Heavy metals in Parsley

Quick read

Parsley in the HMI library has 398 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V, Ag, arsenic (As), Ba, Ca, mercury (Hg), K, Mg, P, Sr and Ti from 26 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2Abdolahpour Alamdari H, Sleman Ali H, Sadighara P, Jahed Khaniki G, Shahsavanpoor Landeh K, Dehghani MH · 2023The health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables grown in Babol city, IranInternational Archives of Health SciencesRead source →}^{3Bora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, Bunea CI · 2022Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaHorticulturaeRead source →}^{4Ćwieląg-Drabek, M., Piekut, A., Gut, K., Grabowski, M. · 2020Risk of cadmium, lead and zinc exposure from consumption of vegetables produced in areas with mining and smelting pastScientific ReportsRead source →}^{5Iosif Gergen, Monica Harmanescu · 2012Application of principal component analysis in the pollution assessment with heavy metals of vegetable food chain in the old mining areasChemistry Central Journal6:156Read source →}^{6Guerra F, Trevizam AR, Muraoka T, Marcante NC, Canniatti-Brazaca SG · 2012Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human healthScientia Agricola 69(1):54-60Read source →}

Metals measured:
Lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, total mercury and nickel and others, in 398 results from 26 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2Abdolahpour Alamdari H, Sleman Ali H, Sadighara P, Jahed Khaniki G, Shahsavanpoor Landeh K, Dehghani MH · 2023The health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables grown in Babol city, IranInternational Archives of Health SciencesRead source →}^{3Bora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, Bunea CI · 2022Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaHorticulturaeRead source →}^{4Ćwieląg-Drabek, M., Piekut, A., Gut, K., Grabowski, M. · 2020Risk of cadmium, lead and zinc exposure from consumption of vegetables produced in areas with mining and smelting pastScientific ReportsRead source →}
Main drivers:
Parsley, as sold from Borlova (reference area) (mining-affected area) had lead higher at 280 µg/kg, against 80 µg/kg for Borlova (reference area) in the same study.^{5Iosif Gergen, Monica Harmanescu · 2012Application of principal component analysis in the pollution assessment with heavy metals of vegetable food chain in the old mining areasChemistry Central Journal6:156Read source →}
Practical framing:
Ask for lot results with a quantification limit well below the limit that applies in the destination market.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2Abdolahpour Alamdari H, Sleman Ali H, Sadighara P, Jahed Khaniki G, Shahsavanpoor Landeh K, Dehghani MH · 2023The health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables grown in Babol city, IranInternational Archives of Health SciencesRead source →}^{3Bora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, Bunea CI · 2022Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaHorticulturaeRead source →}^{4Ćwieląg-Drabek, M., Piekut, A., Gut, K., Grabowski, M. · 2020Risk of cadmium, lead and zinc exposure from consumption of vegetables produced in areas with mining and smelting pastScientific ReportsRead source →}

Parsley overview

Parsley in the HMI library has 398 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V, Ag, As, Ba, Ca, Hg, K, Mg, P, Sr and Ti from 26 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2Abdolahpour Alamdari H, Sleman Ali H, Sadighara P, Jahed Khaniki G, Shahsavanpoor Landeh K, Dehghani MH · 2023The health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables grown in Babol city, IranInternational Archives of Health SciencesRead source →}^{3Bora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, Bunea CI · 2022Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaHorticulturaeRead source →}^{4Ćwieląg-Drabek, M., Piekut, A., Gut, K., Grabowski, M. · 2020Risk of cadmium, lead and zinc exposure from consumption of vegetables produced in areas with mining and smelting pastScientific ReportsRead source →}^{5Iosif Gergen, Monica Harmanescu · 2012Application of principal component analysis in the pollution assessment with heavy metals of vegetable food chain in the old mining areasChemistry Central Journal6:156Read source →}^{6Guerra F, Trevizam AR, Muraoka T, Marcante NC, Canniatti-Brazaca SG · 2012Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human healthScientia Agricola 69(1):54-60Read source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in parsley, as sold from 1,717 results in 4 reporting regions, with subgroup medians from 20 to 370 µg/kg.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} For cadmium, GEMS/Food gave subgroup medians from 5 to 190 µg/kg from 978 results.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

Across 2 other studies of ordinary farms and markets, reported lead means and medians on an as-sold or fresh-weight basis ranged from 500 µg/kg (Abdolahpour et al. 2023) to 1,020 µg/kg (Guerra et al. 2012).^{2Abdolahpour Alamdari H, Sleman Ali H, Sadighara P, Jahed Khaniki G, Shahsavanpoor Landeh K, Dehghani MH · 2023The health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables grown in Babol city, IranInternational Archives of Health SciencesRead source →}^{6Guerra F, Trevizam AR, Muraoka T, Marcante NC, Canniatti-Brazaca SG · 2012Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human healthScientia Agricola 69(1):54-60Read source →} For cadmium, 3 studies on an as-sold or fresh-weight basis reported means and medians from 13 µg/kg (Dearing et al. 2025) to 180 µg/kg (Guerra et al. 2012).^{6Guerra F, Trevizam AR, Muraoka T, Marcante NC, Canniatti-Brazaca SG · 2012Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human healthScientia Agricola 69(1):54-60Read source →}^{7Dearing C, Ye Z, Robertshaw G · 2025Assessment of Heavy Metals in Organic and Non-Organic Vegetables Post Severe Tropical Cyclone Gabrielle: A cross-sectional comparative analysisF1000ResearchRead source →} Higher results came from contaminated or exposed settings rather than ordinary supply. Parsley, as sold from Ruschita (mining area R) (mining-affected area) had lead higher at 15,800 µg/kg, against 280 µg/kg for Borlova (reference area) in the same study.^{5Iosif Gergen, Monica Harmanescu · 2012Application of principal component analysis in the pollution assessment with heavy metals of vegetable food chain in the old mining areasChemistry Central Journal6:156Read source →}

For a buyer the practical points are the form bought, the basis a result is reported on, where the parsley came from and the laboratory’s reporting limit. Testing finds contamination but does not remove it.

What counts as parsley

This page covers parsley in 3 forms kept separate in every comparison: parsley, as sold (384 results), parsley, peeled or flesh (8 results) and parsley, dried (6 results).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2Abdolahpour Alamdari H, Sleman Ali H, Sadighara P, Jahed Khaniki G, Shahsavanpoor Landeh K, Dehghani MH · 2023The health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables grown in Babol city, IranInternational Archives of Health SciencesRead source →}^{3Bora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, Bunea CI · 2022Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaHorticulturaeRead source →}^{4Ćwieląg-Drabek, M., Piekut, A., Gut, K., Grabowski, M. · 2020Risk of cadmium, lead and zinc exposure from consumption of vegetables produced in areas with mining and smelting pastScientific ReportsRead source →}^{5Iosif Gergen, Monica Harmanescu · 2012Application of principal component analysis in the pollution assessment with heavy metals of vegetable food chain in the old mining areasChemistry Central Journal6:156Read source →}^{6Guerra F, Trevizam AR, Muraoka T, Marcante NC, Canniatti-Brazaca SG · 2012Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human healthScientia Agricola 69(1):54-60Read source →}

Results stay on the basis each source reports: as sold or fresh weight, dry weight, or unstated. Dry-weight, as-sold and unstated results are never pooled, and no moisture conversion is applied.

Heavy metal contamination profile of parsley

The table holds every extracted parsley result: one row for each statistic a source reports for a form, group and metal, 398 rows in all, grouped by metal and form; percentiles, ranges and maxima for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2Abdolahpour Alamdari H, Sleman Ali H, Sadighara P, Jahed Khaniki G, Shahsavanpoor Landeh K, Dehghani MH · 2023The health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables grown in Babol city, IranInternational Archives of Health SciencesRead source →}^{3Bora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, Bunea CI · 2022Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaHorticulturaeRead source →}^{4Ćwieląg-Drabek, M., Piekut, A., Gut, K., Grabowski, M. · 2020Risk of cadmium, lead and zinc exposure from consumption of vegetables produced in areas with mining and smelting pastScientific ReportsRead source →}^{5Iosif Gergen, Monica Harmanescu · 2012Application of principal component analysis in the pollution assessment with heavy metals of vegetable food chain in the old mining areasChemistry Central Journal6:156Read source →}^{6Guerra F, Trevizam AR, Muraoka T, Marcante NC, Canniatti-Brazaca SG · 2012Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human healthScientia Agricola 69(1):54-60Read source →} Monitoring medians are HMI calculations from individual submissions; non-detects remain intervals between zero and the reporting limit and are never read as zero.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

79 rows can be rated against an HMI reference for the same form and basis, 99 rows have a direct same-study comparison, and the rest stay unrated with the reason recorded. 6 values from 3 sources failed a check against their own source and are shown but not compared.^{8Osmala-Kurpiewska W, Niesler A, Piekut AK · 2026Health risk assessment of cadmium and lead in root vegetables from retail and private cultivation in the Silesian Province, south-west PolandMedycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu 2026, Tom 32, Nr 3, 220-226Read source →}^{9Iessa KR, Hamdan M · 2024Assessment of the Concentrations of some Heavy Metals in some Vegetables Traded in the Local Market in Sebha City - LibyaJATAED: Journal of Appropriate Technology for Agriculture, Environment, and Development, Volume 1, Number 2Read source →}^{10Huang Z, Pan XD, Wu PG, Han JL, Chen Q · 2014Heavy metals in vegetables and the health risk to population in Zhejiang, ChinaFood ControlRead source →}

Comparison methods and scope

Each row is one statistic a source reports for one form of parsley, group and metal; percentiles, ranges and maxima reported for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row. Different forms and preparation states are kept apart, and dry-weight results never share a reference with as-sold or fresh-weight results. Ratings place a result against an HMI reference built from monitoring results and ordinary-setting medians for the same form and basis. Same-study contrasts compare a contaminated or treated site with its control, targeted with random sampling, a prepared form with the unprocessed one, or one group of a study with the median of its other groups. Held rows failed a check against their own source and are shown but not compared.

Filter findings

AnalyteFood formCollection regionCollection periodSourceCompare withComparable findings only

369 of 369 findings · 24 analytes

About this table

Food formCollection scopeFindingComparisonEvidence

Parsley findings from monitoring programmes, total diet studies and every extracted field, market and contaminated-site study, in µg/kg with each source’s form, basis, statistic and censoring retained.
Food form	Collection scope	Finding (µg/kg)

62 findings · 18 studies · 5 spread figures folded in
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2023As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2018–2021As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2017As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2014–2020As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2022As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	SEARO2012–2019As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	SEARO2009As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldAbdolahpour et al. 2023	Babol County fields2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	not detected.
Parsley, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	not detected.
Parsley, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	not detected.
Parsley, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	not detected.
Parsley, as soldĆwieląg-Drabek et al. 2020	allotment gardens in four zones of Silesia Province near Zn-Pb2013–2017As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 5,540 µg/kg (maximum)
Parsley, as soldĆwieląg-Drabek et al. 2020	allotment gardens in four zones of Silesia Province near Zn-Pb2013–2017As sold / fresh	min.
Parsley, as soldĆwieląg-Drabek et al. 2020	allotment gardens in four zones of Silesia Province near Zn-Pb2013–2017As sold / fresh	max.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Borlova (reference area)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Borlova (reference area)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Moldova Noua (mining area M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Moldova Noua (mining area M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Ruschita (mining area R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Ruschita (mining area R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Borlova reference area (Ref)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Borlova reference area (Ref)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Moldova Noua old mining area (M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Moldova Noua old mining area (M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Ruschita old mining area (R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Ruschita old mining area (R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO1997–1999Dry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2015–2017Dry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2014Dry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2013–2014Dry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2024Dry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2024Dry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldAltıkulaç et al. 2025	Group I2021–2022Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldAssaad et al. 2020	Damour (site A), communal allotment, spring 20182018Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 1,000 µg/kg (minimum); 43,000 µg/kg (maximum); 46,000 µg/kg (maximum)
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	min.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	min.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	max.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	max.
Parsley, as soldIessa et al. 2024	leafy vegetable, Sebha local market, 20232023Dry weight	not detected.
Parsley, as soldMatloob 2016	all samples (5 samples per spice, Babil shops)Collection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality I (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality II (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality III (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality IV (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality V (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality VI (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldPiri et al. 2026	wastewater-irrigated farm plots, Zabol agribelt2023Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldPiri et al. 2026	wastewater-irrigated farm plots2023Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldPiri et al. 2026	wastewater-irrigated farm plots2023Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldPiri et al. 2026	wastewater-irrigated farm plots2023Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldPiri et al. 2026	wastewater-irrigated farm plots2023Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldYounis et al. 2023	locally grown, Erbil main vegetable marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	annual mean over four seasons 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Autumn 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Spring 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Summer 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Winter 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC1, packaged/purchased sampleCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC2, packaged/purchased sampleCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC3, wild-collected (spontaneous flora, Galati County)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldTodorovska 2023	unit 1 (herb)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	sample value.
Parsley, as soldTodorovska 2023	unit 2 (herb)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	sample value.
Parsley, as soldTodorovska 2023	unit 3 (herb)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	sample value.
3 findings · 1 study · 1 spread figure folded in
Parsley, peeled or fleshOsmala-Kurpiewska et al. 2026	all samples, Silesian Province (retail and home-grown)2025As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, peeled or fleshOsmala-Kurpiewska et al. 2026	all samples, Silesian Province (retail and home-grown)2025As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 153 µg/kg (maximum)
Parsley, peeled or fleshOsmala-Kurpiewska et al. 2026	all samples, Silesian Province (retail and home-grown)2025As sold / fresh	min.
Parsley, peeled or fleshOsmala-Kurpiewska et al. 2026	all samples, Silesian Province (retail and home-grown)2025As sold / fresh	max.
1 finding · 1 study
Parsley, driedDghaim et al. 2015	all samples (local and imported)Collection date unreportedDry weight	range.

59 findings · 20 studies · 7 spread figures folded in
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EMRO2014As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2005As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2019As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2006As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2017As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldAbdolahpour et al. 2023	Babol County fields2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	not detected.
Parsley, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	not detected.
Parsley, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	not detected.
Parsley, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	not detected.
Parsley, as soldĆwieląg-Drabek et al. 2020	allotment gardens in four zones of Silesia Province near Zn-Pb2013–2017As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 10 µg/kg (minimum); 690 µg/kg (maximum)
Parsley, as soldĆwieląg-Drabek et al. 2020	allotment gardens in four zones of Silesia Province near Zn-Pb2013–2017As sold / fresh	min.
Parsley, as soldĆwieląg-Drabek et al. 2020	allotment gardens in four zones of Silesia Province near Zn-Pb2013–2017As sold / fresh	max.
Parsley, as soldDearing et al. 2025	genus Petroselinum2024As sold / fresh	median.Same samples: 28 µg/kg (maximum)
Parsley, as soldDearing et al. 2025	genus Petroselinum2024As sold / fresh	max.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Borlova (reference area)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Borlova (reference area)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Moldova Noua (mining area M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Moldova Noua (mining area M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Ruschita (mining area R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Ruschita (mining area R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Borlova reference area (Ref)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Borlova reference area (Ref)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Moldova Noua old mining area (M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Moldova Noua old mining area (M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Ruschita old mining area (R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Ruschita old mining area (R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO1997–1999Dry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2015–2019Dry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2024Dry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2024Dry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldAltıkulaç et al. 2025	Group I2021–2022Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldAssaad et al. 2020	Damour (site A), communal allotment, spring 20182018Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 1,000 µg/kg (minimum); 1,100 µg/kg (minimum); 2,500 µg/kg (maximum); 1,700 µg/kg (maximum)
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	min.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	min.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	max.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	max.
Parsley, as soldIessa et al. 2024	leafy vegetable, Sebha local market, 20232023Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldMatloob 2016	all samples (5 samples per spice, Babil shops)Collection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality I (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality II (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality III (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality IV (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality V (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality VI (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldPiri et al. 2026	wastewater-irrigated farm plots, Zabol agribelt2023Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldPiri et al. 2026	wastewater-irrigated farm plots2023Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldPiri et al. 2026	wastewater-irrigated farm plots2023Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldPiri et al. 2026	wastewater-irrigated farm plots2023Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldPiri et al. 2026	wastewater-irrigated farm plots2023Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldYounis et al. 2023	locally grown, Erbil main vegetable marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	annual mean over four seasons 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Autumn 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Spring 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Summer 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Winter 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldJoint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives 2022	GEMS/Food contaminants database2011Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC1, packaged/purchased sampleCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC2, packaged/purchased sampleCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC3, wild-collected (spontaneous flora, Galati County)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldTodorovska 2023	unit 1 (herb)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	sample value.
Parsley, as soldTodorovska 2023	unit 2 (herb)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	sample value.
Parsley, as soldTodorovska 2023	unit 3 (herb)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	sample value.
3 findings · 1 study · 1 spread figure folded in
Parsley, peeled or fleshOsmala-Kurpiewska et al. 2026	all samples, Silesian Province (retail and home-grown)2025As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, peeled or fleshOsmala-Kurpiewska et al. 2026	all samples, Silesian Province (retail and home-grown)2025As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 361 µg/kg (maximum)
Parsley, peeled or fleshOsmala-Kurpiewska et al. 2026	all samples, Silesian Province (retail and home-grown)2025As sold / fresh	min.
Parsley, peeled or fleshOsmala-Kurpiewska et al. 2026	all samples, Silesian Province (retail and home-grown)2025As sold / fresh	max.
1 finding · 1 study
Parsley, driedDghaim et al. 2015	all samples (local and imported)Collection date unreportedDry weight	range.

24 findings · 8 studies
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2023As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2013–2018As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2000–2012As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2024Dry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2024Dry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldAltıkulaç et al. 2025	Group I2021–2022Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldAssaad et al. 2020	Damour (site A), communal allotment, spring 20182018Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldPiri et al. 2026	wastewater-irrigated farm plots, Zabol agribelt2023Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldPiri et al. 2026	wastewater-irrigated farm plots2023Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldPiri et al. 2026	wastewater-irrigated farm plots2023Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldPiri et al. 2026	wastewater-irrigated farm plots2023Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldPiri et al. 2026	wastewater-irrigated farm plots2023Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldYounis et al. 2023	locally grown, Erbil main vegetable marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	annual mean over four seasons 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Autumn 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Spring 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Summer 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Winter 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC1, packaged/purchased sampleCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC2, packaged/purchased sampleCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC3, wild-collected (spontaneous flora, Galati County)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	not detected.
Parsley, as soldTodorovska 2023	unit 1 (herb)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	sample value.
Parsley, as soldTodorovska 2023	unit 2 (herb)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	sample value.
Parsley, as soldTodorovska 2023	unit 3 (herb)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	sample value.

2 findings · 2 studies
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2023As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldEuropean Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2014	European dietary-survey occurrence data2003–2013Basis not stated	mean.

13 findings · 5 studies
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2006–2017As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2011As sold / fresh	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2024Dry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2024Dry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldFischer et al. 2022	all samplesCollection date unreportedDry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldFischer et al. 2022	all samplesCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldFischer et al. 2022	commercial packagesCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldFischer et al. 2022	grown independentlyCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldMatloob 2016	all samples (5 samples per spice, Babil shops)Collection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	all seasons 20242024Basis not stated	not detected.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC1, packaged/purchased sampleCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC2, packaged/purchased sampleCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC3, wild-collected (spontaneous flora, Galati County)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.

29 findings · 10 studies · 1 spread figure folded in
Parsley, as soldDearing et al. 2025	genus Petroselinum2024As sold / fresh	median.Same samples: 370 µg/kg (maximum)
Parsley, as soldDearing et al. 2025	genus Petroselinum2024As sold / fresh	max.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Borlova (reference area)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Borlova (reference area)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Moldova Noua (mining area M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Moldova Noua (mining area M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Ruschita (mining area R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Ruschita (mining area R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Borlova reference area (Ref)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Borlova reference area (Ref)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Moldova Noua old mining area (M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Moldova Noua old mining area (M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Ruschita old mining area (R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Ruschita old mining area (R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldAltıkulaç et al. 2025	Group I2021–2022Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldAssaad et al. 2020	Damour (site A), communal allotment, spring 20182018Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldMatloob 2016	all samples (5 samples per spice, Babil shops)Collection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality I (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality II (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality III (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality IV (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality V (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality VI (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldYounis et al. 2023	locally grown, Erbil main vegetable marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	not detected.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	annual mean over four seasons 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Autumn 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Spring 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Summer 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Winter 20242024Basis not stated	mean.

17 findings · 8 studies
Parsley, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldAltıkulaç et al. 2025	Group I2021–2022Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldAssaad et al. 2020	Damour (site A), communal allotment, spring 20182018Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldIessa et al. 2024	leafy vegetable, Sebha local market, 20232023Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldMatloob 2016	all samples (5 samples per spice, Babil shops)Collection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality I (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality II (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality III (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality IV (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality V (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality VI (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldYounis et al. 2023	locally grown, Erbil main vegetable marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	annual mean over four seasons 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Autumn 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Spring 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Summer 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Winter 20242024Basis not stated	mean.

8 findings · 4 studies
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2024Dry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2024Dry weight	median.
Parsley, as soldAltıkulaç et al. 2025	Group I2021–2022Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldYounis et al. 2023	locally grown, Erbil main vegetable marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Autumn 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Spring 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Summer 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Winter 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
1 finding · 1 study
Parsley, driedLHAAC 2025	retail WA2024–2025As sold / fresh	min.

4 findings · 4 studies
Parsley, as soldGuerra et al. 2012	CEAGESP wholesale market2009As sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldAltıkulaç et al. 2025	Group I2021–2022Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldAssaad et al. 2020	Damour (site A), communal allotment, spring 20182018Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldMatloob 2016	all samples (5 samples per spice, Babil shops)Collection date unreportedDry weight	mean.

29 findings · 11 studies · 4 spread figures folded in
Parsley, as soldAbdolahpour et al. 2023	Babol County fields2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Borlova (reference area)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Borlova (reference area)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Moldova Noua (mining area M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Moldova Noua (mining area M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Ruschita (mining area R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Ruschita (mining area R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Borlova reference area (Ref)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Borlova reference area (Ref)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Moldova Noua old mining area (M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Moldova Noua old mining area (M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Ruschita old mining area (R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Ruschita old mining area (R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldAltıkulaç et al. 2025	Group I2021–2022Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldAssaad et al. 2020	Damour (site A), communal allotment, spring 20182018Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 5,600 µg/kg (minimum); 7,700 µg/kg (minimum); 20,300 µg/kg (maximum); 21,600 µg/kg (maximum)
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	min.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	min.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	max.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	max.
Parsley, as soldIessa et al. 2024	leafy vegetable, Sebha local market, 20232023Dry weight	not detected.
Parsley, as soldMatloob 2016	all samples (5 samples per spice, Babil shops)Collection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Autumn 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Spring 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Summer 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Winter 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC1, packaged/purchased sampleCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC2, packaged/purchased sampleCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC3, wild-collected (spontaneous flora, Galati County)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldTodorovska 2023	unit 1 (herb)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	sample value.
Parsley, as soldTodorovska 2023	unit 2 (herb)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	sample value.
Parsley, as soldTodorovska 2023	unit 3 (herb)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	sample value.
1 finding · 1 study
Parsley, driedDghaim et al. 2015	all samples (local and imported)Collection date unreportedDry weight	range.

23 findings · 8 studies
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Borlova (reference area)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Borlova (reference area)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Moldova Noua (mining area M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Moldova Noua (mining area M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Ruschita (mining area R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Ruschita (mining area R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Borlova reference area (Ref)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Borlova reference area (Ref)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Moldova Noua old mining area (M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Moldova Noua old mining area (M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Ruschita old mining area (R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Ruschita old mining area (R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldAltıkulaç et al. 2025	Group I2021–2022Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldAssaad et al. 2020	Damour (site A), communal allotment, spring 20182018Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldMatloob 2016	all samples (5 samples per spice, Babil shops)Collection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldYounis et al. 2023	locally grown, Erbil main vegetable marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Autumn 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Spring 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Summer 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Winter 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC1, packaged/purchased sampleCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC2, packaged/purchased sampleCollection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldMarinescu et al. 2020	PC3, wild-collected (spontaneous flora, Galati County)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	mean.
1 finding · 1 study
Parsley, driedDghaim et al. 2015	all samples (local and imported)Collection date unreportedDry weight	range.

22 findings · 8 studies · 4 spread figures folded in
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Borlova (reference area)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Borlova (reference area)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Moldova Noua (mining area M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Moldova Noua (mining area M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Ruschita (mining area R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Ruschita (mining area R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Borlova reference area (Ref)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Borlova reference area (Ref)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Moldova Noua old mining area (M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Moldova Noua old mining area (M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Ruschita old mining area (R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Ruschita old mining area (R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldAltıkulaç et al. 2025	Group I2021–2022Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldAssaad et al. 2020	Damour (site A), communal allotment, spring 20182018Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 17,000 µg/kg (minimum); 12,000 µg/kg (minimum); 63,000 µg/kg (maximum); 48,000 µg/kg (maximum)
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	min.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	min.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	max.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	max.
Parsley, as soldMatloob 2016	all samples (5 samples per spice, Babil shops)Collection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldYounis et al. 2023	locally grown, Erbil main vegetable marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Autumn 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Spring 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Summer 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Winter 20242024Basis not stated	mean.

31 findings · 12 studies · 6 spread figures folded in
Parsley, as soldAbdolahpour et al. 2023	Babol County fields2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	not detected.
Parsley, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	not detected.
Parsley, as soldĆwieląg-Drabek et al. 2020	allotment gardens in four zones of Silesia Province near Zn-Pb2013–2017As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 11,900 µg/kg (minimum); 57,700 µg/kg (maximum)
Parsley, as soldĆwieląg-Drabek et al. 2020	allotment gardens in four zones of Silesia Province near Zn-Pb2013–2017As sold / fresh	min.
Parsley, as soldĆwieląg-Drabek et al. 2020	allotment gardens in four zones of Silesia Province near Zn-Pb2013–2017As sold / fresh	max.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Borlova (reference area)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Borlova (reference area)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Moldova Noua (mining area M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Moldova Noua (mining area M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Ruschita (mining area R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldGergen et al. 2012	Ruschita (mining area R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Borlova reference area (Ref)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Borlova reference area (Ref)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Moldova Noua old mining area (M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Moldova Noua old mining area (M)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Ruschita old mining area (R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldHarmanescu et al. 2011	Ruschita old mining area (R)Collection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	mean.
Parsley, as soldAltıkulaç et al. 2025	Group I2021–2022Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldAssaad et al. 2020	Damour (site A), communal allotment, spring 20182018Dry weight	sample value.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	mean.Same samples: 37,000 µg/kg (minimum); 27,000 µg/kg (minimum); 85,000 µg/kg (maximum); 89,000 µg/kg (maximum)
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	min.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	min.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	max.
Parsley, as soldauthors 2025	16 allotment gardens, Warsaw2022–2023Dry weight	max.
Parsley, as soldMatloob 2016	all samples (5 samples per spice, Babil shops)Collection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldYounis et al. 2023	locally grown, Erbil main vegetable marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Autumn 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Spring 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Summer 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldEslami et al. 2026	Winter 20242024Basis not stated	mean.
Parsley, as soldTodorovska 2023	unit 1 (herb)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	sample value.
Parsley, as soldTodorovska 2023	unit 2 (herb)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	sample value.
Parsley, as soldTodorovska 2023	unit 3 (herb)Collection date unreportedBasis not stated	sample value.
1 finding · 1 study
Parsley, driedDghaim et al. 2015	all samples (local and imported)Collection date unreportedDry weight	range.

1 finding · 1 study
Parsley, as soldAltıkulaç et al. 2025	Group I2021–2022Dry weight	sample value.

1 finding · 1 study
Parsley, as soldYounis et al. 2023	locally grown, Erbil main vegetable marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	not detected.

4 findings · 1 study
Parsley, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	not detected.
Parsley, as soldBora et al. 2022	amateur farmers; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	not detected.
Parsley, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	not detected.
Parsley, as soldBora et al. 2022	vegetable and fruit market; washed with tap water2021As sold / fresh	not detected.

1 finding · 1 study
Parsley, as soldAssaad et al. 2020	Damour (site A), communal allotment, spring 20182018Dry weight	sample value.

6 findings · 1 study
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality I (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality II (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality III (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality IV (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality V (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality VI (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.

1 finding · 1 study
Parsley, as soldHuang et al. 2014	Zhejiang vegetable type2012As sold / fresh	mean.

6 findings · 1 study
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality I (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality II (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality III (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality IV (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality V (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality VI (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.

6 findings · 1 study
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality I (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality II (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality III (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality IV (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality V (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality VI (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.

6 findings · 1 study
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality I (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality II (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality III (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality IV (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality V (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.
Parsley, as soldNikolić et al. 2014	locality VI (green markets, Novi Sad)2011Dry weight	mean.

1 finding · 1 study
Parsley, as soldAltıkulaç et al. 2025	Group I2021–2022Dry weight	sample value.

1 finding · 1 study
Parsley, as soldAltıkulaç et al. 2025	Group I2021–2022Dry weight	sample value.

Shared dataset methods and interpretation

Source summaries retain their original statistic, material, basis and censoring. Each source drawer identifies methods and overlapping samples. No matched reference or pooled distribution is inferred.

HMI parsley Pb reference · Parsley, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI parsley Pb reference · Parsley, as sold. Parsley, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	19.3–25 (bounded)	27.5–35 (bounded)	44.5–47.7 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	18.6–21.1 (bounded)	27–32.1 (bounded)	39.4–46 (bounded)

44 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	44	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for parsley, as sold on this basis in the completed parsley ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-524c0876f0ac:63fe48deb3a4

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley Pb reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI parsley Pb reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight. Parsley, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	280	3110	5100
Alternative weighting	280	3110	5100

11 reference units; 3 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	9	33%
Altıkulaç et al. 2025	1	33%
Assaad et al. 2020	1	33%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

3 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-23f53af915de:939c2248bec5

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley Cd reference · Parsley, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI parsley Cd reference · Parsley, as sold. Parsley, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	10–12 (bounded)	13	13
Alternative weighting	9.88–10.5 (bounded)	13	13

32 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	31	50%
Dearing et al. 2025	1	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-12a957f0d3ed:a1ec155140dd

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley Cd reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI parsley Cd reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight. Parsley, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	160	482	800
Alternative weighting	160	482	800

10 reference units; 3 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	8	33%
Altıkulaç et al. 2025	1	33%
Assaad et al. 2020	1	33%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

3 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-d112f3c51d57:4e0d190b3edc

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley tAs reference · Parsley, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI parsley tAs reference · Parsley, as sold. Parsley, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤14	7.46–30.8 (bounded)	39–160 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	≤14	7.5–30.8 (bounded)	38–184 (bounded)

30 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	30	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for parsley, as sold on this basis in the completed parsley ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-b52d81f7cbf6:dbd23e545876

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley tAs reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI parsley tAs reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight. Parsley, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	900	1820	2740
Alternative weighting	900	1820	2740

2 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Altıkulaç et al. 2025	1	50%
Assaad et al. 2020	1	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-a29c8a739958:45c7359ff215

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley iAs reference · Parsley, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI parsley iAs reference · Parsley, as sold. Parsley, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	150	150	150
Alternative weighting	150	150	150

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for parsley, as sold on this basis in the completed parsley ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-ce5b75efb20f:8b62fb347b09

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley tHg reference · Parsley, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI parsley tHg reference · Parsley, as sold. Parsley, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤1.2	≤3	≤6.79
Alternative weighting	≤1.2	≤3	≤6.79

13 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	13	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for parsley, as sold on this basis in the completed parsley ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-56ab4845c453:9552d754c8e5

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley tHg reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI parsley tHg reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight. Parsley, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	6.4	6.4	6.4
Alternative weighting	6.4	6.4	6.4

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Fischer et al. 2022	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Fischer et al. 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for parsley, as sold on this basis in the completed parsley ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Fischer et al. 2022

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-49a0a9f34862:67dd54af693a

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley Ni reference · Parsley, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI parsley Ni reference · Parsley, as sold. Parsley, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	155	155	155
Alternative weighting	155	155	155

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Dearing et al. 2025	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Dearing et al. 2025 is the only compatible sampling family for parsley, as sold on this basis in the completed parsley ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Dearing et al. 2025

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-a83b69f9ee82:e609d4a19d3a

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley Ni reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI parsley Ni reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight. Parsley, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	2950	14400	25800
Alternative weighting	2950	14400	25800

2 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Altıkulaç et al. 2025	1	50%
Assaad et al. 2020	1	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-87c75ba53484:45c79406afbb

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley Cr reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI parsley Cr reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight. Parsley, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	1500	2750	4000
Alternative weighting	1500	2750	4000

2 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Altıkulaç et al. 2025	1	50%
Assaad et al. 2020	1	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-c1ea6984b358:bfb5e7c74c3a

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley Al reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI parsley Al reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight. Parsley, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	74800	74800	74800
Alternative weighting	74800	74800	74800

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Altıkulaç et al. 2025	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Altıkulaç et al. 2025 is the only compatible sampling family for parsley, as sold on this basis in the completed parsley ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Altıkulaç et al. 2025

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-4f13aaee69db:3b0a39f39f1e

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley Co reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI parsley Co reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight. Parsley, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	614	4960	9300
Alternative weighting	614	4960	9300

2 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Altıkulaç et al. 2025	1	50%
Assaad et al. 2020	1	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-e3a78e4b287a:2121d2811703

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley Cu reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI parsley Cu reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight. Parsley, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	6750	9020	11300
Alternative weighting	6750	9020	11300

2 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Altıkulaç et al. 2025	1	50%
Assaad et al. 2020	1	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-e0c7d6c706bf:c1e87a622715

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley Fe reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI parsley Fe reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight. Parsley, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	4300	57400	110000
Alternative weighting	4300	57400	110000

2 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Altıkulaç et al. 2025	1	50%
Assaad et al. 2020	1	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-0ebf1fa8b342:0e5a8d1bd3c9

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley Mn reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI parsley Mn reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight. Parsley, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	51400	191000	330000
Alternative weighting	51400	191000	330000

2 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Altıkulaç et al. 2025	1	50%
Assaad et al. 2020	1	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-c8ca4c5209eb:adac827da0fa

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley Zn reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI parsley Zn reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight. Parsley, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	13500	91300	169000
Alternative weighting	13500	91300	169000

2 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Altıkulaç et al. 2025	1	50%
Assaad et al. 2020	1	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-2f9e5990d655:a07bbde3126e

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley V reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI parsley V reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight. Parsley, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	3960	3960	3960
Alternative weighting	3960	3960	3960

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Altıkulaç et al. 2025	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Altıkulaç et al. 2025 is the only compatible sampling family for parsley, as sold on this basis in the completed parsley ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Altıkulaç et al. 2025

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-ac7b0beeb965:3fa7e5bc97d0

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley Ba reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI parsley Ba reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight. Parsley, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	59900	59900	59900
Alternative weighting	59900	59900	59900

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Assaad et al. 2020	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Assaad et al. 2020 is the only compatible sampling family for parsley, as sold on this basis in the completed parsley ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Assaad et al. 2020

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-7e92c412a14d:04b1e4029b00

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley Sr reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI parsley Sr reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight. Parsley, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	36900	36900	36900
Alternative weighting	36900	36900	36900

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Altıkulaç et al. 2025	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Altıkulaç et al. 2025 is the only compatible sampling family for parsley, as sold on this basis in the completed parsley ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Altıkulaç et al. 2025

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-016040dd5036:77f0b94a9615

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI parsley Ti reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI parsley Ti reference · Parsley, as sold, dry weight. Parsley, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	5460	5460	5460
Alternative weighting	5460	5460	5460

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Altıkulaç et al. 2025	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for parsley, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Altıkulaç et al. 2025 is the only compatible sampling family for parsley, as sold on this basis in the completed parsley ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Altıkulaç et al. 2025

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:parsley-e5b7d3387eda:e0dafcac8fce

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

How metals reach parsley

The evidence on how metals reach parsley comes from studies that compared exposed and ordinary settings. Parsley, as sold from Ruschita (mining area R) (mining-affected area) had lead higher at 15,800 µg/kg, against 280 µg/kg for Borlova (reference area) in the same study.^{5Iosif Gergen, Monica Harmanescu · 2012Application of principal component analysis in the pollution assessment with heavy metals of vegetable food chain in the old mining areasChemistry Central Journal6:156Read source →} In another study, parsley, as sold from Ruschita old mining area (R) (mining-affected area) had lead higher at 15,800 µg/kg, against 280 µg/kg for Borlova reference area (Ref) in the same study.^{11Harmanescu M, Alda LM, Bordean DM, Gogoasa I, Gergen I · 2011Heavy metals health risk assessment for population via consumption of vegetables grown in old mining area; a case study: Banat County, RomaniaChemistry Central Journal 2011, 5:64Read source →} A third study found that parsley, as sold from grown independently had total mercury higher at 7.62 µg/kg, against 6.72 µg/kg for all samples in the same study.^{12Fischer A, Brodziak-Dopierała B · 2022The Mercury Concentration in Spice PlantsProcessesRead source →}

These are observational comparisons from single studies; the size of the difference depends on the site, metal and distance.

Which forms and regions measured lower

The HMI reference for lead in parsley, as sold pools 11 subgroup units from 3 sampling families, with a median of 3,110 µg/kg and a middle half spanning 280 (lower quartile) and 5,100 µg/kg (upper quartile).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{13Altıkulaç A, Turhan Ş, Altuner EM, Şekeroğlu B, Kurnaz A · 2025Evaluation of Health Risks Associated with Potential Toxic Elements in Selected Vegetables Consumed in the Western Black Sea Region of TurkeyACS Omega 2025, 10, 8843-8858Read source →}^{14Assaad N, Fadel D, Argyraki A, Kypritidou Z, Bakir A, Awad E · 2020Heavy Metals Accumulation in the Edible Vegetables of Lebanese Tabbouli SaladJournal of Agricultural Science 12(7):155-162Read source →} For lead in parsley, as sold, the reference median was between 27.5 and 35 µg/kg, with a middle half from between 19.3 and 25 to between 44.5 and 47.7 µg/kg across 44 units.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} For cadmium in parsley, as sold, the reference median was 482 µg/kg, with a middle half from 160 to 800 µg/kg across 10 units.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{13Altıkulaç A, Turhan Ş, Altuner EM, Şekeroğlu B, Kurnaz A · 2025Evaluation of Health Risks Associated with Potential Toxic Elements in Selected Vegetables Consumed in the Western Black Sea Region of TurkeyACS Omega 2025, 10, 8843-8858Read source →}^{14Assaad N, Fadel D, Argyraki A, Kypritidou Z, Bakir A, Awad E · 2020Heavy Metals Accumulation in the Edible Vegetables of Lebanese Tabbouli SaladJournal of Agricultural Science 12(7):155-162Read source →}

Among GEMS/Food reporting regions, parsley, as sold had the lowest lead subgroup median in SEARO (20 µg/kg) and the highest in PAHO (370 µg/kg); reporting regions are markets, not growing areas.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} For cadmium, the lowest regional median was in EMRO (15.3 µg/kg) and the highest in EURO (190 µg/kg).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

Targeted parsley, as sold samples in PAHO had lead higher at 86.7 µg/kg, against 21.8 µg/kg for PAHO in the same study.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} In another study, targeted parsley, as sold samples in EURO had cadmium lower at 5 µg/kg, against 190 µg/kg for EURO in the same study.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

In one study, lead across 6 groups of parsley ranged from 20 µg/kg (locality III (green markets, Novi Sad)) to 6,000 µg/kg (locality VI (green markets, Novi Sad)); the lowest is the lowest observed in that study, not an established sourcing preference.^{15Nikolić NP, Borišev MK, Pajević SP, Arsenov DD, Župunski MD · 2014Comparative assessment of mineral elements and heavy metals accumulation in vegetable speciesFood and Feed Research 41(2): 115-123, 2014Read source →}

Processing, cooking and preparation

No processing study for metals in this food is in the library yet.

Mitigation for parsley

Lot testing against the applicable limit is the check that can be verified.

No measured way to lower metals in this food is in the library yet.

Trade-offs and limits of controls

Avoiding exposed growing areas lowered the metal measured in the studies available, but no study measured the cost or supply effect of doing so.^{5Iosif Gergen, Monica Harmanescu · 2012Application of principal component analysis in the pollution assessment with heavy metals of vegetable food chain in the old mining areasChemistry Central Journal6:156Read source →} Metals do not move together, so a lot that passes a lead limit says little about cadmium, arsenic or nickel unless those are tested as well.

Testing parsley for metals

Results depend on the method and its reporting limit. Reporting limits for lead ranged from 0.83 µg/kg (Altıkulaç et al. 2025) to 1,300 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{13Altıkulaç A, Turhan Ş, Altuner EM, Şekeroğlu B, Kurnaz A · 2025Evaluation of Health Risks Associated with Potential Toxic Elements in Selected Vegetables Consumed in the Western Black Sea Region of TurkeyACS Omega 2025, 10, 8843-8858Read source →} Reporting limits for cadmium ranged from 0.64 µg/kg (Altıkulaç et al. 2025) to 200 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{13Altıkulaç A, Turhan Ş, Altuner EM, Şekeroğlu B, Kurnaz A · 2025Evaluation of Health Risks Associated with Potential Toxic Elements in Selected Vegetables Consumed in the Western Black Sea Region of TurkeyACS Omega 2025, 10, 8843-8858Read source →} Reporting limits for total arsenic ranged from 2.79 µg/kg (Altıkulaç et al. 2025) to 500 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{13Altıkulaç A, Turhan Ş, Altuner EM, Şekeroğlu B, Kurnaz A · 2025Evaluation of Health Risks Associated with Potential Toxic Elements in Selected Vegetables Consumed in the Western Black Sea Region of TurkeyACS Omega 2025, 10, 8843-8858Read source →}

A useful lot result names the form, the basis and a quantification limit well below the limit that applies.

Buying and verifying parsley

No maximum level for metals in parsley was verified from primary text for this page; buyers should confirm the limit that applies in the destination market.

Exposure from parsley

No source in the library converted parsley concentrations into a verified estimate of intake for a defined population. Concentrations describe the food, not individual risk.

Evidence review and remaining gaps

Every source record that names parsley was decided on its content: 26 occurrence extracted, 26 records in all. The occurrence table renders every extracted result; held values remain visible with their reason.

References identify the sources used in these answers. The Sources index preserves additional discovery links; inclusion there does not mean a source has been reviewed for this assessment. Corrections, completed searches, new direct evidence and changes in requirements should reopen the relevant answer.

Parsley FAQs

What heavy metals are found in parsley?

The library reports lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V, Ag, As, Ba, Ca, Hg, K, Mg, P, Sr and Ti in parsley, most often lead, cadmium and total arsenic.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2Abdolahpour Alamdari H, Sleman Ali H, Sadighara P, Jahed Khaniki G, Shahsavanpoor Landeh K, Dehghani MH · 2023The health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables grown in Babol city, IranInternational Archives of Health SciencesRead source →}^{3Bora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, Bunea CI · 2022Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaHorticulturaeRead source →}^{4Ćwieląg-Drabek, M., Piekut, A., Gut, K., Grabowski, M. · 2020Risk of cadmium, lead and zinc exposure from consumption of vegetables produced in areas with mining and smelting pastScientific ReportsRead source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in parsley, as sold from 1,717 results in 4 reporting regions, with subgroup medians from 20 to 370 µg/kg.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

How do heavy metals get into parsley?

In the studies available, parsley from contaminated or exposed settings carried more metal than parsley from the same study’s control.^{5Iosif Gergen, Monica Harmanescu · 2012Application of principal component analysis in the pollution assessment with heavy metals of vegetable food chain in the old mining areasChemistry Central Journal6:156Read source →} Parsley, as sold from Borlova (reference area) (mining-affected area) had lead higher at 280 µg/kg, against 80 µg/kg for Borlova (reference area) in the same study.^{5Iosif Gergen, Monica Harmanescu · 2012Application of principal component analysis in the pollution assessment with heavy metals of vegetable food chain in the old mining areasChemistry Central Journal6:156Read source →}

Which regions report the lowest levels in parsley?

Among GEMS/Food reporting regions, parsley, as sold had the lowest lead subgroup median in SEARO (20 µg/kg) and the highest in PAHO (370 µg/kg); reporting regions are markets, not growing areas.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} For cadmium, the lowest regional median was in EMRO (15.3 µg/kg) and the highest in EURO (190 µg/kg).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

How much of the arsenic in parsley is inorganic?

Inorganic arsenic, the more toxic form, was measured in 2 results from 2 sources, far fewer than total arsenic.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{16European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →} European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2014 reported inorganic arsenic at 7.9 µg/kg (mean) in parsley, as sold from European dietary-survey occurrence data.^{16European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →}

References

Works cited on this page, in citation-number order. See Sources for this page’s source inventory. Each title links to a source record with bibliographic details, reported findings, and document provenance.

GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsWorld Health Organization · GEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme · 2026 · extranet.who.intDataset
The health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables grown in Babol city, IranAbdolahpour Alamdari H, Sleman Ali H, Sadighara P, Jahed Khaniki G, Shahsavanpoor Landeh K, and Dehghani MH · International Archives of Health Sciences · 2023 · doi.org/10.48307/IAHSJ.2023.177176Peer-reviewed
Quantification and Reduction in Heavy Metal Residues in Some Fruits and Vegetables: A Case Study Galați County, RomaniaBora FD, Bunea A, Pop SR, Banita SI, Dusa DS, Chira A, et al. · Horticulturae · 2022 · doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111034Peer-reviewed
Risk of cadmium, lead and zinc exposure from consumption of vegetables produced in areas with mining and smelting pastĆwieląg-Drabek, M., Piekut, A., Gut, K., and Grabowski, M. · Scientific Reports · 2020 · doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60386-8Peer-reviewed
Application of principal component analysis in the pollution assessment with heavy metals of vegetable food chain in the old mining areasIosif Gergen and Monica Harmanescu · Chemistry Central Journal6:156 · 2012 · doi.org/10.1186/1752-153x-6-156Peer-reviewed
Heavy metals in vegetables and potential risk for human healthGuerra F, Trevizam AR, Muraoka T, Marcante NC, and Canniatti-Brazaca SG · Scientia Agricola 69(1):54-60 · 2012 · doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162012000100008Peer-reviewed
Assessment of Heavy Metals in Organic and Non-Organic Vegetables Post Severe Tropical Cyclone Gabrielle: A cross-sectional comparative analysisDearing C, Ye Z, and Robertshaw G · F1000Research · 2025 · doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.175538.1Peer-reviewed
Health risk assessment of cadmium and lead in root vegetables from retail and private cultivation in the Silesian Province, south-west PolandOsmala-Kurpiewska W, Niesler A, and Piekut AK · Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu 2026, Tom 32, Nr 3, 220-226 · 2026 · doi.org/10.26444/monz/225643Peer-reviewed
Assessment of the Concentrations of some Heavy Metals in some Vegetables Traded in the Local Market in Sebha City - LibyaIessa KR and Hamdan M · JATAED: Journal of Appropriate Technology for Agriculture, Environment, and Development, Volume 1, Number 2 · 2024 · doi.org/10.62671/jataed.v1i2.32Peer-reviewed
Heavy metals in vegetables and the health risk to population in Zhejiang, ChinaHuang Z, Pan XD, Wu PG, Han JL, and Chen Q · Food Control · 2014 · doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.08.036Peer-reviewed
Heavy metals health risk assessment for population via consumption of vegetables grown in old mining area; a case study: Banat County, RomaniaHarmanescu M, Alda LM, Bordean DM, Gogoasa I, and Gergen I · Chemistry Central Journal 2011, 5:64 · 2011 · doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-5-64Peer-reviewed
The Mercury Concentration in Spice PlantsFischer A and Brodziak-Dopierała B · Processes · 2022 · doi.org/10.3390/pr10101954Peer-reviewed
Evaluation of Health Risks Associated with Potential Toxic Elements in Selected Vegetables Consumed in the Western Black Sea Region of TurkeyAltıkulaç A, Turhan Ş, Altuner EM, Şekeroğlu B, and Kurnaz A · ACS Omega 2025, 10, 8843-8858 · 2025 · doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c08152Peer-reviewed
Heavy Metals Accumulation in the Edible Vegetables of Lebanese Tabbouli SaladAssaad N, Fadel D, Argyraki A, Kypritidou Z, Bakir A, and Awad E · Journal of Agricultural Science 12(7):155-162 · 2020 · doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n7p155Peer-reviewed
Comparative assessment of mineral elements and heavy metals accumulation in vegetable speciesNikolić NP, Borišev MK, Pajević SP, Arsenov DD, and Župunski MD · Food and Feed Research 41(2): 115-123, 2014 · 2014 · doi.org/10.5937/ffr1402115nPeer-reviewed
Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEuropean Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597 · 2014 · doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3597Government

Sources

Browse Parsley Sources for sources cited on this page and additional discovery candidates. The searchable index distinguishes verified citation use from discovery relationships whose relevance has not been established.

Update history

22 October 2026: Rebuilt from every parsley record in the library: 26 occurrence sources, references by form and basis, same-study contrasts.

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