Inorganic arsenic (iAs) denotes the trivalent and pentavalent arsenic oxyanions that arise primarily from geogenic sources and agricultural uptake. Inorganic arsenic is classified as a human carcinogen and is the fraction of dietary arsenic that governs regulatory posture in most jurisdictions. Rice and rice-derived ingredients dominate population-level inorganic arsenic exposure from food, with apple juice and some root vegetables as secondary contributors. The distinction between inorganic and total arsenic is maintained throughout this wiki because the toxicological and regulatory implications of the two quantities differ sharply; see arsenic, total for the companion page.
Ufelle & Barchowsky 2021 supports this species page with textbook-level context on inorganic arsenic absorption, methylation, urinary excretion, skin/hair/nail biomarkers, acute and chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, and treatment. It is a toxicology source, not a food occurrence dataset.
Status
This page is a scaffold. Regulatory rows for EU 2023/915 and FDA infant rice cereal/apple juice have been partially routed, but the full toxicology and occurrence synthesis still awaits corpus ingest.
Regulatory Limits
| Jurisdiction / Body | Type | Value | Page |
|---|---|---|---|
| EU | Binding maximum levels in food | Infant formula powder 20 ug/kg; infant formula liquid 10 ug/kg; baby food 20 ug/kg; fruit juices/nectars 20 ug/kg; rice destined for infant/young-child food 100 ug/kg; non-parboiled milled rice 150 ug/kg; parboiled/husked rice and rice flour 250 ug/kg; rice cakes/crackers/flakes/popped rice 300 ug/kg; non-alcoholic rice-based drinks 30 ug/kg | eu2023-contaminants-maximum-levels, eu2023-arsenic-rice-based-drinks |
| US FDA | Final guidance action level | Infant rice cereal 100 ug/kg iAs | fda2020-inorganic-arsenic-infant-rice-cereal |
| US FDA | Final guidance action level | Apple juice 10 ug/kg iAs | fda2023-inorganic-arsenic-apple-juice |
The EU rows are binding maximum levels. The FDA rows are final guidance action levels and should be labeled as such on product pages.
Planned sections
Toxicology, typical exposure routes, food sources (linked to ingredients), regulatory limits (linked to regulations), testing methods including speciation (linked to testing), microbiome effects (linked to microbiome), vulnerable populations, open questions, and sources.
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The “Used on this page for” column is populated by the orchestrator’s POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | D’Amato et al. 2026. Inorganic Arsenic in Rice-Based Beverages: Occurrence in Products Available on the Italian Market and Dietary Exposure Assessment, Foods | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | iAs dietary exposure estimates in rice and rice products |
| 2 | Largueza et al. 2026. Essential and Potentially Toxic Elements in Commercial Milk Formulas: Health Risk Assessment Through a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Biological Trace Element Research | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | BR/EU/US Al, iAs, tAs, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, MeHg, Mn, Ni, Pb, U, Zn occurrence in Systematic review with meta-analysis of 30 observational studies (PRISMA, OSF.IO/2YNKB registered), 18 with pooled meta-analysis data, covering three… (n=30) |
| 3 | WHO 2026. WHO GEMS/Food contaminants database (Global Environment Monitoring System — Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme), WHO GEMS/Food | 2026 | Agency database | global Pb, Cd, tHg, iAs, tAs, Al, Cr, Ni, Sn concentrations |
| 4 | WHO 2026. GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exports, GEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme | 2026 | Government dataset | WHO GEMS/Food contaminants database: global iAs occurrence monitoring data across food commodities |
| 5 | Zhang et al. 2026. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Exogenous Calcium Synergistically Alleviate Arsenic Stress in Cotton Seedlings, Journal of Fungi | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | CN iAs occurrence in Cotton seedlings grown in a controlled pot experiment with arsenate-spiked soil, Funneliformis mosseae inoculation, and exogenous calcium treatments (n=24) |
| 6 | Navaretnam et al. 2025. Arsenic speciation using HPLC-ICP-MS in white and brown rice and health risk assessment, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | MY/EU tAs, iAs occurrence in 30 rice samples (15 white, 15 brown) randomly purchased from local supermarkets in Klang Valley, Selangor, Malaysia, March-April… (n=30) |
| 7 | Navaretnam et al. 2025. Arsenic speciation using HPLC-ICP-MS in white and brown rice and health risk assessment (near-duplicate cluster entry), Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | tAs, iAs concentrations from the cited dataset |
| 8 | Barber et al. 2025. Toxic elements in baby and young children’s foods in the US and correlation to ingredients, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, iAs, Cd, tHg, MeHg, Pb, Tl occurrence in Non-targeted 2023 FDA convenience survey of 566 foods intended for babies, young children, pregnant women, and nursing mothers:… (n=566) |
| 9 | Chen et al. 2025. Probabilistic assessment of the cumulative risk from dietary heavy metal exposure in Chongqing, China using a hazard-driven approach, Scientific Reports 15:2229 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN/EU Pb, Cd, iAs, MeHg occurrence in 969 participants from China Health and Nutrition Survey 2018, Chongqing Municipality: 31 preschoolers (3-6 yr), 113 adolescents (7-17… (n=969) |
| 10 | Cwielag-Drabek et al. 2025. Heavy Metal Content in Tattoo and Permanent Makeup Inks and European Standards-Is There Still a Health Risk?, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EU Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Cu, iAs, Co, Sb, Se, Mn, tHg occurrence in Commercial tattoo inks, permanent makeup inks, and dual-use inks purchased in the European Union in 2022-2023 (n=41) |
| 11 | Dai et al. 2025. The balance between microbial arsenic methylation and demethylation in paddy soils underpins global arsenic risk and straighthead disease in rice, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | iAs microbial methylation/demethylation: gut microbiota roles in speciation and bioaccessibility |
| 12 | Du et al. 2025. Heavy metal exposures in aerodigestive clinic cohort of infants with reflux or dysphagia, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, iAs, Pb, tHg, Cd, Sn, Cr, Ni, U occurrence in Infants under 1 year of age with reflux or oropharyngeal dysphagia seen at Boston Children’s Hospital aerodigestive clinic,… (n=56) |
| 13 | EPA 2025. IRIS Toxicological Review of Inorganic Arsenic, EPA/635/R-25/005Fa, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Risk Information System | 2025 | Government report | EPA IRIS toxicological review for inorganic arsenic: oral reference dose, inhalation unit risk, and dose-response derivation |
| 14 | Gao et al. 2025. Wild Cordyceps sinensis exhibits far lower arsenic accumulation and hepatorenal toxicity in mice compared to equivalent dose of inorganic arsenic, Frontiers in Pharmacology | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, iAs occurrence in Eighteen CD-1 mice assigned to control, wild Cordyceps sinensis, and inorganic arsenic groups. (n=18) |
| 15 | Groleau et al. 2025. Improving nutritional intakes and reducing metal(loid) exposures from wild fish broth among Inuit pregnant women, Science of the Total Environment | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CA tHg, MeHg, tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb, Se, Fe, K occurrence in Nunavik (northern Quebec), Canada; Inuit country food samples including lake trout (n=43 large >0.5 kg, additional smaller specimens),… (n=140) |
| 16 | Houlihan et al. 2025. What’s in your family’s rice? Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in Popular Rice Brands - Plus 9 Safer Grains to Try, Healthy Babies Bright Futures (HBBF) report | 2025 | Government report | US tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in 211 retail grain containers (145 rice samples across 105 brands and 66 alternative-grain samples) purchased in 20 US… (n=211) |
| 17 | Höpfner et al. 2025. The contribution of infant formula to the food survey-based dietary exposure of nine selected elements, Journal of Environmental Exposure Assessment | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | DE/EU iAs, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, tHg occurrence in German infants (0.5 to <1 year, n=51) and toddlers (1 to <3 years, n=63) consuming infant formula, from… (n=114) |
| 18 | Jităreanu et al. 2025. An Overview of Heavy Metals in Cosmetic Products and Their Toxicological Impact, Applied Sciences 15: 12883 | 2025 | Review | EU/US/CA Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, iAs, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co occurrence in Narrative review of heavy-metal contamination in cosmetics; literature 1990 - November 2025 retrieved via PubMed, Web of Science,… |
| 19 | MacDonald et al. 2025. Occurrence of chemical contaminants in wild-caught fishery products of relevance to Scottish and wider UK Fishing Waters: A Review, Fera Science Ltd report to Food Standards Scotland (Report FR/002826) | 2025 | Agency report | GB/EU tHg, MeHg, Cd, Pb, tAs, iAs, Ni, Cr occurrence in Narrative + tabular review of chemical contaminants in wild-caught and smoked fish, shellfish, crustaceans, and cephalopods from Scottish… (n=192) |
| 20 | Mititelu et al. 2025. Assessing Heavy Metal Contamination in Food: Implications for Human Health and Environmental Safety, Toxics | 2025 | Review | EU/US/RO Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg, MeHg, Ni, Cr, Sn occurrence in Narrative review; no primary sample collection. Synthesizes published literature and regulatory data across multiple countries. |
| 21 | Navaretnam et al. 2025. Arsenic Speciation Using HPLC-ICP-MS in White and Brown Rice and Health Risk Assessment, Environmental Geochemistry and Health 47:411 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations and health risk assessment in rice and rice products by ICP-MS |
| 22 | Scott et al. 2025. Arsenic content and exposure in brown rice compared to white rice in the United States, Risk Analysis | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US iAs, tAs occurrence in Synthesis of literature on arsenic concentrations in US brown and white rice; dietary exposure estimates for US populations… |
| 23 | Seyfferth et al. 2025. Concentrations and Health Implications of As, Hg, and Cd and Micronutrients in Rice and Emissions of CH4 From Variably Flooded Paddies, GeoHealth | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in rice bran (n=6) |
| 24 | Siregar et al. 2025. Distribution of Water-Soluble Arsenic Species in the Sub-thallus of Australian Brown Macroalgae, Exposure and Health 2025, 17:1023–1036 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | AU tAs, iAs occurrence in Seven wild brown macroalgae (Phaeophyta) taxa collected from Mosquito Bay, an intertidal zone on the south-east coast of… (n=7) |
| 25 | Thoerig et al. 2025. Assessment of arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances concentrations in human milk and infant formula in the United States: a systematic review, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 122, pp. 1006-1026 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Systematic review of iAs in infant formula: synthesised occurrence, health effects, and exposure data |
| 26 | Yan et al. 2025. From farm to table: assessing the status and health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in rice in Henan Province, Frontiers in Public Health | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN iAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, tHg occurrence in Rice samples from 18 prefecture-level cities in Henan Province, China, collected 2020–2022; supermarkets, wholesale markets, shopping centers, and… (n=6632) |
| 27 | Zhao et al. 2025. Integration of bioaccumulations, chemical forms and gene expression responses to understand the transformation and detoxification of inorganic arsenic, cadmium and lead in the brown seaweed Sargassum fusiforme, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2025, 300:118453 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Cultured Sargassum fusiforme (hijiki) shoots from one batch collected at Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; controlled laboratory exposure to As(III),… (n=1) |
| 28 | Alrashdi et al. 2024. Chemical analysis of toxic elements: total cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic and inorganic arsenic in local and imported rice consumed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | SA tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in 24 imported rice samples (India, USA, Australia, Pakistan, Thailand) and 9 locally grown Hassawi rice samples, collected from… (n=33) |
| 29 | Begum et al. 2024. Fertilization Enhances Grain Inorganic Arsenic Assimilation in Rice, Exposure and Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CN iAs, DMA, tAs occurrence in Rice grown to maturity in controlled chambers using soil sourced from a Chinese paddy field |
| 30 | Bondareva et al. 2024. Potential transformations of arsenic forms in fish during cooking processing: a case study of Russian sturgeon, Toxicological Review | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | RU tAs, iAs occurrence in Russian sturgeon fillets from aquaculture, analyzed fresh, after frozen storage, and after selected processing treatments (n=3) |
| 31 | Codex 2024. Report of the 17th Session of the Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods (REP24/CF17), Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Codex Alimentarius Commission | 2024 | Government report | Codex CCCF 2024 deliberations: iAs maximum level amendments and new commodity inclusions |
| 32 | EFSA 2024. Update of the risk assessment of inorganic arsenic in food, EFSA Journal | 2024 | Government report | EFSA 2024 updated iAs risk assessment: revised BMDL01 of 0.06 µg/kg bw/day, chronic exposure, and EU occurrence data |
| 33 | Hao et al. 2024. Meta-analysis of the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on arsenic accumulation in plants and grain, Frontiers in Plant Science | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | As, iAs, tAs occurrence in 76 peer-reviewed publications (meta-analysis) evaluating AMF effects on arsenic accumulation in food crops (n=76) |
| 34 | Kumar et al. 2024. High Arsenic Contamination in the Breast Milk of Mothers Inhabiting the Gangetic Plains of Bihar: A Major Health Risk to Infants, Environmental Health 23(1) | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | iAs in breast milk: concentrations and implications for infant dietary exposure |
| 35 | Limmer et al. 2024. Controlling exposure to As and Cd from rice via irrigation management, Environmental Science & Technology | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | US iAs, tAs, Cd occurrence in Polished rice grain from University of Delaware paddy mesocosm field experiment; 6 irrigation management treatments applied over 2… (n=36) |
| 36 | Pikounis et al. 2024. Urinary biomarkers of exposure to toxic and essential elements: A comparison of infants fed with human milk or formula, Environmental Epidemiology | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | iAs in breast milk: concentrations and implications for infant dietary exposure |
| 37 | Sadee et al. 2024. Recent developments in speciation and determination of arsenic in marine organisms using different analytical techniques. A review, RSC Advances | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | iAs, tAs occurrence in Systematic review of published arsenic occurrence and speciation studies in marine organisms; no single primary cohort |
| 38 | Sim et al. 2024. Determination of inorganic arsenic in seaweed, grain, grass silage, and insect protein by HPLC-ICP-MS using a design of experiments optimization approach, Food Chemistry | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | EU iAs, tAs, As occurrence in Seaweed species (Laminaria digitata, Fucus spp., Saccharina latissima, Asparagopsis taxiformis, Porphyra spp.), rice, grass silage, and insect proteins;… |
| 39 | Tian et al. 2024. Efficient voltammetric analysis for total inorganic arsenic detection in rice with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity, Food Chemistry: X | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Rapid analytical sensor for iAs detection in rice and rice products, cited for analytical-methods context |
| 40 | Toledo et al. 2024. Essential and Toxic Elements in Infant Cereal in Brazil: Exposure Risk Assessment, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21(4):381 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations and health risk assessment in infant rice cereal (n=18) |
| 41 | Walenta et al. 2024. Arsenobetaine amide: a novel arsenic species detected in several mushroom species | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | AT/CZ tAs, iAs occurrence in 11 fruiting-body collections of four edible/wild mushroom species (Ramaria sanguinea, Amanita muscaria, Boletus edulis, Macrolepiota procera) from Austria… (n=11) |
| 42 | Yang et al. 2024. Metallothionein: A Comprehensive Review of Its Classification, Structure, Biological Functions, and Applications, Antioxidants | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, iAs, Cr-VI, Ni, tHg occurrence in Narrative review; no primary measurements. |
| 43 | Zhao et al. 2024. Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Food: Current Status, Health Risks, and Mitigation Strategies, Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | AU/BR/FR tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Global occurrence synthesis: Table 1 aggregates national mean occurrence data from Total Diet Studies across Australia, Brazil, France,… |
| 44 | Abuawad et al. 2023. The Folic Acid and Creatine Trial: Treatment Effects of Supplementation on Arsenic Methylation Indices and Metabolite Concentrations in Blood in a Bangladeshi Population, Environmental Health Perspectives | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | BD iAs, tAs occurrence in Bangladeshi adults aged 20-65 years with household well-water arsenic concentrations above 50 ug/L for at least one year (n=622) |
| 45 | BfR 2023. What’s in your food — BfR MEAL Study Final Report (Germany’s first Total Diet Study), BfR Science Report | 2023 | Government report | DE/EU Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg, MeHg, Ni, Al, Sn, Sb occurrence in Germany’s first Total Diet Study. Core element module: 869 pooled samples (868 for nitrate) comprised of 13,552 subsamples… (n=869) |
| 46 | Bodur et al. 2023. Spray assisted preconcentration method combined with HPLC - Continuous flow hydride generation - FAAS for inorganic arsenic speciation in olive oil samples, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | TR iAs occurrence in Two olive oil samples supplied from the local market in Istanbul, Turkiye; real-sample results were non-detect for arsenite/arsenate… (n=2) |
| 47 | source) 2023. Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish Market, Nutrients | 2023 | Journal article | Cited reference from Nutrients |
| 48 | Davydiuk et al. 2023. Effects of Dietary Intake of Arsenosugars and Other Organic Arsenic Species on Studies of Arsenic Methylation Efficiency in Humans, Environmental Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | global iAs, tAs occurrence in Critical review of published epidemiological and clinical studies using DMA in urine as arsenic methylation marker; no new… |
| 49 | Diogène et al. 2023. Risk Assessment Strategies for Contaminants in Seafood (RASCS), EFSA Supporting Publications 2023:EN-8419 | 2023 | Government report | EU tAs, iAs, Pb, Cd, tHg, MeHg, Ni, Cr, Al occurrence in Strategy/programmatic report from a seven-institution EU consortium (IRTA Spain coordinator, CREDA Spain, IPMA Portugal, ISS Italy, Ghent University… |
| 50 | EFSA 2023. Dietary exposure to heavy metals and iodine intake via consumption of seaweeds and halophytes in the European population, EFSA Journal | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | EU Cd, Pb, tAs, iAs, tHg occurrence in European population dietary exposure assessment using occurrence data from EFSA’s FoodEx2 taxonomy; n varies by analyte: Cd n=2,093,… (n=2093) |
| 51 | EU 2023. Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 of 25 April 2023 on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006, Official Journal of the European Union | 2023 | Regulation | EU Regulation 2023/915: updated maximum levels for iAs across food categories, with enforcement provisions |
| 52 | FDA 2023. Action Level for Inorganic Arsenic in Apple Juice: Guidance for Industry, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition | 2023 | Government guidance | FDA analytical results for iAs in apple juice: survey data and guidance context |
| 53 | Guadalupe et al. 2023. Probabilistic Risk Characterization of Heavy Metals in Peruvian Coffee: Implications of Variety, Region and Processing, Foods | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PE iAs, Cd, Cr, tHg, Pb occurrence in Parchment coffee bean samples collected from five Peruvian coffee-growing regions and five Arabica varieties, with a process-modeling subset… (n=159) |
| 54 | Gupta et al. 2023. Recycled household ash in rice paddies of Bangladesh for sustainable production of rice without altering grain arsenic and cadmium, Environmental Pollution | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | BD iAs, Cd occurrence in Large-scale field trials in two geographic regions of Bangladesh (Barind and Madhupur Tracts), 18 subsistence farming communities, 2… |
| 55 | Hoy et al. 2023. Arsenic speciation in freshwater fish: challenges and research needs, Food Quality and Safety | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CA/CN/FR iAs, tAs occurrence in Systematic review of published literature on arsenic speciation in freshwater fish globally; primary data tables summarize studies from… |
| 56 | Hull et al. 2023. Littoral sediment arsenic concentrations predict arsenic trophic transfer and human health risk in contaminated lakes, PLoS ONE | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, iAs occurrence in Organisms from 10 urban lakes in Puget Sound lowlands, Washington State; includes periphyton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, snails, insect larvae,… (n=10) |
| 57 | Limmer et al. 2023. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping of arsenic, zinc, copper, and manganese in rice grain cross-sections, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, iAs occurrence in Rice grains from US field trials (n=50) |
| 58 | Liu et al. 2023. Transformation of arsenic species from seafood consumption during in vitro digestion, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | CN iAs, tAs occurrence in Laboratory study using crab, scallop, turbot, and flounder seafood samples subjected to in vitro digestion (BARGE UBM method) |
| 59 | Martinez-Morata et al. 2023. A State-of-the-Science Review on Metal Biomarkers, Current Environmental Health Reports, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 215-249 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | State-of-the-science review on metal biomarkers: blood, urine, and tissue matrices for iAs exposure assessment |
| 60 | Mehanathan et al. 2023. Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles for the Adsorption of Pentavalent Arsenic from Water: Effects of Calcination, Membranes | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | MY iAs occurrence in Commercial magnesium oxide nanoparticles calcined at 650 C and tested for As(V)/arsenate adsorption from aqueous solutions. (n=1) |
| 61 | Meng et al. 2023. The innovative and accurate detection of heavy metals in foods: A critical review on electrochemical sensors, Food Control | 2023 | Review | CN/WHO Pb, Cd, iAs, tHg, Cr, Cr-VI, Cu, Zn, Ag occurrence in Critical review of the electrochemical-sensor literature (through ~2022) for heavy-metal detection in food matrices. |
| 62 | Nazari et al. 2023. Impacts of Heavy Metals in Seed Crops and Oil Seed on Human Health: A Threat to Food Safety — Review, Carpathian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 15(2), 106-124 | 2023 | Review | global/EU/IR Pb, Cd, iAs, tAs, tHg, MeHg, Ni, Cr, Cr-VI occurrence in Narrative literature review of published studies on heavy metal occurrence in oilseeds (sunflower, pumpkin, sesame, rape, mustard, linseed,… |
| 63 | Noh et al. 2023. Monitoring arsenic species concentration in rice-based processed products distributed in South Korean markets and related risk assessment, Food Science and Biotechnology 32(10):1361-1372 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | KR iAs, tAs occurrence in 239 rice-based processed foods purchased from South Korean domestic markets February–August 2019 across ten categories: home-meal-replacement (HMR) rice… (n=239) |
| 64 | Ortega-Flores et al. 2023. Inorganic Arsenic in holopelagic Sargassum spp. Stranded in the Mexican Caribbean: Seasonal Variations and Comparison With International Regulations and Guidelines, Aquatic Botany | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | MX tAs, iAs occurrence in Holopelagic Sargassum spp. stranded at Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico, sampled monthly from June 2018 to May 2019… (n=101) |
| 65 | Ortiz-Garcia et al. 2023. Maternal Exposure to Arsenic and Its Impact on Maternal and Fetal Health: A Review, Cureus | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | MX/global tAs, iAs occurrence in Review of arsenic exposure effects on pregnant women and fetuses; dietary arsenic intake estimates from global population; focus… |
| 66 | Patel et al. 2023. A review on arsenic in the environment: contamination, mobility, sources, and exposure, RSC Advances | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Systematic review of iAs: synthesised occurrence, health effects, and exposure data |
| 67 | Sadee et al. 2023. Toxicity, arsenic speciation and characteristics of hyphenated techniques used for arsenic determination in vegetables. A review, RSC Advances | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | global tAs, iAs occurrence in Review paper; no primary samples; synthesizes published arsenic speciation data in vegetables globally |
| 68 | Seregin et al. 2023. Phytochelatins: Sulfur-Containing Metal(loid)-Chelating Ligands in Plants, International Journal of Molecular Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, iAs, tHg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni occurrence in Narrative review of the phytochelatin literature across ~140 plant species, 361 cited references; no primary measurements. |
| 69 | Shaughnessy et al. 2023. Evidence of elevated heavy metals concentrations in wild and farmed sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) in New England, Scientific Reports | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Farmed sugar-kelp blades plus wild sugar-kelp sites in Massachusetts and southern New England (n=12) |
| 70 | Silva et al. 2023. Mycotoxins in Rice Correlate with Other Contaminants? A Pilot Study of the Portuguese Scenario and Human Risk Assessment, Toxins 2023, 15, 291 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations and health risk assessment in rice and rice products (n=36) by ICP-MS |
| 71 | Su et al. 2023. Arsenic in Brown Rice: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Risks?, Frontiers in Nutrition 10:1209574 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in rice and rice products |
| 72 | Su et al. 2023. Arsenic in brown rice: do the benefits outweigh the risks?, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | US iAs, tAs occurrence in Review citing FDA data and published literature on iAs in US rice and rice products |
| 73 | Suomi et al. 2023. Cumulative risk assessment of the dietary heavy metal and aluminum exposure of Finnish adults, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | FI/EU Cd, Pb, iAs, MeHg, Ni, Al occurrence in Finnish adults aged 25–74 years from FinDiet 2012 national dietary survey (48-h recall; 5 geographic areas) (n=1295) |
| 74 | USDA 2023. China Releases the Standard for Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods (USDA FAS GAIN Report CH2023-0040, unofficial translation of GB 2762-2022), USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, Global Agricultural Information Network (GAIN), Report Number CH2023-0040 | 2023 | Regulation | CN Pb, Cd, tHg, MeHg, tAs, iAs, Sn, Ni, Cr occurrence in null |
| 75 | Wehmeier et al. 2023. Detection of Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Using a Field-Deployable Method with Cola Extraction, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (published online 23 November 2023) | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in rice and rice products (n=30) by ICP-MS |
| 76 | Ashley-Martin et al. 2022. Biomonitoring of inorganic arsenic species in pregnancy, Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | CA/US/global iAs, tAs occurrence in Systematic review of biomonitoring studies of speciated iAs in pregnancy; covers cohort studies from Bangladesh, Spain, China, Mexico,… |
| 77 | Bair 2022. A Narrative Review of Toxic Heavy Metal Content of Infant and Toddler Foods and Evaluation of United States Policy, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | Systematic review of iAs in infant cereal: synthesised occurrence, health effects, and exposure data |
| 78 | Beene et al. 2022. A mass-balance approach to evaluate arsenic intake and excretion in different populations, Environment International | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | BD/US/CL As, iAs, tAs occurrence in Three populations: rural Bangladesh HEALS cohort n=11,224 (with rice and well-water As); Navajo Nation NBCS n=619; northern Chile… (n=12473) |
| 79 | Chávez-Capilla 2022. The Need to Unravel Arsenolipid Transformations in Humans, DNA and Cell Biology | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | AU/NZ/FR tAs, iAs occurrence in Review article synthesizing arsenic speciation data across multiple studies |
| 80 | Chigome et al. 2022. Perspectives on the Development of Filter Media for Point of Use Water Filters: Case Study of Arsenate Removal, Frontiers in Chemistry | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | BW/KE iAs occurrence in Batch adsorption experiments and prototype point-of-use filter testing using a chitosan-aluminum-titanium-iron-zirconium nanocomposite for As(V) removal from prepared water… |
| 81 | Duarte et al. 2022. Cancer mortality and its relationship with arsenic and nitrates in drinking water in central Argentina, Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | AR tAs, iAs occurrence in 62 departments in central Argentina (Buenos Aires, Córdoba, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero provinces); retrospective ecological… (n=62) |
| 82 | FDA 2022. Total Diet Study Report: Fiscal Years 2018-2020 Elements Data, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Total Diet Study Program | 2022 | Government report | FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-2020: iAs concentrations and estimated dietary exposures across commercial food categories |
| 83 | FDA 2022. FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical Results Key, FDA Total Diet Study supporting documentation | 2022 | Government report | FDA TDS FY2018-2020 analytical key: iAs measurement LODs and QA/QC parameters by food category |
| 84 | FDA 2022. FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical Results, FDA Total Diet Study | 2022 | Government dataset | FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-2020: iAs concentrations and estimated dietary exposures across commercial food categories |
| 85 | Hao et al. 2022. Probabilistic health risk assessment of inorganic arsenic and some heavy metals in rice produced from a typical multi-mining county, China, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations and health risk assessment in rice and rice products (n=220) |
| 86 | Qinghui et al. 2022. Co-accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in rice cultivars under field conditions in South China, Research Square | 2022 | Preprint | CN Cd, tAs, iAs, DMA, MMA occurrence in Brown rice grains from 208 rice cultivars grown under field conditions in South China |
| 87 | Martinez-Morata et al. 2022. Nationwide geospatial analysis of county racial and ethnic composition and public drinking water arsenic and uranium, Nature Communications | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | US iAs, U occurrence in US county-level population-weighted mean estimates of community water system (CWS) arsenic concentrations from 2006–2011 (N=2585 counties) and uranium… (n=2631) |
| 88 | al. 2022. Sulfur reduces arsenic and cadmium translocation from root to shoot in wheat by regulating vacuolar sequestration, Frontiers in Plant Science | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | CN/IN/PK tAs, iAs, Cd occurrence in Hydroponic wheat experiment; references published occurrence data from India, Pakistan, Argentina |
| 89 | Signes-Pastor et al. 2022. Arsenic exposure and respiratory outcomes during childhood in the INMA study, PLOS ONE | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | ES iAs occurrence in 400 children from the INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) Spanish birth cohort; subsample with arsenic speciation data at… (n=400) |
| 90 | Signes-Pastor et al. 2022. Dietary Exposure to Essential and Non-essential Elements During Infants’ First Year of Life in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, Exposure and Health | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | US iAs, Pb, Cd, tHg, Al, Sb, Sn, U, V, Ni, Mo occurrence in New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study infants: subgroup 1 had paired urine samples at approximately 6 weeks and 1… (n=187) |
| 91 | WHO 2022. Guidelines for drinking-water quality: fourth edition incorporating the first and second addenda, Geneva: World Health Organization | 2022 | Government report | WHO/Global Pb, Cd, iAs, tAs, tHg, Ni, Al, Cr, Sn, U, Sb occurrence in Drinking-water consumers globally; guideline values derived for a 60 kg adult consuming 2 L/day, with bottle-fed infants flagged… |
| 92 | Balali-Mood et al. 2021. Toxic Mechanisms of Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium, and Arsenic, Frontiers in Pharmacology 12:643972 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | Multi-metal toxicology review covering iAs: oxidative stress, DNA damage, enzyme inhibition, and carcinogenic mechanisms |
| 93 | Cheyns et al. 2021. Intake of food supplements based on algae or cyanobacteria may pose a health risk due to elevated concentrations of arsenic species, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | BE tAs, iAs occurrence in Thirty-three food supplements containing algae and/or cyanobacteria purchased from local stores and online stores in Belgium during 2013-2016;… (n=33) |
| 94 | EFSA 2021. Chronic dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic, EFSA Journal | 2021 | Government report | EFSA 2021 chronic dietary exposure assessment for iAs: updated occurrence data and MOE estimates across European population groups |
| 95 | Farzan et al. 2021. Demographic Predictors of Urinary Arsenic in a Low-Income Predominantly Hispanic Pregnancy Cohort in Los Angeles, Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, iAs occurrence in Low-income predominantly Hispanic pregnant women in Los Angeles, California; MADRES cohort (n=241) |
| 96 | Luvonga et al. 2021. Determination of total arsenic and hydrophilic arsenic species in seafood, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, iAs occurrence in Seven homogenized seafood/seaweed study materials: spirulina powder, Atlantic kelp powder, geoduck clam, wild-caught brown shrimp, aquacultured white-leg shrimp,… (n=7) |
| 97 | Mielech et al. 2021. Assessment of the Risk of Contamination of Food for Infants and Toddlers, Nutrients | 2021 | Review | PL/NO/US Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg occurrence in Narrative literature review of 83 publications (2004–2021, mainly October 2020–March 2021 search window) on contaminants in foods for… |
| 98 | Sadiq et al. 2021. Multi-elemental risk assessment of various baby rice cereals: some cause for concern?, Canadian Journal of Chemistry 99(8):742-750 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations and health risk assessment in rice-based infant cereal (n=3) |
| 99 | Sadiq et al. 2021. Multi-elemental risk assessment of various baby rice cereals: some cause for concern?, Canadian Journal of Chemistry | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | CA tAs, iAs, Cr, Pb, Cd, Se occurrence in Three commercial baby rice cereal brands purchased in Kingston, Ontario, Canada; ages 6 months and up; n=6 replicates… (n=3) |
| 100 | Thomas 2021. Arsenic Methylation — Lessons from Three Decades of Research, Toxicology 457:152800 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | iAs biological methylation: MMA/DMA speciation pathways, genetic polymorphisms, and toxicokinetic implications |
| 101 | U.S. House of Representatives, 2021. Baby Foods Are Tainted with Dangerous Levels of Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury, Staff Report | 2021 | Gray literature | US iAs, tAs, Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in Internal company testing records (ingredient pre-shipment tests and finished-product tests) subpoenaed from seven major US baby-food manufacturers covering… |
| 102 | Wang et al. 2021. AGNH Protects Against Cinnabar and Realgar-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Mice via Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis, Frontiers in Pharmacology | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | CN tHg, tAs, iAs occurrence in Mice (ICR strain) administered cinnabar (HgS) and realgar (As4S4) orally as part of traditional Chinese medicine formulation safety… |
| 103 | Zecchin et al. 2021. Arsenic-Oxidizing Bacteria in Arsenic-Contaminated Groundwaters of Po Plain (Northern Italy): Community Diversity and Potential Role in As Mobilization, Frontiers in Microbiology | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | IT/EU tAs, iAs occurrence in Six public supply wells in Po Plain, Lombardia, Northern Italy (provinces of Varese, Lodi, Cremona, Brescia, Mantova) (n=6) |
| 104 | Afonne et al. 2020. Heavy metals risks in plant foods – need to step up precautionary measures, Current Opinion in Toxicology | 2020 | Review | NG/CN/TZ Pb, Cd, iAs, tAs, tHg, Cr, Ni occurrence in Narrative review with no primary measurements; six-page invited contribution to a Current Opinion in Toxicology themed issue on… |
| 105 | Carey et al. 2020. Global Sourcing of Low-Inorganic Arsenic Rice Grain, Exposure and Health | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in grain crops (n=1180) |
| 106 | Duinker et al. 2020. Knowledge update on macroalgae food and feed safety, Rapport fra Havforskningen | 2020 | Government report | NO/EU iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Se, Fe, Zn occurrence in Norwegian and imported macroalgae analysed by the Institute of Marine Research in 2014-2019 for the Norwegian Food Safety… (n=353) |
| 107 | FDA 2020. Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Cereals for Infants: Action Level; Guidance for Industry, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Federal Register Notice (Docket FDA-2016-D-1099) | 2020 | Government report | FDA draft guidance on iAs in infant rice cereals: 100 ppb action level basis and analytical context |
| 108 | FDA 2020. Supporting Document for Action Level for Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Cereals for Infants, U.S. Food and Drug Administration | 2020 | Government report | US iAs occurrence in Three FDA sampling datasets: 81 infant rice cereal samples from 2011-2013, 76 from 2014, and 149 from 2018… (n=306) |
| 109 | Gu et al. 2020. Arsenic Concentrations and Dietary Exposure in Rice-Based Infant Food in Australia, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(2):415 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | iAs dietary exposure estimates in rice-based infant cereal |
| 110 | Huang et al. 2020. Arsenic contents and speciation at different growth stages of Sargassum fusiforme [Harv.] Setchell (Hijiki), an edible seaweed, Applied Ecology and Environmental Research | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, iAs occurrence in Cultivated Sargassum fusiforme (hijiki) from the Dongtou breeding base of Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Province, China, sampled… (n=24) |
| 111 | Lorenc et al. 2020. Arsenic species and their transformation pathways in marine plants. Usefulness of advanced hyphenated techniques HPLC/ICP-MS and UPLC/ESI-MS/MS in arsenic species analysis, Talanta | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | tAs, iAs occurrence in Five seaweed/algae materials analyzed in Poland: NMIJ CRM 7405-a Hijiki, a cooked/dried Hijiki product, Nori sheets for sushi,… (n=5) |
| 112 | Luvonga et al. 2020. Analytical Methodologies for the Determination of Organoarsenicals in Edible Marine Species: A Review, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2020, 68, 1910–1934 | 2020 | Review | US tAs, iAs occurrence in Analytical-methods review (NIST authors) of arsenic speciation in edible marine species (seafood and seaweed) — sample handling, extraction,… |
| 113 | Antonio et al. 2020. Ionic imprinted polymer - vortex-assisted dispersive micro-solid phase extraction for inorganic arsenic speciation in rice by HPLC-ICP-MS, Talanta | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | ES tAs, iAs occurrence in Commercial rice samples purchased in local supermarkets in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, plus ERM-BC211 rice reference material |
| 114 | Narukawa et al. 2020. A New Candidate Reference Material for Inorganic Arsenic and Arsenosugars in Hijiki Seaweed: First Results from an Inter-laboratory Study, Analytical Sciences 2020, 36, 233–239 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | JP tAs, iAs occurrence in Two dried hijiki (Hizikia / Sargassum fusiforme) reference materials characterised by a two-laboratory inter-laboratory study: a candidate certified… (n=2) |
| 115 | Alharbi et al. 2020. Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment of heavy metals in baby foods in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Food Science & Nutrition | 2020 | Peer reviewed journal article | SA iAs, tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Stage 1 infant formula (0-6 months), stage 2 infant formula (7-12 months), cereal-based meals, and biscuits sold in… |
| 116 | Pogoson et al. 2020. Reducing the cadmium, inorganic arsenic and dimethylarsinic acid content of rice through food-safe chemical cooking pre-treatment, Food Chemistry | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | GB Cd, iAs, DMA, tAs occurrence in Ten polished rice samples purchased from retail stores in Belfast, Northern Ireland |
| 117 | Shi et al. 2020. Avoiding Rice-Based Cadmium and Inorganic Arsenic in Infant Diets Through Selection of Products Low in Concentration of These Contaminants, Exposure and Health 13:229-235 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | UK/EU Cd, iAs occurrence in Rice-based products available on the UK market, including products labeled for infants and generic rice products that infants… (n=Rice-based baby foods, generic rice crackers/cakes/cereals, and UK-purchased polished rice by origin; exact per-category n is figure/table dependent.) |
| 118 | Xu et al. 2020. Exploratory study of the association in the United Kingdom between hypertension and inorganic arsenic (iAs) intake from rice and rice products, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | GB iAs occurrence in 598 UK residents aged ≥16 years drawn from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme Years 7-8… (n=598) |
| 119 | Ahuja et al. 2019. Remediation of arsenic contaminated groundwater with magnetite (Fe3O4) and chitosan coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Environmental Arsenic in a Changing World | 2019 | Conference proceedings | IN iAs occurrence in Batch adsorption experiments using NaAsO2 and NaHAsO4 solutions at 0.125 mg/L As(III) and As(V), with Fe3O4 nanoparticles and… |
| 120 | Camurati et al. 2019. Arsenic in edible macroalgae: an integrated approach, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews | 2019 | Review | AR tAs, iAs occurrence in Critical review (literature published up to 2019, SCOPUS search) of arsenic in edible marine macroalgae — speciation, toxicity,… |
| 121 | Centre for Food Safety 2019. Guidelines on the Food Adulteration (Metallic Contamination) (Amendment) Regulation 2018, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service GAIN Report HK1922, relaying the Hong Kong Centre for Food Safety Guidelines for the Food Adulteration (Metallic Contamination) (Amendment) Regulation 2018 (Cap. 132V sub. leg.) | 2019 | Government report | HK Sb, tAs, iAs, Ba, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, MeHg, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, U occurrence in Not a sampling study. Regulatory document setting maximum levels (MLs) for 14 metallic contaminants across food and food… |
| 122 | Cherry et al. 2019. Risks and benefits of consuming edible seaweeds, Nutrition Reviews | 2019 | Peer reviewed review | GB/IE/KR iAs, tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Narrative review of edible seaweed nutrition, functional-food evidence, and adverse-effect concerns, including heavy-metal and arsenic-speciation context from cited… |
| 123 | Coryell et al. 2019. The Human Gut Microbiome’s Influence on Arsenic Toxicity, Current Pharmacology Reports, Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 491-504 | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | iAs gut microbiome interactions: microbial modulation of arsenic toxicity and biotransformation |
| 124 | Coryell et al. 2019. The Human Gut Microbiome’s Influence on Arsenic Toxicity, Current Pharmacology Reports 5(6):491-504 | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | iAs gut microbiome interactions: microbial modulation of arsenic toxicity and biotransformation |
| 125 | Zealand 2019. 25th Australian Total Diet Study, Food Standards Australia New Zealand | 2019 | Government report | Food Standards Australia New Zealand: iAs occurrence and dietary exposure from the 25th Total Diet Study |
| 126 | Fu et al. 2019. The Effects of Heavy Metals on Human Metabolism, Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods | 2019 | Review | Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg, MeHg, Ni occurrence in Review of human exposure studies worldwide, emphasis on drinking water and occupational routes |
| 127 | Houlihan et al. 2019. What’s in My Baby’s Food? A National Investigation Finds 95 Percent of Baby Foods Tested Contain Toxic Chemicals That Lower Babies’ IQ, Including Arsenic and Lead, Healthy Babies Bright Futures | 2019 | Nonprofit | US tAs, iAs, Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in 168 commercial baby food containers, 61 brands, 13 food types; purchased from 14 US metropolitan areas and 15… (n=168) |
| 128 | Kubachka et al. 2019. Quantitative Determination of Arsenic Species from Fruit Juices Using Acidic Extraction with HPLC-ICPMS, Food Analytical Methods | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | US iAs, tAs occurrence in Multiple fruit juice types (apple, pear, grape, pomegranate, prune, cherry) from commercial sources |
| 129 | Matsumoto-Tanibuchi et al. 2019. Determination of Inorganic Arsenic in Seaweed and Seafood by LC-ICP-MS: Method Validation, Journal of AOAC International | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | JP tAs, iAs occurrence in Japanese local-market food samples: eight dried seaweed products, seven seafood muscle/edible-portion samples, and two seafood-derived sauces/products in Table… (n=17) |
| 130 | Muehe et al. 2019. Rice production threatened by coupled stresses of climate and soil arsenic, Nature Communications | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | iAs contamination in rice and rice products from agricultural/mining areas: food-chain transfer assessment |
| 131 | Bureau of Toxic Substance 2019. Technical Support Document for Derivation of Health-Based Guidance Values for Metals in Spices, New York State Department of Health | 2019 | Government report | US iAs, Cd, Cr, Pb occurrence in Methodology document; no direct food-sampling data; uses FCID consumption data for children and adults across 8 spices |
| 132 | Ownsworth et al. 2019. Tracing the natural and anthropogenic influence on the trace elemental chemistry of estuarine macroalgae and the implications for human consumption, Science of the Total Environment | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | GB/JP tAs, iAs, Pb, Cd, Ni, U, Co, Cu, Zn, Ag occurrence in Fifty brown macroalgae samples collected from 25 Forth Estuary/Firth of Forth locations in Scotland, plus four Laminaria japonica… (n=55) |
| 133 | Baki et al. 2018. Concentration of heavy metals in seafood (fishes, shrimp, lobster and crabs) and human health assessment in Saint Martin Island, Bangladesh, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | BD Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Fe occurrence in Eight fish species and five crustacean species collected from different points of Saint Martin’s Island and its local… (n=13) |
| 134 | Carey et al. 2018. Dilution of rice with other gluten free grains to lower inorganic arsenic in foods for young children in response to European Union regulations provides impetus to setting stricter standards, PLoS ONE | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | GB iAs occurrence in UK infant food products and their generic (non-infant-labeled) equivalents, purchased from 24 retailers in Northern Ireland, 2017 |
| 135 | Carey et al. 2018. Dilution of rice with other gluten free grains to lower inorganic arsenic in foods for young children in response to European Union regulations provides impetus to setting stricter standards, PLoS ONE | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in grain crops (n=106) |
| 136 | Costa 2018. Especiacao quimica de arsenio em amostras de arroz empregando extracao por fase solida in-situ e determinacao por FI-HG AAS, Tese de Doutorado, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia | 2018 | Thesis | BR tAs, iAs occurrence in IRMM-804 Rice Flour certified reference material used for validation of an arsenic speciation method (n=1) |
| 137 | FDA 2018. Fiscal Year 2018 Arsenic in Infant Rice Cereals Assignment Data, U.S. Food and Drug Administration | 2018 | Government report | FDA analytical data on iAs in infant formula: measured concentrations and compliance context |
| 138 | Janvier et al. 2018. Impurity profiling of the most frequently encountered falsified polypeptide drugs on the Belgian market, Talanta | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | BE iAs, tAs, Pb, Cd occurrence in 27 falsified/unregulated polypeptide drug preparations acquired as ‘research chemicals’ from three suspected illegal internet pharmacies and delivered to… (n=27) |
| 139 | Liu et al. 2018. Speciation and bioaccessibility of arsenic in traditional Chinese medicines and assessment of its potential health risk, Science of the Total Environment | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, iAs occurrence in Twenty-four Chinese patent medicines and sixty Chinese herbal medicines purchased from a Beijing drugstore. The patent medicines included… (n=84) |
| 140 | Ma et al. 2018. Total and inorganic arsenic contents in seaweeds: Absorption, accumulation, transformation and toxicity, Aquaculture | 2018 | Peer reviewed review | international/CN/JP tAs, iAs occurrence in Secondary literature review of published seaweed arsenic data available up to June 2017, covering total arsenic values for… |
| 141 | Meyer et al. 2018. Low inorganic arsenic in hydrolysed-rice formula used for cow’s milk protein allergy, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in infant formula (n=5) |
| 142 | Signes-Pastor et al. 2018. Infants’ dietary arsenic exposure during transition to solid food, Scientific Reports | 2018 | Journal article | Cited reference from Scientific Reports |
| 143 | Signes-Pastor et al. 2018. Infants’ Dietary Arsenic Exposure During Transition to Solid Food, Scientific Reports 8(1):7114 | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in rice-based infant cereal (n=15) by ICP-MS |
| 144 | Signes-Pastor et al. 2018. Infants’ dietary arsenic exposure during transition to solid food, Scientific Reports | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | iAs dietary exposure in infants transitioning to solid food: longitudinal urinary arsenic biomarker data linking solid food intake to exposure |
| 145 | Signes-Pastor et al. 2018. OPEN Infants’ dietary arsenic exposure during transition to solid food, Nature Scientific Reports | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | [awaiting synthesis] |
| 146 | Maja et al. 2018. Non-chromatographic Speciation of Inorganic Arsenic in Rice by Hydride Generation Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry, Food Analytical Methods | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | PL tAs, iAs occurrence in Nine brown rice samples sold in Poland, coded B1-B9 |
| 147 | Bolan et al. 2017. Comparative analysis of speciation and bioaccessibility of arsenic in rice grains and complementary medicines, Chemosphere | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | AU/BD/IN tAs, iAs occurrence in Six rice-grain samples from research grain collections in Bangladesh, India, and Korea, grown under greenhouse or field conditions… (n=22) |
| 148 | Bralatei et al. 2017. A field deployable method for a rapid screening analysis of inorganic arsenic in seaweed, Microchimica Acta | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | GB/JP/CN iAs, tAs occurrence in Thirteen commercial edible seaweed samples purchased online and from shops/supermarkets around Aberdeen, UK, with packaging origins Japan, China,… (n=47) |
| 149 | Chiger et al. 2017. Effects of Inorganic Arsenic in Infant Rice Cereal on Children’s Neurodevelopment, Abt Associates report prepared for Healthy Babies Bright Futures | 2017 | Agency report | US iAs occurrence in U.S. population modelling: ~24M children aged 0-6 years. Multiple exposure scenarios using NHANES, FITS (Nestlé Feeding Infants and… |
| 150 | FDA 2017. Advice About Eating Fish — For Those Who Might Become or Are Pregnant or Breastfeeding and Children Ages 1 to 11 Years, U.S. FDA and U.S. EPA | 2017 | Government report | FDA/EPA fish consumption advice: iAs exposure thresholds and guidance for pregnant women and vulnerable populations |
| 151 | JECFA 2017. Safety Evaluation of Certain Food Additives (Arsenic), 82nd Meeting of JECFA, WHO Food Additives Series 73 | 2017 | Government report | JECFA 82nd arsenic evaluation: BMDL0.5 for iAs, dietary exposure from rice and staples, withdrawal of prior PTWI |
| 152 | Jung 2017. Inorganic arsenic contents in infant rice powders and infant rice snacks marketed in Korea determined by a highly sensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry following derivatization with British Anti-Lewisite, Food Science and Biotechnology 27(2):617–622 (2018) | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | KR iAs occurrence in Ready-to-cook infant rice powder products (n=28) and puffed-type infant rice snacks (n=31) randomly purchased from local and online… (n=59) |
| 153 | Li et al. 2017. Determination of different arsenic species in food-grade spirulina powder by ion chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Journal of Separation Science | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, iAs occurrence in Food-grade spirulina powder samples purchased at production sites in seven Chinese provinces: Yunnan, Hainan, Guangxi, Fujian, Inner Mongolia,… (n=7) |
| 154 | Seema et al. 2017. Accumulation and transformation of inorganic and organic arsenic in rice and role of thiol-complexation to restrict their translocation to shoot, Scientific Reports | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | DE/IN iAs, tAs, MA, DMA occurrence in Hydroponically grown rice (Oryza sativa L., subsp. indica, cv. Triguna, a West Bengal cultivar from authenticated seed). Seedlings… (n=12) |
| 155 | Ronan et al. 2017. High proportions of inorganic arsenic in Laminaria digitata but not in Ascophyllum nodosum samples from Ireland, Chemosphere | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | IE tAs, iAs occurrence in Wild brown macroalgae harvested at Spiddal, Galway Bay, west coast of Ireland (relatively uncontaminated site), October 2015: five… (n=30) |
| 156 | Signes-Pastor et al. 2017. Levels of infants’ urinary arsenic metabolites related to formula feeding and weaning with rice products exceeding the EU inorganic arsenic standard, PLOS ONE | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in rice and rice products (n=73) |
| 157 | Signes-Pastor et al. 2017. Urinary Arsenic Speciation in Children and Pregnant Women from Spain, Exposure and Health, Vol. 9, pp. 105-111 | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | iAs human biomonitoring: blood/urine/tissue concentrations as exposure indicators |
| 158 | Carignan et al. 2016. Potential Exposure to Arsenic from Infant Rice Cereal, Annals of Global Health, Vol. 82, No. 1 | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in rice-based infant cereal |
| 159 | Carignan et al. 2016. Contribution of breast milk and formula to arsenic exposure during the first year of life in a U.S. prospective cohort, Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 452-457 | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | iAs in breast milk: concentrations and implications for infant dietary exposure |
| 160 | FDA 2016. Analytical Results: Inorganic Arsenic in Infant/Toddler Foods (2016), US Food and Drug Administration | 2016 | Government dataset | FDA monitoring of iAs in rice and rice-based products: analytical results and regulatory context |
| 161 | FDA 2016. Arsenic in Rice and Rice Products Risk Assessment Report, US Food and Drug Administration | 2016 | Government report | FDA monitoring of iAs in rice and rice-based products: analytical results and regulatory context |
| 162 | FDA 2016. Analytical Results from Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Cereals for Infants, Non-Rice Infant Cereal and Other Foods Commonly Eaten by Infants and Toddlers, U.S. Food and Drug Administration | 2016 | Government dataset | FDA analytical data on iAs in infant formula: measured concentrations and compliance context |
| 163 | FSA 2016. Survey of metals in commercial infant foods, infant formula and non-infant specific foods, UK Food Standards Agency report FS102048 | 2016 | Government report | UK Food Standards Agency 2016 survey: iAs concentrations in infant foods and formula |
| 164 | Food Safety Authority of 2016. Report on a Total Diet Study Carried out by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland in the Period 2012–2014, FSAI Chemical Monitoring and Surveillance Series | 2016 | Government report | IE/EU Al, tAs, iAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, tHg, Sn occurrence in 141 food samples (1,043 sub-samples) representing the Irish diet; adults n=1,500 (NANS, age 18+, 2008–2010) and children n=594… (n=141) |
| 165 | Llorente-Mirandes et al. 2016. Inorganic Arsenic Determination in Food: A Review of Analytical Proposals and Quality Assessment Over the Last Six Years, Applied Spectroscopy | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in rice and rice products |
| 166 | Mleczek et al. 2016. Importance of low substrate arsenic content in mushroom cultivation and safety of final food product, European Food Research and Technology | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | PL tAs, iAs occurrence in Cultivated edible fungi (Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Hericium erinaceus) grown experimentally on substrates amended separately with… |
| 167 | Shibata et al. 2016. Risk Assessment of Arsenic in Rice Cereal and Other Dietary Sources for Infants and Toddlers in the U.S., International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13(4):361 | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations and health risk assessment in rice-based infant cereal |
| 168 | Signes-Pastor et al. 2016. Geographical variation in inorganic arsenic in paddy field samples and commercial rice from the Iberian Peninsula, Food Chemistry | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in rice and rice products (n=164) by ICP-MS |
| 169 | Signes-Pastor et al. 2016. Inorganic arsenic in rice-based products for infants and young children, Food Chemistry 191:128-134 | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in rice and rice products |
| 170 | Taylor et al. 2016. Concentrations and speciation of arsenic in New England seaweed species harvested for food and agriculture, Chemosphere | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, iAs occurrence in Forty-six macroalgae samples spanning 20 distinct species (brown/red/green) from New England, USA — from 7 commercial harvesters in… (n=46) |
| 171 | Shibata et al. 2016. Risk Assessment of Arsenic in Rice Cereal and Other Dietary Sources for Infants and Toddlers in the U.S., International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2016 | Peer reviewed journal | Cited reference from International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
| 172 | Manus et al. 2015. Rethinking Rice Preparation for Highly Efficient Removal of Inorganic Arsenic Using Percolating Cooking Water, PLOS ONE | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in rice and rice products (n=41) |
| 173 | Carignan et al. 2015. Estimated Exposure to Arsenic in Breastfed and Formula-Fed Infants in a United States Cohort, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 123, No. 5, pp. 500-506 | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | Protective effect of breastfeeding on infant iAs exposure: biomonitoring comparison vs formula-fed infants |
| 174 | Carignan et al. 2015. Arsenic Exposure in Infancy: Estimating the Contributions of Well Water and Human Milk, Environmental Health Perspectives 123(12):1281–1287 | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | iAs in breast milk: concentrations and implications for infant dietary exposure |
| 175 | Carignan et al. 2015. Estimated Exposure to Arsenic in Breastfed and Formula-Fed Infants in a United States Cohort, Environmental Health Perspectives | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | Cited reference from Environmental Health Perspectives |
| 176 | Baxter et al. 2015. Total Diet Study of metals and other elements in food, Food and Environment Research Agency report for the UK Food Standards Agency, Fera report 15/06, project FS102081 | 2015 | Government report | GB Pb, Cd, iAs, tAs, tHg, Ni, Al, Cr, Sn, Sb occurrence in 3312 retail food samples from 24 UK locations, combined into 138 food categories and 28 food groups, all… (n=3312) |
| 177 | Mleczek et al. 2015. Importance of low substrate arsenic content in mushroom cultivation and safety of final food product, European Food Research and Technology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | PL tAs, iAs occurrence in Cultivated mushroom taxa or strains grown under experimental substrate arsenic treatments using As(III), As(V), and DMA. (n=4) |
| 178 | Schmidt 2015. Arsenic Exposure in Infancy, Environmental Health Perspectives 123(7):A168–A173 | 2015 | News | iAs data: Science journalism commentary piece in EHP summarizing research on infant arsenic exposure from breast milk, formula, and well water. |
| 179 | Shine et al. 2015. Phytochelatin synthase is required for tolerating metal toxicity in a basidiomycete yeast and is a conserved factor involved in metal homeostasis in fungi, Fungal Biology and Biotechnology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Cu, Zn, iAs occurrence in Fungal genetics in three yeast species: Sporobolomyces sp. strain IAM 13481 (Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycota) — wild type, ura5 auxotroph… |
| 180 | Cao et al. 2014. Pharmacokinetic properties of arsenic species after oral administration of Sargassum pallidum extract in rats using an HPLC-HG-AFS method, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, iAs occurrence in One dried Sargassum pallidum material collected from Yantai City, Shandong Province, China, identified by the corresponding author, deposited… (n=1) |
| 181 | CR 2014. Analysis of Arsenic in Rice and Other Grains, Consumer Reports Food Safety and Sustainability Center | 2014 | Industry | Consumer Reports analytical testing: iAs concentrations in infant cereal, with brand-range context and public-health commentary |
| 182 | EFSA 2014. Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European population, EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597 | 2014 | Government report | EU iAs, tAs concentrations (n=103773) |
| 183 | FSA 2014. Survey of metals and other elements in commercial infant foods, infant formula and non-infant specific foods, Food Standards Agency report | 2014 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, iAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn occurrence in Forty-seven infant formula samples, 200 commercial infant foods, and 50 composite ‘other foods’ samples purchased from UK retail… (n=297) |
| 184 | Islam et al. 2014. Availability of Arsenic in Human Milk in Women and Its Correlation with Arsenic in Urine of Breastfed Children Living in Arsenic Contaminated Areas in Bangladesh, Environmental Health 13(1):101 | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | iAs in breast milk: concentrations and implications for infant dietary exposure |
| 185 | Lynch et al. 2014. A comprehensive evaluation of inorganic arsenic in food and considerations for dietary intake analyses, Science of the Total Environment 496:299–313 | 2014 | Review | US tAs, iAs occurrence in Literature meta-analysis: 134 peer-reviewed and agency studies (published 1995–July 2013) compiled into a database of >6500 inorganic-arsenic data… |
| 186 | Zhao et al. 2014. Arsenic Species in Edible Seaweeds Using In Vitro Biomimetic Digestion Determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, International Journal of Food Science 2014:436347 | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, iAs occurrence in Five edible seaweed species randomly purchased from Qingdao, Shandong Province supermarkets during August and October 2012: Laminaria japonica,… (n=5) |
| 187 | FDA 2013. Analytical Results from Inorganic Arsenic in Rice and Rice Products Sampling, September 2013, U.S. Food and Drug Administration | 2013 | Regulation | FDA monitoring of iAs in rice and rice-based products: analytical results and regulatory context |
| 188 | Lasky et al. 2013. Arsenic Levels in Chicken (correspondence: Lasky letter and Nachman et al. response), Environmental Health Perspectives | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in meat |
| 189 | Nachman et al. 2013. Arsenic in Chicken Meat, Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future research brief | 2013 | Research brief | US iAs, tAs occurrence in One hundred forty-two chicken breast samples purchased from 82 stores in 10 US cities, representing 60 unique brands;… (n=142) |
| 190 | Sears 2013. Chelation: Harnessing and Enhancing Heavy Metal Detoxification — A Review, The Scientific World Journal | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | US/CA Pb, Cd, iAs, tAs, MeHg, tHg, Sn occurrence in Narrative review; no primary measurements. |
| 191 | Arsenic 2012. Arsenic, Organic Foods, and Brown Rice Syrup, Environmental Health Perspectives | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | US/EU iAs, tAs, DMA, MMA, Al, U concentrations (n=200) |
| 192 | Centre for Food Safety 2012. The First Hong Kong Total Diet Study: Inorganic Arsenic, Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region | 2012 | Government report | HK iAs, tAs occurrence in Hong Kong adult population aged 20-84; composite samples from 150 TDS food items collected on four occasions March… (n=600) |
| 193 | Díaz et al. 2012. Total and inorganic arsenic concentrations in different species of economically important algae harvested from coastal zones of Chile, Food and Chemical Toxicology | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | CL tAs, iAs occurrence in Seventy-nine algae samples covering 14 species collected in 2003-2004 from six Chilean coastal zones; direct-consumption species were collected… (n=79) |
| 194 | Zealand 2012. Survey of total arsenic and inorganic arsenic in apple and pear juice, Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) targeted analytical survey, published February 2013 | 2012 | Government report | AU/NZ tAs, iAs occurrence in 96 apple juice and 4 pear juice samples from Australian and New Zealand retailers and manufacturers, collected April/May… (n=100) |
| 195 | Zealand 2012. Survey of Inorganic Arsenic in Seaweed and Seaweed-Containing Products Available in Australia, Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ), Survey report | 2012 | Government report | AU/NZ iAs occurrence in Thirty-eight seaweed and seaweed-containing product samples collected April–May 2010 from retail outlets across all Australian states and territories… (n=38) |
| 196 | García-Salgado et al. 2012. Arsenic speciation in edible alga samples by microwave-assisted extraction and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to atomic fluorescence spectrometry, Analytica Chimica Acta | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | FR/JP/ES tAs, iAs occurrence in Twelve commercially available dried edible marine algae from local markets or supplied algae centers: Arame, Fucus, Sea spaghetti,… (n=12) |
| 197 | Jackson et al. 2012. Arsenic, Organic Foods, and Brown Rice Syrup, Environmental Health Perspectives | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in brown rice syrup |
| 198 | Jackson et al. 2012. Arsenic concentration and speciation in infant formulas and first foods, Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 84, No. 2, pp. 215-223 | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in powdered infant formula by ICP-MS |
| 199 | Jackson et al. 2012. Arsenic, Organic Foods, and Brown Rice Syrup, Environmental Health Perspectives 120(5):623–626 | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in brown rice syrup (n=29) by ICP-MS |
| 200 | Johnson et al. 2012. Status Report: Review of Metals in the Toy Safety Standard, ASTM F 963, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Status Report, Directorate for Health Sciences, 14 March 2012; bundles Versar/SRC final contractor report Contract CPSC-D-06-0006 Task Order 008 dated 16 July 2010 | 2012 | Regulatory | US/EU Sb, iAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Pb, iHg, Se occurrence in Regulatory status report, not a sampling study. The bundled Versar/SRC literature review covered ~13,000 references identified between 2000… |
| 201 | Awata et al. 2011. Association of Dietary Intake and Biomarker Levels of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury among Asian Populations in the United States: NHANES 2011–2012, Environmental Health Perspectives | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | NHANES iAs biomonitoring in Asian-American subpopulations: blood/urinary concentrations and dietary intake associations |
| 202 | FDA 2011. Results of Arsenic Analysis in Single-Strength Apple Juice 2011 (ORA Sampling Assignment 2011102701), U.S. Food and Drug Administration | 2011 | Government dataset | FDA analytical results for iAs in apple juice: survey data and guidance context |
| 203 | Zealand 2011. The 23rd Australian Total Diet Study, Food Standards Australia New Zealand | 2011 | Government report | AU/NZ Al, tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, iHg, MeHg occurrence in Ninety-two Australian foods and beverages, including tap and bottled water, represented by 570 composite samples; each composite used… (n=570) |
| 204 | Llorente-Mirandes et al. 2011. Determination of Water-Soluble Arsenic Compounds in Commercial Edible Seaweed by LC-ICPMS, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | ES tAs, iAs occurrence in Six commercial edible seaweed products grown on the Galician coast (NW Spain) and purchased in retail food markets… (n=6) |
| 205 | Ichikawa et al. 2010. Ingestion and excretion of arsenic compounds present in edible brown algae, Hijikia fusiforme, by mice, Food and Chemical Toxicology | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | JP tAs, iAs occurrence in One supplied Hijikia fusiforme (hijiki) material from the Hijiki Cooperative Society Japan, analyzed as dried hijiki and after… (n=1) |
| 206 | Shimoda et al. 2010. Speciation Analysis of Arsenics in Commercial Hijiki by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem-mass Spectrometry and High Performance Liquid Chromatography-inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Journal of Health Science 56(1):47-56 | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | JP/KR/CN tAs, iAs occurrence in Seven commercially available dried-hijiki products and two raw hijiki products representing China (Hong Kong), South Korea, Mie prefecture,… (n=9) |
| 207 | EFSA 2009. Scientific Opinion on Arsenic in Food, EFSA Journal 2009;7(10):1351 | 2009 | Government report | EFSA 2009 scientific opinion on arsenic in food: BMDL01 derivation and dietary exposure assessment, context for iAs on this page |
| 208 | Lorenzana et al. 2009. Arsenic in Seafood: Speciation Issues for Human Health Risk Assessment, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment | 2009 | Review | US/GLOBAL tAs, iAs occurrence in Scholarly review of worldwide literature and U.S. site-assessment data on total and inorganic arsenic in marine, estuarine, freshwater,… |
| 209 | Meharg et al. 2009. Geographical Variation in Total and Inorganic Arsenic Content of Polished (White) Rice, Environmental Science & Technology | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in rice and rice products (n=901) |
| 210 | Rodriguez et al. 2009. Arsenic speciation in fish sauce samples determined by HPLC coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Food Chemistry | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | AT/TH/VN tAs, iAs occurrence in Six commercial fish sauces — four brands from Thailand and two from Vietnam — purchased at local stores… (n=6) |
| 211 | Committee on Toxicity of 2008. COT Statement on the 2006 UK Total Diet Study of Metals and Other Elements, Committee on Toxicity statement | 2008 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, iAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Mo, Ni, Se, Sn, Tl, Zn occurrence in 2006 UK Total Diet Study: 119 food categories combined into 20 prepared-as-consumed food groups for metals and other… (n=20) |
| 212 | Fångström et al. 2008. Breast-Feeding Protects against Arsenic Exposure in Bangladeshi Infants, Environmental Health Perspectives 116(7):963–969 | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | iAs: breastfeeding protective against infant arsenic exposure in high-As Bangladesh cohort; urinary arsenic lower in exclusively breastfed infants |
| 213 | Meharg et al. 2008. Levels of arsenic in rice - literature review, Food Standards Agency contract C101045 | 2008 | Government report | UK tAs, iAs occurrence in Food Standards Agency-commissioned literature review and secondary tabulation of published, FSA, and University of Aberdeen rice arsenic data,… |
| 214 | Zavala et al. 2008. Arsenic in Rice: II. Arsenic Speciation in USA Grain and Implications for Human Health, Environmental Science & Technology | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | iAs concentrations in grain crops (n=105) |
| 215 | ATSDR 2007. Toxicological Profile for Arsenic, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry | 2007 | Government report | ATSDR toxicological profile for arsenic2007 cited for comparative context on the inorganic arsenic page |
| 216 | Rose et al. 2007. Arsenic in seaweed—Forms, concentration and dietary exposure, Food and Chemical Toxicology | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | GB tAs, iAs occurrence in Thirty-one dried seaweed products on UK retail sale (London area, Oct–Dec 2003), spanning five varieties: hijiki (9), kombu… (n=31) |
| 217 | Schoof et al. 2007. Variation of total and speciated arsenic in commonly consumed fish and seafood, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | US/ES/NO tAs, iAs occurrence in Compiled fish and seafood arsenic-speciation results from 20 studies, summarized into freshwater finfish, anadromous fish, marine fish, crustaceans,… (n=437) |
| 218 | Uneyama et al. 2007. Arsenic in various foods: Cumulative data, Food Additives & Contaminants | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | JP/US/GB tAs, iAs occurrence in Cumulative review of arsenic measurements in food from PubMed, Japanese local-authority research databases, and national food-safety surveillance reports;… |
| 219 | Williams et al. 2007. Market Basket Survey Shows Elevated Levels of As in South Central U.S. Processed Rice Compared to California: Consequences for Human Dietary Exposure, Environmental Science and Technology | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | iAs dietary exposure estimates in rice and rice products |
| 220 | Fattorini et al. 2006. Characterization of arsenic content in marine organisms from temperate, tropical, and polar environments, Chemistry and Ecology | 2006 | Peer-reviewed | IT/CU tAs, iAs occurrence in Bivalve molluscs, crustaceans, and fish sampled from relatively unimpacted Mediterranean sites in Italy, Cienfuegos Bay in Cuba, and… (n=245) |
| 221 | García et al. 2006. Determination of soluble toxic arsenic species in alga samples by microwave-assisted extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation-inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography A | 2006 | Peer-reviewed | ES/JP/DE tAs, iAs occurrence in Four algae/materials analyzed for extraction and arsenic speciation: CRM NIES No. 9 Sargassum fulvellum; lyophilized Bioma-6 Chlorella vulgaris… (n=4) |
| 222 | Canada 2006. Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality — Guideline Technical Document: Arsenic, Health Canada — Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Drinking Water | 2006 | Regulatory guideline | CA iAs, tAs occurrence in Federal-Provincial-Territorial review; Canadian provincial monitoring data 1976–2002 from Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland,… |
| 223 | Ichikawa et al. 2006. Decrease of arsenic in edible brown algae Hijikia fusiforme by the cooking process, Applied Organometallic Chemistry | 2006 | Peer-reviewed | JP/KR/CN tAs, iAs occurrence in Hijikia fusiforme (hijiki) sprout and long-portion samples supplied by the Hijiki Cooperative Society Japan, gathered from Japan, South… (n=12) |
| 224 | Nischwitz et al. 2006. Improved Arsenic Speciation Analysis for Extracts of Commercially Available Edible Marine Algae Using HPLC-ES-MS/MS, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54(18):6507-6519 | 2006 | Peer-reviewed | US/CA/IS tAs, iAs occurrence in Twelve commercially available kelp/algal powder samples obtained from suppliers in the United States and Canada, including Ascophyllum nodosum,… (n=12) |
| 225 | Park et al. 2005. Speciation of Six Arsenic Compounds in Korean Seafood Samples by HPLC-ICP-MS, Key Engineering Materials | 2005 | Peer-reviewed | KR iAs occurrence in Thirty-three Korean seafood samples of seaweed, shrimp, fish, and shellfish plus two certified reference materials, analyzed for six… (n=33) |
| 226 | Fattorini et al. 2004. Chemical speciation of arsenic in different marine organisms: Importance in monitoring studies, Marine Environmental Research | 2004 | Peer-reviewed | CU tAs, iAs occurrence in Thirteen species rows of marine organisms collected from Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba, 15 days after a December 2001 arsenic… (n=13) |
| 227 | Hovanec 2004. Arsenic speciation in commercially available peanut butter spread by IC-ICP-MS, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry | 2004 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, iAs occurrence in Commercially available peanut butter products purchased at US retail (grocery and gourmet stores), plus NIST SRM 2387 (n=6) |
| 228 | Committee on Toxicity of 2003. Statement on arsenic in food: results of the 1999 Total Diet Study, Committee on Toxicity statement | 2003 | Government report | GB tAs, iAs occurrence in 1999 UK Total Diet Study arsenic analysis: 119 food categories collected from 24 towns and combined into 20… (n=480) |
| 229 | Laparra et al. 2003. Estimation of Arsenic Bioaccessibility in Edible Seaweed by an in Vitro Digestion Method, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | 2003 | Peer-reviewed | ES tAs, iAs occurrence in Three edible seaweed products acquired in health-food stores in Valencia, Spain: Hizikia fusiforme (hijiki), Porphyra sp. (nori), and… (n=3) |
| 230 | Almela et al. 2002. Heavy Metal, Total Arsenic, and Inorganic Arsenic Contents of Algae Food Products, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | 2002 | Peer-reviewed | ES tAs, iAs, Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in Eighteen processed edible-algae food products on retail sale in Valencia, Spain: 12 brown-algae products (wakame from Undaria pinnatifida,… (n=18) |
| 231 | Cobbett et al. 2002. Phytochelatins and Metallothioneins: Roles in Heavy Metal Detoxification and Homeostasis, Annual Review of Plant Biology | 2002 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, iAs, tHg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni occurrence in Narrative review of the phytochelatin and metallothionein literature; primary focus on Arabidopsis thaliana, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and other plant… |
| 232 | Tukai et al. 2002. Occurrence and chemical form of arsenic in marine macroalgae from the east coast of Australia, Marine and Freshwater Research 53:971-980 | 2002 | Peer-reviewed | AU tAs, iAs occurrence in Five replicate samples of 13 macroalgal species collected at two sites within each of three Sydney-area locations: Cape… (n=390) |
| 233 | EPA 2001. EPA Drinking Water Arsenic MCL Rule (10 ppb), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | 2001 | Government report | EPA drinking water MCL for arsenic (10 µg/L): regulatory standard and risk basis for iAs dietary exposure comparisons |
| 234 | McSheehy et al. 2000. Speciation of arsenic in edible algae by bi-dimensional size-exclusion anion exchange HPLC with dual ICP-MS and electrospray MS/MS detection, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry | 2000 | Peer-reviewed | FR/ES/JP tAs, iAs occurrence in Ten commercially available edible algal food products available on the French market, with origins reported as Spain, Japan,… (n=10) |
| 235 | Munoz et al. 1999. Rapid and quantitative release, separation and determination of inorganic arsenic [As(III)+As(V)] in seafood products by microwave-assisted distillation and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry | 1999 | Peer-reviewed | ES iAs, tAs occurrence in Twenty-one natural seafood products purchased at local retail outlets: fresh anchovy, clam, cockle, mussel, sardine, small squid, squid;… (n=21) |
| 236 | EPA 1997. Arsenic and Fish Consumption, US EPA Office of Water | 1997 | Government report | US iAs, tAs occurrence in Literature review of fish and shellfish arsenic data; exposure scenarios derived from USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intake… |
| 237 | Codex 1995. General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (CXS 193-1995), Codex Alimentarius (Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme) | 1995 | Government report | Codex General Standard for Contaminants (CXS 193): iAs maximum levels across food commodities |
| 238 | Morita et al. 1990. Chemical form of arsenic in marine macroalgae, Applied Organometallic Chemistry 4(3):181-190 | 1990 | Peer reviewed review | JP tAs, iAs occurrence in Review plus HPLC/ICP/MS characterization of 38 Japanese marine algae, including edible brown, red, and green macroalgae; Table 2… (n=38) |
| 239 | Kaise et al. 1988. Distribution of inorganic arsenic and methylated arsenic in marine organisms, Applied Organometallic Chemistry | 1988 | Peer-reviewed | Japan tAs, iAs occurrence in Sixty marine-organism specimens collected from the Miura Peninsula and Shimonoseki coasts in Japan, plus some market samples; fish… (n=60) |
| 240 | Norin et al. 1985. Concentration of inorganic and total arsenic in fish from industrially polluted water, Chemosphere | 1985 | Peer-reviewed | Sweden tAs, iAs occurrence in Fish captured from arsenic-polluted brackish water near Ronnskar/Skelleftebukten, unpolluted brackish reference water at Furuogrund, polluted freshwater Lake Bodatrask,… |
| 241 | Brooke et al. 1981. Determination of Total Inorganic Arsenic in Fish, Shellfish and Fish Products, Analyst | 1981 | Peer-reviewed | GB iAs, tAs occurrence in Fish and shellfish product sample rows in Table V: herring, canned crab, haddock, NBS dried tuna, two whelk… (n=9) |
| 242 | Reinke et al. 1975. The determination of arsenite and arsenate ions in fish and shellfish by selective extraction and polarography, Environmental Letters | 1975 | Peer-reviewed | CA iAs, tAs occurrence in White muscle or organ tissue from halibut, shrimp, haddock, crab, mackerel, herring, lobster tail, and lobster hepatopancreas analyzed… (n=8) |
| 243 | California Office of Environmental. Arsenic (inorganic Arsenic Compounds) — Proposition 65 Chemical Listing, California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Proposition 65 Listings | — | Government report | California Proposition 65: inorganic arsenic NSRL/MADL regulatory values and listing basis for consumer-product compliance |
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| b0f3d38 | 2026-06-12 | batch | corpus rescreen b04 old terminal skips |