Oladoye and Jegede 2016 — Heavy metals in spices from Odo-Ori Market

Oladoye and Jegede measured Fe, Cu, Cd, and Pb in eight common spice samples purchased from Odo-Ori Market in Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. The study separated four natural spices from four processed spices and reported concentrations in mg/kg. Cadmium was the main occurrence concern in the paper because five of the eight samples were reported at or above the WHO maximum permissible level of 0.3 mg/kg.

Key numbers

Natural spices, Table 1:

Processed spices, Table 4:

The table footnotes report detection limits of Cu 0.005 mg/L, Fe 0.05 mg/L, Pb 0.08 mg/L, and Cd 0.01mg/L. The source reports WHO maximum permissible limits of Fe 300 mg/kg, Cu 50 mg/kg, Cd 0.3 mg/kg, and Pb 10 mg/kg in the Table 1 and Table 4 comparator rows.

Methods (brief)

Eight spice samples were bought in October 2015 from Odo-Ori Market in Iwo, Nigeria. The gross samples were oven dried, pounded to powder, and represented by 2 g portions digested with 30 mL concentrated HNO3 on a hot plate, filtered, and made up to 30 mL. Fe, Pb, Cu, and Cd were determined by Buck Scientific 210 VGP flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry after calibration with metal standards; recovery was reported as 96.3% for Cu, 98.5% for Cd, 95.7% for Fe, and 91.8% for Pb.

Implications

This source contributes Nigeria-market spice occurrence values for Cd, Pb, Cu, and Fe, with direct product routing to the broad spices row. The sample set is small but contains sample-level concentration values and detection-limit labels for lead and cadmium. The source does not measure arsenic, mercury, tin, nickel, chromium, or speciation.

Verification notes

• PDF text extracted with pdftotext -layout; the title page, DOI, methods, Table 1, Table 4, detection-limit footnotes, and conclusion were readable.
• DOI verified from the first-page header as 10.4172/2380-2391.1000174; the citation footer also prints a malformed DOI string, 10.41722380-2391.1000174. DOI, raw handle MFK_olusakino2016, and cite-key checks found no existing source page before creation.
• All sample-level metal values in Key numbers were checked against Table 1 and Table 4. Units are preserved as mg/kg; detection-limit footnotes are preserved as printed in mg/L.
• Speciation: Fe, Cu, Cd, and Pb are total-element AAS measurements. No arsenic, mercury, chromium, tin, or metal speciation was reported.
• Brand firewall: the source uses spice descriptors and sample codes; no consumer brand names are attached to contamination values.
• Frontmatter slugs were kept broad because not all individual spice descriptors have closed-vocabulary ingredient slugs in docs/gpt-collaboration/taxonomy-snapshot.md.

Page history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.