Ciftci 2023 - metals in saline and sea-water nasal sprays

Ciftci measured heavy metals and essential elements in 22 saline, sea-water, or ocean-water nasal spray/drop products by ICP-MS. The paper reports product-liquid concentrations in µg/L; it is a finished-product occurrence source, but the current taxonomy has no nasal-spray product slug. Arsenic is reported as total arsenic from elemental ICP-MS, not inorganic arsenic.

Key numbers

• Sample frame: 22 saline samples coded A1-L2; each sample result in Table 4 is reported as mean ± standard deviation with n = 6.
• Aluminum ranged from ND to 106.68 ± 6.22 µg/L in sample A2; no measured aluminum concentration exceeded the cited 200.00 µg/L drinking-water comparator.
• Antimony ranged from 0.12 to 8.74 µg/L; sample G1 was 8.74 ± 1.52 µg/L, and sample G2 was 4.63 ± 0.77 µg/L.
• Total arsenic ranged from 0.05 to 2.55 µg/L; the highest table value was sample G1 at 2.55 ± 1.16 µg/L.
• Cadmium was ND in every sample; the paper gives the cadmium limit of detection as 0.04 µg/L.
• Chromium ranged from 0.21 to 6.56 µg/L; sample B1 was 6.56 ± 0.41 µg/L.
• Copper ranged from 0.04 ± 0.01 µg/L in D2 to 606 ± 38 µg/L in H2; H1 was also high at 588 ± 14 µg/L, with G1 and G2 at 267 ± 5 and 276 ± 11 µg/L.
• Lead ranged from ND to 1.98 ± 0.19 µg/L; A1 and A2 were 1.98 ± 0.19 and 1.87 ± 0.04 µg/L.
• Manganese ranged from ND to 17.57 ± 8.60 µg/L in L2; L1 was 16.99 ± 7.97 µg/L.
• Nickel was ND in every sample; the paper gives the nickel limit of detection as 0.05 µg/L.
• Zinc ranged from ND to 128.34 ± 10.44 µg/L; D2 carried the maximum table value.
• Non-routing elements: boron ranged from 129 ± 43 to 10057 ± 648 µg/L; silicon ranged from 355 ± 31 to 3106 ± 270 µg/L.

Methods (brief)

The author analyzed Al, Sb, As, B, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Si, and Zn using an Agilent 7900 quadrupole ICP-MS. Calibration standards were 1.0, 5.0, 20.0, 50.0, 250.0, and 500.0 µg/L. Quality checks included standard addition and a seawater certified reference material. Standard-addition recoveries ranged from 83% to 115%; CRM recoveries ranged from 82% to 108%, including arsenic 87 ± 2%, cadmium 85 ± 2%, lead 88 ± 4%, and zinc 83 ± 2%.

Implications

Certification (HMTc): This is occurrence evidence for a finished nasal spray/drop liquid, but the HMI closed product vocabulary currently has no nasal-spray row. The page is therefore held as source evidence with products left empty until a respiratory/nasal product category exists.

Courses: The paper is a clear example of why route of exposure matters: the author compares product-liquid values to drinking-water limits but also states that oral-reference-dose comparisons are not directly accurate for nasal administration.

App: The source can support a product-detail note for saline or sea-water nasal sprays if such a product row is added, especially for tAs, Sb, Cu, Pb, and Al screening values in µg/L.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• arsenic-total
• lead
• cadmium
• chromium
• nickel
• copper

Verification notes

• PDF text was extracted with pdftotext -layout to /tmp/hmi_row_1541.txt; Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, and the Results bullets were re-read before writing.
• Identity checks before creation: DOI 10.1007/s11356-023-29133-0, raw handle MFK_determination-of-heavy-metals-and-essential-elements-in, raw SHA-256 a18932754afbd03728682a8a214f8d52a14c23cec5b50c42040f16efb2d94abc, and cite key ciftci2023-nasal-sprays-drops-metals were searched in wiki/sources/ and evidence files; no existing source page was found.
• Units are preserved as µg/L; no conversion to ppb or mg/L was made.
• Speciation: ICP-MS measured elemental arsenic after direct liquid analysis. This page labels arsenic as tAs and does not infer inorganic arsenic.
• Brand firewall: the source uses sample codes only; no brand names are reported or attached to values.
• Closed-vocabulary note: no nasal-spray product slug exists in docs/gpt-collaboration/taxonomy-snapshot.md, so products: [] is intentional and the matrix terms are descriptive.

Page history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.