Herbal botanicals
This is a structural ingredient node created so product pages can link to a real wiki target. Occurrence values remain pending until a source is promoted for this ingredient.
Routing
This node is linked from herbal-botanical-infusions.
Contamination Profile State
The machine-readable contamination profile is pending. Ingredient-level values belong here once parsed; finished-product values belong on the relevant product-category page.
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The “Used on this page for” column is populated by the orchestrator’s POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Porwollik et al. 2026. The quality and safety of Rhodiola rosea supplements on the U.S. market: An analysis of biomarkers, heavy metals, and pesticide residues, PLoS One | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | ICP-MS survey of Pb, Cd, tAs, and tHg in 10 U.S.-market Rhodiola rosea supplement products (7 capsular, 3 tinctures); all capsular products had detectable As, Co, and Pb |
| 2 | CFIA 2025. Toxic metals in selected foods – April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023: Food chemistry – Targeted surveys – Final report, Canadian Food Inspection Agency | 2025 | Government report | Canadian multi-commodity targeted survey (n=470) including spices for tAs, Cd, Pb, and tHg; spice category includes dried botanicals relevant to herbal formulations |
| 3 | Cantoral et al. 2024. Lead Levels in the Most Consumed Mexican Foods: First Monitoring Effort, Toxics | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb survey across 103 Mexican market foods by GF-AAS; spices (black pepper, turmeric) among the highest-Pb items detected, supporting routing of spice-botanicals to this page |
| 4 | Codex 2024. Report of the 17th Session of the Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods (REP24/CF17), Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Codex Alimentarius Commission | 2024 | Government report | Codex CCCF17 session proceedings; routed here as regulatory context for herbal-botanical contaminant governance under the Codex CXS 193-1995 framework |
| 5 | Hu et al. 2024. An electrochemiluminescence device for visualized detection of lead in practical samples, RSC Advances | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | ECL aptamer-sensor method development paper validated on Lycium ruthenicum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis extracts; contributes analytical-method context for Pb detection in herbal botanicals rather than occurrence data |
| 6 | Napier et al. 2024. Childhood Lead Exposure Linked to Apple Cinnamon Fruit Puree Pouches — North Carolina, June 2023–January 2024, MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | 2024 | Government report | CDC MMWR outbreak report linking pediatric Pb poisoning to cinnamon adulterated with lead chromate (Ecuador); cinnamon is a spice-botanical, grounding the high-Pb-risk signal for adulterated spice ingredients |
| 7 | Yang 2024. LIBS detection of cadmium in Panax notoginseng, unknown | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | LIBS method-development paper for rapid Cd detection in Panax notoginseng (tienchi ginseng); contributes analytical-method context for Cd in TCM botanical herbs rather than occurrence data |
| 8 | Salmani et al. 2023. Comparison of Essential and Toxic Metals Levels in some Herbal Teas: a Systematic Review, Biological Trace Element Research | 2023 | Review | Systematic review of 49 studies on Pb, Cd, tAs, Al, Cr, and Ni in herbal teas (chamomile, thyme, rosemary, black tea, green tea); chamomile Cd notably elevated at mean 23 µg/g across included studies |