Antimony: citations and reported findings from the source records associated with this metal profile. These records include measurements and context; inclusion does not establish that every source reports a food concentration.
Antimony summary, limits and key findings | Next records
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Showing source records 1 to 200 of 207.
Sources
Source records associated with this topic. Inclusion does not establish that every finding applies to this product or ingredient. References on the metal profile identify works cited in its text.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on the metal profile for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Office of Parliamentary Counsel, 2026. Customs (Prohibited Imports) Regulations 1956, Compilation No. 147, compilation date 13 July 2026, Federal Register of Legislation | 2026 | Government report | AU Pb, tAs, Sb, Cd, tHg, Cr-total concentrations |
| 2 | Charfi et al. 2026. Food safety in the production of olive oils. Presence of heavy metals and phthalic acid esters using different types of packaging, Journal of Food Science and Technology | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | ES Pb, Cd, tAs, Ni, Cr, Al, Cu, Zn, Fe, Sb, Mn, Mg occurrence in Commercial Spanish olive oil samples (extra virgin, virgin, olive oil, olive pomace oil) purchased from the Spanish market… (n=18) |
| 3 | Safety 2026. Analysis report: quality monitoring results for baby wet wipes sold online, 中国消费品质量安全促进会, 分析报告, 2 April 2026 | 2026 | Association report | CN Sb concentrations |
| 4 | EPA 2026. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations table, antimony row, EPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulations web table, last updated 31 August 2026 | 2026 | Regulatory | US Sb concentrations |
| 5 | EU 2026. Directive 2009/48/EC, consolidated text 29 August 2026, Consolidated text 02009L0048, EN, 29 August 2026 | 2026 | Regulatory | EU Sb concentrations |
| 6 | EU 2026. Decision 2014/350/EU, consolidated text 6 January 2026, Consolidated text 02014D0350, EN, 6 January 2026 | 2026 | Regulatory | EU Sb concentrations |
| 7 | Ministry of Food and 2026. MFDS Notice 2026-23, standards and specifications for hygiene products, MFDS Notice No. 2026-23, Standards and Specifications for Hygiene Products, enacted 21 March 2018 as Notice 2018-19 | 2026 | Regulatory | KR Sb concentrations |
| 8 | Olowoyo et al. 2026. Heavy Metals Burden in Drinking Water: Global Patterns, Sources, and Public Health Implications, Water 18(8): 886 | 2026 | Review | global Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, U, Mn, tHg, Sb, Se occurrence in Systematic narrative review; 66 peer-reviewed articles published 2015–2024 (sourced from ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed) reporting heavy-metal concentrations in… (n=66) |
| 9 | Singapore Food Agency 2026. Food Regulations: regulation 31 heavy metals, arsenic and lead, Singapore Statutes Online | 2026 | Government report | SG tAs, iAs, Pb, tHg, Sn, Cd, Sb concentrations |
| 10 | Wang et al. 2026. Antimony: a cryptic metabolism disruptor ubiquitous in food contact materials, Journal of the Endocrine Society 10(4):bvag011 | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | INT Sb concentrations |
| 11 | Borca et al. 2025. A step towards understanding plastic complexity: Antimony speciation in consumer plastics and synthetic textiles revealed by XAS, Journal of Environmental Sciences 153:109-117 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EU Sb concentrations |
| 12 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2025. 40 CFR 141.51, maximum contaminant level goal for antimony, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, section 141.51, 1 July 2025 edition | 2025 | Regulatory | US Sb concentrations |
| 13 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2025. 40 CFR 141.62, maximum contaminant level for antimony, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, section 141.62, 1 July 2025 edition | 2025 | Regulatory | US Sb concentrations |
| 14 | Cwielag-Drabek et al. 2025. Heavy Metal Content in Tattoo and Permanent Makeup Inks and European Standards-Is There Still a Health Risk?, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EU Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Cu, iAs, Co, Sb, Se, Mn, tHg occurrence in Commercial tattoo inks, permanent makeup inks, and dual-use inks purchased in the European Union in 2022-2023 (n=41) |
| 15 | Danjuma et al. 2025. Investigation and Health Risk Assessments of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) In Hair-Dye Products, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Cr, Sb occurrence in Hair dyes bought in local markets in Ibadan, Nigeria. Table 3 uses codes. Brand, colour, and origin are… (n=5 hair-dye products (A1–A5), one of each colour.) |
| 16 | Demir et al. 2025. Determination of Element Contents and Health Risk Assessment of Some Commercial Coffees in Turkiye, Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty 22(3) | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | TR Al, Ba, Cr, Ni, Pb, tAs, Cd, Sb occurrence in Ten brewed commercial coffee samples from different product/brand types in Turkiye: classic, milicano, green, gold, decaffeinated, filter, and… (n=10) |
| 17 | Parliament et al. 2025. Regulation (EU) 2025/2509 on the safety of toys, Official Journal of the European Union, L, 2025/2509, 12 December 2025 | 2025 | Regulatory | EU Sb concentrations |
| 18 | Fan et al. 2025. Occurrence, exposure and health risk assessment of heavy metals in green tea samples cultivated in Hangzhou area, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Sb concentrations and health risk assessment in green tea (n=120) by ICP-MS |
| 19 | FDA 2025. Compliance Program Guidance Manual: Toxic Elements in Food and Foodware, and Radionuclides in Food – Import and Domestic (Program 7304.019), US Food and Drug Administration | 2025 | Government report | FDA Compliance Program 7304.019: Sb surveillance in food and foodware, analytical methods and enforcement thresholds |
| 20 | İA 2025. Evaluation of the liquid, fiber and packaging content of baby wet wipes for heavy metal contamination, MSc thesis, İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Enstitüsü, Fen Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı. Supervisor Zeynep Türkmen. YÖK thesis catalog number 988276, as supplied with the file. That number is not printed on the cover or abstract pages of this PDF. | 2025 | Thesis | TR Sb concentrations |
| 21 | Hahn et al. 2025. The metalloid antimony in urine of children and adolescents in Germany, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 270:114672 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | DE Sb occurrence in German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents (GerES V), children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years, 2014-2017. (n=2250) |
| 22 | Haji et al. 2025. Hidden Toxic Elements in Creams and Foundations, Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 6(2): 197-203 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | TZ Cu, Cd, tHg, Pb, tAs, Sb, Te, Bi, Nb, Ta occurrence in Seven creams and three foundation products assessed for toxic elements; the paper reports individual brand names, but this… (n=10) |
| 23 | Canada 2025. Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality - Summary Tables - December 2025, Health Canada | 2025 | Government report | CA Al, Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr-total, Pb, tHg concentrations |
| 24 | e-Legislation 2025. Hong Kong Cap. 132V Food Adulteration (Metallic Contamination) Regulations, consolidated 5 September 2025, Hong Kong e-Legislation Cap. 132V | 2025 | Government report | HK Sb, tAs, iAs, Cd, Cr-total, Pb, MeHg, tHg, iHg, Ni, Sn, U concentrations |
| 25 | Huang et al. 2025. Biochar Influences the Transformation and Translocation of Antimony in the Rhizosphere-Rice System, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN Sb occurrence in One Sb-Au mining-contaminated paddy soil (0-20 cm, Dongzhi County, Chizhou, Anhui Province, China; total Sb 94.41 mg/kg) used… (n=1) |
| 26 | Ibrahim et al. 2025. Dietary Exposure and Health Risk Assessment of Selected Toxic and Essential Metals in Various Flavored Dairy Products, Biological Trace Element Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Sb concentrations and health risk assessment in milk (n=180) by ICP-MS |
| 27 | Maćkiewicz et al. 2025. Application of the ICP-OES and SEM-EDS Techniques for Elemental Analysis of Various Types of Cosmetic Products with Antiperspirant and Deodorant Properties Available on the EU Market, Molecules | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, Zn, Zr occurrence in 72 deodorant and antiperspirant products purchased from Polish-market commercial outlets between 2022 and 2025: 57 antiperspirants and 15… (n=72) |
| 28 | Marcelis et al. 2025. Chemical characterization of menstrual and intimate care products: An extractables & leachables investigation, Environment International | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EU/US/CN Li, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Se, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Sn, tHg occurrence in 64 menstrual and intimate care products originating from the EU, US, and China: tampons n=9, menstrual pads n=6,… (n=64) |
| 29 | Mehdar 2025. Investigating antimony leaching from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles: characterization with SEM-EDX and ICP-OES, Water SA 51(2):156-160 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | INT Sb concentrations |
| 30 | Republic of Korea Ministry 2025. Korea MFDS Notice No. 2025-63 Cosmetics Safety Standards | 2025 | Government report | KR Pb, Ni, tAs, tHg, Sb, Cd concentrations |
| 31 | Moriceau et al. 2025. Measurement of traces of heavy metals in cosmetic raw materials and finished products according to ISO/DIS 21392:2021 using triple quadrupole ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific Application Note 003602 | 2025 | Industry | EU/FR Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr, Ni, Sb, Al, Sn, Co, Mn, Fe, Zn, Be, Se, Tl, Ti, W, Pt occurrence in 17 finished cosmetic products sold on the French and European market (creams, gels, pastes, liquids, varnishes, solids) plus… (n=27) |
| 32 | National Health and Medical 2025. Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 6 2011 Version 4.0 Updated June 2025, National Water Quality Management Strategy | 2025 | Government report | AU Al, Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr-VI, Pb, tHg, Ni concentrations |
| 33 | Salamone et al. 2025. Continuous exposure to low concentrations of antimony(III) induces inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells, Environmental Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IT Sb occurrence in Caco-2 human colorectal adenocarcinoma epithelial cells differentiated on transwell inserts (n=three experimental units, each performed in triplicate) |
| 34 | Wu et al. 2025. Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolite Taurine-β-Muricholic Acid Contribute to Antimony- and/or Copper-Induced Liver Inflammation, International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26(7):3332 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN Sb concentrations |
| 35 | Yan et al. 2025. Association between infants’ serum levels of 26 metals and gut microbiota: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in China, Frontiers in Microbiology 16:1669475 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Infant serum Sb and gut microbiota composition associations, hospital-based cross-sectional study |
| 36 | Yoshinaga et al. 2025. Duplicate diet study to assess dietary exposure to metals in a Japanese population, Environmental Monitoring and Contaminants Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | JP Cd, Pb, Ni, Sb occurrence in 150 adult Japanese (65 males, 85 females, aged 19–83 years) from the Kanto District and surrounding regions, 2017–2019;… (n=150) |
| 37 | Zhang et al. 2025. Salt use patterns and heavy metal urinary excretion, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US Ba, Cd, Co, Cs, Mo, Pb, Sb, Tl, W, tAs occurrence in NHANES 2003-2018 participants aged 20 years and older with urinary metal data, salt-use-pattern data, and covariate data after… (n=11574) |
| 38 | Barquero et al. 2024. A preliminary assessment of mercury, methylmercury and other potentially toxic elements in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from the Almadén mining district, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | ES/EU tHg, MeHg, tAs, Pb, Sb occurrence in Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from a 34 km transect of the Valdeazogues River, Almadén mercury mining district, Ciudad… |
| 39 | Board 2024. California SWRCB DDW-21-003 Hexavalent Chromium MCL regulation text, SWRCB-DDW-21-003 regulation text | 2024 | Government report | US-CA Al, Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr-VI, Cr-total, tHg, Ni concentrations |
| 40 | HealthCare 2024. Metals and alloys used in food contact materials and articles: a technical guide for manufacturers and regulators, 2nd edition, Council of Europe / EDQM, European Committee for Food Contact Materials and Articles (CD-P-MCA) | 2024 | Regulatory report | EU Al, Sb, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Ag, Sn, Ti, V, Zn, Zr, tAs, Ba, Be, Cd, Pb, Li, tHg, Tl occurrence in Regulatory technical guide supplementing Council of Europe Resolution CM/Res(2020)9; no primary sample population. |
| 41 | Ewubare et al. 2024. An Academic Review on Heavy Metals in the Environment: Effects on Soil, Plants Human Health, and Possible Solutions, American Journal of Environmental Economics 3(1) 70-81 | 2024 | Review | NG Pb, Cd, tHg, MeHg, Cr, Cr-VI, tAs, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Sb, Tl, Mo occurrence in Narrative review article; no primary samples. Synthesizes literature retrieved from Google Scholar, Frontier in Microbiology, AJOL, Scopus, Web… |
| 42 | Kambara et al. 2024. Identification of bacterial dissimilatory antimonate reductase AnrA: genes and proteins involved in antimonate respiration and resistance in Geobacter sp. strain SVR, Applied and Environmental Microbiology e01729-23 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | JP Sb concentrations |
| 43 | Korean Agency for Technology 2024. KATS safety standard Annex 1, textile products for infants, 2024, KATS safety-confirmation standard, Annex 1, infant textile products, in force 7 March 2024 | 2024 | Regulatory | KR Sb concentrations |
| 44 | Kim 2024. Potential migration of heavy metals from food containers and health risk assessment, unknown | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Sb data: A migration study measured heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Sb, Sn, Ge, Co, Mn) leaching from 120 disposable food containers (paper and plastic) collected from South Korean markets… |
| 45 | Republic of Korea Ministry 2024. Regulations on Cosmetic Safety Standards, etc. - MFDS Notice No. 2024-9, MFDS Notice No. 2024-9 | 2024 | Government report | KR Pb, Ni, tAs, tHg, Sb, Cd concentrations |
| 46 | Republic of Korea Ministry 2024. Korea MFDS Notice 2024-29 standards and specifications for utensils, containers and packages - part 1, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Notice | 2024 | Government report | KR Pb, Sb concentrations |
| 47 | Li et al. 2024. Arsenite S-Adenosylmethionine Methyltransferase Is Responsible for Antimony Biomethylation in Nostoc sp. PCC7120, Environmental Science & Technology, 2024, 58, 1934-1943 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CN Sb occurrence in Escherichia coli AW3110 and BL21(DE3) expressing Nostoc sp. PCC7120 ArsM, purified NsArsM enzyme, and an anaerobic enrichment culture… (n=three replicates for the culture and enzyme figures (error bars are standard deviations of three replicates)) |
| 48 | Liu et al. 2024. Integrated physiological, intestinal microbiota, and metabolomic responses of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to subacute exposure to antimony at environmentally relevant concentrations, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 277:116326 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Can Liu and colleagues exposed adult zebrafish for 14 days to antimony at 0, 30, 300, and 3000 µg/L. The… |
| 49 | Maisto et al. 2024. Effects of Food-Derived Antioxidant Compounds on In Vitro Heavy Metal Intestinal Bioaccessibility, Antioxidants | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IT tHg, Cd, tAs, Pb, Sb, Cu, Zn, Fe occurrence in Triplicate in vitro gastrointestinal digestion experiments using water spiked with standardized heavy-metal concentrations and treated with maltodextrin-based quercetin,… (n=3) |
| 50 | Marcelis 2024. Development of a generic safety assessment strategy for feminine intimate products, PhD thesis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel | 2024 | Thesis | EU/US/CN Li, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Se, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Sn, tHg occurrence in PhD thesis built around a market survey of 64 feminine intimate products from the EU, US, and Asia/China:… (n=64) |
| 51 | Mercan et al. 2024. Experimental study for inorganic and organic profiling of toy makeup products: Estimating the potential threat to child health, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 31: 33975–33992 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | TR/CN/EU Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Se, Sb, Pb, Zn occurrence in Sixty-three toy makeup products purchased from toy stores in Istanbul, Turkey, representing ten different brands coded BRAND A–J… (n=63) |
| 52 | Association 2024. OEKO-TEX® Limit values: New regulations 2024, OEKO-TEX® Service GmbH customer information notice, 09 January 2024, Zurich, Switzerland. Updates applicable test criteria, limit values, and requirements for the OEKO-TEX® STANDARD 100, ORGANIC COTTON, LEATHER STANDARD, ECO PASSPORT, and STeP certification labels; new values binding from 01 April 2024 after a three-month transition period. | 2024 | Industry | INT/EU/CH Pb, Cd, tAs, Sb, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, tHg occurrence in Not a primary-measurement study. The notice publishes the OEKO-TEX Association’s updated 2024 limit values for the STANDARD 100,… |
| 53 | Scientific Committee on Consumer 2024. Scientific Advice on Titanium dioxide (TiO2) (CAS/EC numbers 13463-67-7/236-675-5, 1317-70-0/215-280-1, 1317-80-2/215-282-2) (SCCS/1661/23), European Commission, SCCS/1661/23, adopted by written procedure 13 May 2024 (sccs_o_282) | 2024 | Government report | EU Pb, tAs, Sb, tHg, Cd, Ti occurrence in Applicant raw-material data on 44 pigmentary and 40 nano titanium dioxide grades used in cosmetics; no finished-product sampling (n=84) |
| 54 | U.S. Food and Drug 2024. 21 CFR 165.110 Bottled water, 21 CFR Ch. I (4-1-24 Edition) | 2024 | Government report | US tAs, Sb, Cd, Cr-total, Pb, tHg, Ni, Al concentrations |
| 55 | Amarh et al. 2023. Health risk assessment of some selected heavy metals in infant food sold in Wa, Ghana, Heliyon | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Sb concentrations and health risk assessment in infant/baby food (n=22) |
| 56 | ATSDR 2023. Exposure Dose Guidance for Soil/Sediment Dermal Absorption (Version 3), ATSDR / U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Public Health Service | 2023 | Government report | US As, Cd, Pb, Hg, MeHg, Ni, Cr, Cr-VI, Sb, Ba, Cu, Mn, Se, Ag, Tl, V, Zn, Be occurrence in Regulatory exposure-assessment guidance; no original sampling. Default ABSd and adherence-factor values from EPA RAGS Part E (2004); skin-surface… |
| 57 | BfR 2023. What’s in your food — BfR MEAL Study Final Report (Germany’s first Total Diet Study), BfR Science Report | 2023 | Government report | DE/EU Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg, MeHg, Ni, Al, Sn, Sb occurrence in Germany’s first Total Diet Study. Core element module: 869 pooled samples (868 for nitrate) comprised of 13,552 subsamples… (n=869) |
| 58 | Ciftci 2023. Determination of heavy metals and essential elements in nasal sprays and drops (Saline/Sea Water) and evaluation in terms of toxicity, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Al, Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn occurrence in Twenty-two saline, sea-water, or ocean-water nasal spray/drop samples sold as pharmacy products; the extracted text does not report… (n=22) |
| 59 | Deka et al. 2023. Monitoring Strategies for Heavy Metals in Foods and Beverages: Limitations for Human Health Risks, IntechOpen (Heavy Metals – Recent Advances) | 2023 | Book chapter | IN Pb, Cd, tHg, Cr, Cr-VI, tAs, Ni, Al, Sb, Mn, Fe, Co, Ba, Be occurrence in Narrative review chapter; no primary samples. Surveys analytical and remediation literature for heavy metals across foods and beverages… |
| 60 | Engrola et al. 2023. Arsenite oxidase in complex with antimonite and arsenite oxyanions: Insights into the catalytic mechanism, Journal of Biological Chemistry 299(8):105036 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | INT Sb concentrations |
| 61 | EU 2023. Decision (EU) 2023/1809, EU Ecolabel for absorbent hygiene products, Official Journal of the European Union, L 234, 22 September 2023, p. 142 | 2023 | Regulatory | EU Sb concentrations |
| 62 | FDA 2023. 21 CFR Part 73 color additives exempt from certification, 4-1-2023 edition, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Part 73 | 2023 | Government report | US tAs, Pb, tHg, Cd, Cr-total, Ni, Sb, Sn, Al concentrations |
| 63 | Gautam 2023. Health Risk Assessment: Heavy Metals (Antimony, Arsenic, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury, and Nickel) in Tattoo Ink (Intra-Dermal Contact), Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR) client report FW23035, prepared for Manatu Hauora/Te Whatu Ora | 2023 | Government report | NZ/EU/US Ba, Pb, Ni, Cr-VI, tHg, Cd, Sb, tAs occurrence in Agency health-risk assessment using maximum tattoo-ink metal concentrations selected from the 2012 New Zealand Ministry of Health survey… (n=169) |
| 64 | González-Torres et al. 2023. Comparative Study of the Presence of Heavy Metals in Edible Vegetable Oils, Applied Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | ES/EU/CN Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Sb occurrence in Systematic literature review: 35 vegetable oil types from 24 countries; studies published 2015–2022; n=64 studies synthesized |
| 65 | IARC 2023. IARC Monographs Volume 131, trivalent and pentavalent antimony, IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans, Volume 131 | 2023 | Regulatory | INT Sb concentrations |
| 66 | Lee et al. 2023. Occurrence and health risk assessment of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead in fresh fruits consumed in South Korea, Applied Biological Chemistry | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | KR tAs, Sb, Ba, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb occurrence in Fresh fruits collected from supermarkets in six South Korean regions, 14 fruit species, April–October 2019 (n=207) |
| 67 | Martín-Carrasco et al. 2023. Comparison between pollutants found in breast milk and infant formula in the last decade: A review, Science of the Total Environment | 2023 | Peer reviewed review | EU/MA/NG Pb, Cd, tHg, MeHg, tAs, Al, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn, Co, Sn, Se, Sb occurrence in Narrative review of 65 breast-milk studies and 73 infant-formula studies published 2012–2022, covering metals, heat-treatment products, pharmaceuticals, mycotoxins,… |
| 68 | Milani et al. 2023. Trace Elements in Soy-Based Beverages: A Comprehensive Study of Total Content and In Vitro Bioaccessibility, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Sb data: This A-tier peer-reviewed paper is the first promoted Category 5 occurrence source for the soy-based plant-milk row. |
| 69 | Nelson 2023. Cadmium and Other Metals in Children’s Jewelry 2018, Follow-up Study, Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Assessment Program, Publication 23-03-004 (January 2023) | 2023 | Regulatory | US Pb, Cd, Sb, tAs, Co, tHg occurrence in 38 component samples sub-sampled from 33 of 78 children’s jewelry and apparel-with-jewelry products purchased October-December 2018 from 17… (n=38) |
| 70 | New York State Department 2023. Toxic Chemicals in Children’s Products Program: Chemicals and Practical Quantitation Limits Under Consideration (Draft Update, Feb. 2023), NY DEC Toxic Chemicals in Children’s Products Program — stakeholder draft for public comment | 2023 | Regulation | US-NY Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Pb, tHg, MeHg, Ni occurrence in Draft regulatory chemical list — proposes Chemicals of Concern (COCs) and High Priority Chemicals (HPCs) plus practical quantitation… |
| 71 | Axford et al. 2023. A Feasibility Study Investigating Action Limits for Certain Heavy Metal Impurities in Cosmetic Products, UK Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS), BEIS/OPSS Contract Ref FM21190; report prepared by LGC | 2023 | Government report | UK/EU/US Sb, tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in 91 cosmetic products purchased from UK high-street stores and online retailers (~70/30 split) across low, mid and high… (n=91) |
| 72 | Pradhan 2023. Inductive coupled plasma analysis of Heracleum nepalense D. Don (Umbelliferae), Exploratory Animal and Medical Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cd, tAs, Hg, Al, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, U occurrence in Three ICP replicas from mature Heracleum nepalense fruit collected in Sikkim, India (n=3) |
| 73 | Rebellato et al. 2023. Inorganic Contaminants in Plant-Based Yogurts Commercialized in Brazil, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | BR Al, Cr, Co, Ni, tAs, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba, tHg, Pb occurrence in Forty-three samples of plant-based yogurt (17 different flavors across 5 brands) and 1 sample of cow-milk natural yogurt… (n=44) |
| 74 | Sadhya et al. 2023. Regulation in India of Heavy Metals in Food Items: A Critical Analysis, Environmental Analysis & Ecology Studies | 2023 | Review | IN Pb, Cu, tAs, Sn, Cd, tHg, MeHg, Cr, Ni, Se, Sb, Ba, Co, Fe, Li, Mn, Zn occurrence in Legal review of the Indian regulatory framework governing heavy metals in food and food packaging. No primary measurements… |
| 75 | Salles et al. 2023. Potentially Toxic Elements in Costume Cosmetics Used by Children and Adults Are Associated with Cancer Risk, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20:531 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | BR/US Al, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn occurrence in 95 samples of face paints (n=90) and pancakes (n=5) purchased at the largest high-street commercial center in São… (n=95) |
| 76 | Scientific Committee on Consumer 2023. The SCCS Notes of Guidance for the Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and Their Safety Evaluation, 12th Revision (SCCS/1647/22), European Commission, Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety | 2023 | Government report | EU Pb, Cd, As, tHg, Ni, Cr, Sb occurrence in Regulatory guidance document; no original sampling. Synthesises default exposure parameters from prior SCCS/SCCNFP opinions (notably SCCNFP/0321/00 retention factors,… |
| 77 | Wang et al. 2023. Spatial distribution, sources, and risks of heavy metals in soil from industrial areas of Hangzhou, eastern China, Environmental Earth Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Sb exposure in industrial settings: occupational biomonitoring and community health context |
| 78 | Xie et al. 2023. Associations of metal mixtures with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis: NHANES 2003–2018, Frontiers in Public Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Sb, Co, Cs, Mo, Tl, W, Ba occurrence in US adults, NHANES 2003–2018 (n=5548) |
| 79 | Xie et al. 2023. Quantitative source identification, risk assessment and pollution of heavy metals in soils around a typical Sb smelter in central and southern China, Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Sb contamination in soils surrounding a hydrometallurgical smelter in Hunan: source apportionment and health risk assessment |
| 80 | Zeldin et al. 2023. Antimony Compounds Associate with Atopic Dermatitis and Influence Models of Itch and Dysbiosis, Environmental Science & Technology Letters 10(5):452-457 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | US Sb concentrations |
| 81 | Zeng et al. 2023. Heavy metal risk of disposable food containers on human health, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CN Be, V, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cd, Cr, Co, Sb, Ba, Pb, Fe, Cu, Se occurrence in Disposable paper cups, plastic cups, plastic bags, and plastic bowls purchased through an online retail channel in China;… (n=28) |
| 82 | Zhang et al. 2023. Metal compositions of particle emissions from material extrusion 3D printing: Emission sources and indoor exposure modeling, Science of the Total Environment | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | US Al, Cr, Cd, tAs, Pb, Ni, Sn, Sb occurrence in Eight material-extrusion 3D-printing filaments and their emitted particle samples, including PLA, nylon, bronze-filled PLA, stainless-steel-filled filament, and flame-retarded… (n=8) |
| 83 | Souza et al. 2022. Determination of the Trace Element Contents of Fruit Juice Samples by ICP OES and ICP-MS, Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | ES/PT Al, tAs, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, Zn occurrence in 21 fruit juice and nectar samples: 16 commercial fruit juices, 2 commercial nectars, 2 laboratory-squeezed orange juices, and… (n=21) |
| 84 | FDA 2022. Total Diet Study Report: Fiscal Years 2018-2020 Elements Data, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Total Diet Study Program | 2022 | Government report | US Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg, Ni, Cr, U, Sb occurrence in Composite TDS samples across 307 foods (3,241 food/beverage samples + 35 bottled-water samples) collected across six US regions… (n=3276) |
| 85 | FDA 2022. FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical Results Key, FDA Total Diet Study supporting documentation | 2022 | Government report | FDA TDS FY2018-2020 analytical key: Sb measurement LODs and QA/QC parameters by food category |
| 86 | FDA 2022. FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical Results, FDA Total Diet Study | 2022 | Government dataset | US-FDA Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg, Ni, Cr, U, Sb occurrence in 3276 prepared food, beverage and water composites across 307 TDS foods, FY2018-FY2020 US collections (n=3276) |
| 87 | Gredilla et al. 2022. A Rapid Routine Methodology Based on Chemometrics to Evaluate the Toxicity of Commercial Infant Milks Due to Hazardous Elements, Food Analytical Methods | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | BR/CO Li, Al, Mg, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Se, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, tHg, Tl, Pb, Mo occurrence in Twelve commercial powdered milk formulas purchased in representative cities of Brazil and Colombia: nine child/infant milks and three… (n=12) |
| 88 | International Council for Harmonisation 2022. ICH Harmonised Guideline Q3D(R2): Guideline for Elemental Impurities, ICH Q3D(R2), final version adopted 26 April 2022 (Step 4) | 2022 | International guideline | ICH/US/EU Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Cr, Sn, Sb occurrence in Not applicable; harmonised guideline |
| 89 | Korean Agency for Technology 2022. KATS Notice 2022-0220, common safety standard for children’s products, MOTIE Notice No. 2022-0220, 14 December 2022, HWP converted to PDF | 2022 | Regulatory | KR Sb concentrations |
| 90 | Kletikova et al. 2022. Effect of Feed Additive on the Mineral Composition of Quail Blood, Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | RU Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Cr, Mn, Co, tAs, Li, Ni, Sb, Al, Ti, Pb, tHg, Cd occurrence in Ten control and ten experimental Japanese laying quails sampled for blood serum minerals at 120 days after the… (n=20) |
| 91 | Kowalczyk et al. 2022. Risk assessment of rare earth elements, antimony, barium, boron, lithium, tellurium, thallium and vanadium in teas, EFSA Journal 20(S1):e200410 | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | EU Sb concentrations |
| 92 | Modddaresi et al. 2022. Heavy metal content in cosmetic products: a comparative review on permissible levels in global regulatory requirements and available analytical tests, IFSCC 2022 full paper; Personal Care Regulatory Ltd, Cambridge, UK | 2022 | Review | EU/GB/US Pb, tAs, Cd, tHg, Sb, Ni, Cr, Co occurrence in Comparative regulatory and analytical-method review; no primary cosmetic product samples were collected or measured by this source. |
| 93 | Ravalli et al. 2022. Sociodemographic inequalities in uranium and other metals in community water systems across the USA, 2006–11: a cross-sectional study, The Lancet Planetary Health | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, U, Ba, Cr, Se, Cd, Sb, Hg, tl, Be occurrence in 37,915 community water systems (CWSs) across the USA; EPA SYR2 and SYR3 compliance monitoring records 2000–2011 (n=37915) |
| 94 | Sarkar et al. 2022. Drinking Water Quality and Public Health in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Coliform Bacteria, Chemical Contaminants, and Health Status of Consumers, Journal of Environmental and Public Health | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | NP Al, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, tHg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, U, V, Zn occurrence in 35 public drinking water sources (7 dug wells, 18 tube wells, 9 stone spouts, 1 municipal tap) in… (n=35) |
| 95 | Signes-Pastor et al. 2022. Dietary Exposure to Essential and Non-essential Elements During Infants’ First Year of Life in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, Exposure and Health | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, Pb, Cd, tHg, Al, Sb, Sn occurrence in Exclusively breastfed US infants enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS); urine collected at 6 weeks… (n=187) |
| 96 | Ungureanu et al. 2022. Occurrence of Potentially Toxic Elements in Bottled Drinking Water-Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risks Assessment in Adults via Ingestion, Foods | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | RO/EU Ba, Co, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Li, Fe, Pb, Cd, Cr, Sb occurrence in Bottled drinking water samples available on the Romanian market, purchased between 2019 and 2021 (n=50) |
| 97 | Wang et al. 2022. The Influence of Heavy Metals on Gastric Tumorigenesis, Journal of Oncology | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | CN As, Cr, Hg, Pb, Sb, Sn, Tl occurrence in 105 pathologically confirmed gastric cancer (GC) patients and 62 healthy controls recruited at Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi… (n=167) |
| 98 | WHO 2022. Guidelines for drinking-water quality: fourth edition incorporating the first and second addenda, World Health Organization | 2022 | Government report | WHO Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr-total, Pb, Ni concentrations |
| 99 | Wickrama-Arachchige et al. 2022. Comparative Study on the Distribution of Essential, Non-Essential Toxic, and Other Elements across Trophic Levels in Various Edible Aquatic Organisms in Sri Lanka and Dietary Human Risk Assessment, Toxics | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | LK Sn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Zn, tAs, Sb, Cd, tHg, Pb, Ni, Al, Mn, Co, Se occurrence in Eighty individual organisms representing 36 fresh samples from 29 edible aquatic species collected from local fish markets in… (n=80) |
| 100 | Biver et al. 2021. Antimony release from polyester textiles by artificial sweat solutions: A call for a standardized procedure, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 119:104824 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | EU Sb concentrations |
| 101 | Chu et al. 2021. Dynamic flow and pollution of antimony from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers in China, Science of the Total Environment | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | CN Sb occurrence in PET chips, grey fabric, dyed fabric, and process wastewater from factories in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, plus surface water… (n=PET, grey fabric, and dyed fabric from 7 factories (2 PET fiber, 2 weaving, 3 dyeing), three replicates each. Wastewater from those process outlets (Table 2). River work: 32 sediment sites and aqueous samples at those sites; 20 aqueous samples were above 5.0 μg/L. Individual river rows are in supplementary Tables S5 and S6, not in this text.) |
| 102 | Davis et al. 2021. Low levels of salivary metals, oral microbiome composition and dental decay, Scientific Reports | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Sb levels in saliva and oral microbiome composition associations in children |
| 103 | Federation) 2021. 영유아·어린이용 자외선 차단제 시험·평가 결과 (Test and evaluation results for infant and child sunscreens, attachments 1 and 2), Posted 12 April 2021 on 소비자24 (Consumer24, Korea Fair Trade Commission portal), 일반 비교정보 | 2021 | NGO report | KR Pb, Cd, tAs, Sb, tHg, Ni occurrence in 17 infant and child sunscreens sold in Korea, bought online in October 2020, selected by an expert committee… (n=17) |
| 104 | Deng et al. 2021. A Critical Review of Resistance and Oxidation Mechanisms of Sb-Oxidizing Bacteria for the Bioremediation of Sb(III) Pollution, Frontiers in Microbiology 12:738596 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | INT Sb concentrations |
| 105 | Kithure et al. 2021. How Safe is the Water Consumed in Different Parts of Nairobi, Kenya?, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | KE Pb, Cd, Sb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn occurrence in Seven commercial PET-bottled drinking water brands purchased from supermarkets in Nairobi County, Kenya; sampling carried out 2019–2020; brands… (n=7) |
| 106 | Stone 2021. Metals in Children’s and Consumer Products and Packaging, Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Publication 14-04-014 (Revised June 2021) | 2021 | Regulatory | US Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, tHg, Mo, Zn occurrence in 150 component samples submitted for laboratory metals analysis, sub-sampled from 101 children’s products purchased from local Washington stores… (n=150) |
| 107 | Ufelle et al. 2021. Toxic Effects of Metals (Chapter 23), in Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, Fourth Edition, Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, Fourth Edition. McGraw Hill Education | 2021 | Textbook chapter | Toxicology reference text on antimony: mechanisms of toxicity, target organs, and clinical manifestations |
| 108 | Xu et al. 2021. Leaching and in vivo bioavailability of antimony in PET bottled beverages, Environmental Science & Technology | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Sb occurrence in Fifty PET-bottled beverages in six categories: carbonated drinks, fruit juices, tea, sports drinks, protein drinks, and coffee. Plain… (n=50) |
| 109 | Allafi 2020. The effect of temperature and storage time on the migration of antimony from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into commercial bottled water in Kuwait, Acta Biomedica Atenei Parmensis 91(4):e2020105 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | INT Sb concentrations |
| 110 | Boreiko et al. 2020. Antimony and its compounds: Health impacts related to pulmonary toxicity, cancer, and genotoxicity, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 403:115156 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | US Sb occurrence in Invited review. Not a new exposure survey. |
| 111 | Parliament et al. 2020. Directive (EU) 2020/2184, drinking water, antimony parametric value, Official Journal of the European Union, L 435, 23 December 2020, p. 1 | 2020 | Regulatory | EU Sb concentrations |
| 112 | EU 2020. Commission Regulation (EU) 2020/2081 amending REACH Annex XVII as regards substances in tattoo inks or permanent make-up, Official Journal of the European Union | 2020 | Government report | EU tHg, Ni, Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr-VI, Pb concentrations |
| 113 | European Parliament and Council 2020. Directive (EU) 2020/2184 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2020 on the quality of water intended for human consumption, Official Journal of the European Union | 2020 | Government report | EU Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr-total, Pb, tHg, Ni, Al concentrations |
| 114 | International Organization for Standardization, 2020. ISO 8124-3:2020 — Safety of toys — Part 3: Migration of certain elements (Third edition, 2020-03), International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland; ISO 8124-3:2020(E), Third edition 2020-03 | 2020 | Regulatory | international Sb, tAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, tHg, Se occurrence in International voluntary consensus standard, not a sampling study. Specifies maximum acceptable migration levels and the associated analytical procedure… |
| 115 | Lukin et al. 2020. Mineral composition of chicken meat semi-finished products from different producers, Innovations and Food Safety | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | RU tAs, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Sn, Al, Sb occurrence in Chilled broiler drumsticks from two producers sold in Chelyabinsk, Russia |
| 116 | Oeko-Institut 2020. RoHS Annex II Dossier for Diantimony trioxide (flame retardant), RoHS Annex II Dossier, Version 3, 30 March 2020 | 2020 | Regulatory | EU Sb concentrations |
| 117 | State Administration for Market 2020. GB 21027-2020 学生用品的安全通用要求, National Standard of the People’s Republic of China | 2020 | Government report | CN Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr-total, Pb, tHg concentrations |
| 118 | ATSDR 2019. Toxicological Profile for Antimony and Compounds, ATSDR Toxicological Profile, October 2019 | 2019 | Regulatory | US Sb concentrations |
| 119 | Centre for Food Safety 2019. Guidelines on the Food Adulteration (Metallic Contamination) (Amendment) Regulation 2018, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service GAIN Report HK1922, relaying the Hong Kong Centre for Food Safety Guidelines for the Food Adulteration (Metallic Contamination) (Amendment) Regulation 2018 (Cap. 132V sub. leg.) | 2019 | Government report | HK Sb, tAs, iAs, Ba, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, MeHg, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, U occurrence in Not a sampling study. Regulatory document setting maximum levels (MLs) for 14 metallic contaminants across food and food… |
| 120 | Chekri et al. 2019. Trace element contents in foods from the first French Total Diet Study on infants and toddlers, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | Sb occurrence data from a Total Diet Study on infants and toddlers: concentrations across food categories |
| 121 | Kim et al. 2019. Heavy metal accumulation in and food safety of shark meat from Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, PLOS ONE | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | KR Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, tAs, Se, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb, tHg, MeHg occurrence in Six shark species sold at Moseulpo and Hallim fish markets on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, sampled October-December… (n=25) |
| 122 | Li et al. 2019. Evaluation of heavy metal migration from plastic food packaging materials to aqueous simulants by ICP-MS, Shimadzu Application News No. AD-0207 | 2019 | Application note | EU Al, tAs, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn occurrence in Three plastic food-packaging material types obtained from local food markets: polystyrene container, polypropylene container, and polyethylene film. (n=3) |
| 123 | Pankavec et al. 2019. Mineral Constituents of Conserved White Button Mushrooms: Similarities and Differences, Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene) | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Ni, Al, Cr, U, Sb occurrence in 100 unit packages of commercially available pickled white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) from 6 manufacturers sold in Gdańsk,… (n=100) |
| 124 | Aldayel et al. 2018. Heavy Metals Concentration in Facial Cosmetics, Natural Products Chemistry & Research 6(1): 1000303 | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | SA Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Al, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, U, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Co, Ag, Ba, V, Mo, Li occurrence in Thirty facial-cosmetic samples representing nine ‘most expensive’ facial-cosmetic brands purchased from the Saudi Arabian (Riyadh) market. Four product… (n=30) |
| 125 | Muniz et al. 2018. Evaluation of metals in tomato sauces stored in different types of packaging, Food Science and Technology | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | BR tAs, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Sb, Sn occurrence in 20 retail tomato sauce samples in 4 packaging types (plastic, metallic/canned, cellulosic, glass), 2 brands, Rio de Janeiro… (n=20) |
| 126 | Program 2018. Report on Carcinogens Monograph on Antimony Trioxide, RoC Monograph 13, October 2018 | 2018 | Regulatory | US Sb concentrations |
| 127 | Turner 2018. Concentrations and Migratabilities of Hazardous Elements in Second-Hand Children’s Plastic toys, Environmental Science & Technology 52(5):3110-3116 | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | GB Sb concentrations |
| 128 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2018. 2018 Edition of the Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories Tables, EPA 822-F-18-001 | 2018 | Government report | US Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr-total, Pb, Al concentrations |
| 129 | German Federal Office of 2017. Technically avoidable heavy metal contents in cosmetic products, Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety | 2017 | Government report | DE Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Sb concentrations |
| 130 | Syed et al. 2017. Heavy Metals Content in Low-Priced Toys, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 12(5):1499-1509 | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | MY/CN/EU Sb, tAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Ni, Se, Sr, Sn, Zn occurrence in 42 low-priced toys imported from China and purchased from convenience shops in an urban area of Selangor, central… (n=42) |
| 131 | Li et al. 2017. Abiotic and biotic factors responsible for antimonite oxidation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4, Scientific Reports 7:43225 | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | CN Sb concentrations |
| 132 | Program 2017. NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Antimony Trioxide (CASRN 1309-64-4) in Wistar Han [Crl:WI(Han)] Rats and B6C3F1/N Mice (Inhalation Studies), NTP Technical Report 590, December 2017 | 2017 | Regulatory | US Sb concentrations |
| 133 | Trumbull et al. 2017. Children’s Seasonal Products Report 2014-2015, Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Publication 16-04-029 (January 2017) | 2017 | Regulatory | US-WA/US Sb, tAs, Cd, Co, Pb, tHg, Mo occurrence in 189 component samples submitted for laboratory metals analysis, sub-sampled (by XRF prioritisation) from 6,878 individual components separated from… (n=189) |
| 134 | Turner et al. 2017. Field-portable XRF analysis reveals the ubiquity of antimony in plastic consumer products, Science of the Total Environment | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | Sb occurrence in Plastic consumer items and fixtures screened by portable XRF and grouped into nine use categories. Concentrations below are… |
| 135 | Chapa-Martínez et al. 2016. An evaluation of the migration of antimony from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic used for bottled drinking water, Science of the Total Environment | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | MX Sb occurrence in Colorless PET bottled non-carbonated low-mineral drinking water, 500 mL, purchased in the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Nuevo León,… (n=12 brands; at least 3 bottles each; analyses in triplicate. Migration factorial: 8 conditions × 2 replicates.) |
| 136 | Choi et al. 2016. Determination of heavy metals on the non-woven in wet wipes using ICP-MS, Journal of the Korean Oil Chemists’ Society 33(1):195-203 | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | KR Sb concentrations |
| 137 | EFSA 2016. Re-evaluation of titanium dioxide (E 171) as a food additive, EFSA Journal 2016;14(9):4545 | 2016 | Government report | EU Ti, Sb, tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Infants (12 weeks to 11 months), toddlers (12-35 months), children (3-9 years), adolescents (10-17 years), adults (18-64 years),… (n=Industry use levels n = 61 for 14 food categories. Dietary surveys from 19 European countries (Table 7). E 171 authorised in 51 foods.) |
| 138 | FSA 2016. Survey of metals in commercial infant foods, infant formula and non-infant specific foods, UK Food Standards Agency report FS102048 | 2016 | Government report | UK Food Standards Agency 2016 survey: Sb concentrations in infant foods and formula |
| 139 | Izah et al. 2016. A Review of Heavy Metal Concentration and Potential Health Implications of Beverages Consumed in Nigeria, Toxics | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | NG/GLOBAL Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, Cu, Mn, Zn occurrence in Narrative review of secondary data from Nigerian beverage studies published 2007-2016. No new measurements. Section 2 states the… |
| 140 | Karwowski et al. 2016. Toxicants in folk remedies: implications of elevated blood lead in an American-born infant due to imported diaper powder, Environmental Geochemistry and Health 39(5):1133-1143. Published online 4 October 2016. | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | Mateusz Karwowski and colleagues, with US Geological Survey geochemists, report a 9-month-old infant born in the United States whose venous… |
| 141 | Nguyen et al. 2016. Exposure of women to trace elements through the skin by direct contact with underwear clothing, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | Ag, Al, tAs, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, tHg, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, V, Zn occurrence in Women undergarments: 63 cotton, 44 nylon, and 13 polyester samples manufactured in 14 countries and purchased as direct-skin-contact… (n=120) |
| 142 | Qiao 2016. Public Health Goal for Antimony in Drinking Water, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, September 2016 | 2016 | Government report | US Sb concentrations |
| 143 | Piccinini et al. 2016. Safety of tattoos and permanent make-up. Final report, JRC Science for Policy report EUR 27947 EN, JRC101601; prepared for DG JUST under Administrative Arrangement N. 2014-33617 | 2016 | Government report | EU/CH/DE tAs, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cr-VI, Cu, tHg, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Sn, Zn occurrence in JRC synthesis of RAPEX notifications and national tattoo/permanent-make-up ink surveillance: 126 RAPEX alerts for tattoo/PMU inks through 2015… |
| 144 | Rovira et al. 2016. Trace elements in skin-contact clothes and migration to artificial sweat: Risk assessment of human dermal exposure, Textile Research Journal | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | ES Al, tAs, Cd, Cr, tHg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn occurrence in 37 skin-contact clothes bought in Reus and Tarragona, Catalonia: 9 T-shirts, 5 blouses, 6 underpants, 6 socks, 6… (n=37) |
| 145 | Sekerak 2016. Cadmium and Other Metals in Children’s Jewelry, Washington State Department of Ecology, Environmental Assessment Program, Publication 16-03-007 (March 2016) | 2016 | Regulatory | US Pb, Cd, Sb, tAs, Co, tHg, Mo occurrence in 38 component samples sub-sampled from 159 children’s jewelry products purchased September-October 2015 from 15 large south-Puget-Sound retail stores… (n=38) |
| 146 | Wan et al. 2016. Preliminary Assessment of Health Risks of Potentially Toxic Elements in Settled Dust over Beijing Urban Area, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | CN V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb occurrence in Sixty-two settled-dust samples collected mostly from outdoor surfaces of residential buildings in the Beijing urban area in spring… (n=62) |
| 147 | Carneado et al. 2015. Migration of antimony from polyethylene terephthalate used in mineral water bottles, Food Chemistry 166:544-550 | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | EU Sb concentrations |
| 148 | Heckmann et al. 2015. CMR Substances in Toys – Market Surveillance and Risk Assessment, Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products No. 141, 2015. Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Copenhagen. ISBN 978-87-93352-79-7. | 2015 | Regulatory agency report | DK/EU Sn, Al, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Sb, tAs occurrence in Phase 2 chemical analyses: 28 toy products extracted by the Danish EPA’s Chemical Inspection Service (CIS) from 30… (n=28) |
| 149 | Baxter et al. 2015. Total Diet Study of metals and other elements in food, Food and Environment Research Agency report for the UK Food Standards Agency, Fera report 15/06, project FS102081 | 2015 | Government report | GB Pb, Cd, iAs, tAs, tHg, Ni, Al, Cr, Sn, Sb occurrence in 3312 retail food samples from 24 UK locations, combined into 138 food categories and 28 food groups, all… (n=3312) |
| 150 | Directorate 2015. Quality of Natural Health Products Guide, Health Canada, Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate, Version 3.1, May 1, 2015 | 2015 | Government report | CA tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Sb, MeHg concentrations |
| 151 | Li et al. 2015. Proteomics and genetics for identification of a bacterial antimonite oxidase in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Environmental Science and Technology 49(10):5980-5989 | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | Jingxin Li, Gejiao Wang, and colleagues identify AnoA, an oxidoreductase in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4 that oxidizes antimonite. The copy in… |
| 152 | Lo et al. 2015. Simultaneous Determination of As, Cu, Cr, Se, Sn, Cd, Sb and Pb Levels in Infant Formulas by ICP-MS after Microwave-Assisted Digestion: Method Validation, Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | IT tAs, Cr, Sn, Cd, Pb, Sb occurrence in infant formula samples analyzed during ICP-MS method validation |
| 153 | Mathieu et al. 2015. Chemicals of High Concern to Children in Children’s Clothing, Footwear, and Accessories, Washington State Department of Ecology Publication 15-03-039, November 2015 | 2015 | Regulatory | US Sb concentrations |
| 154 | Rovira et al. 2015. Human exposure to trace elements through the skin by direct contact with clothing: Risk assessment, Environmental Research | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | ES Al, tAs, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Sb, Sn occurrence in Clothing bought in Reus and Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain, from sport stores, chain stores, brand stores, and hypermarkets. Fibres… (n=31 skin-contact garments: seven T-shirts, six blouses, six underpants, six bodysuits, and six baby pyjamas. Coloured n=16, white n=15. Branded n=10, unbranded n=21. Three eco-labelled among the 31.) |
| 155 | Savic et al. 2015. The Presence of Minerals in Clear Orange Juices, Advanced Technologies | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | RS Ag, Al, tAs, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn occurrence in Seven clear orange-juice samples with 50% fruit content, produced by different manufacturers and purchased from the local market… (n=7) |
| 156 | EU 2014. Decision 2014/350/EU, EU Ecolabel for textile products, original Official Journal, Official Journal of the European Union, L 174, 13 June 2014, p. 45 | 2014 | Regulatory | EU Sb concentrations |
| 157 | FSA 2014. Survey of metals and other elements in commercial infant foods, infant formula and non-infant specific foods, Food Standards Agency report | 2014 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, iAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn occurrence in Forty-seven infant formula samples, 200 commercial infant foods, and 50 composite ‘other foods’ samples purchased from UK retail… (n=297) |
| 158 | Llorent-Martínez et al. 2014. Quantitation of Metals During the Extraction of Virgin Olive Oil from Olives Using ICP-MS after Microwave-assisted Acid Digestion, Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | ES/EU Al, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, tAs, Cd, Sb, Pb occurrence in Picual, Hojiblanca, and Arbequina olive fruits collected January 2012/13 from an irrigated orchard in Jaén (Andalusia), Spain; analyzed… |
| 159 | Aghaee et al. 2014. Effects of storage time and temperature on the antimony and some trace element release from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into the bottled drinking water, Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 12:133 | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | IR Sb concentrations |
| 160 | Scientific Committee on Consumer 2014. Opinion on Titanium Dioxide (nano form), COLIPA S 75 (SCCS/1516/13), European Commission, SCCS/1516/13, adopted 22 July 2013, revision of 22 April 2014 (sccs_o_136) | 2014 | Government report | EU Pb, tAs, Sb, tHg, Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, Ti, Fe occurrence in Regulatory opinion on fifteen nano titanium dioxide materials (S75-A to S75-O) in the applicant submission; no product sampling (n=15) |
| 161 | Brigden et al. 2013. Hazardous chemicals in branded textile products, antimony results, Greenpeace Research Laboratories Technical Report 06/2013, December 2013 | 2013 | Technical report | INT Sb concentrations |
| 162 | Centre for Food Safety 2013. The First Hong Kong Total Diet Study: Metallic Contaminants, Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region | 2013 | Government report | HK Al, Sb, Cd, Pb, MeHg, Ni, Sn occurrence in Hong Kong general adult population; 150 TDS food items purchased on 4 occasions (March 2010 to February 2011),… (n=1800) |
| 163 | EC 2013. Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC — An Explanatory Guidance Document (Rev 1.7), European Commission, Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General, Single Market for Goods; Rev 1.7, 13/12/2013 | 2013 | Government report | EU Al, Sb, tAs, Ba, B, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Ni, Se, Sr, Sn occurrence in Regulatory guidance document interpreting EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC, including the 19-element migration-limit table at Annex II Part… |
| 164 | Salud et al. 2012. NOM-252-SSA1-2011, Salud ambiental. Juguetes y artículos escolares. Límites de biodisponibilidad de metales pesados. Especificaciones químicas y métodos de prueba., Diario Oficial de la Federación | 2012 | Government report | MX Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr-total, Pb, tHg concentrations |
| 165 | Guney et al. 2012. Heavy Metals in Toys and Low-Cost Jewelry: Critical Review of U.S. and Canadian Legislations and Recommendations for Testing, Environmental Science & Technology, 2012, 46, 4265-4274 | 2012 | Review | US/CA/EU Pb, Cd, Sb, tAs, Ba, Cr, tHg, Se occurrence in not a primary sampling study. Review of U.S., Canadian, and European Union toy and jewelry legislation and of… |
| 166 | Canada 2012. Guidance on Heavy Metal Impurities in Cosmetics, Health Canada Consumer Product Safety guidance | 2012 | Government guidance | CA/DE/US Pb, tAs, Cd, tHg, Sb occurrence in Health Canada cosmetic-impurity guidance based on toxicology review, comparison with other program limits, German technical-avoidability limits, and Health… |
| 167 | Johnson et al. 2012. Status Report: Review of Metals in the Toy Safety Standard, ASTM F 963, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Status Report, Directorate for Health Sciences, 14 March 2012; bundles Versar/SRC final contractor report Contract CPSC-D-06-0006 Task Order 008 dated 16 July 2010 | 2012 | Regulatory | US/EU Sb, iAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Pb, iHg, Se occurrence in Regulatory status report, not a sampling study. The bundled Versar/SRC literature review covered ~13,000 references identified between 2000… |
| 168 | General Administration of Quality 2012. GB 28480-2012 饰品 有害元素限量的规定, National Standard of the People’s Republic of China | 2012 | Government report | CN Ni, tAs, Cr-VI, tHg, Pb, Cd, Sb, Cr-total concentrations |
| 169 | Stone 2012. Quality Assurance Project Plan: Formaldehyde, Volatile Organic Compounds and Metals in Children’s Products, Washington State Department of Ecology, Publication 12-07-024 (April 2012) | 2012 | Regulatory | US-WA Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, tHg occurrence in Planning document only. No samples are analyzed in this plan. |
| 170 | Stone 2012. Quality Assurance Project Plan: Parabens and Metals in Children’s Cosmetic and Personal Care Products, Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Publication 12-07-021 (February 2012) | 2012 | Regulatory | US-WA/US Sb, tAs, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, tHg, Mo, Zn occurrence in Planning document only; no samples analysed within this QAPP. The QAPP scopes a planned procurement of approximately 200… |
| 171 | Stone 2012. Quality Assurance Project Plan: Phthalates and Metals in Children’s Products, Washington State Department of Ecology, Publication 12-07-023 (March 2012) | 2012 | Regulatory | US-WA Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, tHg occurrence in Planning document only. No samples are analyzed in this plan. |
| 172 | Stone 2012. Quality Assurance Project Plan: Phthalates and Metals in Packaging from Consumer and Children’s Products, Washington State Department of Ecology, Publication 12-07-022 (February 2012) | 2012 | Regulatory | US-WA Sb, tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Planning document only. No samples are analyzed in this plan. |
| 173 | Tukur et al. 2012. PET bottle use patterns and antimony migration into bottled water and soft drinks: the case of British and Nigerian bottles, Journal of Environmental Monitoring | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | GB/NG Sb, Cd, Pb, Al, Zn occurrence in PET, glass, and some other packages of still water, sparkling water, and soft drinks from Britain and Nigeria… (n=32 PET materials (14 Nigerian, 18 British). 47 freshly purchased British bottled waters and soft drinks. Storage and heating experiments use smaller subsets (7 Nigerian; 11 British; 10 PET bottles at three temperatures; 18 PET and 2 glass at 60 °C).) |
| 174 | UL 2012. Chemicals in Children’s Toys: Addressing Stricter Limits and Environmental Concerns, UL LLC White Paper (UL Environment), 8 pp. | 2012 | Industry | US/EU Pb, Cd, tHg, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Al, Sb occurrence in No primary contamination measurements. UL LLC marketing white paper introducing UL 172, the voluntary UL Standard for Sustainability… |
| 175 | Publica 2012. Uruguay Reglamento Bromatologico Nacional, 5th edition: inorganic contaminant and metal migration limits, Reglamento Bromatologico Nacional, quinta edicion | 2012 | Government report | UY Sb, tAs, Pb, Sn, tHg, Cd concentrations |
| 176 | Canada 2011. Toys Regulations (SOR/2011-17), Justice Laws Website | 2011 | Government report | CA Pb, tHg, Sb, tAs, Cd concentrations |
| 177 | Thomas et al. 2011. Connection between Multimetal(loid) Methylation in Methanoarchaea and Central Intermediates of Methanogenesis, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77(24):8669-8675 | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | INT Sb concentrations |
| 178 | Hitchcock et al. 2010. Trouble in Toyland: The 25th Annual Survey of Toy Safety, U.S. PIRG Education Fund, November 2010 | 2010 | NGO report | US Pb, Sb, Cd occurrence in 98 toys and children’s jewelry purchased at retail in September-October 2010 and XRF-screened (337 individual XRF screens performed… (n=260) |
| 179 | Tjandraatmadja et al. 2010. Sources of contaminants in domestic wastewater: nutrients and additional elements from household products, CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country National Research Flagship Report (Smart Water Fund Round 3 — Project 5), February 2010 (ISSN 1835-095X) | 2010 | Industry | AU Sb, Cr, Co, Mo, Se occurrence in One hundred and fifty-six household and personal-care products purchased from major supermarkets in Melbourne, Australia between February and… (n=156) |
| 180 | Diaz-Bone et al. 2009. Biovolatilization of Metal(loid)s by Intestinal Microorganisms in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem, Environmental Science & Technology, 2009, 43, 5249-5256 | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | DE/BE tAs, Sn, Sb, tHg, Pb occurrence in in vitro Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem colon and rectum suspensions, inoculated with fecal microbiota from… (n=triplicate batch incubations (n = 3). Microbiota from one healthy adult male fecal inoculum in the SHIME, sampled after a 3-week stabilization.) |
| 181 | Parliament et al. 2009. Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products (recast), Official Journal of the European Union, L 342, 22.12.2009, p. 59-209 | 2009 | Regulation | EU Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Sb, Ni, Cr, Be, Se, Tl, Al, Sr, Zr occurrence in Not applicable. This is the EU horizontal cosmetic-products regulation, not a market survey. The document text is the… |
| 182 | Parliament et al. 2009. Directive 2009/48/EC on the safety of toys, original Official Journal, Official Journal of the European Union, L 170, 30 June 2009, p. 1 | 2009 | Regulatory | EU Sb concentrations |
| 183 | Keresztes et al. 2009. Leaching of antimony from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles into mineral water, Science of the Total Environment | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | HU Sb occurrence in Ten brands of still and sparkling Hungarian mineral water bought in supermarkets, in PET volumes from 0.33 to… (n=10) |
| 184 | Services 2009. Canada Publishes Legislated Heavy Metal Requirements for Toys Containing Surface Coating Materials, SGS SafeGuards Bulletin No. 181/09, Hardlines, Softlines, Electrical & Electronic, October 2009 | 2009 | Trade publication | CA/US Pb, Sb, tAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, tHg, Se occurrence in Regulatory-summary trade bulletin. No primary sampling or measurement. Summarises legal limits and test methods from (i) the Health… |
| 185 | Committee on Toxicity of 2008. COT Statement on the 2006 UK Total Diet Study of Metals and Other Elements, Committee on Toxicity statement | 2008 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, iAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Mo, Ni, Se, Sn, Tl, Zn occurrence in 2006 UK Total Diet Study: 119 food categories combined into 20 prepared-as-consumed food groups for metals and other… (n=20) |
| 186 | Development 2008. SIDS Initial Assessment Profile: Diantimony trioxide, OECD SIAM 27, 14 to 16 October 2008, CAS 1309-64-4 | 2008 | Regulatory | INT Sb concentrations |
| 187 | Westerhoff et al. 2008. Antimony leaching from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic used for bottled drinking water, Water Research | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | US Sb occurrence in PET bottled waters purchased in summer 2006 in the southwestern United States (Arizona), plus Tempe tap water. Results… (n=9 commercial bottled waters (at least two bottles each). Temperature series and sunlight tests used one brand (ID 9), often in triplicate. Plastic digest: five replicates of one bottle.) |
| 188 | Poulsen et al. 2007. A survey and health assessment of cosmetic products for children, Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products, No. 88, 2007 (Danish Ministry of the Environment, Environmental Protection Agency) | 2007 | Government report | DK/EU Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, Ba, Se occurrence in 10 cosmetic-product packaging materials selected from 208 children’s cosmetic products (ages 3-14) mapped on the Danish market April-June… (n=10) |
| 189 | Shotyk et al. 2007. Contamination of Bottled Waters with Antimony Leaching from Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Increases upon Storage, Environmental Science & Technology | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | CA/EU Sb occurrence in The opening states antimony was determined in 132 brands from 28 countries. This paper remeasures the earlier Canadian… (n=132) |
| 190 | Kawamura et al. 2006. Contents of Eight Harmful Elements in Baby Toys and Their Migration Tests, Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 47(2):51-57 | 2006 | Peer-reviewed | JP Sb concentrations |
| 191 | Nilsson et al. 2006. Survey and health assesment of chemicals substances in sex toys, Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products No. 77, 2006. Danish Environmental Protection Agency. | 2006 | Regulatory agency report | DK/EU Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb occurrence in 16 sex toys and fetish-clothing products purchased for Danish EPA screening: soft-vinyl, natural-latex/rubber, thermoplastic-rubber/SEBS, and hard-plastic products including… (n=16) |
| 192 | Shotyk 2006. Think before you drink: antimony contamination from Arctic snow to bottled water, Canadian Chemical News, May 2006, pp. 18-20 | 2006 | News | William Shotyk’s commentary in Canadian Chemical News (May 2006, pages 18 to 20) connects antimony in Arctic snow with antimony… |
| 193 | Shotyk et al. 2006. Contamination of Canadian and European bottled waters with antimony from PET containers, Journal of Environmental Monitoring 8:288-292 | 2006 | Peer-reviewed | William Shotyk, Michael Krachler, and Bin Chen measured antimony by ICP-sector-field mass spectrometry in Canadian and European bottled waters and… |
| 194 | Danish Environmental Protection Agency 2005. Survey of chemical substances in consumer products No. 60, chapter 3, wooden toys, Survey no. 60, migration and health assessment, surface-treated wooden toys, chapter 3, July 2005 | 2005 | Regulatory | DK Sb concentrations |
| 195 | Shotyk et al. 2005. Natural abundance of Sb and Sc in pristine groundwaters, Springwater Township, Ontario, Canada, and implications for tracing contamination from landfill leachates, Journal of Environmental Monitoring | 2005 | Peer-reviewed | CA Sb occurrence in Unfiltered groundwaters from natural flows and wells between Elmvale and Wyevale, Springwater Township, Ontario, collected 2004–2005, plus one… (n=Sb average n=34 groundwater samples; Sc average n=28. Table 1 reports site means, including replicates (n=3 or n=6) at some wells and flows. Surface swamp and creek are additional.) |
| 196 | EFSA 2004. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to a 2nd list of substances for food contact materials, The EFSA Journal (2004) 24, 1-13. Adopted 7 January 2004. | 2004 | Government report | The EFSA Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food adopted this opinion on 7… |
| 197 | Shin et al. 2004. Hazardous substance analysis of disposable diaper for infant, Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles 28(1):165-171 | 2004 | Peer-reviewed | KR/JP/US Sb, tAs, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, tHg occurrence in Eleven disposable infant diapers: three bought in Korea, three in Japan, three in the United States, and two… (n=11) |
| 198 | Committee on Toxicity of 2003. COT statement on a survey of metals in infant food, Committee on Toxicity statement | 2003 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn occurrence in Commercial UK baby foods and formulae, including infant formulae, manufactured baby foods, desserts, rusks, and infant drinks, surveyed… (n=189) |
| 199 | WHO 2003. Antimony in drinking-water, background document, WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, background document WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/74 | 2003 | Regulatory | INT Sb concentrations |
| 200 | WHO 2003. Antimony, chemical fact sheet, Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, chemical fact sheets, assessment date 2003 | 2003 | Regulatory | INT Sb concentrations |