Heavy metals in Corn flakes cereal

Quick read

Corn flakes cereal in the HMI library has 39 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, tin, uranium, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ag, CrIII and CrVI from 7 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{4Atwa MA, Yehia TM, Bassuony NI, EL Karmany AMM, Atwa MA · 2009DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN EGYPTIAN INFANTS FORMULAS, WEANING FOODS AND SOME BREAKFAST FOODS.J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 34(1): 229-238, 2009 (now Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences)Read source →}^{5EFSA, Arcella D, Cascio C, Gómez Ruiz JA · 2021Chronic dietary exposure to inorganic arsenicEFSA JournalRead source →}^{6European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →}

Metals measured:
Lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, total mercury and nickel and others, in 39 results from 7 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{4Atwa MA, Yehia TM, Bassuony NI, EL Karmany AMM, Atwa MA · 2009DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN EGYPTIAN INFANTS FORMULAS, WEANING FOODS AND SOME BREAKFAST FOODS.J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 34(1): 229-238, 2009 (now Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences)Read source →}
Main drivers:
Form, basis and where the corn flakes cereal was sampled; reporting limits decide how many results are non-detects.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{4Atwa MA, Yehia TM, Bassuony NI, EL Karmany AMM, Atwa MA · 2009DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN EGYPTIAN INFANTS FORMULAS, WEANING FOODS AND SOME BREAKFAST FOODS.J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 34(1): 229-238, 2009 (now Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences)Read source →}
Practical framing:
Ask for lot results with a quantification limit well below the limit that applies in the destination market.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{4Atwa MA, Yehia TM, Bassuony NI, EL Karmany AMM, Atwa MA · 2009DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN EGYPTIAN INFANTS FORMULAS, WEANING FOODS AND SOME BREAKFAST FOODS.J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 34(1): 229-238, 2009 (now Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences)Read source →}

Corn flakes cereal overview

Corn flakes cereal in the HMI library has 39 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, tin, uranium, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ag, CrIII and CrVI from 7 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{4Atwa MA, Yehia TM, Bassuony NI, EL Karmany AMM, Atwa MA · 2009DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN EGYPTIAN INFANTS FORMULAS, WEANING FOODS AND SOME BREAKFAST FOODS.J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 34(1): 229-238, 2009 (now Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences)Read source →}^{5EFSA, Arcella D, Cascio C, Gómez Ruiz JA · 2021Chronic dietary exposure to inorganic arsenicEFSA JournalRead source →}^{6European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in corn flakes cereal, as sold from 131 results in 2 reporting regions, with subgroup medians below 100 µg/kg, mostly non-detects.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} In the US Total Diet Study, corn flakes cereal, as sold had a median lead result below 4 µg/kg across 3 composites from 2018–2020.^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}

Spungen et al. 2024 reported lead at 2.8 µg/kg (mean) in corn flakes cereal, as sold from all samples.^{3Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →} Across 2 other studies of ordinary farms and markets, reported inorganic arsenic means and medians with the basis not stated ranged from 12.9 µg/kg (European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2014) to 30 µg/kg (EFSA 2021).^{5EFSA, Arcella D, Cascio C, Gómez Ruiz JA · 2021Chronic dietary exposure to inorganic arsenicEFSA JournalRead source →}^{6European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →}

For a buyer the practical points are the form bought, the basis a result is reported on, where the corn flakes cereal came from and the laboratory’s reporting limit. Testing finds contamination but does not remove it.

What counts as corn flakes cereal

This page covers corn flakes cereal, as sold (39 results).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{4Atwa MA, Yehia TM, Bassuony NI, EL Karmany AMM, Atwa MA · 2009DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN EGYPTIAN INFANTS FORMULAS, WEANING FOODS AND SOME BREAKFAST FOODS.J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 34(1): 229-238, 2009 (now Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences)Read source →}^{5EFSA, Arcella D, Cascio C, Gómez Ruiz JA · 2021Chronic dietary exposure to inorganic arsenicEFSA JournalRead source →}^{6European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →}

Results stay on the basis each source reports: as sold or fresh weight, dry weight, or unstated. Dry-weight, as-sold and unstated results are never pooled, and no moisture conversion is applied.

Heavy metal contamination profile of corn flakes cereal

The table holds every extracted corn flakes cereal result: one row for each statistic a source reports for a form, group and metal, 39 rows in all, grouped by metal and form; percentiles, ranges and maxima for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{4Atwa MA, Yehia TM, Bassuony NI, EL Karmany AMM, Atwa MA · 2009DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN EGYPTIAN INFANTS FORMULAS, WEANING FOODS AND SOME BREAKFAST FOODS.J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 34(1): 229-238, 2009 (now Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences)Read source →}^{5EFSA, Arcella D, Cascio C, Gómez Ruiz JA · 2021Chronic dietary exposure to inorganic arsenicEFSA JournalRead source →}^{6European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →} Monitoring medians are HMI calculations from individual submissions; non-detects remain intervals between zero and the reporting limit and are never read as zero.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

3 rows can be rated against an HMI reference for the same form and basis, 0 rows have a direct same-study comparison, and the rest stay unrated with the reason recorded.

Comparison methods and scope

Each row is one statistic a source reports for one form of corn flakes cereal, group and metal; percentiles, ranges and maxima reported for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row. Different forms and preparation states are kept apart, and dry-weight results never share a reference with as-sold or fresh-weight results. Ratings place a result against an HMI reference built from monitoring results and ordinary-setting medians for the same form and basis. Same-study contrasts compare a contaminated or treated site with its control, targeted with random sampling, a prepared form with the unprocessed one, or one group of a study with the median of its other groups. Held rows failed a check against their own source and are shown but not compared.

About this table

Food formCollection scopeFindingComparisonEvidence

Corn flakes cereal findings from monitoring programmes, total diet studies and every extracted field, market and contaminated-site study, in µg/kg with each source’s form, basis, statistic and censoring retained.
Food form	Collection scope	Finding (µg/kg)

6 findings · 4 studies
Corn flakes cereal, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2019	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2005–2016	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2000–2017	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldSpungen et al. 2024	all samples2018–2020	mean.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldAtwa et al. 2009	Cairo supermarkets and pharmacies, 2007-2008, product row 252007–2008Dry weight	sample value.

7 findings · 3 studies
Corn flakes cereal, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2019	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2016	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2011–2017	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2003–2010	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldAtwa et al. 2009	Cairo supermarkets and pharmacies, 2007-2008, product row 252007–2008Dry weight	sample value.

4 findings · 3 studies
Corn flakes cereal, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2011–2015	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2007–2009	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldAtwa et al. 2009	Cairo supermarkets and pharmacies, 2007-2008, product row 252007–2008Dry weight	not detected.

3 findings · 2 studies
Corn flakes cereal, as soldEFSA 2021	EU occurrence data (LB)2013–2018Basis not stated	mean.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldEFSA 2021	EU occurrence data (UB)2013–2018Basis not stated	mean.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldEuropean Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2014	European dietary-survey occurrence data2003–2013Basis not stated	mean.

4 findings · 3 studies
Corn flakes cereal, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2010–2017	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2015	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldAtwa et al. 2009	Cairo supermarkets and pharmacies, 2007-2008, product row 252007–2008Dry weight	not detected.

2 findings · 2 studies
Corn flakes cereal, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldAtwa et al. 2009	Cairo supermarkets and pharmacies, 2007-2008, product row 252007–2008Dry weight	sample value.

3 findings · 3 studies
Corn flakes cereal, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldSaraiva et al. 2021	Birkerød, DenmarkCollection date unreported	mean.
Corn flakes cereal, as soldAtwa et al. 2009	Cairo supermarkets and pharmacies, 2007-2008, product row 252007–2008Dry weight	sample value.

1 finding · 1 study
Corn flakes cereal, as soldAtwa et al. 2009	Cairo supermarkets and pharmacies, 2007-2008, product row 252007–2008Dry weight	sample value.

1 finding · 1 study
Corn flakes cereal, as soldAtwa et al. 2009	Cairo supermarkets and pharmacies, 2007-2008, product row 252007–2008Dry weight	sample value.

1 finding · 1 study
Corn flakes cereal, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.

1 finding · 1 study
Corn flakes cereal, as soldAtwa et al. 2009	Cairo supermarkets and pharmacies, 2007-2008, product row 252007–2008Dry weight	sample value.

1 finding · 1 study
Corn flakes cereal, as soldAtwa et al. 2009	Cairo supermarkets and pharmacies, 2007-2008, product row 252007–2008Dry weight	sample value.

1 finding · 1 study
Corn flakes cereal, as soldAtwa et al. 2009	Cairo supermarkets and pharmacies, 2007-2008, product row 252007–2008Dry weight	sample value.

1 finding · 1 study
Corn flakes cereal, as soldAtwa et al. 2009	Cairo supermarkets and pharmacies, 2007-2008, product row 252007–2008Dry weight	sample value.

1 finding · 1 study
Corn flakes cereal, as soldAtwa et al. 2009	Cairo supermarkets and pharmacies, 2007-2008, product row 252007–2008Dry weight	sample value.

1 finding · 1 study
Corn flakes cereal, as soldSaraiva et al. 2021	Birkerød, DenmarkCollection date unreported	mean.

1 finding · 1 study
Corn flakes cereal, as soldSaraiva et al. 2021	Birkerød, DenmarkCollection date unreported	not detected.

Shared dataset methods and interpretation

Source summaries retain their original statistic, material, basis and censoring. Each source drawer identifies methods and overlapping samples. No matched reference or pooled distribution is inferred.

HMI corn flakes cereal Pb reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal Pb reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤4	≤4.45	≤10
Alternative weighting	≤4	≤4.45	≤10

36 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	33	50%
FDA Total Diet Study	3	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-02cf073b3ba4:74ebf6f79ba4

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal Pb reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal Pb reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	34	34	34
Alternative weighting	34	34	34

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Atwa et al. 2009	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Atwa et al. 2009 is the only compatible sampling family for corn flakes cereal, as sold on this basis in the completed corn flakes cereal ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Atwa et al. 2009

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-cad89445a18f:6c1aceec8a1f

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal Cd reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal Cd reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	1.1–1.3 (bounded)	1.3	1.4–3.5 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	1.2–1.3 (bounded)	1.3	1.5–3 (bounded)

35 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	32	50%
FDA Total Diet Study	3	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-1e55db30fb03:f49ebf033731

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal Cd reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal Cd reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	214	214	214
Alternative weighting	214	214	214

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Atwa et al. 2009	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Atwa et al. 2009 is the only compatible sampling family for corn flakes cereal, as sold on this basis in the completed corn flakes cereal ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Atwa et al. 2009

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-aaac4ae98ad7:092266e7ece7

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal tAs reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal tAs reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤3	≤3.1	≤14.3
Alternative weighting	≤3	≤3.1	≤14.3

10 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	7	50%
FDA Total Diet Study	3	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-0d711c834d99:c319a857da0f

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal tHg reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal tHg reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤1	≤1	≤3.5
Alternative weighting	≤1	≤1	≤4.05

12 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	9	50%
FDA Total Diet Study	3	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-d719335691cd:6c463a2fe6df

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal Ni reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal Ni reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	51	81	83
Alternative weighting	51	81	83

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for corn flakes cereal, as sold on this basis in the completed corn flakes cereal ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-0c5b75a67a13:7270f6037fd1

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal Ni reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal Ni reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	630	630	630
Alternative weighting	630	630	630

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Atwa et al. 2009	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Atwa et al. 2009 is the only compatible sampling family for corn flakes cereal, as sold on this basis in the completed corn flakes cereal ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Atwa et al. 2009

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-8db0c20f592f:03a9ff44bf7a

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal Cr reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal Cr reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤50	67	76
Alternative weighting	≤50	67	76

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for corn flakes cereal, as sold on this basis in the completed corn flakes cereal ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-9f48a9a57544:5fcbfdf31810

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal Cr reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal Cr reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	1120	1120	1120
Alternative weighting	1120	1120	1120

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Atwa et al. 2009	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Atwa et al. 2009 is the only compatible sampling family for corn flakes cereal, as sold on this basis in the completed corn flakes cereal ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Atwa et al. 2009

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-3f01d1d2d401:71162627eddc

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal Al reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal Al reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	9420	9420	9420
Alternative weighting	9420	9420	9420

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Atwa et al. 2009	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Atwa et al. 2009 is the only compatible sampling family for corn flakes cereal, as sold on this basis in the completed corn flakes cereal ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Atwa et al. 2009

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-86f8e39c398a:b47a8f282786

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal Sn reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal Sn reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	72	72	72
Alternative weighting	72	72	72

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Atwa et al. 2009	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Atwa et al. 2009 is the only compatible sampling family for corn flakes cereal, as sold on this basis in the completed corn flakes cereal ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Atwa et al. 2009

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-42d46e0af232:9b0807f38b2d

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal U reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal U reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤1	≤1	≤1
Alternative weighting	≤1	≤1	≤1

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for corn flakes cereal, as sold on this basis in the completed corn flakes cereal ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-fc5bf73248d0:887fd4a19300

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal Cu reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal Cu reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	2530	2530	2530
Alternative weighting	2530	2530	2530

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Atwa et al. 2009	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Atwa et al. 2009 is the only compatible sampling family for corn flakes cereal, as sold on this basis in the completed corn flakes cereal ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Atwa et al. 2009

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-08a4ac650682:859c4eaa94fe

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal Fe reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal Fe reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	18300	18300	18300
Alternative weighting	18300	18300	18300

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Atwa et al. 2009	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Atwa et al. 2009 is the only compatible sampling family for corn flakes cereal, as sold on this basis in the completed corn flakes cereal ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Atwa et al. 2009

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-e8d0e58200bc:c0f597ea1cf2

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal Mn reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal Mn reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	2430	2430	2430
Alternative weighting	2430	2430	2430

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Atwa et al. 2009	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Atwa et al. 2009 is the only compatible sampling family for corn flakes cereal, as sold on this basis in the completed corn flakes cereal ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Atwa et al. 2009

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-0050e9984c94:3779eb608996

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal Zn reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal Zn reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	21400	21400	21400
Alternative weighting	21400	21400	21400

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Atwa et al. 2009	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Atwa et al. 2009 is the only compatible sampling family for corn flakes cereal, as sold on this basis in the completed corn flakes cereal ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Atwa et al. 2009

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-4985849c677c:fc1ef670e70b

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal Ag reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal Ag reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold, dry weight. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	32	32	32
Alternative weighting	32	32	32

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Atwa et al. 2009	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Atwa et al. 2009 is the only compatible sampling family for corn flakes cereal, as sold on this basis in the completed corn flakes cereal ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Atwa et al. 2009

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-75bad9d803b3:e8858847ab1d

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI corn flakes cereal CrVI reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI corn flakes cereal CrVI reference · Corn flakes cereal, as sold. Corn flakes cereal, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤0.047	≤0.047	≤0.047
Alternative weighting	≤0.047	≤0.047	≤0.047

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Saraiva et al. 2021	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for corn flakes cereal, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Saraiva et al. 2021 is the only compatible sampling family for corn flakes cereal, as sold on this basis in the completed corn flakes cereal ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Saraiva et al. 2021

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:corn-flakes-b26187628b9d:8d3c73cddaaa

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

How metals reach corn flakes cereal

No study in the library compared corn flakes cereal from contaminated and ordinary settings, so the routes by which metals reach it are not measured here.

Which forms and regions measured lower

The HMI reference for lead in corn flakes cereal, as sold pools 36 subgroup units from 2 sampling families, with a median of below 4.45 µg/kg and a middle half spanning below 4 (lower quartile) and below 10 µg/kg (upper quartile).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →} For cadmium in corn flakes cereal, as sold, the reference median was 1.3 µg/kg, with a middle half from between 1.1 and 1.3 to between 1.4 and 3.5 µg/kg across 35 units.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →} For total arsenic in corn flakes cereal, as sold, the reference median was below 3.1 µg/kg, with a middle half from below 3 to below 14.3 µg/kg across 10 units.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}

Among GEMS/Food reporting regions, corn flakes cereal, as sold had the lowest cadmium subgroup median in PAHO (2 µg/kg) and the highest in PAHO (3 µg/kg); reporting regions are markets, not growing areas.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

Processing, cooking and preparation

No processing study for metals in this food is in the library yet.

Mitigation for corn flakes cereal

Lot testing against the applicable limit is the check that can be verified.

No measured way to lower metals in this food is in the library yet.

Trade-offs and limits of controls

Metals do not move together, so a lot that passes a lead limit says little about cadmium, arsenic or nickel unless those are tested as well.

Testing corn flakes cereal for metals

Results depend on the method and its reporting limit. Reporting limits for lead ranged from 4 µg/kg (FDA Total Diet Study) to 3,000 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →} Reporting limits for cadmium ranged from 0.5 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food) to 50 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} Reporting limits for total arsenic ranged from 3 µg/kg (FDA Total Diet Study) to 200 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}

A useful lot result names the form, the basis and a quantification limit well below the limit that applies.

Buying and verifying corn flakes cereal

No maximum level for metals in corn flakes cereal was verified from primary text for this page; buyers should confirm the limit that applies in the destination market.

Exposure from corn flakes cereal

No source in the library converted corn flakes cereal concentrations into a verified estimate of intake for a defined population. Concentrations describe the food, not individual risk.

Evidence review and remaining gaps

Every source record that names corn flakes cereal was decided on its content: 7 occurrence extracted, 7 records in all. The occurrence table renders every extracted result; held values remain visible with their reason.

References identify the sources used in these answers. The Sources index preserves additional discovery links; inclusion there does not mean a source has been reviewed for this assessment. Corrections, completed searches, new direct evidence and changes in requirements should reopen the relevant answer.

Corn flakes cereal FAQs

What heavy metals are found in corn flakes cereal?

The library reports lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, tin, uranium, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ag, CrIII and CrVI in corn flakes cereal, most often lead, cadmium and total arsenic.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{4Atwa MA, Yehia TM, Bassuony NI, EL Karmany AMM, Atwa MA · 2009DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN EGYPTIAN INFANTS FORMULAS, WEANING FOODS AND SOME BREAKFAST FOODS.J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 34(1): 229-238, 2009 (now Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences)Read source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in corn flakes cereal, as sold from 131 results in 2 reporting regions, with subgroup medians below 100 µg/kg, mostly non-detects.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

Which regions report the lowest levels in corn flakes cereal?

Among GEMS/Food reporting regions, corn flakes cereal, as sold had the lowest cadmium subgroup median in PAHO (2 µg/kg) and the highest in PAHO (3 µg/kg); reporting regions are markets, not growing areas.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

How much of the arsenic in corn flakes cereal is inorganic?

Inorganic arsenic, the more toxic form, was measured in 3 results from 2 sources, far fewer than total arsenic.^{5EFSA, Arcella D, Cascio C, Gómez Ruiz JA · 2021Chronic dietary exposure to inorganic arsenicEFSA JournalRead source →}^{6European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →} Across 2 other studies of ordinary farms and markets, reported inorganic arsenic means and medians with the basis not stated ranged from 12.9 µg/kg (European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2014) to 30 µg/kg (EFSA 2021).^{5EFSA, Arcella D, Cascio C, Gómez Ruiz JA · 2021Chronic dietary exposure to inorganic arsenicEFSA JournalRead source →}^{6European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →}

References

Works cited on this page, in citation-number order. See Sources for this page’s source inventory. Each title links to a source record with bibliographic details, reported findings, and document provenance.

GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsWorld Health Organization · GEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme · 2026 · extranet.who.intDataset
FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsU.S. Food and Drug Administration · FDA Total Diet Study · 2022 · www.fda.govDataset
Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Spungen JH and et al. · Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A · 2024 · doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2024.2396910Peer-reviewed
DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN EGYPTIAN INFANTS FORMULAS, WEANING FOODS AND SOME BREAKFAST FOODSAtwa MA, Yehia TM, Bassuony NI, EL Karmany AMM, and Atwa MA · J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 34(1): 229-238, 2009 (now Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences) · 2009 · doi.org/10.21608/jfds.2009.112142Peer-reviewed
Chronic dietary exposure to inorganic arsenicEFSA, Arcella D, Cascio C, and Gómez Ruiz JA · EFSA Journal · 2021 · doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6380Government
Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEuropean Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597 · 2014 · doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3597Government

Sources

Browse Corn flakes cereal Sources for sources cited on this page and additional discovery candidates. The searchable index distinguishes verified citation use from discovery relationships whose relevance has not been established.

Update history

22 October 2026: Rebuilt from every corn flakes cereal record in the library: 7 occurrence sources, references by form and basis, same-study contrasts.

Referenced by

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EFSA

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Heavy metals in Corn flakes cereal

Corn flakes cereal overview

What counts as corn flakes cereal

Heavy metal contamination profile of corn flakes cereal

How metals reach corn flakes cereal

Which forms and regions measured lower

Processing, cooking and preparation

Mitigation for corn flakes cereal

Trade-offs and limits of controls

Testing corn flakes cereal for metals

Buying and verifying corn flakes cereal

Exposure from corn flakes cereal

Evidence review and remaining gaps

Corn flakes cereal FAQs

References

Sources

Update history

Related ingredients

Referenced by

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