Hahn and colleagues report urinary antimony from GerES V. Antimony was detected in 79 percent of participants. The geometric mean was 0.053 μg/L. The limit of quantification was 0.04 μg/L. The maximum was 0.66 μg/L (0.89 μg/g creatinine). The sample is 2250 children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years in Germany, 2014 to 2017. This paper was also processed by Codex locally.
Key numbers
The figures above are the survey’s own summary. Percentiles that are split across a less-than sign and the LOQ, and comparison rows drawn from NHANES, CHMS, or Esteban, are not copied onto this page. Those external surveys are other studies.
Methods (brief)
Population biomonitoring of urine. The analyte is antimony in urine. It is not a concentration in a product, and it is not speciated on this page.
Evidence fitness
The geometric mean and detection frequency support a biomonitoring statement for German children and adolescents. They do not support a product contamination profile.
Limitations
Creatinine-adjusted and volume-based units are different. The maximum is stated in both. Smoker-specific upper percentiles are not reprinted because blank cells in the comparison tables were not re-verified one by one.
Related evidence
Update history
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