Verified source identity
Environmental Geochemistry and Health, volume 46, article 339. DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02116-x. The previous record incorrectly named another journal and linked a different DOI; those fields were corrected on 17 October 2026.
Findings and scope
The two-year Delaware mesocosm experiment compared six irrigation regimes. More aerobic management increased grain cadmium and reduced arsenic overall, with a weaker response for inorganic arsenic. No tested regime simultaneously minimized both contaminants. This is site-specific evidence, not a universally optimal irrigation prescription.
The design used 18 mesocosms and three replicates per regime. Total elements were measured by ICP-MS; grain arsenic speciation used IC-ICP-MS. See the primary text’s Experimental design, Plant sampling and analysis, Results and Discussion sections.
Assessment limits
Exact effect-size and uncertainty extraction, commercial transfer, costs and joint appraisal of yield and nutritional outcomes remain unfinished. Earlier approximate concentration ranges and an unqualified best-compromise recommendation are not retained as verified findings. The sample count represents repeated mesocosm-year observations, not independent farms.
Related evidence
Update history
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