Determination of heavy metals and essential elements in nasal sprays and drops (Saline/Sea Water) and evaluation in terms of toxicity

Overview

Ciftci measured heavy metals and essential elements in 22 saline, sea-water, or ocean-water nasal spray/drop products by ICP-MS. The paper reports product-liquid concentrations in µg/L; it is a finished-product occurrence source, but the current taxonomy has no nasal-spray product slug. Arsenic is reported as total arsenic from elemental ICP-MS, not inorganic arsenic.

Key numbers

• Sample frame: 22 saline samples coded A1-L2; each sample result in Table 4 is reported as mean ± standard deviation with n = 6.
• Aluminum ranged from ND to 106.68 ± 6.22 µg/L in sample A2; no measured aluminum concentration exceeded the cited 200.00 µg/L drinking-water comparator.
• Antimony ranged from 0.12 to 8.74 µg/L; sample G1 was 8.74 ± 1.52 µg/L, and sample G2 was 4.63 ± 0.77 µg/L.
• Total arsenic ranged from 0.05 to 2.55 µg/L; the highest table value was sample G1 at 2.55 ± 1.16 µg/L.
• Cadmium was ND in every sample; the paper gives the cadmium limit of detection as 0.04 µg/L.
• Chromium ranged from 0.21 to 6.56 µg/L; sample B1 was 6.56 ± 0.41 µg/L.
• Copper ranged from 0.04 ± 0.01 µg/L in D2 to 606 ± 38 µg/L in H2; H1 was also high at 588 ± 14 µg/L, with G1 and G2 at 267 ± 5 and 276 ± 11 µg/L.
• Lead ranged from ND to 1.98 ± 0.19 µg/L; A1 and A2 were 1.98 ± 0.19 and 1.87 ± 0.04 µg/L.
• Manganese ranged from ND to 17.57 ± 8.60 µg/L in L2; L1 was 16.99 ± 7.97 µg/L.
• Nickel was ND in every sample; the paper gives the nickel limit of detection as 0.05 µg/L.
• Zinc ranged from ND to 128.34 ± 10.44 µg/L; D2 carried the maximum table value.
• Non-routing elements: boron ranged from 129 ± 43 to 10057 ± 648 µg/L; silicon ranged from 355 ± 31 to 3106 ± 270 µg/L.

Methods (brief)

The author analyzed Al, Sb, As, B, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Si, and Zn using an Agilent 7900 quadrupole ICP-MS. Calibration standards were 1.0, 5.0, 20.0, 50.0, 250.0, and 500.0 µg/L. Quality checks included standard addition and a seawater certified reference material. Standard-addition recoveries ranged from 83% to 115%; CRM recoveries ranged from 82% to 108%, including arsenic 87 ± 2%, cadmium 85 ± 2%, lead 88 ± 4%, and zinc 83 ± 2%.

Related evidence

• Arsenic, Total
• Lead
• Cadmium
• Chromium
• Nickel
• Copper

Update history

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