Overview
Zhang, Kluz and Costa measured 32 elements by ICP-MS in prenatal vitamins from six brands sold in New York and discuss 17 toxic elements, classified by whether the product is natural, synthetic or mixed. Results are reported as micrograms per recommended daily dose. The file is the PubMed Central author manuscript of the published paper.
Key numbers
- Arsenic: 0.0643 µg per dose in the synthetic product (B) up to 8.0118 µg per dose in one batch of product F; the natural product E had 4.5318 µg per dose (Table 3).
- Lead: 0.0814 to 0.4521 µg per dose, highest in the natural product E (Table 3).
- Cadmium: 0.0099 to 0.7854 µg per dose, highest in product E (Table 3).
- Three batches of product F gave arsenic of 8.0118, 7.6170 and 7.4952 µg per dose (Table 3).
Methods (brief)
About 400 mg of tablet, gummy or gel-cap contents was microwave-digested with nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide and hydrofluoric acid and analyzed by ICP-MS in standard and helium KED modes. Accuracy was checked with NIST 1577 liver CRM and spikes; recoveries and detection limits are in supplementary tables that are not part of the PDF.
Evidence Fitness
Only eight products, with duplicate or triplicate measurements, and no per-kilogram concentrations, so values cannot be placed on concentration bands. LODs and recoveries are not available in the file. This is the author manuscript rather than the typeset article. These are finished prenatal supplements, so for the vitamin-mineral-premix page this is a proxy (finished product, not premix) and that page is not linked.
Related evidence
- Ingredient class — vitamin/mineral (single, multi-mineral, multi-vitamin/mineral)
- Heavy metal contamination of prenatal vitamins
- Arsenic
- Lead
- Cadmium
Update history
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