Spices
Source-grounded narrative on this page is populated incrementally from the routed source pages per CLAUDE.md Part 9; the evidence-summary table is regenerated by the source-routing layer as sources accumulate.
Who this page is for
This page is for brand legal, retailer-compliance, regulator, and HMTc staff readers who need the current literature record for Spices. It is a public evidence surface, not a certification-threshold table. Brand and retailer readers should use it to see which cited sources actually support this product row, while HMTc staff should use it to keep row fit, market, basis, and analyte species visible before any standards-workbench use.
Methodology
This page follows the Part 6 product-page rules: values stay in the source-reported basis, non-detect handling follows the source, and analyte species are not substituted. Produce and food evidence is kept jurisdiction- and market-aware, with fresh, dried, canned, infused, or processed forms separated when basis changes. Public wiki prose summarizes the literature; percentile math and HMTc candidate limits remain in the staff workbench.
Literature Evidence Summary
Literature Evidence Summary
The table below summarizes what the peer-reviewed and government literature cited on this page reports for heavy-metal concentrations in Spices. Values are pulled directly from cited sources without re-aggregation; pooling, percentile selection, and threshold math sit in the staff Standards Workbench rather than this public page.
Methodology rules for speciation, basis preservation, non-detect handling, and source pooling are stated in the Methodology section above and apply to every row below.
| Analyte | Subcategory | Reported concentration range | Detection rate | Applicable regulatory cap | Sources | Confidence | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb | Spices (no contributing evidence loaded) | No concentration data loaded for this analyte | Sample-level detection rate not reported | 600 ppb | 0 | data gap | Basis not reported |
| Cd | Spices (no contributing evidence loaded) | No concentration data loaded for this analyte | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 0 | data gap | Basis not reported |
| tAs | Spices (no contributing evidence loaded) | No concentration data loaded for this analyte | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 0 | data gap | Basis not reported |
| Cr | Spices (no contributing evidence loaded) | No concentration data loaded for this analyte | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 0 | data gap | Basis not reported |
Source Evidence Inventory
Routed sources are still sparse, so this page preserves the product row and waits for the source-routing layer to add citations. At this synthesis stage, the inventory is used to distinguish direct finished-product occurrence data from broader dietary, ingredient, exposure, or review context. Sources that do not resolve product form, jurisdiction, basis, or analyte species remain visible here but should not be treated as benchmark-ready rows until structured extraction and routing confirm fit.
Broad Product Context: Author-Scope Index
Pending: regenerated by tools/evidence/apply-product-broad-context.mjs once broad-scope sources route to this page.
Federal/Regulatory Limits vs Field Findings
Pending: regenerated by tools/apply-product-crosswalk-sections.mjs once applicable_regulations are identified and field-finding evidence is pooled.
Levers to reduce contamination
The practical control levers for Spices start with product identity and lot-level evidence: keep the product form, ingredient contributors, market, and analytical basis attached to each test result. Sourcing and formulation controls should focus on ingredients or mineral/colorant/botanical inputs named by the routed sources, while finished-product testing remains the check on combined formulation, processing, and packaging effects. Where the current sources are review or exposure-context sources, the immediate lever is better row-specific occurrence testing rather than broad cross-category inference.
How standards math uses this page
The percentile arithmetic that informs HMTc thresholds lives in data/workbench/standards/spices.md (the staff snapshot). This public page reports literature evidence; the staff workbench applies the methodology in CLAUDE.md Part 19 to produce candidate threshold values. The gap between literature-baseline and HMTc threshold is named honestly on the workbench, not hidden.
Historical recalls and enforcement
No row-specific public recall or enforcement synthesis has been promoted for Spices in this pass. Regulatory references on this page should be read as context unless a source ties an event to this exact product scope and analyte. Future enforcement prose should remain event-framed and should not convert source mentions into brand rankings.
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The “Used on this page for” column is populated by the orchestrator’s POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ANSES 2026. Opinion of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety on the results of the Third French Total Diet Study (TDS3) - Acrylamide, aluminium, silver, cadmium, mercury and lead, ANSES Opinion, Request No 2019-SA-0010 | 2026 | Government report | FR Al, Ag, Cd, Pb, tHg, iHg, MeHg occurrence in French TDS3 foods selected from 276 foods across 44 groups, with 718 samples collected in Loiret, Puy-de-Dome, and… (n=718) |
| 2 | Gafner et al. 2026. A scoping review of turmeric adulteration based on data from six continents, Pharmaceutical Biology | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | global Pb, Cr occurrence in Commercial turmeric products (spice, dietary supplements, herbal medicines) from 48 publications across 22 countries on 6 continents, 2000-2025 (n=2235) |
| 3 | Bahrouna et al. 2025. Evaluation of Heavy Metals Contents in Spices Available on Zawia City`s Markets, University of Zawia Journal of Natural Sciences | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | LY Pb, Cd, tAs, Hg, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, Co, Cr occurrence in Thirteen mixed spice and seasoning samples purchased from local markets and spice shops in Zawia City, Libya, during… (n=13) |
| 4 | Yewbmirt et al. 2025. Analysis of Nigella sativa L. (Black Cumin) seeds for levels of heavy metals using FAAS: geospatial profiling and regional safety implications, Discover Chemistry | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | ET Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu, Zn occurrence in 81 Nigella sativa L. black cumin seed samples from Dejen, Gozamen, and Sinan districts of East Gojjam, Ethiopia;… (n=81) |
| 5 | Brima et al. 2025. Assessment of Human Health Risk Based on Analysis of Potentially Toxic Elements in African Foods Sold in the UK Market, African Journal of Agriculture and Food Science | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | GB tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in African foods and non-food additives sold in the UK market and consumed by African communities (n=152) |
| 6 | CFIA 2025. Toxic metals in selected foods – April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023: Food chemistry – Targeted surveys – Final report, Canadian Food Inspection Agency | 2025 | Government report | CA tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg concentrations (n=470) |
| 7 | Chime et al. 2025. Assessment of toxic trace metal contamination in food spices sold in Nigerian markets, World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Six coded commercial spice samples purchased from New Heaven market, Enugu, Nigeria, plus one scent leaf sample collected… (n=7) |
| 8 | Huff et al. 2025. Heavy metals in spices from Lancaster, PA: arsenic, cadmium, and lead exposure risks and the need for regulation, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd, tAs occurrence in 116 spice samples from Lancaster, PA and surrounding areas: 82 purchased from commercial stores (including three explicitly international… (n=116) |
| 9 | LHAAC 2025. Coordinated Sampling Project 41: Microbial and Heavy Metal Detections in Herbs and Spices, Local Health Authorities Analytical Committee, Edith Cowan University | 2025 | Government report | AU Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Al, Cr, Ni occurrence in Commercially available herbs and spices from retail food businesses across Western Australia; 23 local government areas; fresh herbs,… (n=380) |
| 10 | Masri et al. 2025. Assessing Dietary Consumption of Toxicant-Laden Foods and Beverages by Age and Ethnicity in California: Implications for Proposition 65, Nutrients | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd, tAs, MeHg occurrence in Cross-sectional online dietary survey (Qualtrics) administered between 1 March and 15 June 2023 to Southern California residents (adults… (n=186) |
| 11 | Sabri et al. 2025. Essential and Toxic Element Profiles in Selected Spices from Greater Casablanca, Morocco, World’s Veterinary Journal 15(4): 863-881 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | MA/EU/INTL Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni occurrence in 137 bulk spice samples (cinnamon n=37, cumin n=25, turmeric n=25, black pepper n=25, ginger n=25) purchased from local… (n=137) |
| 12 | Shah et al. 2025. Heavy Metal Contamination in Commercial Turmeric: A Public Health Perspective, COGNITION: A Peer Reviewed Transdisciplinary Research Journal | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NP Pb, Cr occurrence in Commercial turmeric samples collected from Itahari and Biratnagar, Nepal (n=7) |
| 13 | Tinggi et al. 2025. Heavy metal analysis in commercial spices and herbs by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and estimated dietary exposure, Journal of Environmental Exposure Assessment | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | AU/IN/CN Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Al, Cr occurrence in 69 dried commercial spice and herb samples (basil n=2, chilli n=14, cinnamon n=10, paprika n=11, black pepper n=13,… (n=69) |
| 14 | Wang et al. 2025. A Concave Nanogap for Ultrasensitive Aptamer-Based SERS Detection and In Situ Imaging of Heavy Metal Ions, Analytical Chemistry | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | tHg, Pb, Cd occurrence in Spiked water, herbal plant extracts, and zebrafish samples for SERS sensor validation |
| 15 | Cantoral et al. 2024. Lead Levels in the Most Consumed Mexican Foods: First Monitoring Effort, Toxics | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | MX Pb occurrence in 103 food, beverage, and spice samples purchased in Mexico City retail stores and markets, April 2022 to January… (n=103) |
| 16 | Carpena et al. 2024. Assessment of the Chemical Hazards in Herbs Consumed in Europe: Toxins, Heavy Metals, and Pesticide Residues, Proceedings (MDPI) — 1st International Electronic Conference on Toxics (IECTO2024) | 2024 | Review | EU Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in Narrative review and RASFF notification synthesis covering herbs and spices placed on the EU market, 2013–2023; no original… |
| 17 | FDA 2024. FDA Import Alert 99-42: Detention Without Physical Examination of Spices Due to Lead Contamination, FDA Import Alerts | 2024 | Regulatory | US Pb occurrence in Import shipments of spices at US ports of entry |
| 18 | Forsyth et al. 2024. Evidence of turmeric adulteration with lead chromate across South Asia, Science of the Total Environment | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IN/PK/LK Pb, Cr occurrence in Turmeric from wholesale and retail bazaars in 23 major cities across India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal (n=356) |
| 19 | Moussa et al. 2024. Impact of source, packaging and presence of food safety management system on heavy metals levels in spices and herbs, PLoS ONE | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | LB Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg occurrence in 96 composite samples (pooled from 480 individual samples; 5 brands per spice per category) of 13 dried herbs… (n=96) |
| 20 | Munarso et al. 2024. From bean to market: exploring the chemical and production dynamics of high-quality Indonesian vanilla, Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | ID Pb, Cd occurrence in Cured Vanilla planifolia bean samples collected May–August 2023 across seven Indonesian provinces (North Sumatra, Central Java, East Java,… |
| 21 | Osei-Safo et al. 2024. Trace and Heavy Metals in Locally and Imported Spices Sold on Markets in Accra Metropolis, Ghana, The Scientific World Journal | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | GH/IN/CN tAs, Pb, Cd occurrence in 90 spice samples (10 spice types × 3 markets × 3 sellers per market) purchased from Madina, Kaneshie,… (n=90) |
| 22 | Sargsyan et al. 2024. Rapid Market Screening to assess lead concentrations in consumer products across 25 low- and middle-income countries, Scientific Reports | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | AM/AZ/BD Pb occurrence in Loose processed spice samples collected during rapid market screening in 25 low- and middle-income countries (n=1084) |
| 23 | Troeschel et al. 2024. Investigation of Lead and Chromium Exposure After Consumption of Contaminated Cinnamon-Containing Applesauce — United States, November 2023–April 2024, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) | 2024 | Government report | US Pb, Cr occurrence in Cases of lead poisoning (BLL ≥3.5 µg/dL) reported to CDC following consumption of recalled WanaBana/Schnucks/Weis cinnamon-containing applesauce pouches,… (n=566) |
| 24 | Deka et al. 2023. Monitoring Strategies for Heavy Metals in Foods and Beverages: Limitations for Human Health Risks, IntechOpen (Heavy Metals – Recent Advances) | 2023 | Book chapter | IN Pb, Cd, tHg, Cr, Cr-VI, tAs, Ni, Al, Sb, Mn, Fe, Co, Ba, Be occurrence in Narrative review chapter; no primary samples. Surveys analytical and remediation literature for heavy metals across foods and beverages… |
| 25 | Dokubo et al. 2023. Heavy Metal Concentration and Human Health Risk Assessment of Selected Brands of Seasoning Powder Sold in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, tAs, Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, V occurrence in Four brands of commercially sold dry seasoning powder (coded SP1–SP4) purchased from retail shops in markets across Port… (n=4) |
| 26 | Inada 2023. Comparison of heavy metal regulations for herbal medicines across pharmacopoeias, Journal of Natural Medicines | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | JP/EU/US Pb, Cd, Hg, As occurrence in Regulatory limit compilation across 9 pharmacopoeias (Japanese, European, USP, Chinese, Korean, Taiwanese, Indian, British, WHO) |
| 27 | Islam et al. 2023. Heavy Metals Induced Health Risk Assessment Through Consumption of Selected Commercially Available Spices in Noakhali District of Bangladesh, medRxiv (preprint) | 2023 | Preprint | BD Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in 19 commercially-available spice samples (15 non-branded, 4 branded) collected from Sonapur and Maijdee marketplaces in Noakhali District, Bangladesh;… (n=19) |
| 28 | Patel et al. 2023. Evaluation of heavy metals in herbal plants growing in Singrauli Region of Madhya Pradesh, International Journal of Chemical and Biological Sciences | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe occurrence in Ginger rhizome, suran rhizome, and cumin seed samples collected from different locations within Singrauli region, Madhya Pradesh, India;… (n=3) |
| 29 | Pradhan 2023. Inductive coupled plasma analysis of Heracleum nepalense D. Don (Umbelliferae), Exploratory Animal and Medical Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cd, tAs, Hg, Al, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, U occurrence in Three ICP replicas from mature Heracleum nepalense fruit collected in Sikkim, India (n=3) |
| 30 | Salmani et al. 2023. Comparison of Essential and Toxic Metals Levels in some Herbal Teas: a Systematic Review, Biological Trace Element Research | 2023 | Review | IR/TR/CN Pb, Cd, tAs, Al, Cr, Ni concentrations (n=49) |
| 31 | ZeptoMetrix 2023. Heavy Metal Contamination of Hot Sauce and Chili Powder, SPEX Application Note (ZeptoMetrix) | 2023 | Industry | US Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, tHg occurrence in 7 chili powders (1 organic) and 6 hot sauces (1 organic) purchased at US dollar stores, farmer’s markets,… (n=13) |
| 32 | USDA 2023. China Releases the Standard for Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods (USDA FAS GAIN Report CH2023-0040, unofficial translation of GB 2762-2022), USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, Global Agricultural Information Network (GAIN), Report Number CH2023-0040 | 2023 | Regulation | CN Pb, Cd, tHg, MeHg, tAs, iAs, Sn, Ni, Cr occurrence in null |
| 33 | Winiarska-Mieczan et al. 2023. The Content of Cd and Pb in Herbs and Single-Component Spices Used in Polish Cuisine, Biological Trace Element Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Cd, Pb occurrence in Retail herbs and spices purchased within shelf-life from groceries in Lublin, eastern Poland; 9 dried herb species (n=100),… (n=432) |
| 34 | Zakrzewska et al. 2023. Reduction of bioavailability and phytotoxicity effect of cadmium in soil by microbial-induced carbonate precipitation using metabolites of ureolytic bacterium Ochrobactrum sp. POC9, Frontiers in Plant Science | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Cd occurrence in Pot experiments with Petroselinum crispum (root parsley) grown in Cd-contaminated agricultural soil supplemented with metabolites containing carbonates (MCC)… |
| 35 | Alam et al. 2022. Lead Exposure of Four Biologically Important Common Branded and Nonbranded Spices: Relative Analysis and Health Implication, Research Square (preprint) | 2022 | Preprint | BD Pb occurrence in 72 branded and nonbranded powdered spice samples (cumin, red pepper chili, turmeric, and coriander) collected from three local… (n=72) |
| 36 | Brown et al. 2022. Prevalence of elevated blood lead levels and risk factors among children living in Patna, Bihar, India 2020, PLOS Global Public Health | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cr occurrence in Household spice samples and child blood lead measurements from Patna, Bihar, India (n=132) |
| 37 | Cicero et al. 2022. Mineral and Microbiological Analysis of Spices and Aromatic Herbs, Foods | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | SA/IN/IR Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Al, Cr, Sn occurrence in 13 spice and aromatic herb samples purchased in an international market in Saudi Arabia, representing products from India,… (n=13) |
| 38 | Fischer et al. 2022. The Mercury Concentration in Spice Plants, Processes | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU tHg occurrence in Four leafy spice species (peppermint Mentha piperita, basil Ocimum basilicum, lovage Levisticum officinale, parsley Petroselinum crispum). Commercial products… (n=48) |
| 39 | Kumar et al. 2022. Lead (Pb) Contamination in Agricultural Products and Human Health Risk Assessment in Bangladesh, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 233:257 | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb occurrence in Published Pb concentration data for commonly consumed agricultural foods and food products in Bangladesh. (n=Literature survey covering three cereals, five pulses, ten fruits, and 34 vegetables/other agricultural food items) |
| 40 | Mercan 2022. Determination of Aflatoxin and Heavy Metal Levels in Some Spices Sold as Unpackaged in Van Province and Health Risks Assessment of Heavy Metals, Balikesir Health Sciences Journal | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | TR Ni, tAs, Cd, Pb, Al occurrence in 60 unpackaged spice samples sold in Van Province, Turkey: black pepper n=20, cumin n=20, and red pepper n=20. (n=60) |
| 41 | Mercan 2022. Determination of Aflatoxin and Heavy Metal Levels in Some Spices Sold as Unpackaged in Van Province and Health Risks Assessment of Heavy Metals, Balikesir Health Sciences Journal | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | TR Ni, tAs, Cd, Pb, Al occurrence in Unpackaged red pepper, black pepper, and cumin samples sold in Van province, Turkey (n=60) |
| 42 | Njinga et al. 2022. Major chemical carcinogens and health exposure risks in some therapeutic herbal plants in Nigeria, PLOS ONE | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Cr occurrence in Dried plant material of Adansonia digitata (baobab), Psidium guajava (guava), and Carica papaya (papaya) collected from Northern Nigeria… (n=3) |
| 43 | Gill et al. 2021. The Trouble With Spices: Heavy Metals in 15 Herbs and Spices, Consumer Reports | 2021 | NGO report | US Pb, Cd, tAs occurrence in 126 individual products covering 38 brands and 15 herb/spice types from the US retail market (n=126) |
| 44 | Sri et al. 2021. Determination of Arsenic Uptake Potential In an Edible Plant Species (Trigonellna Foenum- Granecum) and Assessment of Human Health Risk, Current World Environment | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | IN tAs occurrence in Laboratory-grown fenugreek seedlings treated for 10 days with arsenite or arsenate solutions at 1, 2, and 3 mg/L,… (n=21) |
| 45 | Kowalska 2021. The Safety Assessment of Toxic Metals in Commonly Used Herbs, Spices, Tea, and Coffee in Poland, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Cd, Pb, tAs, tHg occurrence in 240 plant material samples from eastern Poland: herbs (n=163), spices (n=61), China tea/green tea (n=8), Arabica roasted coffee… (n=240) |
| 46 | Rahman et al. 2021. Analysis of heavy metal contents in some commercial turmeric samples available at Dhaka, Bangladesh, Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn occurrence in Nine turmeric samples from Dhaka/Savar, Bangladesh: three unpacked bulk powders, three packed commercial powders, and three raw turmeric… (n=9) |
| 47 | Ibrahim 2020. Determination of trace element levels in flowers and leaves of vicia faba by ICP-MS, Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | TR Cr, Fe, Zn, Al, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn, Ni occurrence in Dried Vicia faba flowers and leaves analyzed as medicinal plant material in Turkey |
| 48 | Ericson et al. 2020. Elevated Levels of Lead (Pb) Identified in Georgian Spices, Annals of Global Health | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | GE Pb occurrence in Spice samples from 25 homes and four bazaars in Georgia, with additional household media assessed during a lead-exposure… (n=128) |
| 49 | Lech et al. 2020. Ground Turmeric as a Source of Lead Exposure in the United States, Environmental Health Perspectives | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb occurrence in Ground turmeric products purchased from retail outlets across the United States (n=127) |
| 50 | Marinescu et al. 2020. Assessment of heavy metals content in some medicinal plants and spices commonly used in Romania, Farmacia | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | RO tAs, Cd, Cu, Fe, tHg, Pb occurrence in Forty-two Romanian medicinal-plant and spice samples: six medicinal plant species and six culinary spice/herb species, including packaged and… (n=42) |
| 51 | Forsyth et al. 2019. Turmeric means ‘yellow’ in Bengali: Lead chromate pigments added to turmeric threaten public health across Bangladesh, Environmental Research | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb, Cr occurrence in Turmeric, pigments, dust, and soil from 9 major turmeric-producing districts plus Dhaka and Munshiganj, Bangladesh (n=524) |
| 52 | Bureau of Toxic Substance 2019. Technical Support Document for Derivation of Health-Based Guidance Values for Metals in Spices, New York State Department of Health | 2019 | Government report | US iAs, Cd, Cr-VI, Pb occurrence in Methodology document; no direct food-sampling data; uses FCID 2005-10 consumption data for children (0 to <7 years) and… |
| 53 | Savić et al. 2019. Determination of the mineral content of spices by ICP-OES, Advanced Technologies | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | RS Pb, Cd, Al, Ni, Cr occurrence in Ten spice samples available on the Serbian market: curcuma, star anise, cinnamon, ginger, coriander, cardamom, sesame, black pepper,… (n=10) |
| 54 | Angelon-Gaetz et al. 2018. Lead in Spices, Herbal Remedies, and Ceremonial Powders Sampled from Home Investigations for Children with Elevated Blood Lead Levels — North Carolina, 2011–2018, MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report | 2018 | Government report | US Pb occurrence in 386 spice, herbal-remedy, and ceremonial-powder samples (344 food, 42 nonfood) collected from 59 properties (6.0% of the 983… (n=386) |
| 55 | Adams et al. 2017. Genotoxic studies of cooked and uncooked processed spices using Allium cepa Test, International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni occurrence in Market-sold curry, thyme, suya, and pepper-soup spices purchased in Ogun State, Nigeria (n=4) |
| 56 | Bua et al. 2016. Heavy metals in aromatic spices by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | IT Cd, tHg, tAs, Pb occurrence in Seven cinnamon, curcuma, and ginger spice samples traded in the Italian market, with origins listed as Indonesia, Madagascar,… (n=7) |
| 57 | Matloob 2016. Using Stripping Voltammetry to Determine Heavy Metals in Cooking Spices Used in Iraq, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Co, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in 32 natural spice types sold in Babil, Iraq, five samples per spice (n=160) |
| 58 | Oladoye et al. 2016. Evaluation of Effects of Heavy Metal Contents of Some Common Spices Available in Odo-Ori Market, Iwo, Nigeria, Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | NG Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb occurrence in Eight spice samples purchased in October 2015 from a retail shop in Odo-Ori Market, Iwo, Nigeria: four natural… (n=8) |
| 59 | Dghaim et al. 2015. Determination of Heavy Metals Concentration in Traditional Herbs Commonly Consumed in the United Arab Emirates, Journal of Environmental and Public Health | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | AE Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn occurrence in Seven traditional herbs (parsley n=13, basil n=11, sage n=11, oregano n=11, mint n=13, thyme n=13, chamomile n=9) purchased… (n=81) |
| 60 | EFSA 2015. Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of nickel in food and drinking water, EFSA Journal 2015;13(2):4002, 202 pp. | 2015 | Government report | EU Ni occurrence in 18,885 food samples and 25,700 drinking water samples (final dataset after exclusions) submitted to EFSA from 15 European… (n=18885) |
| 61 | Darko et al. 2014. Heavy metal content in mixed and unmixed seasonings on the Ghanaian market, African Journal of Food Science | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | GH Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Twenty-two powdered mixed and unmixed seasoning samples purchased at random from local shops and hawkers in the Asafo,… (n=22) |
| 62 | Ziyaina et al. 2014. Lead and cadmium residue determination in spices available in Tripoli City markets (Libya), African Journal of Biochemistry Research | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | LY Pb, Cd occurrence in Imported spices traded in Libyan markets in 2011: 24 wholesale and 36 retail samples for each of four… (n=240) |
| 63 | EFSA 2012. Cadmium dietary exposure in the European population, EFSA Journal 2012;10(1):2551 | 2012 | Government report | EU Cd occurrence in Cadmium occurrence results in food submitted to EFSA from 22 EU Member States, 3 European Economic Area or… (n=178541) |
| 64 | Divrikli et al. 2006. Trace heavy metal contents of some spices and herbal plants from western Anatolia, Turkey, International Journal of Food Science and Technology | 2006 | Peer-reviewed | TR Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn occurrence in Eleven spice and herbal plant species collected from 50 farmers in western Anatolia, Turkey, June-October 2003; four samples… (n=44) |
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| b0f3d38 | 2026-06-12 | batch | corpus rescreen b04 old terminal skips |