Volume 131 evaluates trivalent antimony and pentavalent antimony separately. The evaluation section classifies trivalent antimony in Group 2A and pentavalent antimony in Group 3.
Key numbers
Evaluation (PDF p.160, printed p.515, section 6): trivalent antimony is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A), on limited evidence in humans for lung cancer, sufficient evidence in experimental animals for antimony(III) oxide, and strong mechanistic evidence in human primary cells. Three smelter cohorts are the human evidence, and arsenic confounding is not ruled out. Pentavalent antimony is Group 3, with inadequate evidence in humans and in experimental animals and limited mechanistic evidence. Section 4.1.2 (PDF p.110, printed p.465) prints about 23.3 percent systemic conversion to trivalent antimony after a single intramuscular dose of 5 mg/kg body weight in five healthy adults, and a rise in the plasma proportion of trivalent antimony from 5 percent to 50 percent between day 1 and day 9 in rhesus monkeys. A separate 23.3 percent on PDF p.14 is a sea-spray emissions share, not the conversion figure.
Methods (brief)
Monograph chapter. The file opened is the antimony chapter PDF, 183 pages, not a press release alone.
Evidence fitness
Supports the Group 2A and Group 3 classifications and the metabolism percentages as printed in section 4.1.2. Does not support reading the classification as an oral potency or as a dose from a consumer article.
Limitations
Inhalation and occupational human evidence, plus parenteral metabolism data. Not a baby-product occurrence study.
Related evidence
Update history
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