Heavy metals in Lamb chop

Quick read

Lamb chop in the HMI library has 141 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid, total mercury, methylmercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, tin, antimony, uranium, Co, Cu, Zn, Ba and Tl from 9 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Marín S, Pardo O, Sánchez A, Sanchis Y, Vélez D, Devesa V, Font G, Yusà V · 2018Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain)Toxicology Reports 5 (2018) 654-670Read source →}^{4Adilbekov Z, Mustafina R, Suleimenov S, Serikova A, Zhuzzassarova G, Suranshiyev Z, Bainiyazov A · 2026Technogenic contamination of livestock- and fish-derived food products with heavy metals and radionuclides in industrial and post-nuclear regions of KazakhstanVeterinary World 2026, 19(3): 1052-1068Read source →}^{5Baxter M, Brereton N · 2015Total Diet Study of metals and other elements in foodFood and Environment Research Agency report for the UK Food Standards Agency, Fera report 15/06, project FS102081Read source →}^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →}

Metals measured:
Lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid and total mercury and others, in 141 results from 9 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Marín S, Pardo O, Sánchez A, Sanchis Y, Vélez D, Devesa V, Font G, Yusà V · 2018Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain)Toxicology Reports 5 (2018) 654-670Read source →}^{4Adilbekov Z, Mustafina R, Suleimenov S, Serikova A, Zhuzzassarova G, Suranshiyev Z, Bainiyazov A · 2026Technogenic contamination of livestock- and fish-derived food products with heavy metals and radionuclides in industrial and post-nuclear regions of KazakhstanVeterinary World 2026, 19(3): 1052-1068Read source →}
Main drivers:
Form, basis and where the lamb chop was sampled; reporting limits decide how many results are non-detects.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Marín S, Pardo O, Sánchez A, Sanchis Y, Vélez D, Devesa V, Font G, Yusà V · 2018Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain)Toxicology Reports 5 (2018) 654-670Read source →}^{4Adilbekov Z, Mustafina R, Suleimenov S, Serikova A, Zhuzzassarova G, Suranshiyev Z, Bainiyazov A · 2026Technogenic contamination of livestock- and fish-derived food products with heavy metals and radionuclides in industrial and post-nuclear regions of KazakhstanVeterinary World 2026, 19(3): 1052-1068Read source →}
Practical framing:
Ask for lot results with a quantification limit well below the limit that applies in the destination market.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Marín S, Pardo O, Sánchez A, Sanchis Y, Vélez D, Devesa V, Font G, Yusà V · 2018Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain)Toxicology Reports 5 (2018) 654-670Read source →}^{4Adilbekov Z, Mustafina R, Suleimenov S, Serikova A, Zhuzzassarova G, Suranshiyev Z, Bainiyazov A · 2026Technogenic contamination of livestock- and fish-derived food products with heavy metals and radionuclides in industrial and post-nuclear regions of KazakhstanVeterinary World 2026, 19(3): 1052-1068Read source →}

Lamb chop overview

Lamb chop in the HMI library has 141 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid, total mercury, methylmercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, tin, antimony, uranium, Co, Cu, Zn, Ba and Tl from 9 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Marín S, Pardo O, Sánchez A, Sanchis Y, Vélez D, Devesa V, Font G, Yusà V · 2018Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain)Toxicology Reports 5 (2018) 654-670Read source →}^{4Adilbekov Z, Mustafina R, Suleimenov S, Serikova A, Zhuzzassarova G, Suranshiyev Z, Bainiyazov A · 2026Technogenic contamination of livestock- and fish-derived food products with heavy metals and radionuclides in industrial and post-nuclear regions of KazakhstanVeterinary World 2026, 19(3): 1052-1068Read source →}^{5Baxter M, Brereton N · 2015Total Diet Study of metals and other elements in foodFood and Environment Research Agency report for the UK Food Standards Agency, Fera report 15/06, project FS102081Read source →}^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in lamb chop, as sold from 4,517 results in 3 reporting regions, with subgroup medians below 2,500 µg/kg, mostly non-detects.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} In the US Total Diet Study, lamb chop, oil had a median lead result below 4 µg/kg across 27 composites from 2017–2020.^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}

Across 2 other studies of ordinary farms and markets, reported lead means and medians on an as-sold or fresh-weight basis ranged from 2.1 µg/kg (Spungen et al. 2024) to 3.8 µg/kg (Marín et al. 2018).^{3Marín S, Pardo O, Sánchez A, Sanchis Y, Vélez D, Devesa V, Font G, Yusà V · 2018Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain)Toxicology Reports 5 (2018) 654-670Read source →}^{7Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →} For cadmium, 2 studies with the basis not stated reported means and medians from 1.29 µg/kg (Dabeka et al. 1995) to 1.55 µg/kg (Dabeka et al. 1995).^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →}

For a buyer the practical points are the form bought, the basis a result is reported on, where the lamb chop came from and the laboratory’s reporting limit. Testing finds contamination but does not remove it.

What counts as lamb chop

This page covers lamb chop in 4 forms kept separate in every comparison: lamb chop, as sold (119 results), lamb chop, cooked (10 results), lamb chop, oil (8 results) and lamb chop, frozen (4 results).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Marín S, Pardo O, Sánchez A, Sanchis Y, Vélez D, Devesa V, Font G, Yusà V · 2018Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain)Toxicology Reports 5 (2018) 654-670Read source →}^{4Adilbekov Z, Mustafina R, Suleimenov S, Serikova A, Zhuzzassarova G, Suranshiyev Z, Bainiyazov A · 2026Technogenic contamination of livestock- and fish-derived food products with heavy metals and radionuclides in industrial and post-nuclear regions of KazakhstanVeterinary World 2026, 19(3): 1052-1068Read source →}^{5Baxter M, Brereton N · 2015Total Diet Study of metals and other elements in foodFood and Environment Research Agency report for the UK Food Standards Agency, Fera report 15/06, project FS102081Read source →}^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →}

Results stay on the basis each source reports: as sold or fresh weight, dry weight, or unstated. Dry-weight, as-sold and unstated results are never pooled, and no moisture conversion is applied.

Heavy metal contamination profile of lamb chop

The table holds every extracted lamb chop result: one row for each statistic a source reports for a form, group and metal, 141 rows in all, grouped by metal and form; percentiles, ranges and maxima for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Marín S, Pardo O, Sánchez A, Sanchis Y, Vélez D, Devesa V, Font G, Yusà V · 2018Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain)Toxicology Reports 5 (2018) 654-670Read source →}^{4Adilbekov Z, Mustafina R, Suleimenov S, Serikova A, Zhuzzassarova G, Suranshiyev Z, Bainiyazov A · 2026Technogenic contamination of livestock- and fish-derived food products with heavy metals and radionuclides in industrial and post-nuclear regions of KazakhstanVeterinary World 2026, 19(3): 1052-1068Read source →}^{5Baxter M, Brereton N · 2015Total Diet Study of metals and other elements in foodFood and Environment Research Agency report for the UK Food Standards Agency, Fera report 15/06, project FS102081Read source →}^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →} Monitoring medians are HMI calculations from individual submissions; non-detects remain intervals between zero and the reporting limit and are never read as zero.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

0 rows can be rated against an HMI reference for the same form and basis, 7 rows have a direct same-study comparison, and the rest stay unrated with the reason recorded. 15 values from 1 source failed a check against their own source and are shown but not compared.^{4Adilbekov Z, Mustafina R, Suleimenov S, Serikova A, Zhuzzassarova G, Suranshiyev Z, Bainiyazov A · 2026Technogenic contamination of livestock- and fish-derived food products with heavy metals and radionuclides in industrial and post-nuclear regions of KazakhstanVeterinary World 2026, 19(3): 1052-1068Read source →}

Comparison methods and scope

Each row is one statistic a source reports for one form of lamb chop, group and metal; percentiles, ranges and maxima reported for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row. Different forms and preparation states are kept apart, and dry-weight results never share a reference with as-sold or fresh-weight results. Ratings place a result against an HMI reference built from monitoring results and ordinary-setting medians for the same form and basis. Same-study contrasts compare a contaminated or treated site with its control, targeted with random sampling, a prepared form with the unprocessed one, or one group of a study with the median of its other groups. Held rows failed a check against their own source and are shown but not compared.

About this table

Food formCollection scopeFindingComparisonEvidence

Lamb chop findings from monitoring programmes, total diet studies and every extracted field, market and contaminated-site study, in µg/kg with each source’s form, basis, statistic and censoring retained.
Food form	Collection scope	Finding (µg/kg)

26 findings · 6 studies · 3 spread figures folded in
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2006As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2019As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2019As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2013As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2015–2016As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2000–2017As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2011–2016As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2014As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2000–2008As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 3.5 µg/kg (minimum); 4 µg/kg (maximum)
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	min.
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	max.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2018–2019	median.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Abai district, Abai region (formerly the East Kazakhstan region)2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Abai district, Karaganda region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Akkol district, Akmola region2024–2025	not detected.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Aksuat district, Abai region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Aktogay district, Karaganda region2024–2025	not detected.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Ayagoz district, Abai region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Bukhar-Zhyrau district, Karaganda region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Shortandy district, Akmola region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Zerenda district, Akmola region2024–2025	not detected.
Lamb chop, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 3_172014–2015	sample value.
Lamb chop, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988	median.
Lamb chop, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988	mean.Same samples: 21.7 µg/kg (maximum)
Lamb chop, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988	min.
Lamb chop, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988	max.
Lamb chop, as soldGorbanov et al. 2025	Control groupCollection date unreported	sample value.
Lamb chop, as soldGorbanov et al. 2025	LaktuVet-1 supplemented groupCollection date unreported	sample value.
2 findings · 1 study · 2 spread figures folded in
Lamb chop, cookedDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988	median.
Lamb chop, cookedDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988	mean.Same samples: 3.3 µg/kg (minimum); 16.9 µg/kg (maximum)
Lamb chop, cookedDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988	min.
Lamb chop, cookedDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988	max.
2 findings · 2 studies
Lamb chop, oilFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2017–2020As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, oilSpungen et al. 2024	all samples2018–2020As sold / fresh	mean.
1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, frozenAltalib et al. 2025	Lamb2025	mean.

27 findings · 6 studies · 2 spread figures folded in
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2007As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2005As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2006As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2005As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2019As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2019As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2018As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2003–2017As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO1999–2018As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2014As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2000–2008As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	not detected.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2018–2019	median.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Abai district, Abai region (formerly the East Kazakhstan region)2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Abai district, Karaganda region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Akkol district, Akmola region2024–2025	not detected.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Aksuat district, Abai region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Aktogay district, Karaganda region2024–2025	not detected.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Ayagoz district, Abai region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Bukhar-Zhyrau district, Karaganda region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Shortandy district, Akmola region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Zerenda district, Akmola region2024–2025	not detected.
Lamb chop, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 3_172014–2015	sample value.
Lamb chop, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988	median.
Lamb chop, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988	mean.Same samples: 0.53 µg/kg (minimum); 1.73 µg/kg (maximum)
Lamb chop, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988	min.
Lamb chop, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988	max.
Lamb chop, as soldGorbanov et al. 2025	Control groupCollection date unreported	not detected.
Lamb chop, as soldGorbanov et al. 2025	LaktuVet-1 supplemented groupCollection date unreported	not detected.
2 findings · 1 study · 2 spread figures folded in
Lamb chop, cookedDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988	median.
Lamb chop, cookedDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988	mean.Same samples: 0.67 µg/kg (minimum); 2.97 µg/kg (maximum)
Lamb chop, cookedDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988	min.
Lamb chop, cookedDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988	max.
1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, oilFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2017–2020As sold / fresh	median.
1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, frozenAltalib et al. 2025	Lamb2025	mean.

11 findings · 4 studies · 2 spread figures folded in
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2007–2023As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2008–2010As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2023As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2006–2011As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2016–2018As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2014As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2000–2008As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 9.6 µg/kg (minimum); 24.3 µg/kg (maximum)
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	min.
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	max.
Lamb chop, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 3_172014–2015	sample value.
Lamb chop, as soldGorbanov et al. 2025	Control groupCollection date unreported	not detected.
Lamb chop, as soldGorbanov et al. 2025	LaktuVet-1 supplemented groupCollection date unreported	not detected.
1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, oilFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2017–2020As sold / fresh	median.

3 findings · 3 studies · 2 spread figures folded in
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2016As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 0.3 µg/kg (minimum); 0.4 µg/kg (maximum)
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	min.
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	max.
Lamb chop, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 3_172014–2015	not detected.

1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2016As sold / fresh	median.

5 findings · 2 studies
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2004–2020As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2016–2018As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2014As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2000–2008As sold / fresh	median.
Lamb chop, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 3_172014–2015	sample value.
1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, oilFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2017–2020As sold / fresh	median.

1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2017–2019As sold / fresh	median.

2 findings · 2 studies
Lamb chop, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 3_172014–2015	sample value.
Lamb chop, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	Montreal composite1986–1988	sample value.
1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, cookedDabeka et al. 1995	Montreal composite1986–1988	sample value.
1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, oilFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2017–2020As sold / fresh	median.

2 findings · 2 studies · 2 spread figures folded in
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 45.5 µg/kg (minimum); 2,140 µg/kg (maximum)
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	min.
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	max.
Lamb chop, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 3_172014–2015	sample value.
1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, oilFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2017–2020As sold / fresh	median.
1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, frozenAltalib et al. 2025	Lamb2025	mean.

1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 3_172014–2015	sample value.

2 findings · 2 studies · 2 spread figures folded in
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 141 µg/kg (minimum); 245 µg/kg (maximum)
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	min.
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	max.
Lamb chop, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 3_172014–2015	not detected.

1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 3_172014–2015	sample value.

1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, oilFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2017–2020As sold / fresh	median.

1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, as soldDabeka et al. 1995	Montreal composite1986–1988	sample value.
1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, cookedDabeka et al. 1995	Montreal composite1986–1988	sample value.

10 findings · 2 studies · 2 spread figures folded in
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	mean.Same samples: 623 µg/kg (minimum); 1,410 µg/kg (maximum)
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	min.
Lamb chop, as soldMarín et al. 2018	Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-20112010–2011As sold / fresh	max.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Abai district, Abai region (formerly the East Kazakhstan region)2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Abai district, Karaganda region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Akkol district, Akmola region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Aksuat district, Abai region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Aktogay district, Karaganda region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Ayagoz district, Abai region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Bukhar-Zhyrau district, Karaganda region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Shortandy district, Akmola region2024–2025	not detected.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Zerenda district, Akmola region2024–2025	mean.
1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, frozenAltalib et al. 2025	Lamb2025	mean.

9 findings · 1 study
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Abai district, Abai region (formerly the East Kazakhstan region)2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Abai district, Karaganda region2024–2025	not detected.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Akkol district, Akmola region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Aksuat district, Abai region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Aktogay district, Karaganda region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Ayagoz district, Abai region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Bukhar-Zhyrau district, Karaganda region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Shortandy district, Akmola region2024–2025	mean.
Lamb chop, as soldAdilbekov et al. 2026	Zerenda district, Akmola region2024–2025	mean.

1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 3_172014–2015	sample value.

1 finding · 1 study
Lamb chop, as soldBaxter et al. 2015	food category composite 3_172014–2015	sample value.

Shared dataset methods and interpretation

Source summaries retain their original statistic, material, basis and censoring. Each source drawer identifies methods and overlapping samples. No matched reference or pooled distribution is inferred.

HMI lamb chop Pb reference · Lamb chop, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI lamb chop Pb reference · Lamb chop, as sold. Lamb chop, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤10	≤10	≤20
Alternative weighting	≤10	≤10	≤20

50 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	50	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for lamb chop, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for lamb chop, as sold on this basis in the completed lamb chop ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:lamb-chop-1b29990e0ae4:f1bcecb3202c

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI lamb chop Pb reference · Lamb chop, as sold, basis not stated

Reference and scope

HMI lamb chop Pb reference · Lamb chop, as sold, basis not stated. Lamb chop, as sold; Basis not stated by the source, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤0.02	≤2500	≤5000
Alternative weighting	≤0.02	≤2500	≤5000

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for lamb chop, as sold on a basis not stated by the source basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for lamb chop, as sold on this basis in the completed lamb chop ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:lamb-chop-33adb5b0022c:3e6635c36da4

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI lamb chop Pb reference · Lamb chop, oil

Reference and scope

HMI lamb chop Pb reference · Lamb chop, oil. Lamb chop, oil; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤4	≤4	≤4
Alternative weighting	≤4	≤4	≤4

27 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	27	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for lamb chop, oil on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for lamb chop, oil on this basis in the completed lamb chop ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:lamb-chop-ed656aabdf5c:0970123847e9

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI lamb chop Cd reference · Lamb chop, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI lamb chop Cd reference · Lamb chop, as sold. Lamb chop, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤2	≤5	≤6
Alternative weighting	≤2	≤4.06	≤5

58 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	58	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for lamb chop, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for lamb chop, as sold on this basis in the completed lamb chop ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:lamb-chop-77fdbf9588fb:a8e533a38413

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI lamb chop Cd reference · Lamb chop, as sold, basis not stated

Reference and scope

HMI lamb chop Cd reference · Lamb chop, as sold, basis not stated. Lamb chop, as sold; Basis not stated by the source, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤2.51	≤26.3	≤50
Alternative weighting	≤2.51	≤26.3	≤50

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for lamb chop, as sold on a basis not stated by the source basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for lamb chop, as sold on this basis in the completed lamb chop ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:lamb-chop-28a554d913f2:f40649ae79dd

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI lamb chop Cd reference · Lamb chop, oil

Reference and scope

HMI lamb chop Cd reference · Lamb chop, oil. Lamb chop, oil; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤1	≤1	≤1
Alternative weighting	≤1	≤1	≤1

27 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	27	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for lamb chop, oil on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for lamb chop, oil on this basis in the completed lamb chop ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:lamb-chop-a966c930bc1d:c19beeaade54

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI lamb chop tAs reference · Lamb chop, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI lamb chop tAs reference · Lamb chop, as sold. Lamb chop, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤5	≤10	≤50
Alternative weighting	≤5	≤9	≤50

21 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	21	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for lamb chop, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for lamb chop, as sold on this basis in the completed lamb chop ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:lamb-chop-80b52b7505da:b2b9fd6d2ee9

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI lamb chop tAs reference · Lamb chop, oil

Reference and scope

HMI lamb chop tAs reference · Lamb chop, oil. Lamb chop, oil; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤3	≤3	≤3
Alternative weighting	≤3	≤3	≤3

27 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	27	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for lamb chop, oil on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for lamb chop, oil on this basis in the completed lamb chop ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:lamb-chop-2b25e3786291:159a658210c0

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI lamb chop iAs reference · Lamb chop, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI lamb chop iAs reference · Lamb chop, as sold. Lamb chop, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	5–10 (bounded)	5–10 (bounded)	5–10 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	5–10 (bounded)	5–10 (bounded)	5–10 (bounded)

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for lamb chop, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for lamb chop, as sold on this basis in the completed lamb chop ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:lamb-chop-9cf799a4d97d:aa7272b271a2

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI lamb chop DMA reference · Lamb chop, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI lamb chop DMA reference · Lamb chop, as sold. Lamb chop, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤20	≤20	≤20
Alternative weighting	≤20	≤20	≤20

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for lamb chop, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for lamb chop, as sold on this basis in the completed lamb chop ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:lamb-chop-b001dbe2f03e:c79e6f7dc5ca

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI lamb chop tHg reference · Lamb chop, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI lamb chop tHg reference · Lamb chop, as sold. Lamb chop, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤2	≤3	≤5
Alternative weighting	≤1.55	≤3	≤4.3

21 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	21	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for lamb chop, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for lamb chop, as sold on this basis in the completed lamb chop ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:lamb-chop-839edd8a3854:fc8e7b7d9387

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI lamb chop tHg reference · Lamb chop, oil

Reference and scope

HMI lamb chop tHg reference · Lamb chop, oil. Lamb chop, oil; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤1	≤1	≤1
Alternative weighting	≤1	≤1	≤1

27 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	27	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for lamb chop, oil on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for lamb chop, oil on this basis in the completed lamb chop ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:lamb-chop-b5293df06159:f0c50288d52e

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI lamb chop MeHg reference · Lamb chop, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI lamb chop MeHg reference · Lamb chop, as sold. Lamb chop, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤10	≤14.5	≤19
Alternative weighting	≤10	≤14.5	≤19

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for lamb chop, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for lamb chop, as sold on this basis in the completed lamb chop ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:lamb-chop-05fbd70dfc44:253e00c39dca

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI lamb chop Ni reference · Lamb chop, oil

Reference and scope

HMI lamb chop Ni reference · Lamb chop, oil. Lamb chop, oil; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤40	≤40	≤40
Alternative weighting	≤40	≤40	≤40

27 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	27	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for lamb chop, oil on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for lamb chop, oil on this basis in the completed lamb chop ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:lamb-chop-e82ea0c21427:3c07cebc1337

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI lamb chop Cr reference · Lamb chop, oil

Reference and scope

HMI lamb chop Cr reference · Lamb chop, oil. Lamb chop, oil; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤50	≤50	≤50
Alternative weighting	≤50	≤50	≤50

27 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	27	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for lamb chop, oil on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for lamb chop, oil on this basis in the completed lamb chop ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:lamb-chop-3a9a4eabd4e5:93b45c8e8d04

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI lamb chop U reference · Lamb chop, oil

Reference and scope

HMI lamb chop U reference · Lamb chop, oil. Lamb chop, oil; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤1	≤1	≤1
Alternative weighting	≤1	≤1	≤1

27 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	27	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for lamb chop, oil on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for lamb chop, oil on this basis in the completed lamb chop ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:lamb-chop-f748c38676ca:560b39c86d5d

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

How metals reach lamb chop

No study in the library compared lamb chop from contaminated and ordinary settings, so the routes by which metals reach it are not measured here.

Which forms and regions measured lower

The HMI reference for lead in lamb chop, as sold pools 50 subgroup units from 1 sampling family, with a median of below 10 µg/kg and a middle half spanning below 10 (lower quartile) and below 20 µg/kg (upper quartile).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} For lead in lamb chop, oil, the reference median was below 4 µg/kg, with a middle half from below 4 to below 4 µg/kg across 27 units.^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →} For cadmium in lamb chop, as sold, the reference median was below 5 µg/kg, with a middle half from below 2 to below 6 µg/kg across 58 units.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

Among GEMS/Food reporting regions, lamb chop, as sold had the lowest cadmium subgroup median in EURO (31.5 µg/kg) and the highest in EURO (90 µg/kg); reporting regions are markets, not growing areas.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

Processing, cooking and preparation

Processed or prepared forms were compared only with unprocessed lamb chop in the same study and group. Lamb chop, cooked (5 city composites) had lead lower at 8.6 µg/kg, against 9.2 µg/kg for the unprocessed form in the same group (lamb chop, as sold).^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →}

Forms differ in water content, so a per-kilogram difference is not by itself a measured removal or gain of metal.

Mitigation for lamb chop

Lot testing against the applicable limit is the check that can be verified.

No measured way to lower metals in this food is in the library yet.

Trade-offs and limits of controls

Metals do not move together, so a lot that passes a lead limit says little about cadmium, arsenic or nickel unless those are tested as well.

Testing lamb chop for metals

Results depend on the method and its reporting limit. Reporting limits for lead ranged from 2 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food) to 5,000 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} Reporting limits for cadmium ranged from 0.8 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food) to 1,000 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} Reporting limits for total arsenic ranged from 3 µg/kg (FDA Total Diet Study) to 100 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}

A useful lot result names the form, the basis and a quantification limit well below the limit that applies.

Buying and verifying lamb chop

No maximum level for metals in lamb chop was verified from primary text for this page; buyers should confirm the limit that applies in the destination market.

Exposure from lamb chop

No source in the library converted lamb chop concentrations into a verified estimate of intake for a defined population. Concentrations describe the food, not individual risk.

Evidence review and remaining gaps

Every source record that names lamb chop was decided on its content: 9 occurrence extracted, 9 records in all. The occurrence table renders every extracted result; held values remain visible with their reason.

References identify the sources used in these answers. The Sources index preserves additional discovery links; inclusion there does not mean a source has been reviewed for this assessment. Corrections, completed searches, new direct evidence and changes in requirements should reopen the relevant answer.

Lamb chop FAQs

What heavy metals are found in lamb chop?

The library reports lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid, total mercury, methylmercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, tin, antimony, uranium, Co, Cu, Zn, Ba and Tl in lamb chop, most often lead, cadmium and total arsenic.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Marín S, Pardo O, Sánchez A, Sanchis Y, Vélez D, Devesa V, Font G, Yusà V · 2018Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain)Toxicology Reports 5 (2018) 654-670Read source →}^{4Adilbekov Z, Mustafina R, Suleimenov S, Serikova A, Zhuzzassarova G, Suranshiyev Z, Bainiyazov A · 2026Technogenic contamination of livestock- and fish-derived food products with heavy metals and radionuclides in industrial and post-nuclear regions of KazakhstanVeterinary World 2026, 19(3): 1052-1068Read source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in lamb chop, as sold from 4,517 results in 3 reporting regions, with subgroup medians below 2,500 µg/kg, mostly non-detects.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

Which regions report the lowest levels in lamb chop?

Among GEMS/Food reporting regions, lamb chop, as sold had the lowest cadmium subgroup median in EURO (31.5 µg/kg) and the highest in EURO (90 µg/kg); reporting regions are markets, not growing areas.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

Does processing change heavy metals in lamb chop?

Only comparisons between forms in the same study are available, not before-and-after measurements of the same lamb chop.^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →} Lamb chop, cooked (5 city composites) had lead lower at 8.6 µg/kg, against 9.2 µg/kg for the unprocessed form in the same group (lamb chop, as sold).^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →}

How much of the arsenic in lamb chop is inorganic?

Inorganic arsenic, the more toxic form, was measured in 5 results from 3 sources, far fewer than total arsenic.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{3Marín S, Pardo O, Sánchez A, Sanchis Y, Vélez D, Devesa V, Font G, Yusà V · 2018Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain)Toxicology Reports 5 (2018) 654-670Read source →}^{5Baxter M, Brereton N · 2015Total Diet Study of metals and other elements in foodFood and Environment Research Agency report for the UK Food Standards Agency, Fera report 15/06, project FS102081Read source →} Marín et al. 2018 reported inorganic arsenic at 0.3 µg/kg (mean) in lamb chop, as sold from Meat and meat products group, Region of Valencia TDS 2010-2011.^{3Marín S, Pardo O, Sánchez A, Sanchis Y, Vélez D, Devesa V, Font G, Yusà V · 2018Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain)Toxicology Reports 5 (2018) 654-670Read source →}

References

Works cited on this page, in citation-number order. See Sources for this page’s source inventory. Each title links to a source record with bibliographic details, reported findings, and document provenance.

GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsWorld Health Organization · GEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme · 2026 · extranet.who.intDataset
FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsU.S. Food and Drug Administration · FDA Total Diet Study · 2022 · www.fda.govDataset
Assessment of metal levels in foodstuffs from the Region of Valencia (Spain)Marín S, Pardo O, Sánchez A, Sanchis Y, Vélez D, Devesa V, et al. · Toxicology Reports 5 (2018) 654-670 · 2018 · doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.05.005Peer-reviewed
Technogenic contamination of livestock- and fish-derived food products with heavy metals and radionuclides in industrial and post-nuclear regions of KazakhstanAdilbekov Z, Mustafina R, Suleimenov S, Serikova A, Zhuzzassarova G, Suranshiyev Z, et al. · Veterinary World 2026, 19(3): 1052-1068 · 2026 · doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2026.1052-1068Peer-reviewed
Total Diet Study of metals and other elements in foodBaxter M and Brereton N · Food and Environment Research Agency report for the UK Food Standards Agency, Fera report 15/06, project FS102081 · 2015 · www.food.gov.ukGovernment
Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Dabeka RW and McKenzie AD · Journal of AOAC International · 1995 · academic.oup.comPeer-reviewed
Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Spungen JH and et al. · Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A · 2024 · doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2024.2396910Peer-reviewed

Sources

Browse Lamb chop Sources for sources cited on this page and additional discovery candidates. The searchable index distinguishes verified citation use from discovery relationships whose relevance has not been established.

Update history

22 October 2026: Rebuilt from every lamb chop record in the library: 9 occurrence sources, references by form and basis, same-study contrasts.

Referenced by

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Food Additives

Heavy metals in Lamb chop

Lamb chop overview

What counts as lamb chop

Heavy metal contamination profile of lamb chop

How metals reach lamb chop

Which forms and regions measured lower

Processing, cooking and preparation

Mitigation for lamb chop

Trade-offs and limits of controls

Testing lamb chop for metals

Buying and verifying lamb chop

Exposure from lamb chop

Evidence review and remaining gaps

Lamb chop FAQs

References

Sources

Update history

Related ingredients

Referenced by

Graph View