species/products in Andalusia, Spain; samples collected… (n=485) |
| 1124 | Ruttkay-Nedecky et al. 2013. The Role of Metallothionein in Oxidative Stress, International Journal of Molecular Sciences | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | Cd occurrence in Narrative review; no primary measurements. |
| 1125 | Salehi et al. 2013. Accumulation of Cadmium and Lead in Soils and Vegetables of Lenjanat Region in Isfahan Province, Iran, E3S Web of Conferences (ICHMET 2012) | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | IR Cd, Pb occurrence in 130 topsoil samples and 50 vegetable samples randomly drawn from agricultural lands within the 75 km² Lenjanat region… (n=180) |
| 1126 | Sears 2013. Chelation: Harnessing and Enhancing Heavy Metal Detoxification — A Review, The Scientific World Journal | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | US/CA Pb, Cd, iAs, tAs, MeHg, tHg, Sn occurrence in Narrative review; no primary measurements. |
| 1127 | Shah et al. 2013. Comparative Study of Heavy Metals in Soil and Selected Medicinal Plants, Journal of Chemistry | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | PK Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb occurrence in Leaves, stems, and roots of four medicinal plant species collected from polluted and unpolluted sampling points in District… (n=24) |
| 1128 | Solidum et al. 2013. Quantitative Analysis of Lead, Cadmium and Chromium in Different Brands of Junk Food Marketed in Metro Manila, Philippines, Advanced Materials Research | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | PH Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in Thirty-six junk-food samples randomly selected from sari-sari stores in Metro Manila, Philippines, in June 2012. (n=36) |
| 1129 | Whittaker et al. 2013. Characterizing Alternative Solvent Dry Cleaning Processes — Final Report, Local Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County, Washington (Publication LHWMP_0155) | 2013 | Regulation | US Pb, Cd, Cr, Ba occurrence in 16 commercial dry-cleaning shops in King County, Washington (13 used hydrocarbon DF2000 solvent, 3 used Solvon K4 /… (n=16) |
| 1130 | Acar 2012. Evaluation of cadmium, lead, copper, iron and zinc in Turkish dietary vegetable oils and olives using electrothermal and flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Grasas y Aceites | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | TR Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn occurrence in 53 vegetable oil samples (8 soybean, 12 sunflower, 8 flower-seed, 8 nut, 8 corn, 9 olive) and 70… (n=123) |
| 1131 | Ashraf 2012. Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Varieties of Vegetable Oils Consumed in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Health Risk Assessment of Local Population, Asian Journal of Chemistry (Uncorrected Proof) | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | SA Pb, Cd, tAs, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn occurrence in 161 edible vegetable oil samples (32 corn, 28 sunflower, 21 soybean, 19 sesame, 17 rapeseed, 17 peanut, 27… (n=161) |
| 1132 | ATSDR 2012. Toxicological Profile for Cadmium, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry | 2012 | Government report | ATSDR 2012 Toxicological Profile: chronic oral MRL of 0.1 µg/kg/day (tightest of major reference values), PBTK model at peak renal cortex age 55, and comprehensive dose-response summary |
| 1133 | Centre for Food Safety 2012. Safety Issues of Baby Bottles and Children’s Tableware (Risk Assessment Studies Report No. 47), Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Risk Assessment Studies Report No. 47, January 2012 | 2012 | Government report | HK/EU/US Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Cr-VI, Al occurrence in Narrative literature review; no original measurements. The review summarises secondary toxicology and migration evidence from FAO/WHO, EFSA, USFDA,… |
| 1134 | EFSA 2012. Cadmium dietary exposure in the European population, EFSA Journal 2012;10(1):2551 | 2012 | Government report | EU Cd occurrence in Cadmium occurrence results in food submitted to EFSA from 22 EU Member States, 3 European Economic Area or… (n=178541) |
| 1135 | Elbagermi et al. 2012. Monitoring of Heavy Metal Content in Fruits and Vegetables Collected from Production and Market Sites in the Misurata Area of Libya, ISRN Analytical Chemistry | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | LY Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni occurrence in Fruit and vegetable produce purchased from several local suppliers and markets in Misurata City, Libya, during 2010. (n=250) |
| 1136 | Canada 2012. Guidance on Heavy Metal Impurities in Cosmetics, Health Canada Consumer Product Safety guidance | 2012 | Government guidance | CA/DE/US Pb, tAs, Cd, tHg, Sb occurrence in Health Canada cosmetic-impurity guidance based on toxicology review, comparison with other program limits, German technical-avoidability limits, and Health… |
| 1137 | Jakubowski 2012. Zinc and Cadmium Compounds (Chapter Seven), in Patty’s Toxicology, Sixth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | 2012 | Textbook chapter | Patty’s Toxicology chapter on Cd: industrial-hygiene lens, compound-specific toxicity values, occupational exposure limits, global industrial production/use breakdown, and biological half-life range (10–30 years) |
| 1138 | Johnson et al. 2012. Status Report: Review of Metals in the Toy Safety Standard, ASTM F 963, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Status Report, Directorate for Health Sciences, 14 March 2012; bundles Versar/SRC final contractor report Contract CPSC-D-06-0006 Task Order 008 dated 16 July 2010 | 2012 | Regulatory | US/EU Sb, iAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Pb, iHg, Se occurrence in Regulatory status report, not a sampling study. The bundled Versar/SRC literature review covered ~13,000 references identified between 2000… |
| 1139 | Loutfy et al. 2012. Analysis and exposure assessment of some heavy metals in foodstuffs from Ismailia city, Egypt, Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | EG Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu occurrence in About 350 locally produced individual food samples purchased in 2007 from four local markets around Ismailia city, Egypt,… (n=117) |
| 1140 | Magdas et al. 2012. Isotopic and Elemental Determination in Some Romanian Apple Fruit Juices, The Scientific World Journal | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | RO Pb, Cd, tAs, Ni, Cr, U occurrence in 31 organic single-strength apple juices from four Transylvanian regions (Alba, Maramures, Salaj, Cluj), Romania; 2010 harvest (n=31) |
| 1141 | Pandelova et al. 2012. Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn contents in baby foods from the EU market: Comparison of assessed infant intakes with the present safety limits for minerals and trace elements, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | EU CASCADE project: Cd and nine other elements in EU market baskets of milk-based, soy-based, and hypoallergenic infant formula plus solid foods; higher Cd in soy-based formula than milk-based |
| 1142 | Saei-Dehkordi et al. 2012. Determination of Lead, Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc Content in Commercial Iranian Vinegars Using Stripping Chronopotentiometry, Food Analytical Methods | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn occurrence in 96 commercial Iranian vinegars: 24 each of date, apple, white grape, and red grape; purchased August 2010 to… (n=96) |
| 1143 | Shue et al. 2012. Seasonal variations of heavy metals in the bivalve’s mollusks from Ta-Peng Bay lagoon in southwestern Taiwan, Advanced Materials Research | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | TW Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr occurrence in Six bivalve species (Katelysia hiantina, Anomalocardia squamosa, Perna viridis, Anadara antiquata, Paphia undulata, Sanguinolaria diphos) collected from Ta-Peng… (n=72) |
| 1144 | Stone 2012. Quality Assurance Project Plan: Parabens and Metals in Children’s Cosmetic and Personal Care Products, Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Publication 12-07-021 (February 2012) | 2012 | Regulatory | US-WA/US Sb, tAs, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, tHg, Mo, Zn occurrence in Planning document only; no samples analysed within this QAPP. The QAPP scopes a planned procurement of approximately 200… |
| 1145 | UL 2012. Chemicals in Children’s Toys: Addressing Stricter Limits and Environmental Concerns, UL LLC White Paper (UL Environment), 8 pp. | 2012 | Industry | US/EU Pb, Cd, tHg, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Al, Sb occurrence in No primary contamination measurements. UL LLC marketing white paper introducing UL 172, the voluntary UL Standard for Sustainability… |
| 1146 | Volpe et al. 2012. Determination and assessments of selected heavy metals in eye shadow cosmetics, Microchemical Journal | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | CN/IT/US Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni occurrence in Twenty powdered eye shadow samples representing five sample groups/brands and origin countries China, Italy, and the United States,… (n=20) |
| 1147 | Awata et al. 2011. Association of Dietary Intake and Biomarker Levels of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury among Asian Populations in the United States: NHANES 2011–2012, Environmental Health Perspectives | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | NHANES 2011-2012 biomarker study: dietary Cd intake and biomarker association in US Asians; Cd intake not significantly associated with biomarkers in this Asian sample; rice as major iAs contributor |
| 1148 | Dabeka et al. 2011. Lead, cadmium and aluminum in Canadian infant formulae, oral electrolytes and glucose solutions, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, and Al in 243 Canadian infant formulas (powder, RTF, concentrated liquid) by format and soy/non-soy type; 1999 Canadian baseline with formula-type and packaging context |
| 1149 | EFSA 2011. Statement on Tolerable Weekly Intake for Cadmium, EFSA Journal 2011;9(2):1975 (revised 2012;10(1):2551) | 2011 | Government report | EFSA CONTAM 2011 statement reaffirming Cd TWI of 2.5 µg/kg bw/week against JECFA’s 2010 PTMI of 25 µg/kg bw/month; documents EFSA-JECFA divergence and basis for EU regulatory limit alignment |
| 1150 | Zealand 2011. The 23rd Australian Total Diet Study, Food Standards Australia New Zealand | 2011 | Government report | AU/NZ Al, tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, iHg, MeHg occurrence in Ninety-two Australian foods and beverages, including tap and bottled water, represented by 570 composite samples; each composite used… (n=570) |
| 1151 | JECFA 2011. Cadmium (Addendum), 73rd Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives — Safety Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants, WHO Food Additives Series No. 64 (Cadmium addendum, pp. 305-380) | 2011 | Government report | JECFA 73rd meeting 2010 document of record establishing Cd PTMI of 25 µg/kg bw/month (replacing prior PTWI of 7 µg/kg bw/week); the operative international dietary Cd reference value |
| 1152 | Khalafalla et al. 2011. Heavy metal residues in beef carcasses in Beni-Suef abattoir, Egypt, Veterinaria Italiana | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | EG Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Cr occurrence in 300 fresh-weight cattle tissue samples from animals slaughtered at the Beni-Suef abattoir in Egypt: 100 muscle, 100 liver,… (n=300) |
| 1153 | Starska et al. 2011. Noxious Elements in Milk and Milk Products in Poland, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs occurrence in 483 milk and dairy product samples from all 16 Polish voivodships (2006–2007); 92% domestic production, 8% other EU… (n=483) |
| 1154 | Zhu et al. 2011. Health risk assessment of eight heavy metals in nine varieties of edible vegetable oils consumed in China, Food and Chemical Toxicology | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, Ni, Pb, tAs occurrence in 109 commercial edible vegetable oil samples purchased from Chinese supermarkets during 2009-2010: 13 soybean, 12 corn, 14 peanut,… (n=109) |
| 1155 | JMRS et al. 2010. Chronic Renal Failure in Sri Lanka Caused by Elevated Dietary Cadmium: Trojan Horse of the Green Revolution, Toxicology Letters 198(1):33–39 | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | WHO-sponsored field investigation linking elevated dietary Cd in Sri Lankan rice to epidemic chronic renal failure; rice Cd in North Central Province up to 0.28 mg/kg driving disease burden |
| 1156 | Cirillo et al. 2010. Survey of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in seafood purchased in Campania, Italy, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B: Surveillance | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | IT Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs occurrence in Seafood marketed in Campania, Italy from January-May 2007: 162 fish and cephalopod specimens and 30 mussel pools/soft-tissue packs… (n=192) |
| 1157 | Hatlelid et al. 2010. Children’s Cadmium-Containing Metal Jewelry — Staff Report, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Directorate for Health Sciences (Staff Report, October 2010) | 2010 | Government guidance | US Cd occurrence in No primary measurements of cadmium in jewelry are reported in this document. The Staff Report derives acute and… |
| 1158 | Hwang et al. 2010. Total arsenic, mercury, lead, and cadmium contents in edible dried seaweed in Korea, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B: Surveillance | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | KR tAs, tHg, Pb, Cd occurrence in Dried edible seaweed products sold in Korea in 2007-2008, including laver (n = 125), brown seaweed (n =… (n=426) |
| 1159 | La et al. 2010. Classification of Sicilian Olive Oils According to Heavy Metal and Selenium Levels Using Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA), Olives and Olive Oil in Health and Disease Prevention (Elsevier, ISBN 978-0-12-374420-3), Chapter 18, pp. 155–163 | 2010 | Book chapter | IT Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Se occurrence in 49 virgin olive oil samples from three Sicilian PDO/PGI cultivars (Nocellara del Belice n=18; Biancolilla n=18; Cerasuola n=13)… (n=49) |
| 1160 | Hitchcock et al. 2010. Trouble in Toyland: The 25th Annual Survey of Toy Safety, U.S. PIRG Education Fund, November 2010 | 2010 | NGO report | US Pb, Sb, Cd occurrence in 98 toys and children’s jewelry purchased at retail in September-October 2010 and XRF-screened (337 individual XRF screens performed… (n=260) |
| 1161 | Schade 2010. Toxic Toys “R” Us: PVC Toxic Chemicals in Toys and Packaging — A Report to the National Commission of Inquiry into Toxic Toys, Center for Health, Environment & Justice (CHEJ) PVC Campaign and Teamsters Office of Consumer Affairs (Washington, DC / Falls Church, VA), November 2010, 47 pp. | 2010 | NGO report | US Pb, Cd, Sn occurrence in Two rounds of portable-XRF screening of toys, children’s products, and packaging purchased at retail. Round 1 (June 15,… (n=120) |
| 1162 | EU Scientific Committee on 2010. Evaluation of the Migration Limits for Chemical Elements in Toys (SCHER Opinion), European Commission DG Health & Consumers; SCHER Opinion adopted 1 July 2010 | 2010 | Government report | EU tAs, Cd, Cr-VI, Pb, tHg, Sn occurrence in Regulatory opinion evaluating EU Toys Safety Directive 2009/48/EC migration limits for 19 chemical elements |
| 1163 | Sembratowicz et al. 2010. Contents of Nitrates (III) and (V), Lead and Cadmium in Select Domestic Fruits, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd occurrence in Apples, plums, strawberries, raspberries, and white grapes from allotment gardens in Lublin city center and surrounding rural areas,… (n=108) |
| 1164 | Shindoh et al. 2010. Changes in Cadmium Content when Processing Soybean to Miso and Soy Sauce, Report of the National Food Research Institute (Rep. Nat’l Food Res. Inst), No. 74 | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | JP Cd occurrence in Two soybean lots (designated soybean A and soybean B) of different varieties were used as starting material for… (n=2) |
| 1165 | Bandara et al. 2010. Chronic renal failure in Sri Lanka caused by elevated dietary cadmium: Trojan horse of the green revolution, Toxicology Letters | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | LK Cd occurrence in CRF patients and asymptomatic persons from farming areas in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka (Anuradhapura, Madawachchiya,… (n=50) |
| 1166 | Hongxing et al. 2010. Simultaneous Determination of Content of Ten Heavy Metals in Detergents from China by ICP-MS, Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 22, No. 6, 4777-4780 (Article ID AJC-8474) | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ti, Se occurrence in Four detergent products purchased at the Chaoshifa supermarket in Beijing, China. The paper describes the products generically as… (n=4) |
| 1167 | Abdullah 2009. Determination of Heavy Metals in Selected Fish Sauce, B.Sc. (Hons.) Chemistry final-year project, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia | 2009 | Thesis | MY Pb, Cd, Zn, Al occurrence in Three commercial fish-sauce samples coded sample A, sample B, and sample C. The abstract does not state brand… (n=3) |
| 1168 | (BfR) 2009. Lead and cadmium do not belong in toys, BfR Opinion No. 048/2009, 1 June 2009 (Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Germany) | 2009 | Regulatory | EU/DE Pb, Cd occurrence in Risk-assessment opinion document. No primary sampling. Synthesises external dietary-intake estimates and biomonitoring data, including: lead alimentary intake in… |
| 1169 | EFSA 2009. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain on a request from the European Commission on cadmium in food, The EFSA Journal | 2009 | Government report | EFSA 2009 scientific opinion establishing EU Cd TWI of 2.5 µg/kg bw/week; identifies high-exposure subgroups (children, vegetarians, shellfish consumers, smokers) and European dietary contributors |
| 1170 | Parliament et al. 2009. Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products (recast), Official Journal of the European Union, L 342, 22.12.2009, p. 59-209 | 2009 | Regulation | EU Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Sb, Ni, Cr, Be, Se, Tl, Al, Sr, Zr occurrence in Not applicable. This is the EU horizontal cosmetic-products regulation, not a market survey. The document text is the… |
| 1171 | Kazi et al. 2009. Determination of toxic elements in infant formulae by using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer, Food and Chemical Toxicology | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, and Al in 17 imported milk-based and soy-based infant formulas in Pakistan; direct comparison of Cd in soy vs non-soy formula, providing an early soy-formula Cd dataset |
| 1172 | Services 2009. Canada Publishes Legislated Heavy Metal Requirements for Toys Containing Surface Coating Materials, SGS SafeGuards Bulletin No. 181/09, Hardlines, Softlines, Electrical & Electronic, October 2009 | 2009 | Trade publication | CA/US Pb, Sb, tAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, tHg, Se occurrence in Regulatory-summary trade bulletin. No primary sampling or measurement. Summarises legal limits and test methods from (i) the Health… |
| 1173 | Shin et al. 2009. Determination of Heavy Metals in Sanitary Products of Women, Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | KR/JP/US Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb occurrence in Thirteen sanitary napkins and five tampons manufactured in Korea, Japan, the United States, Germany, and China; the Conclusion… (n=18) |
| 1174 | Barthwal et al. 2008. Heavy Metal Accumulation in Medicinal Plants Collected from Environmentally Different Sites, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni occurrence in Five medicinal plant species collected from three Lucknow, India site types (heavy traffic area, residential area, industrial area),… (n=15) |
| 1175 | Butko 2008. Molecular mechanisms of cadmium detoxification and long distance transport in plants, Master of Science thesis, University of California, San Diego | 2008 | Grey literature | Cd, Fe occurrence in Hydroponic Brassica napus (cv. Drakkar, Serasem GIE, La Chapelle d’Armentières, France) grown 9 weeks before 75 µM CdSO₄… |
| 1176 | Committee on Toxicity of 2008. COT Statement on the 2006 UK Total Diet Study of Metals and Other Elements, Committee on Toxicity statement | 2008 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, iAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Mo, Ni, Se, Sn, Tl, Zn occurrence in 2006 UK Total Diet Study: 119 food categories combined into 20 prepared-as-consumed food groups for metals and other… (n=20) |
| 1177 | David et al. 2008. The heavy metals analyses in canned tomato paste, Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | RO/IT Pb, Cd, Sn, Al, Cr, Fe, Zn, tAs occurrence in Five commercial canned tomato paste and tomato sauce products tested in Romania: two Romanian-branded products in metal cans,… (n=5) |
| 1178 | Zealand 2008. Final Assessment Report - Application A552: Cadmium in peanuts, Food Standards Australia New Zealand Final Assessment Report 12-08 | 2008 | Government report | AU/NZ/CN Cd occurrence in FSANZ regulatory assessment using Australian AQIS 2001-2006 imported-food cadmium tests, USFDA Total Diet Study 1991-2004 peanut values, Chinese… |
| 1179 | Pehlivan et al. 2008. Determination of some inorganic metals in edible vegetable oils by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Grasas y Aceites | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | TR Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, Zn occurrence in 17 edible vegetable oil samples from Turkish food markets: soybean, hazelnut, almond, natural olive, riviera olive (3 types),… (n=17) |
| 1180 | Abulude et al. 2007. Assessment of the Content of Pb, Cd, Ni and Cr in Soaps and Detergents from Akure, Nigeria, Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology 1(2): 102-104 (Academic Journals Inc.; ISSN 1819-3420) | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr occurrence in Nineteen soap and detergent samples purchased in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria in July 2006. The sample mix as… (n=19) |
| 1181 | Islam EU 2007. Assessing potential dietary toxicity of heavy metals in selected vegetables and food crops, Journal of Zhejiang University Science B | 2007 | Review | CN/UK/US Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs, Al occurrence in Review with primary data from Zhejiang University pot/greenhouse experiments on Chinese cabbage, winter greens, pakchoi, and celery; supplemented… |
| 1182 | Khan et al. 2007. Effect of Environmental Pollution on Heavy Metals Content of Withania somnifera, Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | PK Cr, Pb, Cu, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn occurrence in Withania somnifera roots, stems, leaves, and fruits, plus paired soils, collected from three locations of N.W.F.P./Peshawar Valley, Pakistan;… |
| 1183 | Poulsen et al. 2007. A survey and health assessment of cosmetic products for children, Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products, No. 88, 2007 (Danish Ministry of the Environment, Environmental Protection Agency) | 2007 | Government report | DK/EU Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, Ba, Se occurrence in 10 cosmetic-product packaging materials selected from 208 children’s cosmetic products (ages 3-14) mapped on the Danish market April-June… (n=10) |
| 1184 | Thirumoorthy et al. 2007. Metallothionein: An overview, World Journal of Gastroenterology | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, tHg occurrence in Narrative review; no primary measurements. |
| 1185 | Divrikli et al. 2006. Trace heavy metal contents of some spices and herbal plants from western Anatolia, Turkey, International Journal of Food Science and Technology | 2006 | Peer-reviewed | TR Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn occurrence in Eleven spice and herbal plant species collected from 50 farmers in western Anatolia, Turkey, June-October 2003; four samples… (n=44) |
| 1186 | JECFA 2006. Evaluation of certain food contaminants — Sixty-fourth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, WHO Technical Report Series 930 (Sixty-fourth meeting of JECFA, Rome, 8-17 February 2005) | 2006 | Government report | international Cd, Sn occurrence in Cadmium: raw or aggregated occurrence data submitted to GEMS/Food by Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, USA,… |
| 1187 | Nilsson et al. 2006. Survey and health assesment of chemicals substances in sex toys, Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products No. 77, 2006. Danish Environmental Protection Agency. | 2006 | Regulatory agency report | DK/EU Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb occurrence in 16 sex toys and fetish-clothing products purchased for Danish EPA screening: soft-vinyl, natural-latex/rubber, thermoplastic-rubber/SEBS, and hard-plastic products including… (n=16) |
| 1188 | EC 2004. Assessment of the dietary exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury of the population of the EU Member States, Reports on tasks for scientific cooperation, SCOOP Task 3.2.11 | 2004 | Government report | EU/BE/DK tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Occurrence, consumption, and intake submissions for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury from EU Member States and Norway under… |
| 1189 | Committee on Toxicity of 2003. COT statement on a survey of metals in infant food, Committee on Toxicity statement | 2003 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn occurrence in Commercial UK baby foods and formulae, including infant formulae, manufactured baby foods, desserts, rusks, and infant drinks, surveyed… (n=189) |
| 1190 | Lee et al. 2003. Overexpression of Arabidopsis Phytochelatin Synthase Paradoxically Leads to Hypersensitivity to Cadmium Stress, Plant Physiology | 2003 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Zn, Cu occurrence in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Columbia) seedlings — 16 independent T-DNA lines overexpressing C-terminal FLAG-tagged AtPCS1 (pcs1-pcs16, of which… |
| 1191 | Almela et al. 2002. Heavy Metal, Total Arsenic, and Inorganic Arsenic Contents of Algae Food Products, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | 2002 | Peer-reviewed | ES tAs, iAs, Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in Eighteen processed edible-algae food products on retail sale in Valencia, Spain: 12 brown-algae products (wakame from Undaria pinnatifida,… (n=18) |
| 1192 | Cobbett et al. 2002. Phytochelatins and Metallothioneins: Roles in Heavy Metal Detoxification and Homeostasis, Annual Review of Plant Biology | 2002 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, iAs, tHg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni occurrence in Narrative review of the phytochelatin and metallothionein literature; primary focus on Arabidopsis thaliana, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and other plant… |
| 1193 | California Office of Environmental 2001. Proposition 65 Maximum Allowable Daily Level (MADL) for Reproductive Toxicity for Cadmium (Oral Route), California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment | 2001 | Government report | California Prop 65 oral MADL for Cd of 4.1 µg/day based on developmental toxicity; implements 1997 reproductive-toxicity listing using Ali 1986 rat LOEL with 1,000-fold safety factor |
| 1194 | Stringer et al. 2001. Toxic chemicals in a child’s world: an investigation into PVC plastic products, Greenpeace Research Laboratories, University of Exeter (UK); June 2001 | 2001 | NGO report | AT/BR/CA Pb, Cd, Sn occurrence in 54 vinyl-chloride (PVC or vinyl) consumer products purchased in 20 countries (Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Czech Republic,… (n=54) |
| 1195 | Bae et al. 2000. Enhanced Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals by Bacterial Cells Displaying Synthetic Phytochelatins, Biotechnology and Bioengineering | 2000 | Peer-reviewed | Cd occurrence in Recombinant Escherichia coli strain JM105 transformed with plasmids encoding Lpp-OmpA-fused synthetic phytochelatin analogs (EC8 with n=8 cysteines, EC11… |
| 1196 | California Office of Environmental 2000. Appendix F - Dermal Uptake of Chemicals from Soil (Technical Support Document for Exposure Assessment and Stochastic Analysis), Cal/EPA OEHHA Air Toxics Hot Spots Program - Technical Support Document for Exposure Assessment and Stochastic Analysis | 2000 | Government report | US tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Ni, Cr-VI, Be occurrence in Regulatory guidance; per-chemical dermal absorption fraction (ABS) point estimates derived from review of in-vivo and in-vitro percutaneous-absorption studies… |
| 1197 | Zhou et al. 2000. Heavy Metal Contamination in Vegetables and Their Control in China, Food Reviews International | 2000 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn occurrence in Secondary review of previously published Chinese city surveys of vegetables and some grains. Tables 2-11 reproduce values from… |
| 1198 | Voegborlo et al. 1999. Mercury, cadmium and lead content of canned tuna fish, Food Chemistry | 1999 | Peer-reviewed | LY tHg, Cd, Pb occurrence in Fifty 5 kg cans of tuna fish from the Tuna Canning Factory in Misurata, Libya; tuna were caught… (n=50) |
| 1199 | U.S. Consumer Product Safety 1997. CPSC Staff Report on Lead and Cadmium in Children’s Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Products, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Staff Report | 1997 | Regulatory | US Pb, Cd occurrence in Twelve of the 18 children’s polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products identified as likely to be handled, mouthed, or chewed… (n=12) |
| 1200 | Di Gangi 1997. Lead and Cadmium in Vinyl Children’s Products: A Greenpeace Exposé, Greenpeace USA (Washington, DC); ERIC document ED 414 034 / PS 026 006 | 1997 | NGO report | US/CA Pb, Cd occurrence in 131 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) consumer products purchased at national chain stores (Kmart, Wal-Mart, Target, Toys R Us, Disney… (n=131) |
| 1201 | California Office of Environmental 1996. Evidence on the Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of Cadmium, California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment | 1996 | Government report | California Prop 65 Cd hazard identification document; compiles human epidemiology and animal data supporting DART Committee’s 1996 determination of Cd as developmental and male reproductive toxicant |
| 1202 | Codex 1995. General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (CXS 193-1995), Codex Alimentarius (Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme) | 1995 | Government report | Codex CXS 193-1995 General Standard for Contaminants: operative international Cd MLs spanning 22 matrix categories (0.003–2.0 mg/kg), including most recently added quinoa ML (0.15 mg/kg, 2024) |
| 1203 | Dabeka et al. 1995. Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988, Journal of AOAC International | 1995 | Peer-reviewed | CA Pb, Cd, Ni, Co occurrence in Five Canadian total-diet composite groups, each with 113 composites and 39 composite subsets, prepared from foods purchased in… (n=760) |
| 1204 | Acosta et al. 1993. Levels of Cd, Pb, and Ni in Different Types of Vinegars, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology | 1993 | Peer-reviewed | ES/DE/GB Cd, Pb, Ni occurrence in 52 bottled vinegars from supermarkets in Tenerife and Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain): 26 wine vinegar, 10 apple… (n=52) |
| 1205 | Chou et al. 1993. Cadmium in American lobster (Homarus americanus) from the area of Belledune Harbour, New Brunswick, Canada: 1980-1992 results, Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 1916 | 1993 | Gray literature | CA Cd, Pb, tHg, tAs, Cu, Ag occurrence in American lobster (Homarus americanus) captured 1980-1992 at eight sites in and around Belledune Harbour, New Brunswick, Canada —… |
| 1206 | Garrity et al. 1990. Tissue-Specific Expression from a Compound TATA-Dependent and TATA-Independent Promoter, Molecular and Cellular Biology | 1990 | Peer-reviewed | Cd occurrence in Male mice 8-15 weeks old (DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, BDF1 strains; Jackson Laboratories); cultured P cells (L-cell derivatives) and NIH… |
| 1207 | EPA 1989. Cadmium (CASRN 7440-43-9) — IRIS Chemical Assessment Summary, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Risk Information System | 1989 | Government report | US EPA IRIS oral RfD for Cd: 5×10⁻⁴ mg/kg/day for water exposure and 1×10⁻³ mg/kg/day for food, reflecting twofold higher absorption from water; renal tubular endpoint, both operative since 1989 |
| 1208 | Grill et al. 1989. Phytochelatins, the heavy-metal-binding peptides of plants, are synthesized from glutathione by a specific gamma-glutamylcysteine dipeptidyl transpeptidase (phytochelatin synthase), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA | 1989 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in In vitro enzymology in Silene cucubalus cell suspension cultures; no food, environmental, or human samples. |
| 1209 | Nagel et al. 1989. In Vitro Evolution and Preliminary Characterization of a Cadmium-Resistant Population of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Applied and Environmental Microbiology | 1989 | Peer-reviewed | Cd occurrence in Two laboratory strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (cell-wall-deficient mutant CW-15 and its in-vitro-evolved Cd-tolerant derivative CW15-Cdr); no food, environmental,… |
| 1210 | Dabeka et al. 1987. Lead, cadmium, and fluoride levels in market milk and infant formulas in Canada, Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists 70(4):754-757 | 1987 | Study | 1987 Canadian survey of Cd, Pb, and fluoride in market milk and infant formulas; historical baseline showing Cd in 1980s Canadian formula well above modern values, documenting 40-year reduction trajectory |
| 1211 | Buchet et al. 1983. Oral daily intake of cadmium, lead, manganese, copper, chromium, mercury, calcium, zinc and arsenic in Belgium: a duplicate meal study, Food and Chemical Toxicology | 1983 | Peer-reviewed | BE Cd, Pb, Mn, Cu, Cr, tHg, Ca, Zn, tAs occurrence in One hundred twenty-four 24-hour duplicate meals and beverages collected from Brussels, Liege, Charleroi, and a Brussels hospital kitchen… (n=124) |
| 1212 | Kirkpatrick et al. 1980. The Trace Element Content of Canadian Baby Foods and Estimation of Trace Element Intake by Infants, Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal 13(4):154-161 | 1980 | Peer-reviewed | 1975 Canadian national survey of Cd and eight other metals in 330 baby food and formula samples across 11 categories; historical baseline only (AAS LOD 10 ppb limits precision; useful for 50-year trend documentation) |
| 1213 | Ammerman et al. 1977. Contaminating elements in mineral supplements and their potential toxicity: A review, Journal of Animal Science | 1977 | Peer-reviewed | US/CA Pb, tAs, Cd, Al, tHg, V occurrence in Example analyses of feed-grade micro-mineral supplement materials in Table 2: manganese oxide (n=3), iron carbonate/sulfate/oxide (n=5), zinc oxide… (n=12) |
| 1214 | Mahaffey et al. 1975. Heavy Metal Exposure from Foods, Environmental Health Perspectives | 1975 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Zn occurrence in FDA Total Diet Study (Market Basket Survey) 1965–1974; 30 market baskets per year collected from US retail stores… |
| 1215 | Nielsen et al. 1975. Heavy metal levels in New Zealand molluscs, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 9(4), 467-481 | 1975 | Peer-reviewed | NZ Cd, Pb, tHg, Cu, Zn, Fe occurrence in Two hundred and three numbered samples (Appendix sample numbers 1-203) drawn from 199 sampling sites distributed around the… (n=203) |
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| b0f3d38 | 2026-06-12 | batch | corpus rescreen b04 old terminal skips |