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Determination of heavy metals contamination in some vegetables and fruits samples from the market of Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh State

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Overview

Salhotra and Verma measured heavy metals in vegetables and fruits from Jagdalpur market in Chhattisgarh, India. The source is routeable to spinach because Table 1 reports edible-part spinach concentrations for Cu, Cd, Fe, Co, and Pb. The paper is a small market survey and should be treated as India/Jagdalpur context.

Key numbers

All Table 1 and Table 2 values are reported on a dry-weight (dw) basis: samples were oven-dried to constant weight before grinding, digestion, and AAS analysis.

  • Spinach (Table 1): Cu 0.32, Cd 0.27, Fe 16.83, Co 5.32, Pb 0.26 mg/kg dw.
  • Tomato (Table 1): Cu 0.511, Cd 0.77, Fe 8.427, Co 2.245, Pb 0.2 mg/kg dw.
  • Green pepper (Table 1): Cu 0.47, Cd 0.94, Fe 0.042, Co 2.97, Pb 0.19 mg/kg dw.
  • Lady finger (Table 1): Cu 0.14, Cd 0.02, Fe 11.4, Co 1.49, Pb 0.32 mg/kg dw.
  • Cauliflower (Table 1): Cu 0.6, Cd 0.2, Fe 9.65, Co 5.75, Pb 0.92 mg/kg dw.
  • Water melon (Table 2): Pb 0.51, Fe 0.03, Zn 5.11, Cu 1.19, Co 0.141, Cd 0.510 mg/kg dw.
  • Grapes (Table 2): Pb 0.4, Fe 0.05, Zn 1.33, Cu 2.03, Co 0.521, Cd 0.631 mg/kg dw.
  • Apple (Table 2): Pb 0.2, Fe 0.06, Zn 2.34, Cu 1.5, Co 0.43, Cd 1 mg/kg dw.
  • Mango (Table 2): Pb 1.824, Fe 0.362, Zn 0.635, Cu 3.186, Co 0.56, Cd 5.143 mg/kg dw.

The paper reports that samples were collected from transport vehicles shifting vegetables and fruits from villages near Jagdalpur (bakawand, pushpal, adawal, lohandiguda) to the local Jagdalpur market during March 2017.

Methods (brief)

Sampling: edible portions of vegetables (spinach, tomato, lady finger, cauliflower, green pepper) and fruits (water melon, grapes, apple, mango) collected from transport vehicles delivering to the Jagdalpur market in March 2017. Sample preparation: washed under tap and double-distilled water, surface-blotted, oven-dried to constant weight, ground, and sieved through 2 mm. Digestion: 0.5 g of dried sample digested in a microwave Digester 3000 SOLV at 1400 W for 3 hours using H2SO4 (65%):HClO4 (65%):HNO3 (70%) at 1:1:5; the digest was filtered through Whatman paper and brought to 50 mL with double-distilled water. Analysis: AAS on a Thermo Scientific AA 303 double-beam instrument with deuterium-background hollow-cathode lamps for Fe, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu. Samples were run in triplicate. The paper does not report Co lamp use despite reporting Co values, and does not report LODs, recoveries, or certified reference materials.

Implications

Contributes occurrence data for spinach, tomato, cauliflower, lady finger, and green pepper (dw) and for water melon, grapes, apple, and mango (dw) from a single March 2017 market-basket survey in Jagdalpur, Bastar district, Chhattisgarh, India. Small sample (single composite per commodity, run in triplicate); India/Jagdalpur context only.

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