Onions
FSA/Fera measured this ingredient or non-infant-specific food composite in Table 6 of the FS102048 survey. Exact concentration values remain in progress until Table 6 is parsed into structured ingredient rows with less-than and semi-quantitative flags preserved. fsa2016-infant-food-formula-metals-survey
Heavy metal contamination profile
Per-analyte snapshot derived from the machine-readable contamination_profile in the frontmatter above. data gap indicates the literature has been reviewed for this commodity-analyte combination and no usable occurrence data was found (a finding, not a placeholder). The Key sources column is populated by the per-metal body sections below where they exist; an automated Phase 3 enrichment will lift attributions into this table.
| Analyte | Coverage | Typical (ppb) | p95 (ppb) | Confidence | Key sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb | n=2 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| Cd | n=2 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| iAs | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| tAs | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| tHg | n=2 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| Ni | n=2 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| Al | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| Cr | n=2 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| Sn | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
| U | n=1 (in progress) | — | — | — | — |
Routing
This node is linked from the ingredient index and source routing list.
Contamination Profile State
The machine-readable contamination profile is in_progress. Ingredient-level values belong here once parsed; finished-product values belong on the relevant product-category page.
FDA TDS FY2018-FY2020 Evidence
FDA’s FY2018-FY2020 Total Diet Study dataset includes this page’s routed matrix as TDS Food 128, “Onion, mature, raw.” The normalized row-level data is stored in data/evidence/fda_tds_fy2018_2020_element_results_samples.csv, with per-food/per-analyte summaries in data/evidence/fda_tds_fy2018_2020_summary_by_food_analyte.csv. Concentrations are retained as FDA reported them, with reporting limits preserved separately; reported zeroes are not rewritten as <LOD without a source-specific rule. fda2022-tds-elements-fy2018-fy2020
FDA TDS FY2018-FY2020 Occurrence Values
FDA Total Diet Study FY2018-FY2020 reports prepared/composite-food concentration distributions for this ingredient as TDS food “Onion, mature, raw” (fda2022-tds-elements-fy2018-fy2020). Values are in ppb-equivalent on the basis FDA reported. The full sample-level data are stored in data/evidence/fda_tds_fy2018_2020_element_results_samples.csv; per-analyte distributions in data/evidence/fda_tds_fy2018_2020_summary_by_food_analyte.csv. These distributions count as one source under persistent-wiki-ingest-rule synthesis discipline; numerical values stay in body scratch until a second independent source is integrated.
| Metal | n | min | p10 | p50 | p90 | p95 | max | Schema |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cd | 27 | 2.3 | 2.94 | 5.6 | 13.8 | 20.6 | 26 | in profile |
| Cr | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | in profile |
| Ni | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58.6 | 85 | 100 | in profile |
| Pb | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7.4 | in profile |
| U | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | in profile |
| tAs | 27 | 0 | 0 | 4.2 | 8.6 | 10.28 | 15 | in profile |
| tHg | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | in profile |
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The “Used on this page for” column is populated by the orchestrator’s POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | FDA 2022. FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical Results, FDA Total Diet Study | 2022 | Government dataset | Primary occurrence data for Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, U, tAs, and tHg in raw onion (TDS food item; n varies by analyte) |
| 2 | Ametepey et al. 2018. Determination of heavy metals in selected vegetables from markets in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana, International Journal of Food Contamination | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | Measured Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni in spring onion from three markets in Tamale, Ghana (n=15 onion samples); West African occurrence context |
| 3 | Codex 1995. General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (CXS 193-1995), Codex Alimentarius (Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme) | 1995 | Government report | Codex international Cd and Pb maximum levels applicable to onion and other vegetable matrices |