Heavy metals in Vegetable juice

Quick read

Vegetable juice in the HMI library has 108 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, tin, uranium and Co from 16 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Grochowska-Niedworok E, Nieć J, Baranowska R · 2020Assessment of cadmium and lead content in tomatoes and tomato productsRoczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene)Read source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{5U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2018Analytical Results for Lead in Juice Sampled Under the FDA’s Toxic Elements in Food and Foodware, and Radionuclides in Food – Import and Domestic Compliance Program (FY2005-FY2018)FDA analytical results tableRead source →}^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →}

Metals measured:
Lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid and total mercury and others, in 108 results from 16 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Grochowska-Niedworok E, Nieć J, Baranowska R · 2020Assessment of cadmium and lead content in tomatoes and tomato productsRoczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene)Read source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}
Main drivers:
Form, basis and where the vegetable juice was sampled; reporting limits decide how many results are non-detects.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Grochowska-Niedworok E, Nieć J, Baranowska R · 2020Assessment of cadmium and lead content in tomatoes and tomato productsRoczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene)Read source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}
Practical framing:
Ask for lot results with a quantification limit well below the limit that applies in the destination market.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Grochowska-Niedworok E, Nieć J, Baranowska R · 2020Assessment of cadmium and lead content in tomatoes and tomato productsRoczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene)Read source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}

Vegetable juice overview

Vegetable juice in the HMI library has 108 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, tin, uranium and Co from 16 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Grochowska-Niedworok E, Nieć J, Baranowska R · 2020Assessment of cadmium and lead content in tomatoes and tomato productsRoczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene)Read source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{5U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2018Analytical Results for Lead in Juice Sampled Under the FDA’s Toxic Elements in Food and Foodware, and Radionuclides in Food – Import and Domestic Compliance Program (FY2005-FY2018)FDA analytical results tableRead source →}^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in vegetable juice, juice from 869 results in 4 reporting regions, with subgroup medians from 1.15 to 6.6 µg/kg.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} In the US Total Diet Study, vegetable juice, juice had a median lead result below 1 µg/kg across 3 composites from 2018–2020.^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}

Across 2 other studies of ordinary farms and markets, reported lead means and medians with the basis not stated ranged from 0 µg/kg (EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2010) to 44.4 µg/kg (Dabeka et al. 1995).^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →}^{7EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) · 2010Scientific Opinion on Lead in FoodEFSA Journal 2010;8(4):1570Read source →} For cadmium, 3 studies on an as-sold or fresh-weight basis reported means and medians from 8.1 µg/kg (EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2009) to 18 µg/kg (Grochowska-Niedworok et al. 2020).^{3Grochowska-Niedworok E, Nieć J, Baranowska R · 2020Assessment of cadmium and lead content in tomatoes and tomato productsRoczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene)Read source →}^{8EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) · 2009Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain on a request from the European Commission on cadmium in foodThe EFSA JournalRead source →}

For a buyer the practical points are the form bought, the basis a result is reported on, where the vegetable juice came from and the laboratory’s reporting limit. Testing finds contamination but does not remove it.

What counts as vegetable juice

This page covers vegetable juice, juice (108 results).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Grochowska-Niedworok E, Nieć J, Baranowska R · 2020Assessment of cadmium and lead content in tomatoes and tomato productsRoczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene)Read source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{5U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2018Analytical Results for Lead in Juice Sampled Under the FDA’s Toxic Elements in Food and Foodware, and Radionuclides in Food – Import and Domestic Compliance Program (FY2005-FY2018)FDA analytical results tableRead source →}^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →}

Results stay on the basis each source reports: as sold or fresh weight, dry weight, or unstated. Dry-weight, as-sold and unstated results are never pooled, and no moisture conversion is applied.

Heavy metal contamination profile of vegetable juice

The table holds every extracted vegetable juice result: one row for each statistic a source reports for a form, group and metal, 108 rows in all, grouped by metal and form; percentiles, ranges and maxima for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Grochowska-Niedworok E, Nieć J, Baranowska R · 2020Assessment of cadmium and lead content in tomatoes and tomato productsRoczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene)Read source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{5U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2018Analytical Results for Lead in Juice Sampled Under the FDA’s Toxic Elements in Food and Foodware, and Radionuclides in Food – Import and Domestic Compliance Program (FY2005-FY2018)FDA analytical results tableRead source →}^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →} Monitoring medians are HMI calculations from individual submissions; non-detects remain intervals between zero and the reporting limit and are never read as zero.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

18 rows can be rated against an HMI reference for the same form and basis, 6 rows have a direct same-study comparison, and the rest stay unrated with the reason recorded.

Comparison methods and scope

Each row is one statistic a source reports for one form of vegetable juice, group and metal; percentiles, ranges and maxima reported for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row. Different forms and preparation states are kept apart, and dry-weight results never share a reference with as-sold or fresh-weight results. Ratings place a result against an HMI reference built from monitoring results and ordinary-setting medians for the same form and basis. Same-study contrasts compare a contaminated or treated site with its control, targeted with random sampling, a prepared form with the unprocessed one, or one group of a study with the median of its other groups. Held rows failed a check against their own source and are shown but not compared.

Filter findings

AnalyteCollection regionCollection periodSourceCompare withComparable findings only

89 of 89 findings · 12 analytes

About this table

Food formCollection scopeFindingComparisonEvidence

Vegetable juice findings from monitoring programmes, total diet studies and every extracted field, market and contaminated-site study, in µg/kg with each source’s form, basis, statistic and censoring retained.
Food form	Collection scope	Finding (µg/kg)

30 findings · 7 studies · 6 spread figures folded in
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2004–2019	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2005–2017	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2019	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2016	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2013–2015	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2014–2016	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2014	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2000–2017	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	SEARO2014	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	SEARO2014	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2007–2008	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2010	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2010	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceGrochowska-Niedworok et al. 2020	glass container, PolandCollection date unreported	not detected.
Vegetable juice, juiceSpungen et al. 2024	all samples2018–2020	mean.
Vegetable juice, juiceU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2018	FY20162005–2018	sample value.
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	mean.Same samples: 3.7 µg/kg (minimum); 93.9 µg/kg (maximum)
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	min.
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	max.
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 1995	Halifax 19861986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 1995	Montreal 19881986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 1995	Ottawa 1985 (preliminary study)1986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 1995	Toronto 19881986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 1995	Vancouver 19871986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 1995	Winnipeg 19871986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2010	Juices, soft drinks and bottled water (aggregate EFSA category),2000–2009Basis not stated	max.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2010	Juices, soft drinks and bottled water (aggregate EFSA category),2000–2009Basis not stated	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2010	Juices, soft drinks and bottled water (aggregate EFSA category),2000–2009Basis not stated	mean.Same samples: 0 µg/kg (percentile); 21 µg/kg (percentile)
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2010	Juices, soft drinks and bottled water (aggregate EFSA category),2000–2009Basis not stated	percentile.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2010	Juices, soft drinks and bottled water (aggregate EFSA category),2000–2009Basis not stated	percentile.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2010	Juices, soft drinks and bottled water (aggregate EFSA category),2000–2009Basis not stated	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2010	Juices, soft drinks and bottled water (aggregate EFSA category),2000–2009Basis not stated	mean.Same samples: 3.2 µg/kg (percentile); 21.8 µg/kg (percentile)
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2010	Juices, soft drinks and bottled water (aggregate EFSA category),2000–2009Basis not stated	percentile.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2010	Juices, soft drinks and bottled water (aggregate EFSA category),2000–2009Basis not stated	percentile.

21 findings · 8 studies · 5 spread figures folded in
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EMRO2019	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2004–2019	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2006	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2017	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2019	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2019	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2017	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2014	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO1999–2018	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2010	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2009	all samples (EU Member States and others, 2003-2007)2003–2007	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2009	all samples (EU Member States and others, 2003-2007)2003–2007	mean.Same samples: 31 µg/kg (maximum); 0.5 µg/kg (percentile); 17 µg/kg (percentile)
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2009	all samples (EU Member States and others, 2003-2007)2003–2007	max.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2009	all samples (EU Member States and others, 2003-2007)2003–2007	percentile.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2009	all samples (EU Member States and others, 2003-2007)2003–2007	percentile.
Vegetable juice, juiceGrochowska-Niedworok et al. 2020	glass container, PolandCollection date unreported	mean.
Vegetable juice, juiceSpungen et al. 2024	all samples2018–2020	mean.
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	mean.Same samples: 17.8 µg/kg (minimum); 23.3 µg/kg (maximum)
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	min.
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	max.
Vegetable juice, juiceEuropean Food Safety Authority 2012	all samples (EU Member State submissions)2003–2011Basis not stated	mean.
Vegetable juice, juiceJoint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives 2022	GEMS/Food contaminants database2011Basis not stated	mean.
Vegetable juice, juiceJoint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives 2022	GEMS/Food contaminants database2011Basis not stated	mean.
Vegetable juice, juiceJoint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives 2022	GEMS/Food contaminants database2011Basis not stated	mean.

12 findings · 3 studies · 2 spread figures folded in
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2004–2023	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2018	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2006–2016	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2015–2023	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2019	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2004–2023	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2013–2021	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2007–2012	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2009	EFSA 2009 pooled European occurrence dataCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2009	EFSA 2009 pooled European occurrence dataCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.Same samples: 80 µg/kg (maximum); 20 µg/kg (percentile)
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2009	EFSA 2009 pooled European occurrence dataCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2009	EFSA 2009 pooled European occurrence dataCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	max.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2009	EFSA 2009 pooled European occurrence dataCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	percentile.

9 findings · 2 studies
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2018–2023	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2016	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2019	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2019	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2020	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2011–2014	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2011–2020	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2010	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceEuropean Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2014	European dietary-survey occurrence data2003–2013Basis not stated	mean.

1 finding · 1 study
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2023	median.

6 findings · 4 studies · 4 spread figures folded in
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2004–2020	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2004–2017	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 2003	Ottawa composite (retail Oct-Nov 2000)1998–2000	sample value.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2012	EU occurrence data2004–2011Basis not stated	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2012	EU occurrence data2004–2011Basis not stated	mean.Same samples: 20 µg/kg (maximum); 5 µg/kg (percentile); 10 µg/kg (percentile)
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2012	EU occurrence data2004–2011Basis not stated	max.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2012	EU occurrence data2004–2011Basis not stated	percentile.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2012	EU occurrence data2004–2011Basis not stated	percentile.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2012	EU occurrence data2004–2011Basis not stated	percentile.

4 findings · 3 studies · 2 spread figures folded in
Vegetable juice, juiceFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2015	EU Member State submissions to EFSA, all samples (LB)2003–2012	mean.Same samples: 89 µg/kg (percentile)
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2015	EU Member State submissions to EFSA, all samples (LB)2003–2012	percentile.
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2015	EU Member State submissions to EFSA, all samples (UB)2003–2012	mean.Same samples: 99 µg/kg (percentile)
Vegetable juice, juiceEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2015	EU Member State submissions to EFSA, all samples (UB)2003–2012	percentile.
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 1995	Montreal composite1986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.

1 finding · 1 study
Vegetable juice, juiceFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.

2 findings · 1 study
Vegetable juice, juiceBassioni et al. 2012	solution (1), foil immersed in boiling solution 2 hCollection date unreported	sample value.
Vegetable juice, juiceBassioni et al. 2012	solution (2), foil immersed in boiling solution 2 hCollection date unreported	sample value.

1 finding · 1 study
Vegetable juice, juiceWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2010	median.

1 finding · 1 study
Vegetable juice, juiceFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.

1 finding · 1 study
Vegetable juice, juiceDabeka et al. 1995	Montreal composite1986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.

Shared dataset methods and interpretation

Source summaries retain their original statistic, material, basis and censoring. Each source drawer identifies methods and overlapping samples. No matched reference or pooled distribution is inferred.

HMI vegetable juice Pb reference · Vegetable juice, juice

Reference and scope

HMI vegetable juice Pb reference · Vegetable juice, juice. Vegetable juice, juice; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤1.6	≤1.9	1.9–4 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	≤1.6	≤1.9	1.9–4 (bounded)

78 reference units; 4 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	73	25%
FDA Total Diet Study	3	25%
Grochowska-Niedworok et al. 2020	1	25%
U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2018	1	25%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for vegetable juice, juice on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

4 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:vegetable-juice-11c159ee6b75:54f4b030c29b

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI vegetable juice Cd reference · Vegetable juice, juice

Reference and scope

HMI vegetable juice Cd reference · Vegetable juice, juice. Vegetable juice, juice; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	8.9	8.9–9 (bounded)	9.68–10.2 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	8.9	9	11

74 reference units; 3 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	70	33%
FDA Total Diet Study	3	33%
EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) 2009	1	33%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for vegetable juice, juice on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

3 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:vegetable-juice-2da34d9a9d27:93efe124b25f

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI vegetable juice tAs reference · Vegetable juice, juice

Reference and scope

HMI vegetable juice tAs reference · Vegetable juice, juice. Vegetable juice, juice; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤1	≤1.3	1.3–10 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	≤1	≤1.3	1.3–9.97 (bounded)

50 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	47	50%
FDA Total Diet Study	3	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for vegetable juice, juice on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:vegetable-juice-aa5f0f5fe8e1:905ccf98b9be

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI vegetable juice iAs reference · Vegetable juice, juice

Reference and scope

HMI vegetable juice iAs reference · Vegetable juice, juice. Vegetable juice, juice; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤2.2	2.2–8 (bounded)	8–12 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	≤2.2	2.2–8 (bounded)	8–16 (bounded)

9 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	9	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for vegetable juice, juice on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for vegetable juice, juice on this basis in the completed vegetable juice ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:vegetable-juice-19494600c745:70be5cb4aad6

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI vegetable juice DMA reference · Vegetable juice, juice

Reference and scope

HMI vegetable juice DMA reference · Vegetable juice, juice. Vegetable juice, juice; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤20	≤20	≤20
Alternative weighting	≤20	≤20	≤20

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for vegetable juice, juice on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for vegetable juice, juice on this basis in the completed vegetable juice ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:vegetable-juice-7eae264eb931:a476f518dc37

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI vegetable juice tHg reference · Vegetable juice, juice

Reference and scope

HMI vegetable juice tHg reference · Vegetable juice, juice. Vegetable juice, juice; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤0.1	≤1	0.1–1 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	≤0.1	≤1	0.1–1 (bounded)

25 reference units; 3 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	21	33%
FDA Total Diet Study	3	33%
Dabeka et al. 2003	1	33%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for vegetable juice, juice on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

3 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:vegetable-juice-4f4c2ddc6727:c148d72487e9

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI vegetable juice Ni reference · Vegetable juice, juice

Reference and scope

HMI vegetable juice Ni reference · Vegetable juice, juice. Vegetable juice, juice; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤20	52	65
Alternative weighting	≤20	52	65

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for vegetable juice, juice on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for vegetable juice, juice on this basis in the completed vegetable juice ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:vegetable-juice-30069679619d:e6ee1067e6e3

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI vegetable juice Cr reference · Vegetable juice, juice

Reference and scope

HMI vegetable juice Cr reference · Vegetable juice, juice. Vegetable juice, juice; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤25	≤25	≤25
Alternative weighting	≤25	≤25	≤25

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for vegetable juice, juice on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for vegetable juice, juice on this basis in the completed vegetable juice ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:vegetable-juice-d643f08957ed:cbf661a8d172

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI vegetable juice Sn reference · Vegetable juice, juice

Reference and scope

HMI vegetable juice Sn reference · Vegetable juice, juice. Vegetable juice, juice; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤10	≤10	≤10
Alternative weighting	≤10	≤10	≤10

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for vegetable juice, juice on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for vegetable juice, juice on this basis in the completed vegetable juice ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:vegetable-juice-4e6dbed75052:57aa2d163416

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI vegetable juice U reference · Vegetable juice, juice

Reference and scope

HMI vegetable juice U reference · Vegetable juice, juice. Vegetable juice, juice; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤1	≤1	≤1
Alternative weighting	≤1	≤1	≤1

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for vegetable juice, juice on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for vegetable juice, juice on this basis in the completed vegetable juice ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:vegetable-juice-0006c7ec6ef0:54a96bd2213b

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

How metals reach vegetable juice

No study in the library compared vegetable juice from contaminated and ordinary settings, so the routes by which metals reach it are not measured here.

Which forms and regions measured lower

The HMI reference for lead in vegetable juice, juice pools 78 subgroup units from 4 sampling families, with a median of below 1.9 µg/kg and a middle half spanning below 1.6 (lower quartile) and between 1.9 and 4 µg/kg (upper quartile).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Grochowska-Niedworok E, Nieć J, Baranowska R · 2020Assessment of cadmium and lead content in tomatoes and tomato productsRoczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene)Read source →}^{5U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2018Analytical Results for Lead in Juice Sampled Under the FDA’s Toxic Elements in Food and Foodware, and Radionuclides in Food – Import and Domestic Compliance Program (FY2005-FY2018)FDA analytical results tableRead source →} For cadmium in vegetable juice, juice, the reference median was between 8.9 and 9 µg/kg, with a middle half from 8.9 to between 9.68 and 10.2 µg/kg across 74 units.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{8EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) · 2009Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain on a request from the European Commission on cadmium in foodThe EFSA JournalRead source →} For total arsenic in vegetable juice, juice, the reference median was below 1.3 µg/kg, with a middle half from below 1 to between 1.3 and 10 µg/kg across 50 units.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}

Among GEMS/Food reporting regions, vegetable juice, juice had the lowest lead subgroup median in PAHO (1.15 µg/kg) and the highest in WPRO (6.6 µg/kg); reporting regions are markets, not growing areas.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} For cadmium, the lowest regional median was in EURO (7.52 µg/kg) and the highest in PAHO (11.4 µg/kg).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

In one study, lead across 6 groups of vegetable juice ranged from 3.7 µg/kg (Vancouver 1987) to 93.9 µg/kg (Montreal 1988); the lowest is the lowest observed in that study, not an established sourcing preference.^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →}

Processing, cooking and preparation

No processing study for metals in this food is in the library yet.

Mitigation for vegetable juice

Lot testing against the applicable limit is the check that can be verified.

No measured way to lower metals in this food is in the library yet.

Trade-offs and limits of controls

Metals do not move together, so a lot that passes a lead limit says little about cadmium, arsenic or nickel unless those are tested as well.

Testing vegetable juice for metals

Results depend on the method and its reporting limit. Reporting limits for lead ranged from 1 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food) to 1,000 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} Reporting limits for cadmium ranged from 1 µg/kg (FDA Total Diet Study) to 55.4 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →} Reporting limits for total arsenic ranged from 1 µg/kg (FDA Total Diet Study) to 10,000 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}

A useful lot result names the form, the basis and a quantification limit well below the limit that applies.

Buying and verifying vegetable juice

No maximum level for metals in vegetable juice was verified from primary text for this page; buyers should confirm the limit that applies in the destination market.

Exposure from vegetable juice

No source in the library converted vegetable juice concentrations into a verified estimate of intake for a defined population. Concentrations describe the food, not individual risk.

Evidence review and remaining gaps

Every source record that names vegetable juice was decided on its content: 16 occurrence extracted, 16 records in all. The occurrence table renders every extracted result; held values remain visible with their reason.

References identify the sources used in these answers. The Sources index preserves additional discovery links; inclusion there does not mean a source has been reviewed for this assessment. Corrections, completed searches, new direct evidence and changes in requirements should reopen the relevant answer.

Vegetable juice FAQs

What heavy metals are found in vegetable juice?

The library reports lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, tin, uranium and Co in vegetable juice, most often lead, cadmium and total arsenic.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Grochowska-Niedworok E, Nieć J, Baranowska R · 2020Assessment of cadmium and lead content in tomatoes and tomato productsRoczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene)Read source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in vegetable juice, juice from 869 results in 4 reporting regions, with subgroup medians from 1.15 to 6.6 µg/kg.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

Which regions report the lowest levels in vegetable juice?

Among GEMS/Food reporting regions, vegetable juice, juice had the lowest lead subgroup median in PAHO (1.15 µg/kg) and the highest in WPRO (6.6 µg/kg); reporting regions are markets, not growing areas.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} For cadmium, the lowest regional median was in EURO (7.52 µg/kg) and the highest in PAHO (11.4 µg/kg).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

How much of the arsenic in vegetable juice is inorganic?

Inorganic arsenic, the more toxic form, was measured in 9 results from 2 sources, far fewer than total arsenic.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{9European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →} European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2014 reported inorganic arsenic at 4.4 µg/kg (mean) in vegetable juice, juice from European dietary-survey occurrence data.^{9European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →}

References

Works cited on this page, in citation-number order. See Sources for this page’s source inventory. Each title links to a source record with bibliographic details, reported findings, and document provenance.

GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsWorld Health Organization · GEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme · 2026 · extranet.who.intDataset
FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsU.S. Food and Drug Administration · FDA Total Diet Study · 2022 · www.fda.govDataset
Assessment of cadmium and lead content in tomatoes and tomato productsGrochowska-Niedworok E, Nieć J, and Baranowska R · Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene) · 2020 · doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2020.0126Peer-reviewed
Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Spungen JH and et al. · Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A · 2024 · doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2024.2396910Peer-reviewed
Analytical Results for Lead in Juice Sampled Under the FDA’s Toxic Elements in Food and Foodware, and Radionuclides in Food – Import and Domestic Compliance Program (FY2005-FY2018)U.S. Food and Drug Administration · FDA analytical results table · 2018Dataset
Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Dabeka RW and McKenzie AD · Journal of AOAC International · 1995 · academic.oup.comPeer-reviewed
Scientific Opinion on Lead in FoodEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) · EFSA Journal 2010;8(4):1570 · 2010 · doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1570Government
Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain on a request from the European Commission on cadmium in foodEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) · The EFSA Journal · 2009 · doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2009.980Government
Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEuropean Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597 · 2014 · doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3597Government

Sources

Browse Vegetable juice Sources for sources cited on this page and additional discovery candidates. The searchable index distinguishes verified citation use from discovery relationships whose relevance has not been established.

Update history

22 October 2026: Rebuilt from every vegetable juice record in the library: 16 occurrence sources, references by form and basis, same-study contrasts.

Referenced by

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Food and Drug Administration

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Food Additives

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Heavy metals in Vegetable juice

Vegetable juice overview

What counts as vegetable juice

Heavy metal contamination profile of vegetable juice

How metals reach vegetable juice

Which forms and regions measured lower

Processing, cooking and preparation

Mitigation for vegetable juice

Trade-offs and limits of controls

Testing vegetable juice for metals

Buying and verifying vegetable juice

Exposure from vegetable juice

Evidence review and remaining gaps

Vegetable juice FAQs

References

Sources

Update history

Related ingredients

Referenced by

Graph View