Overview
This is a structural ingredient node created so product pages can link to a real wiki target. Occurrence values remain pending until a source is promoted for this ingredient.
Heavy metal contamination profile
Per-analyte snapshot derived from the machine-readable contamination_profile in the frontmatter above. data gap indicates the literature has been reviewed for this commodity-analyte combination and no usable occurrence data was found (a finding, not a placeholder). The Key sources column shows the top 2-3 contributing sources by year and sample size, with numbered wikilink aliases.
| Analyte | Coverage | Typical (ppb) | Confidence | Key sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb | data gap | — | — | — |
| Cd | data gap | — | — | — |
| iAs | data gap | — | — | — |
| tAs | data gap | — | — | — |
| tHg | data gap | — | — | — |
| Ni | data gap | — | — | — |
| Al | data gap | — | — | — |
| Cr | data gap | — | — | — |
| Sn | data gap | — | — | — |
| U | data gap | — | — | — |
Routing
This node is linked from Vegetable Juices, Non-Root, Vegetable Juices, Root-Vegetable-Containing.
Contamination Profile State
Per-analyte state — populated, in progress, or declared data gap — is carried authoritatively in the machine-readable contamination_profile frontmatter and the contamination-profile table above. Ingredient-level values belong here; finished-product values belong on the relevant product-category page.
References
Works cited in this page’s text, in first-appearance order. See Sources for this page’s source inventory. Each title links to its source record, which carries the ingest receipt, the extracted values, and the file hash of the document it was built from.
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The "Used on this page for" column is populated by the orchestrator's POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | FDA 2022. FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical Results, FDA Total Diet Study | 2022 | Government dataset | US-FDA Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg, Ni, Cr, U, Sb occurrence in 3276 prepared food, beverage and water composites across 307 TDS foods, FY2018-FY2020 US collections (n=3276) |
Why this commodity accumulates heavy metals
Vegetable juice is the liquid extracted or processed from vegetables (tomato juice, carrot juice, beet juice, celery juice, and mixed-vegetable products like V8). Vegetable juice carries the source-vegetable heavy-metal profile, concentrated per-mass via water-content removal during juicing or evaporation. Different vegetable types contribute different baseline metal profiles: tomato juice carries source-tomato Cd; carrot juice carries source-carrot Pb and Cd at moderate concentrations; beet juice can carry higher Pb because beet (Beta vulgaris) is a moderate Pb accumulator; leafy-vegetable juice (kale, spinach, parsley juices in cold-pressed and craft-juice formulations) carries the leafy-greens Cd and Pb at concentrated per-mass levels. The HMTc panel concerns for vegetable juice are Pb and Cd (dominant), iAs in juice from vegetables grown in As-affected regions, and Sn for canned vegetable juices including canned tomato juice.
Ranges by source, region, and variety
Variance within vegetable juice tracks vegetable type (tomato vs leafy-green vs root-vegetable juice carry different baseline profiles), source-vegetable origin region (industrial-region production, urban-garden production, atmospheric-deposition-affected production drive higher loads), processing scale (commodity scale vs cold-pressed craft juicing), and packaging (canned vs glass-bottle vs aseptic carton vs PET). Cold-pressed leafy-green juices marketed for health-and-wellness consumption can carry per-mass Pb and Cd at concentrated levels because the cold-pressing efficiently extracts the per-mass leafy-green metal load with minimal dilution.
Processing effects
Vegetable-juice manufacturing varies by product: tomato juice is typically pressed from cooked tomato; carrot and beet juice are pressed from raw or lightly-blanched vegetables; cold-pressed juice extracts the per-vegetable juice content without thermal processing. Each method partitions metals between juice and solid fractions differently. Cold-pressed juicing typically retains more of the source-vegetable metal load in the juice phase because the pressing is less aggressive than thermal-and-pressed extraction. Canned vegetable juice (canned tomato juice, V8, canned mixed-vegetable juices) introduces a Sn migration pathway. Pasteurization does not affect metals.
Ingredient-derivative risk
Vegetable juice routes into the vegetable-juices-non-root and vegetable-juices-root-vegetable-containing product rows. Derivatives include canned tomato juice, V8 and similar mixed-vegetable juices, fresh-pressed cold-pressed juice products, and vegetable-juice concentrates (further concentration of per-mass metals). Vegetable-juice powders (used in flavoring and seasoning applications) concentrate per-mass metals via dehydration.
Mitigation options
Sourcing levers (Supply-chain screening) include source-vegetable origin specification (avoidance of industrial-region or atmospheric-deposition-affected production); supplier-soil verification for vegetable suppliers; and contractual specification of Pb/Cd ceiling on incoming vegetable supply.
Agronomic levers (Agronomic mitigation) operate at the source-vegetable cultivation stage; see vegetables, leafy-greens, and per-vegetable ingredient pages for the upstream interventions.
Processing levers (Processing mitigation) include processing-equipment material specification; pressing-residue handling (the solid residue concentrates source-vegetable metals and should not be returned to the juice stream); and washing optimization to maximize surface-Pb removal pre-juicing.
Formulation levers (Formulation mitigation) include mixed-vegetable formulations that dilute single-vegetable metal loads; substitution of higher-risk vegetables (leafy greens, beets) with lower-risk vegetables (tomatoes, citrus) where the matrix permits.
Testing and QC levers (Testing and quality-control mitigation) include lot-level Pb, Cd, iAs testing on finished vegetable juice. ICP-MS is the standard analytical platform.
Packaging and storage levers (Packaging and storage mitigation) include can-lining specification for canned vegetable juice; aseptic carton, glass, or PET eliminates Sn migration.
Regulatory limits that apply
- eu-2023-915 — EU Reg. 2023/915 sets maximum levels for Pb and Cd in processed vegetables including vegetable juice as a processed-vegetable derivative.
- FDA does not currently set a quantitative action level specific to vegetable juice; general FDA enforcement on toxic-element contamination applies.
- Codex Alimentarius CXS 247-2005 (General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars) includes provisions that have been extended to vegetable juices in some interpretive contexts.
- California Prop 65 (california-prop65) Pb MADL applies to vegetable-juice products sold in California.
- EU Sn-in-canned-food regulation sets 100 mg/kg maximum level for canned beverages including canned vegetable juice.
FDA TDS FY2018–FY2020 source observations
FDA measured the prepared foods named below. Each row describes that food and preparation, not every form of this ingredient. Values are µg/kg (ppb) on the FDA sample basis. ND means not detected; it is not a measured zero. Reporting limits can vary between composites. FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical Results
| FDA food and preparation | Analyte | Composites | Detected | Detected concentrations (ppb) | Reporting limits (ppb) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 525: Juice, tomato-vegetable | tAs | 3 | 1 | 1.3 | 1 |
| 525: Juice, tomato-vegetable | Cd | 3 | 3 | 9–15 | 1 |
| 525: Juice, tomato-vegetable | Cr | 3 | 0 | ND in all composites | 25 |
| 525: Juice, tomato-vegetable | Pb | 3 | 1 | 1.6 | 1 |
| 525: Juice, tomato-vegetable | tHg | 3 | 0 | ND in all composites | 1 |
| 525: Juice, tomato-vegetable | Ni | 3 | 2 | 52–65 | 20 |
| 525: Juice, tomato-vegetable | U | 3 | 0 | ND in all composites | 1 |
Update history
No substantive edit history is available in this build. The full commit record is available in git.