Heavy metals in Grapes

Quick read

Grapes in the HMI library has 804 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylarsonic acid, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, tin, antimony, uranium, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V, Se, Ag, arsenic (As), B, Ba, Be, mercury (Hg), Mg and Tl from 38 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Bora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, Bunea CI · 2022Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaHorticulturaeRead source →}^{4Guerra F, Trevizam AR, Muraoka T, Marcante NC, Canniatti-Brazaca SG · 2012Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human healthScientia Agricola 69(1):54-60Read source →}^{5Lee J, Hwang I, Park YS, Lee DY · 2023Occurrence and health risk assessment of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead in fresh fruits consumed in South KoreaApplied Biological ChemistryRead source →}^{6Mania M, Rebeniak M, Chabros E, Orshulyak O, Postupolski J · 2021The content of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and tin in fruit and their products based on monitoring studies – exposure assessmentRoczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene)Read source →}

Metals measured:
Lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid and monomethylarsonic acid and others, in 804 results from 38 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Bora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, Bunea CI · 2022Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaHorticulturaeRead source →}^{4Guerra F, Trevizam AR, Muraoka T, Marcante NC, Canniatti-Brazaca SG · 2012Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human healthScientia Agricola 69(1):54-60Read source →}
Main drivers:
Grapes, as sold from processed product, Poland retail/official control had lead higher at 70 µg/kg, against 5 µg/kg for fresh product, Poland retail/official control in the same study.^{7Rusin M, Domagalska J, Rogala D, Razzaghi M, Szymala I · 2021Concentration of cadmium and lead in vegetables and fruitsScientific ReportsRead source →}
Practical framing:
Ask for lot results with a quantification limit well below the limit that applies in the destination market.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Bora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, Bunea CI · 2022Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaHorticulturaeRead source →}^{4Guerra F, Trevizam AR, Muraoka T, Marcante NC, Canniatti-Brazaca SG · 2012Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human healthScientia Agricola 69(1):54-60Read source →}

Grapes overview

Grapes in the HMI library has 804 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylarsonic acid, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, tin, antimony, uranium, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V, Se, Ag, As, B, Ba, Be, Hg, Mg and Tl from 38 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Bora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, Bunea CI · 2022Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaHorticulturaeRead source →}^{4Guerra F, Trevizam AR, Muraoka T, Marcante NC, Canniatti-Brazaca SG · 2012Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human healthScientia Agricola 69(1):54-60Read source →}^{5Lee J, Hwang I, Park YS, Lee DY · 2023Occurrence and health risk assessment of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead in fresh fruits consumed in South KoreaApplied Biological ChemistryRead source →}^{6Mania M, Rebeniak M, Chabros E, Orshulyak O, Postupolski J · 2021The content of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and tin in fruit and their products based on monitoring studies – exposure assessmentRoczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene)Read source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in grapes, as sold from 2,586 results in 4 reporting regions, with subgroup medians from 4.85 to 275 µg/kg.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} In the US Total Diet Study, grapes, as sold had a median lead result below 4 µg/kg across 27 composites from 2017–2020.^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}

Across 7 other studies of ordinary farms and markets, reported lead means and medians on an as-sold or fresh-weight basis ranged from 0.719 µg/kg (S-T et al. 2024) to 750 µg/kg (Guerra et al. 2012).^{4Guerra F, Trevizam AR, Muraoka T, Marcante NC, Canniatti-Brazaca SG · 2012Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human healthScientia Agricola 69(1):54-60Read source →}^{8Lin S-T, Liao K-W, Xuan T-C, Chiou T-Y, Lin Z-E, Lee W-J · 2024Determination, distribution, and health risk assessment of 12 heavy metals in various edible oils in TaiwanJSFA ReportsRead source →} For cadmium, 4 studies on an as-sold or fresh-weight basis reported means and medians from 0.4 µg/kg (Rusin et al. 2021) to 240 µg/kg (Sembratowicz et al. 2010).^{7Rusin M, Domagalska J, Rogala D, Razzaghi M, Szymala I · 2021Concentration of cadmium and lead in vegetables and fruitsScientific ReportsRead source →}^{9Sembratowicz I, Rusinek E, Ognik K · 2010Contents of Nitrates (III) and (V), Lead and Cadmium in Select Domestic FruitsPolish Journal of Environmental StudiesRead source →} Higher results came from contaminated or exposed settings rather than ordinary supply. Grapes, as sold from processed product, Poland retail/official control had lead higher at 70 µg/kg, against 5 µg/kg for fresh product, Poland retail/official control in the same study.^{7Rusin M, Domagalska J, Rogala D, Razzaghi M, Szymala I · 2021Concentration of cadmium and lead in vegetables and fruitsScientific ReportsRead source →}

For a buyer the practical points are the form bought, the basis a result is reported on, where the grapes came from and the laboratory’s reporting limit. Testing finds contamination but does not remove it.

What counts as grapes

This page covers grapes in 6 forms kept separate in every comparison: grapes, as sold (686 results), grapes, peeled or flesh (77 results), grapes, dried (15 results), grapes, oil (12 results), grapes, flour or meal (8 results) and grapes, juice (6 results).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Bora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, Bunea CI · 2022Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaHorticulturaeRead source →}^{4Guerra F, Trevizam AR, Muraoka T, Marcante NC, Canniatti-Brazaca SG · 2012Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human healthScientia Agricola 69(1):54-60Read source →}^{5Lee J, Hwang I, Park YS, Lee DY · 2023Occurrence and health risk assessment of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead in fresh fruits consumed in South KoreaApplied Biological ChemistryRead source →}^{6Mania M, Rebeniak M, Chabros E, Orshulyak O, Postupolski J · 2021The content of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and tin in fruit and their products based on monitoring studies – exposure assessmentRoczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene)Read source →} Foods made from grapes that have their own pages, such as grape jelly and grape juice, are covered there.

Results stay on the basis each source reports: as sold or fresh weight, dry weight, or unstated. Dry-weight, as-sold and unstated results are never pooled, and no moisture conversion is applied.

Heavy metal contamination profile of grapes

The table holds every extracted grapes result: one row for each statistic a source reports for a form, group and metal, 804 rows in all, grouped by metal and form; percentiles, ranges and maxima for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Bora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, Bunea CI · 2022Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaHorticulturaeRead source →}^{4Guerra F, Trevizam AR, Muraoka T, Marcante NC, Canniatti-Brazaca SG · 2012Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human healthScientia Agricola 69(1):54-60Read source →}^{5Lee J, Hwang I, Park YS, Lee DY · 2023Occurrence and health risk assessment of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead in fresh fruits consumed in South KoreaApplied Biological ChemistryRead source →}^{6Mania M, Rebeniak M, Chabros E, Orshulyak O, Postupolski J · 2021The content of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and tin in fruit and their products based on monitoring studies – exposure assessmentRoczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene)Read source →} Monitoring medians are HMI calculations from individual submissions; non-detects remain intervals between zero and the reporting limit and are never read as zero.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

39 rows can be rated against an HMI reference for the same form and basis, 126 rows have a direct same-study comparison, and the rest stay unrated with the reason recorded. 50 values from 6 sources failed a check against their own source and are shown but not compared.^{10Rahim M, Saqib NU, Wahid F, Khan N, Alrawi LI · 2020Analysis of Toxic Heavy Metal Content of the Most Widely Consumed FruitsJournal of Physical ScienceRead source →}^{11van Wyk TN, van Jaarsveld F, Caleb OJ · 2021Metal Concentrations in Grape SpiritsSouth African Journal of Enology and Viticulture 42(1): 36-43Read source →}^{12Afrin S · 2020Determination and Risk Analysis of Heavy Metals in Different Fruits Collected from Different Shops of Dhaka CityM.S. Thesis, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, DhakaRead source →}^{13Sundhar S, Shakila RJ, Shalini R, Aanand S, Jayakumar N · 2023Effect of thermal processing on toxic heavy metals in edible seaweeds of Gulf of Mannar and their health risk assessmentRegional Studies in Marine ScienceRead source →}^{14Mohammad Rezaei, Yousef Fakhri, Maryam Abtahi, Majid Keramati, Gholamreza Ghasemi, Mohammad H. Moradi, Hamed Shariatifar, Mahsa Mousavi Khaneghah · 2020Essential elements in the different type of fruits, soil and water samples collected from Markazi province, Iran: a health risk assessment studyQuality Assurance and Safety of Crops & FoodsRead source →}^{15Salhotra P, Verma R · 2017Determination of heavy metals contamination in some vegetables and fruits samples from the market of Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh StateIOSR Journal of Applied ChemistryRead source →}

Comparison methods and scope

Each row is one statistic a source reports for one form of grapes, group and metal; percentiles, ranges and maxima reported for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row. Different forms and preparation states are kept apart, and dry-weight results never share a reference with as-sold or fresh-weight results. Ratings place a result against an HMI reference built from monitoring results and ordinary-setting medians for the same form and basis. Same-study contrasts compare a contaminated or treated site with its control, targeted with random sampling, a prepared form with the unprocessed one, or one group of a study with the median of its other groups. Held rows failed a check against their own source and are shown but not compared.

Filter findings

AnalyteFood formCollection regionCollection periodSourceCompare withComparable findings only

722 of 722 findings · 28 analytes

About this table

Food formCollection scopeFindingComparisonEvidence

Grapes findings from monitoring programmes, total diet studies and every extracted field, market and contaminated-site study, in µg/kg with each source’s form, basis, statistic and censoring retained.
Food form	Collection scope	Finding (µg/kg)

98 findings · 27 studies · 9 spread figures folded in
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2012–2019As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2015As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2007As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2007–2009As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2020As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2000–2001As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2017As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2015As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2011–2012As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2000–2017As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2013As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	SEARO2014As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2008As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2012As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2001–2014As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO1998–2008As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2017–2020As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with 5% acetic acid vinegar2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with 10% acetic acid vinegar2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with 5% acetic acid vinegar2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with 10% acetic acid vinegar2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldLee et al. 2023	all samples2019As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldMania et al. 2021	single sample, Peru2015As sold / fresh	max.
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 2.5 µg/kg (minimum); 6.6 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	min.
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	max.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 2Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 3Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 4Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 5Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 6Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 7Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 8Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 9Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 10Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 11Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 12Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 13Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 14Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 15Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 16Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 17Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldRusin et al. 2021	fresh product, Poland retail/official controlCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldRusin et al. 2021	processed product, Poland retail/official controlCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldSah et al. 2013	sample 61 NPL, rubber toy, Nepal market2013As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldSembratowicz et al. 2010	allotment gardens in Lublin city centre2007As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldSembratowicz et al. 2010	allotment gardens in Lublin city centre2007As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldSembratowicz et al. 2010	allotment gardens in Lublin surroundings (15-20 km out)2007As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldSembratowicz et al. 2010	allotment gardens in Lublin surroundings (15-20 km out)2007As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldSpungen et al. 2024	all samples2018–2020As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldvan et al. 2021	South African producers, vintages 2001-20032000–2006As sold / fresh	min.
Grapes, as soldvan et al. 2021	South African producers, vintages 2001-20032000–2006As sold / fresh	max.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2016–2017Dry weight	median.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 1 (super shop, Mirpur-10), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 2 (super market, Dhanmondi), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 3 (Prince Bazar, Mirpur-1), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 4 (fruit market, Kawran Bazar), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 5 (Meena Bazar, Shyamoli), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldElbagermi et al. 2012	all samples2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	all samples2009–2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chile (imported sample)2009–2010Dry weight	not detected.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 5,110 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 30 µg/kg (minimum); 240 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 50 µg/kg (minimum); 430 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldOrisakwe et al. 2012	all samples (Ohaji, Umuagwo, Owerri sites)Collection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRahim et al. 2020	28 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa fruit marketsCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRusin et al. 2021	dried product, Poland retail/official controlCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldSembratowicz et al. 2010	allotment gardens in Lublin city centre2007Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldSembratowicz et al. 2010	allotment gardens in Lublin surroundings (15-20 km out)2007Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	SEARO2012–2013Basis not stated	median.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	AlexandriaCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	CairoCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	El-FayoumCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	GizaCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 15_962014–2015Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldCantoral et al. 2024	Fruits (retail, Mexico City)2022–2023Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldCentre for Food Safety (Hong Kong) 2013	all samples2010–2011Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	median.
Grapes, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	mean.Same samples: 1.5 µg/kg (minimum); 17.1 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	min.
Grapes, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	max.
Grapes, as soldNie et al. 2016	main producing areas of China2014Basis not stated	median.
Grapes, as soldNie et al. 2016	main producing areas of China2014Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldNie et al. 2016	main producing areas of China2014Basis not stated	other.
Grapes, as soldSalhotra et al. 2017	all samples (market, Jagdalpur)2017Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	boiled 15 min at 102 CCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	boiled 15 min at 102 CCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	microwave-cooked 10 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	microwave-cooked 10 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	raw (unprocessed), wild-harvested green seaweed, Gulf of MannarCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	steamed 15 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	steamed 15 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldWang et al. 2020	all samples (both areas)2015–2016Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldWang et al. 2020	Other (non-Songhua) area2015–2016Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldWang et al. 2020	Songhua River basin area2015–2016Basis not stated	mean.
10 findings · 1 study · 1 spread figure folded in
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	all samples2009–2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chile (imported sample)2009–2010Dry weight	not detected.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 370 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	not detected.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	not detected.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	max.
4 findings · 1 study
Grapes, driedWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2002–2003As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, driedWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2013–2014As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, driedWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2002As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, driedWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2014As sold / fresh	median.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, oilS-T et al. 2024	refinedCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, flour or mealauthors 2025	all samples (native, undigested flour)2023–2024Dry weight	mean.
4 findings · 1 study
Grapes, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2009As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2012As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2015As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2011As sold / fresh	median.

84 findings · 26 studies · 4 spread figures folded in
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EMRO2019As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EMRO2019As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2005As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2012–2013As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2013As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2012–2015As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2007–2009As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2001–2020As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2000–2006As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2017As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO1999–2018As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO1998–2014As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO1998–2008As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2017–2020As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with 5% acetic acid vinegar2021As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with 10% acetic acid vinegar2021As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with 5% acetic acid vinegar2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with 10% acetic acid vinegar2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldF-D et al. 2015	cv. Fetească albă, Turulung vineyard, NW Romania2013As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldF-D et al. 2015	cv. Fetească regală, Turulung vineyard, NW Romania2013As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldF-D et al. 2015	cv. Riesling italian, Turulung vineyard, NW Romania2013As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldLee et al. 2023	all samples2019As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldRusin et al. 2021	fresh product, Poland retail/official controlCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldRusin et al. 2021	processed product, Poland retail/official controlCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldSah et al. 2013	sample 61 NPL, rubber toy, Nepal market2013As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldSembratowicz et al. 2010	allotment gardens in Lublin city centre2007As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldSembratowicz et al. 2010	allotment gardens in Lublin city centre2007As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldSembratowicz et al. 2010	allotment gardens in Lublin surroundings (15-20 km out)2007As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldSembratowicz et al. 2010	allotment gardens in Lublin surroundings (15-20 km out)2007As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldSpungen et al. 2024	all samples2018–2020As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldvan et al. 2021	South African producers, vintages 2001-20032000–2006As sold / fresh	min.
Grapes, as soldvan et al. 2021	South African producers, vintages 2001-20032000–2006As sold / fresh	max.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2016–2019Dry weight	median.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 1 (super shop, Mirpur-10), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 2 (super market, Dhanmondi), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 3 (Prince Bazar, Mirpur-1), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 4 (fruit market, Kawran Bazar), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 5 (Meena Bazar, Shyamoli), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldElbagermi et al. 2012	all samples2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	all samples2009–2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chile (imported sample)2009–2010Dry weight	not detected.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 200 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	not detected.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 20 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldOrisakwe et al. 2012	all samples (Ohaji, Umuagwo, Owerri sites)Collection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRahim et al. 2020	28 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa fruit marketsCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRusin et al. 2021	dried product, Poland retail/official controlCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldSembratowicz et al. 2010	allotment gardens in Lublin city centre2007Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldSembratowicz et al. 2010	allotment gardens in Lublin surroundings (15-20 km out)2007Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	AlexandriaCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	CairoCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	El-FayoumCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	GizaCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 15_962014–2015Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldCentre for Food Safety (Hong Kong) 2013	all samples2010–2011Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	median.
Grapes, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	mean.Same samples: 0.22 µg/kg (minimum); 1.05 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	min.
Grapes, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	max.
Grapes, as soldJoint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives 2022	GEMS/Food contaminants database2011Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldJoint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives 2022	GEMS/Food contaminants database2011Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldNie et al. 2016	main producing areas of China2014Basis not stated	median.
Grapes, as soldNie et al. 2016	main producing areas of China2014Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldNie et al. 2016	main producing areas of China2014Basis not stated	other.
Grapes, as soldSalhotra et al. 2017	all samples (market, Jagdalpur)2017Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	boiled 15 min at 102 CCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	boiled 15 min at 102 CCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	microwave-cooked 10 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	microwave-cooked 10 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	raw (unprocessed), wild-harvested green seaweed, Gulf of MannarCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	steamed 15 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	steamed 15 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldWang et al. 2020	all samples (both areas)2015–2016Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldWang et al. 2020	Other (non-Songhua) area2015–2016Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldWang et al. 2020	Songhua River basin area2015–2016Basis not stated	mean.
9 findings · 1 study · 2 spread figures folded in
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	all samples2009–2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chile (imported sample)2009–2010Dry weight	not detected.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 40 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	not detected.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 4 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	max.
3 findings · 1 study
Grapes, driedWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, driedWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO1998As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, driedWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2014As sold / fresh	median.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, oilS-T et al. 2024	refinedCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, flour or mealauthors 2025	all samples (native, undigested flour)2023–2024Dry weight	mean.
2 findings · 1 study
Grapes, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2017As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2014As sold / fresh	median.

42 findings · 11 studies · 8 spread figures folded in
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2012–2023As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2015–2022As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2007–2009As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2015As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2000As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2002–2012As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2014–2023As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2022As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2004–2014As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO1998–2008As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2017–2020As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldLee et al. 2023	all samples2019As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldMaduabuchi et al. 2007	non-canned beverage2005As sold / fresh	sample value.
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 1.9 µg/kg (minimum); 3.4 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	min.
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	max.
Grapes, as soldvan et al. 2021	South African producers, vintages 2001-20032000–2006As sold / fresh	min.
Grapes, as soldvan et al. 2021	South African producers, vintages 2001-20032000–2006As sold / fresh	max.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	all samples2009–2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chile (imported sample)2009–2010Dry weight	sample value.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 100 µg/kg (minimum); 950 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 230 µg/kg (minimum); 360 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 90 µg/kg (minimum); 430 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 15_962014–2015Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	boiled 15 min at 102 CCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	boiled 15 min at 102 CCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	microwave-cooked 10 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	microwave-cooked 10 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	raw (unprocessed), wild-harvested green seaweed, Gulf of MannarCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	steamed 15 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	steamed 15 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Black Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	sample value.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Black Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	sample value.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Black Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	sample value.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Green Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	sample value.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Green Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Green Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Organic Green Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	sample value.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Organic Red Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	sample value.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Red Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Red Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	sample value.
Grapes, as soldWang et al. 2020	all samples (both areas)2015–2016Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldWang et al. 2020	Other (non-Songhua) area2015–2016Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldWang et al. 2020	Songhua River basin area2015–2016Basis not stated	mean.
5 findings · 1 study · 6 spread figures folded in
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	all samples2009–2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chile (imported sample)2009–2010Dry weight	sample value.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 30 µg/kg (minimum); 670 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 80 µg/kg (minimum); 150 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 70 µg/kg (minimum); 350 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	max.
2 findings · 1 study
Grapes, driedWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2014–2023As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, driedWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2014As sold / fresh	median.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, oilS-T et al. 2024	refinedCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, flour or mealauthors 2025	all samples (native, undigested flour)2023–2024Dry weight	mean.

17 findings · 5 studies · 3 spread figures folded in
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2023As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2018–2021As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2010–2022As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 0.3 µg/kg (minimum); 3.6 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	min.
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	max.
Grapes, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 15_962014–2015Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldCentre for Food Safety FEHD HKSAR 2012	all samples (4 sampling occasions, composites)2010–2011Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	all samples2012Basis not stated	mean.Same samples: 3–15.2 µg/kg (range)
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	all samples2012Basis not stated	range.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Black Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	sample value.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Black Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	sample value.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Black Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Green Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Green Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Green Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Organic Green Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Organic Red Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Red Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Red Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
2 findings · 1 study
Grapes, driedWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2014–2020As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, driedWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2022As sold / fresh	median.

10 findings · 1 study
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Black Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Black Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Black Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Green Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Green Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Green Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Organic Green Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Organic Red Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Red Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Red Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.

10 findings · 1 study
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Black Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Black Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Black Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Green Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Green Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Green Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Organic Green Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Organic Red Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Red Seedless Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016	Red Seedless Table Grapes (USA)2012Basis not stated	not detected.

21 findings · 6 studies
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2013As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2013As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2006As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2007–2009As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2001–2020As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2000–2002As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2015–2017As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO1998–2014As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO1998–2008As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2017–2020As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldChen et al. 2024	grapes, local supermarket in Kunming (unspiked)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldDabeka et al. 2003	Ottawa composite (retail Oct-Nov 2000)1998–2000As sold / fresh	sample value.
Grapes, as soldDabeka et al. 2003	Whitehorse composite (retail Jan-Feb 1998)1998–2000As sold / fresh	sample value.
Grapes, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 15_962014–2015Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	boiled 15 min at 102 CCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	boiled 15 min at 102 CCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	microwave-cooked 10 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	microwave-cooked 10 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	raw (unprocessed), wild-harvested green seaweed, Gulf of MannarCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	steamed 15 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	steamed 15 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
3 findings · 1 study
Grapes, driedWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, driedWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO1998As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, driedWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2014As sold / fresh	median.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, flour or mealauthors 2025	all samples (native, undigested flour)2023–2024Dry weight	mean.

40 findings · 16 studies · 5 spread figures folded in
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2000As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2017–2020As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldLee et al. 2023	all samples2019As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldvan et al. 2021	South African producers, vintages 2001-20032000–2006As sold / fresh	min.
Grapes, as soldvan et al. 2021	South African producers, vintages 2001-20032000–2006As sold / fresh	max.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 1 (super shop, Mirpur-10), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 2 (super market, Dhanmondi), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 3 (Prince Bazar, Mirpur-1), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 4 (fruit market, Kawran Bazar), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 5 (Meena Bazar, Shyamoli), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldElbagermi et al. 2012	all samples2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	all samples2009–2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chile (imported sample)2009–2010Dry weight	sample value.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 4,000 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 10 µg/kg (minimum); 520 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 40 µg/kg (minimum); 560 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldOrisakwe et al. 2012	all samples (Ohaji, Umuagwo, Owerri sites)Collection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRahim et al. 2020	28 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa fruit marketsCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	AlexandriaCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	CairoCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	El-FayoumCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	GizaCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 15_962014–2015Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldCentre for Food Safety (Hong Kong) 2013	all samples2010–2011Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	Montreal composite1986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.
Grapes, as soldNie et al. 2016	main producing areas of China2014Basis not stated	median.
Grapes, as soldNie et al. 2016	main producing areas of China2014Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldNie et al. 2016	main producing areas of China2014Basis not stated	other.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	boiled 15 min at 102 CCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	boiled 15 min at 102 CCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	microwave-cooked 10 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	microwave-cooked 10 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	raw (unprocessed), wild-harvested green seaweed, Gulf of MannarCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	steamed 15 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	steamed 15 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
9 findings · 1 study · 2 spread figures folded in
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	all samples2009–2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chile (imported sample)2009–2010Dry weight	not detected.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 160 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	not detected.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 250 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	max.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, oilS-T et al. 2024	refinedCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, flour or mealauthors 2025	all samples (native, undigested flour)2023–2024Dry weight	mean.

63 findings · 18 studies · 8 spread figures folded in
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2000As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2017–2020As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2014	all samples, EFSA FoodEx subgroup, LB2000–2013As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2014	all samples, EFSA FoodEx subgroup, UB2000–2013As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldLee et al. 2023	all samples2019As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldMaduabuchi et al. 2007	non-canned beverage2005As sold / fresh	sample value.
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 27.1 µg/kg (minimum); 57.1 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	min.
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	max.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 2Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 3Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 4Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 5Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 6Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 7Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 8Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 9Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 10Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 11Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 12Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 13Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 14Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 15Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 16Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 17Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldSah et al. 2013	sample 61 NPL, rubber toy, Nepal market2013As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldvan et al. 2021	South African producers, vintages 2001-20032000–2006As sold / fresh	min.
Grapes, as soldvan et al. 2021	South African producers, vintages 2001-20032000–2006As sold / fresh	max.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 1 (super shop, Mirpur-10), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 2 (super market, Dhanmondi), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 3 (Prince Bazar, Mirpur-1), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 4 (fruit market, Kawran Bazar), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 5 (Meena Bazar, Shyamoli), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	all samples2009–2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chile (imported sample)2009–2010Dry weight	sample value.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 80 µg/kg (minimum); 1,640 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 170 µg/kg (minimum); 710 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 130 µg/kg (minimum); 440 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldRahim et al. 2020	28 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa fruit marketsCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	all six sitesCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Delijan, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Khomein, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Khondab, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	not detected.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Mahallat, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Saveh, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Tafresh, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	not detected.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	AlexandriaCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	CairoCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	El-FayoumCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	GizaCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 15_962014–2015Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldNie et al. 2016	main producing areas of China2014Basis not stated	median.
Grapes, as soldNie et al. 2016	main producing areas of China2014Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldNie et al. 2016	main producing areas of China2014Basis not stated	other.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	boiled 15 min at 102 CCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	boiled 15 min at 102 CCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	microwave-cooked 10 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	microwave-cooked 10 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	raw (unprocessed), wild-harvested green seaweed, Gulf of MannarCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	steamed 15 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	steamed 15 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
5 findings · 1 study · 6 spread figures folded in
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	all samples2009–2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chile (imported sample)2009–2010Dry weight	sample value.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 40 µg/kg (minimum); 460 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 110 µg/kg (minimum); 150 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 50 µg/kg (minimum); 120 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	max.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, oilS-T et al. 2024	refinedCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.

23 findings · 5 studies
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2007–2009As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2000As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 2Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 3Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 4Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 5Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 6Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 7Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 8Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 9Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 10Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 11Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 12Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 13Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 14Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 15Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 16Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 17Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 15_962014–2015Basis not stated	sample value.
Grapes, as soldCentre for Food Safety (Hong Kong) 2013	all samples2010–2011Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldWang et al. 2020	all samples (both areas)2015–2016Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldWang et al. 2020	Other (non-Songhua) area2015–2016Basis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldWang et al. 2020	Songhua River basin area2015–2016Basis not stated	mean.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, flour or mealauthors 2025	all samples (native, undigested flour)2023–2024Dry weight	mean.

6 findings · 4 studies · 2 spread figures folded in
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2007–2009As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO1998–2010As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO1998–2002As sold / fresh	median.
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 4.9 µg/kg (minimum); 35.6 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	min.
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	max.
Grapes, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 15_962014–2015Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldCentre for Food Safety (Hong Kong) 2013	all samples2010–2011Basis not stated	not detected.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, driedWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO1998As sold / fresh	median.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, flour or mealauthors 2025	all samples (native, undigested flour)2023–2024Dry weight	mean.

3 findings · 3 studies
Grapes, as soldLee et al. 2023	all samples2019As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 15_962014–2015Basis not stated	not detected.
Grapes, as soldCentre for Food Safety (Hong Kong) 2013	all samples2010–2011Basis not stated	not detected.

1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2017–2020As sold / fresh	median.

30 findings · 8 studies
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 2Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 3Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 4Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 5Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 6Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 7Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 8Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 9Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 10Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 11Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 12Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 13Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 14Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 15Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 16Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 17Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldvan et al. 2021	South African producers, vintages 2001-20032000–2006As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 1 (super shop, Mirpur-10), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 2 (super market, Dhanmondi), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 3 (Prince Bazar, Mirpur-1), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 4 (fruit market, Kawran Bazar), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAfrin 2020	Retail shop 5 (Meena Bazar, Shyamoli), Dhaka2018Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldElbagermi et al. 2012	all samples2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRahim et al. 2020	28 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa fruit marketsCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	Montreal composite1986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.
Grapes, as soldSalhotra et al. 2017	all samples (market, Jagdalpur)2017Basis not stated	mean.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, oilS-T et al. 2024	refinedCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.

39 findings · 9 studies · 8 spread figures folded in
Grapes, as soldF-D et al. 2015	cv. Fetească albă, Turulung vineyard, NW Romania2013As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldF-D et al. 2015	cv. Fetească regală, Turulung vineyard, NW Romania2013As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldF-D et al. 2015	cv. Riesling italian, Turulung vineyard, NW Romania2013As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 706 µg/kg (minimum); 1,010 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	min.
Grapes, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Vegetables and fruits group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	max.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 2Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 3Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 4Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 5Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 6Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 7Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 8Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 9Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 10Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 11Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 12Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 13Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 14Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 15Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 16Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 17Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldvan et al. 2021	South African producers, vintages 2001-20032000–2006As sold / fresh	max.
Grapes, as soldElbagermi et al. 2012	all samples2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	all samples2009–2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chile (imported sample)2009–2010Dry weight	sample value.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 1,830 µg/kg (minimum); 11,600 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 2,890 µg/kg (minimum); 9,960 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 1,960 µg/kg (minimum); 10,800 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	all six sitesCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Delijan, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Khomein, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Khondab, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Mahallat, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Saveh, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Tafresh, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	AlexandriaCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	CairoCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	El-FayoumCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldAmer et al. 2019	GizaCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSalhotra et al. 2017	all samples (market, Jagdalpur)2017Basis not stated	mean.
5 findings · 1 study · 6 spread figures folded in
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	all samples2009–2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chile (imported sample)2009–2010Dry weight	sample value.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 1,410 µg/kg (minimum); 7,720 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 2,500 µg/kg (minimum); 3,710 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 1,270 µg/kg (minimum); 4,290 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	max.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, oilS-T et al. 2024	refinedCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.

25 findings · 4 studies
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 2Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 3Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 4Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 5Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 6Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 7Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 8Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 9Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 10Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 11Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 12Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 13Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 14Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 15Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 16Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 17Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldvan et al. 2021	South African producers, vintages 2001-20032000–2006As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	all six sitesCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Delijan, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Khomein, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Khondab, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Mahallat, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Saveh, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Tafresh, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldSalhotra et al. 2017	all samples (market, Jagdalpur)2017Basis not stated	mean.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, oilS-T et al. 2024	refinedCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.

29 findings · 4 studies · 6 spread figures folded in
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 2Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 3Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 4Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 5Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 6Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 7Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 8Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 9Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 10Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 11Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 12Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 13Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 14Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 15Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 16Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 17Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldvan et al. 2021	South African producers, vintages 2001-20032000–2006As sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	all samples2009–2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chile (imported sample)2009–2010Dry weight	sample value.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 2,510 µg/kg (minimum); 2,010,000 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 5,120 µg/kg (minimum); 29,700 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 9,710 µg/kg (minimum); 104,000 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, as soldLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	all six sitesCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Delijan, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Khomein, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Khondab, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Mahallat, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Saveh, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Tafresh, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
5 findings · 1 study · 6 spread figures folded in
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	all samples2009–2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chile (imported sample)2009–2010Dry weight	sample value.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 970 µg/kg (minimum); 31,000 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	Chinese market2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 1,700 µg/kg (minimum); 6,650 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	courtyard (home grown, no pesticide)2009–2010Dry weight	max.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 3,070 µg/kg (minimum); 36,100 µg/kg (maximum)
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	min.
Grapes, peeled or fleshLi et al. 2018	e-waste dismantling area2009–2010Dry weight	max.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, oilS-T et al. 2024	refinedCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.

35 findings · 7 studies
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with 5% acetic acid vinegar2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with 10% acetic acid vinegar2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with 5% acetic acid vinegar2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with 10% acetic acid vinegar2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldF-D et al. 2015	cv. Fetească albă, Turulung vineyard, NW Romania2013As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldF-D et al. 2015	cv. Fetească regală, Turulung vineyard, NW Romania2013As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 2Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 3Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 4Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 5Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 6Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 7Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 8Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 9Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 10Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 11Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 12Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 13Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 14Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 15Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 16Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 17Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldvan et al. 2021	South African producers, vintages 2001-20032000–2006As sold / fresh	min.
Grapes, as soldvan et al. 2021	South African producers, vintages 2001-20032000–2006As sold / fresh	max.
Grapes, as soldElbagermi et al. 2012	all samples2010Dry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	all six sitesCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Delijan, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Khomein, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Khondab, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Mahallat, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Saveh, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldRezaei et al. 2020	Tafresh, MarkaziCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Grapes, as soldSalhotra et al. 2017	all samples (market, Jagdalpur)2017Basis not stated	mean.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, oilS-T et al. 2024	refinedCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.

1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, as soldCentre for Food Safety (Hong Kong) 2013	all samples2010–2011Basis not stated	mean.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, oilS-T et al. 2024	refinedCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.

7 findings · 1 study
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	boiled 15 min at 102 CCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	boiled 15 min at 102 CCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	microwave-cooked 10 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	microwave-cooked 10 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	raw (unprocessed), wild-harvested green seaweed, Gulf of MannarCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	steamed 15 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	steamed 15 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.

1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, flour or mealauthors 2025	all samples (native, undigested flour)2023–2024Dry weight	mean.

6 findings · 1 study
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with 5% acetic acid vinegar2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with 10% acetic acid vinegar2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with 5% acetic acid vinegar2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with 10% acetic acid vinegar2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	mean.

16 findings · 1 study
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 2Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 3Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 4Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 5Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 6Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 7Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 8Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 9Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 10Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 11Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 12Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 13Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 14Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 15Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	not detected.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 16Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 17Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.

2 findings · 2 studies
Grapes, as soldLee et al. 2023	all samples2019As sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 15_962014–2015Basis not stated	sample value.
1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, oilS-T et al. 2024	refinedCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.

7 findings · 1 study
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	boiled 15 min at 102 CCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	boiled 15 min at 102 CCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	microwave-cooked 10 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	microwave-cooked 10 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	raw (unprocessed), wild-harvested green seaweed, Gulf of MannarCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	steamed 15 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Grapes, as soldSundhar et al. 2023	steamed 15 minCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.

1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, as soldSah et al. 2013	sample 61 NPL, rubber toy, Nepal market2013As sold / fresh	not detected.

16 findings · 1 study
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 2Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 3Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 4Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 5Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 6Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 7Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 8Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 9Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 10Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 11Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 12Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 13Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 14Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 15Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 16Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Grapes, as soldOzbek et al. 2016	Grape 17Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.

1 finding · 1 study
Grapes, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 15_962014–2015Basis not stated	not detected.

Shared dataset methods and interpretation

Source summaries retain their original statistic, material, basis and censoring. Each source drawer identifies methods and overlapping samples. No matched reference or pooled distribution is inferred.

HMI grapes Pb reference · Grapes, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Pb reference · Grapes, as sold. Grapes, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤4	≤4	60
Alternative weighting	≤4	≤4	60

109 reference units; 4 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	79	25%
FDA Total Diet Study	27	25%
Sembratowicz et al. 2010	2	25%
Spungen et al. 2024	1	25%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

4 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-724a9c12857e:1ae5a4208d27

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Pb reference · Grapes, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Pb reference · Grapes, as sold, dry weight. Grapes, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	250	270	290
Alternative weighting	250	270	290

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, as sold on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-ee5f1158dd6e:3236d13c8264

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Pb reference · Grapes, as sold, basis not stated

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Pb reference · Grapes, as sold, basis not stated. Grapes, as sold; Basis not stated by the source, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤10	35–40 (bounded)	70
Alternative weighting	≤10	35–40 (bounded)	70

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a basis not stated by the source basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, as sold on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-f60daf793797:f2ecb8f357e8

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Pb reference · Grapes, dried

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Pb reference · Grapes, dried. Grapes, dried; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤3.33	15	34.5
Alternative weighting	≤3.33	15	34.5

6 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	6	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, dried on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, dried on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-907989258801:95c608a1a698

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Pb reference · Grapes, juice

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Pb reference · Grapes, juice. Grapes, juice; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤1	0.7–1.2 (bounded)	8.5
Alternative weighting	≤1	0.7–1.2 (bounded)	8.5

4 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	4	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, juice on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, juice on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-b1324b48db2d:cccd896e2565

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Cd reference · Grapes, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Cd reference · Grapes, as sold. Grapes, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤1	≤1	111–210 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	≤1	≤1	111–210 (bounded)

96 reference units; 4 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	66	25%
FDA Total Diet Study	27	25%
Sembratowicz et al. 2010	2	25%
Spungen et al. 2024	1	25%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

4 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-8186cdd32949:fa2979a38eca

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Cd reference · Grapes, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Cd reference · Grapes, as sold, dry weight. Grapes, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤10	≤10	≤10
Alternative weighting	≤10	≤10	≤10

4 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	4	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, as sold on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-0af0dfd06fb8:5ab4307a62a2

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Cd reference · Grapes, dried

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Cd reference · Grapes, dried. Grapes, dried; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤0.3	≤5	5
Alternative weighting	≤0.3	≤5	5

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, dried on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, dried on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-df591df6cb52:1ac358bcb936

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Cd reference · Grapes, juice

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Cd reference · Grapes, juice. Grapes, juice; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤2	≤3.5	≤5
Alternative weighting	≤2	≤3.5	≤5

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, juice on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, juice on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-57a6088397a4:9c5d4f226f45

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes tAs reference · Grapes, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI grapes tAs reference · Grapes, as sold. Grapes, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤3	≤4	4.1–8 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	≤3	≤4	4–7.4 (bounded)

69 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	42	50%
FDA Total Diet Study	27	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-0779ff20cc48:8665023b1ec3

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes tAs reference · Grapes, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI grapes tAs reference · Grapes, as sold, dry weight. Grapes, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	210	210	210
Alternative weighting	210	210	210

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Li et al. 2018	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Li et al. 2018 is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, as sold on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Li et al. 2018

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-bd595853bc16:e40917804200

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes tAs reference · Grapes, peeled or flesh, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI grapes tAs reference · Grapes, peeled or flesh, dry weight. Grapes, peeled or flesh; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	300	300	300
Alternative weighting	300	300	300

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Li et al. 2018	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, peeled or flesh on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Li et al. 2018 is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, peeled or flesh on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Li et al. 2018

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-07c75bfb6af8:9fbb05bbf2ac

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes tAs reference · Grapes, dried

Reference and scope

HMI grapes tAs reference · Grapes, dried. Grapes, dried; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤19.1	≤32	18–40 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	≤19.1	≤32	18–40 (bounded)

11 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	11	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, dried on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, dried on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-7a7117ebc9b0:a2723468924d

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes iAs reference · Grapes, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI grapes iAs reference · Grapes, as sold. Grapes, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤15	≤20	≤20
Alternative weighting	≤15	≤20	≤20

5 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	5	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, as sold on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-b777ffe9e4ad:4b22391116da

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes iAs reference · Grapes, dried

Reference and scope

HMI grapes iAs reference · Grapes, dried. Grapes, dried; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤14.6	≤20	14.6–20 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	≤14.6	≤20	14.6–20 (bounded)

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, dried on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, dried on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-f3ca7584c12e:3d0cc053d51f

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes tHg reference · Grapes, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI grapes tHg reference · Grapes, as sold. Grapes, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤0.475	≤1	0.18–1 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	≤0.255	≤1	0.18–1 (bounded)

58 reference units; 3 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	29	33%
FDA Total Diet Study	27	33%
Dabeka et al. 2003	2	33%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

3 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-e86c955b059d:75daabc4199c

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes tHg reference · Grapes, dried

Reference and scope

HMI grapes tHg reference · Grapes, dried. Grapes, dried; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤0.03	≤5	10
Alternative weighting	≤0.03	≤5	10

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, dried on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, dried on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-ce4b0c723f5f:c85720ea2dec

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Ni reference · Grapes, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Ni reference · Grapes, as sold. Grapes, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤40	≤40	≤40
Alternative weighting	≤40	≤40	≤40

27 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	27	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, as sold on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-db37dce06731:60766275f194

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Ni reference · Grapes, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Ni reference · Grapes, as sold, dry weight. Grapes, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	50	50	50
Alternative weighting	50	50	50

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Li et al. 2018	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Li et al. 2018 is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, as sold on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Li et al. 2018

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-263406de60ef:1edd31f9318a

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Cr reference · Grapes, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Cr reference · Grapes, as sold. Grapes, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤50	≤50	≤50
Alternative weighting	≤50	≤50	≤50

27 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	27	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, as sold on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-2d2dd003b98e:1ce7cb354a1e

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Cr reference · Grapes, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Cr reference · Grapes, as sold, dry weight. Grapes, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	390	390	390
Alternative weighting	390	390	390

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Li et al. 2018	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Li et al. 2018 is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, as sold on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Li et al. 2018

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-faf52490cea6:a9cfab06348c

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Cr reference · Grapes, peeled or flesh, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Cr reference · Grapes, peeled or flesh, dry weight. Grapes, peeled or flesh; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	100	100	100
Alternative weighting	100	100	100

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Li et al. 2018	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, peeled or flesh on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Li et al. 2018 is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, peeled or flesh on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Li et al. 2018

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-850d724969c6:34a5a80176f4

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Al reference · Grapes, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Al reference · Grapes, as sold. Grapes, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	1160	1340	1890
Alternative weighting	1160	1340	1890

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, as sold on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-9760587ceea3:ab979568d98b

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Sn reference · Grapes, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Sn reference · Grapes, as sold. Grapes, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤7.41	7.41–7.44 (bounded)	7.44–10 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	≤7.41	7.41–7.44 (bounded)	7.44–10 (bounded)

5 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	5	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, as sold on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-6b10dbeda4b2:77d85b09fcdf

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Sn reference · Grapes, dried

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Sn reference · Grapes, dried. Grapes, dried; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	20	20	20
Alternative weighting	20	20	20

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, dried on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, dried on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-6aae9c6e2916:90748f2b78b1

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes U reference · Grapes, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI grapes U reference · Grapes, as sold. Grapes, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤1	≤1	≤1
Alternative weighting	≤1	≤1	≤1

27 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	27	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, as sold on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-03f6d31f24d9:27e4f2f58979

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Cu reference · Grapes, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Cu reference · Grapes, as sold, dry weight. Grapes, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	20100	20100	20100
Alternative weighting	20100	20100	20100

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Li et al. 2018	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Li et al. 2018 is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, as sold on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Li et al. 2018

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-ab113dcc5599:8f40b25c7102

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Cu reference · Grapes, peeled or flesh, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Cu reference · Grapes, peeled or flesh, dry weight. Grapes, peeled or flesh; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	7740	7740	7740
Alternative weighting	7740	7740	7740

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Li et al. 2018	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, peeled or flesh on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Li et al. 2018 is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, peeled or flesh on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Li et al. 2018

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-bda39227d0f2:23a605168db8

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Mn reference · Grapes, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Mn reference · Grapes, as sold, dry weight. Grapes, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	10400	10400	10400
Alternative weighting	10400	10400	10400

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Li et al. 2018	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Li et al. 2018 is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, as sold on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Li et al. 2018

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-76e05bef7ce6:ae4c777daa29

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI grapes Mn reference · Grapes, peeled or flesh, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI grapes Mn reference · Grapes, peeled or flesh, dry weight. Grapes, peeled or flesh; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	2650	2650	2650
Alternative weighting	2650	2650	2650

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Li et al. 2018	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for grapes, peeled or flesh on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Li et al. 2018 is the only compatible sampling family for grapes, peeled or flesh on this basis in the completed grapes ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Li et al. 2018

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:grapes-47a4943676d8:a157a7dc0dbb

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

How metals reach grapes

The evidence on how metals reach grapes comes from studies that compared exposed and ordinary settings. Grapes, as sold from processed product, Poland retail/official control had lead higher at 70 µg/kg, against 5 µg/kg for fresh product, Poland retail/official control in the same study.^{7Rusin M, Domagalska J, Rogala D, Razzaghi M, Szymala I · 2021Concentration of cadmium and lead in vegetables and fruitsScientific ReportsRead source →} In another study, grapes, as sold from microwave-cooked 10 min had nickel higher at 4,430 µg/kg, against 361 µg/kg for boiled 15 min at 102 C in the same study.^{13Sundhar S, Shakila RJ, Shalini R, Aanand S, Jayakumar N · 2023Effect of thermal processing on toxic heavy metals in edible seaweeds of Gulf of Mannar and their health risk assessmentRegional Studies in Marine ScienceRead source →}

These are observational comparisons from single studies; the size of the difference depends on the site, metal and distance.

Which forms and regions measured lower

The HMI reference for lead in grapes, as sold pools 109 subgroup units from 4 sampling families, with a median of below 4 µg/kg and a middle half spanning below 4 (lower quartile) and 60 µg/kg (upper quartile).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{9Sembratowicz I, Rusinek E, Ognik K · 2010Contents of Nitrates (III) and (V), Lead and Cadmium in Select Domestic FruitsPolish Journal of Environmental StudiesRead source →}^{16Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →} For lead in grapes, dried, the reference median was 15 µg/kg, with a middle half from below 3.33 to 34.5 µg/kg across 6 units.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} For lead in grapes, juice, the reference median was between 0.7 and 1.2 µg/kg, with a middle half from below 1 to 8.5 µg/kg across 4 units.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

Among GEMS/Food reporting regions, grapes, as sold had the lowest lead subgroup median in PAHO (4.85 µg/kg) and the highest in EURO (275 µg/kg); reporting regions are markets, not growing areas.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} For cadmium, the lowest regional median was in EURO (8.5 µg/kg) and the highest in EMRO (11 µg/kg).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

Targeted grapes, as sold samples in EURO had aluminium lower at 796 µg/kg, against 1,300 µg/kg for EURO in the same study.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

In one study, lead across 5 groups of grapes ranged from 30 µg/kg (Retail shop 3 (Prince Bazar, Mirpur-1), Dhaka) to 160 µg/kg (Retail shop 5 (Meena Bazar, Shyamoli), Dhaka); the lowest is the lowest observed in that study, not an established sourcing preference.^{12Afrin S · 2020Determination and Risk Analysis of Heavy Metals in Different Fruits Collected from Different Shops of Dhaka CityM.S. Thesis, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, DhakaRead source →} In another study, lead across 4 groups of grapes ranged from 14.4 µg/kg (amateur farmers; washed with 10% acetic acid vinegar) to 24.4 µg/kg (vegetable and fruit market; washed with 5% acetic acid vinegar); the lowest is the lowest observed in that study, not an established sourcing preference.^{3Bora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, Bunea CI · 2022Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaHorticulturaeRead source →}

Processing, cooking and preparation

Processed or prepared forms were compared only with unprocessed grapes in the same study and group. Grapes, peeled or flesh (all samples) had lead higher at 370 µg/kg, against 240 µg/kg for the unprocessed form in the same group (grapes, as sold).^{17Li X, Dong S, Su X · 2018Copper and other heavy metals in grapes: a pilot study tracing influential factors and evaluating potential risks in ChinaScientific Reports (2018) 8:17407Read source →}

Forms differ in water content, so a per-kilogram difference is not by itself a measured removal or gain of metal.

Mitigation for grapes

Lot testing against the applicable limit is the check that can be verified.

No measured way to lower metals in this food is in the library yet.

Trade-offs and limits of controls

Avoiding exposed growing areas lowered the metal measured in the studies available, but no study measured the cost or supply effect of doing so.^{7Rusin M, Domagalska J, Rogala D, Razzaghi M, Szymala I · 2021Concentration of cadmium and lead in vegetables and fruitsScientific ReportsRead source →} Metals do not move together, so a lot that passes a lead limit says little about cadmium, arsenic or nickel unless those are tested as well.

Testing grapes for metals

Results depend on the method and its reporting limit. Reporting limits for lead ranged from 0.7 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food) to 3,000 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} Reporting limits for cadmium ranged from 0.1 µg/kg (Nie et al. 2016) to 1,000 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{18Nie JY, Kuang LX, Li ZX, Xu WH, Wang C, Chen QS, Li A, Zhao XB, Xie HZ, Zhao DY, Wu YL, Cheng Y · 2016Assessing the concentration and potential health risk of heavy metals in China’s main deciduous fruitsJournal of Integrative Agriculture 2016, 15(7): 1645-1655Read source →} Reporting limits for total arsenic ranged from 1.7 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food) to 500 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

A useful lot result names the form, the basis and a quantification limit well below the limit that applies.

Buying and verifying grapes

No maximum level for metals in grapes was verified from primary text for this page; buyers should confirm the limit that applies in the destination market.

Exposure from grapes

No source in the library converted grapes concentrations into a verified estimate of intake for a defined population. Concentrations describe the food, not individual risk.

Evidence review and remaining gaps

Every source record that names grapes was decided on its content: 38 occurrence extracted, 38 records in all. The occurrence table renders every extracted result; held values remain visible with their reason.

References identify the sources used in these answers. The Sources index preserves additional discovery links; inclusion there does not mean a source has been reviewed for this assessment. Corrections, completed searches, new direct evidence and changes in requirements should reopen the relevant answer.

Grapes FAQs

What heavy metals are found in grapes?

The library reports lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylarsonic acid, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, tin, antimony, uranium, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V, Se, Ag, As, B, Ba, Be, Hg, Mg and Tl in grapes, most often lead, cadmium and total arsenic.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Bora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, Bunea CI · 2022Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaHorticulturaeRead source →}^{4Guerra F, Trevizam AR, Muraoka T, Marcante NC, Canniatti-Brazaca SG · 2012Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human healthScientia Agricola 69(1):54-60Read source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in grapes, as sold from 2,586 results in 4 reporting regions, with subgroup medians from 4.85 to 275 µg/kg.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

How do heavy metals get into grapes?

In the studies available, grapes from contaminated or exposed settings carried more metal than grapes from the same study’s control.^{7Rusin M, Domagalska J, Rogala D, Razzaghi M, Szymala I · 2021Concentration of cadmium and lead in vegetables and fruitsScientific ReportsRead source →} Grapes, as sold from processed product, Poland retail/official control had lead higher at 70 µg/kg, against 5 µg/kg for fresh product, Poland retail/official control in the same study.^{7Rusin M, Domagalska J, Rogala D, Razzaghi M, Szymala I · 2021Concentration of cadmium and lead in vegetables and fruitsScientific ReportsRead source →}

Which regions report the lowest levels in grapes?

Among GEMS/Food reporting regions, grapes, as sold had the lowest lead subgroup median in PAHO (4.85 µg/kg) and the highest in EURO (275 µg/kg); reporting regions are markets, not growing areas.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} For cadmium, the lowest regional median was in EURO (8.5 µg/kg) and the highest in EMRO (11 µg/kg).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

Does processing change heavy metals in grapes?

Only comparisons between forms in the same study are available, not before-and-after measurements of the same grapes.^{17Li X, Dong S, Su X · 2018Copper and other heavy metals in grapes: a pilot study tracing influential factors and evaluating potential risks in ChinaScientific Reports (2018) 8:17407Read source →} Grapes, peeled or flesh (all samples) had lead higher at 370 µg/kg, against 240 µg/kg for the unprocessed form in the same group (grapes, as sold).^{17Li X, Dong S, Su X · 2018Copper and other heavy metals in grapes: a pilot study tracing influential factors and evaluating potential risks in ChinaScientific Reports (2018) 8:17407Read source →}

How much of the arsenic in grapes is inorganic?

Inorganic arsenic, the more toxic form, was measured in 22 results from 5 sources, far fewer than total arsenic.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{19Marín S, Pardo O, Sánchez A, Sanchis Y, Vélez D, Devesa V, Font G, Yusà V · 2018Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain)Toxicology Reports 5 (2018) 654-670Read source →}^{20Baxter M, Brereton N · 2015Total Diet Study of metals and other elements in foodFood and Environment Research Agency report for the UK Food Standards Agency, Fera report 15/06, project FS102081Read source →}^{21Centre for Food Safety FEHD HKSAR · 2012The First Hong Kong Total Diet Study: Inorganic ArsenicCentre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionRead source →}^{22U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2016Analytical Results from Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Cereals for Infants, Non-Rice Infant Cereal and Other Foods Commonly Eaten by Infants and ToddlersU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationRead source →} Across 2 other studies of ordinary farms and markets, reported inorganic arsenic means and medians with the basis not stated ranged from 3 µg/kg (Centre for Food Safety FEHD HKSAR 2012) to 4.5 µg/kg (U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2016).^{21Centre for Food Safety FEHD HKSAR · 2012The First Hong Kong Total Diet Study: Inorganic ArsenicCentre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionRead source →}^{22U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2016Analytical Results from Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Cereals for Infants, Non-Rice Infant Cereal and Other Foods Commonly Eaten by Infants and ToddlersU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationRead source →}

References

Works cited on this page, in citation-number order. See Sources for this page’s source inventory. Each title links to a source record with bibliographic details, reported findings, and document provenance.

GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsWorld Health Organization · GEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme · 2026 · extranet.who.intDataset
FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsU.S. Food and Drug Administration · FDA Total Diet Study · 2022 · www.fda.govDataset
Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaBora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, et al. · Horticulturae · 2022 · doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111034Peer-reviewed
Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human healthGuerra F, Trevizam AR, Muraoka T, Marcante NC, and Canniatti-Brazaca SG · Scientia Agricola 69(1):54-60 · 2012 · doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162012000100008Peer-reviewed
Occurrence and health risk assessment of antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead in fresh fruits consumed in South KoreaLee J, Hwang I, Park YS, and Lee DY · Applied Biological Chemistry · 2023 · doi.org/10.1186/s13765-023-00799-xPeer-reviewed
The content of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and tin in fruit and their products based on monitoring studies – exposure assessmentMania M, Rebeniak M, Chabros E, Orshulyak O, and Postupolski J · Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene) · 2021 · doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2021.0188Peer-reviewed
Concentration of cadmium and lead in vegetables and fruitsRusin M, Domagalska J, Rogala D, Razzaghi M, and Szymala I · Scientific Reports · 2021 · doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91554-zPeer-reviewed
Determination, distribution, and health risk assessment of 12 heavy metals in various edible oils in TaiwanLin S-T, Liao K-W, Xuan T-C, Chiou T-Y, Lin Z-E, and Lee W-J · JSFA Reports · 2024 · doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.186Peer-reviewed
Contents of Nitrates (III) and (V), Lead and Cadmium in Select Domestic FruitsSembratowicz I, Rusinek E, and Ognik K · Polish Journal of Environmental Studies · 2010Peer-reviewed
Analysis of Toxic Heavy Metal Content of the Most Widely Consumed FruitsRahim M, Saqib NU, Wahid F, Khan N, and Alrawi LI · Journal of Physical Science · 2020 · doi.org/10.21315/jps2020.31.2.5Peer-reviewed
Metal Concentrations in Grape Spiritsvan Wyk TN, van Jaarsveld F, and Caleb OJ · South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture 42(1): 36-43 · 2021 · doi.org/10.21548/42-1-4238Peer-reviewed
Determination and Risk Analysis of Heavy Metals in Different Fruits Collected from Different Shops of Dhaka CityAfrin S · M.S. Thesis, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka · 2020Peer-reviewed
Effect of thermal processing on toxic heavy metals in edible seaweeds of Gulf of Mannar and their health risk assessmentSundhar S, Shakila RJ, Shalini R, Aanand S, and Jayakumar N · Regional Studies in Marine Science · 2023 · doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2023.102827Peer-reviewed
Essential elements in the different type of fruits, soil and water samples collected from Markazi province, Iran: a health risk assessment studyMohammad Rezaei, Yousef Fakhri, Maryam Abtahi, Majid Keramati, Gholamreza Ghasemi, Mohammad H. Moradi, et al. · Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods · 2020 · doi.org/10.15586/qas.v12i3.777Peer-reviewed
Determination of heavy metals contamination in some vegetables and fruits samples from the market of Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh StateSalhotra P and Verma R · IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry · 2017 · doi.org/10.9790/5736-100502110113Peer-reviewed
Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Spungen JH and et al. · Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A · 2024 · doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2024.2396910Peer-reviewed
Copper and other heavy metals in grapes: a pilot study tracing influential factors and evaluating potential risks in ChinaLi X, Dong S, and Su X · Scientific Reports (2018) 8:17407 · 2018 · doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34767-zPeer-reviewed
Assessing the concentration and potential health risk of heavy metals in China’s main deciduous fruitsNie JY, Kuang LX, Li ZX, Xu WH, Wang C, Chen QS, et al. · Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016, 15(7): 1645-1655 · 2016 · doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61342-4Peer-reviewed
Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain)Marín S, Pardo O, Sánchez A, Sanchis Y, Vélez D, Devesa V, et al. · Toxicology Reports 5 (2018) 654-670 · 2018 · doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.05.005Peer-reviewed
Total Diet Study of metals and other elements in foodBaxter M and Brereton N · Food and Environment Research Agency report for the UK Food Standards Agency, Fera report 15/06, project FS102081 · 2015 · www.food.gov.ukGovernment
The First Hong Kong Total Diet Study: Inorganic ArsenicCentre for Food Safety FEHD HKSAR · Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region · 2012 · www.cfs.gov.hkGovernment
Analytical Results from Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Cereals for Infants, Non-Rice Infant Cereal and Other Foods Commonly Eaten by Infants and ToddlersU.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2016 · www.fda.govDataset

Sources

Browse Grapes Sources for sources cited on this page and additional discovery candidates. The searchable index distinguishes verified citation use from discovery relationships whose relevance has not been established.

Update history

22 October 2026: Rebuilt from every grapes record in the library: 38 occurrence sources, references by form and basis, same-study contrasts.

Referenced by

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Heavy metals in Grapes

Grapes overview

What counts as grapes

Heavy metal contamination profile of grapes

How metals reach grapes

Which forms and regions measured lower

Processing, cooking and preparation

Mitigation for grapes

Trade-offs and limits of controls

Testing grapes for metals

Buying and verifying grapes

Exposure from grapes

Evidence review and remaining gaps

Grapes FAQs

References

Sources

Update history

Related ingredients

Referenced by

Graph View