Heavy metals in Canned mushrooms

Quick read

Canned mushrooms in the HMI library has 54 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, tin, uranium, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn from 7 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Korfali SI, Abou Hamdan W · 2013Essentail and Toxic Metals in Lebanese Marketed Canned Food: Impact of Metal CansJournal of Food Research 2(1) (2013) 19-30Read source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{5Alsabagh AAA · 2025Assessment of heavy metal and nitrate contamination in canned products from local markets in BaghdadAlnakhla Journal of ScienceRead source →}^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →}

Metals measured:
Lead, cadmium, total arsenic, total mercury, nickel and chromium and others, in 54 results from 7 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Korfali SI, Abou Hamdan W · 2013Essentail and Toxic Metals in Lebanese Marketed Canned Food: Impact of Metal CansJournal of Food Research 2(1) (2013) 19-30Read source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}
Main drivers:
Form, basis and where the canned mushrooms was sampled; reporting limits decide how many results are non-detects.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Korfali SI, Abou Hamdan W · 2013Essentail and Toxic Metals in Lebanese Marketed Canned Food: Impact of Metal CansJournal of Food Research 2(1) (2013) 19-30Read source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}
Practical framing:
Ask for lot results with a quantification limit well below the limit that applies in the destination market.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Korfali SI, Abou Hamdan W · 2013Essentail and Toxic Metals in Lebanese Marketed Canned Food: Impact of Metal CansJournal of Food Research 2(1) (2013) 19-30Read source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}

Canned mushrooms overview

Canned mushrooms in the HMI library has 54 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, tin, uranium, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn from 7 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Korfali SI, Abou Hamdan W · 2013Essentail and Toxic Metals in Lebanese Marketed Canned Food: Impact of Metal CansJournal of Food Research 2(1) (2013) 19-30Read source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{5Alsabagh AAA · 2025Assessment of heavy metal and nitrate contamination in canned products from local markets in BaghdadAlnakhla Journal of ScienceRead source →}^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in canned mushrooms, as sold from 55 results in 2 reporting regions, with subgroup medians below 13 µg/kg, mostly non-detects.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} In the US Total Diet Study, canned mushrooms, canned had a median lead result below 4 µg/kg across 1 composite from 2020.^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}

Dabeka et al. 1995 reported lead at 71.6 µg/kg (median) in canned mushrooms, canned from 5 city composites.^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →} Spungen et al. 2024 reported cadmium at 1.8 µg/kg (mean) in canned mushrooms, canned from all samples.^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}

For a buyer the practical points are the form bought, the basis a result is reported on, where the canned mushrooms came from and the laboratory’s reporting limit. Testing finds contamination but does not remove it.

What counts as canned mushrooms

This page covers canned mushrooms in 2 forms kept separate in every comparison: canned mushrooms, canned (49 results) and canned mushrooms, as sold (5 results).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Korfali SI, Abou Hamdan W · 2013Essentail and Toxic Metals in Lebanese Marketed Canned Food: Impact of Metal CansJournal of Food Research 2(1) (2013) 19-30Read source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{5Alsabagh AAA · 2025Assessment of heavy metal and nitrate contamination in canned products from local markets in BaghdadAlnakhla Journal of ScienceRead source →}^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →}

Results stay on the basis each source reports: as sold or fresh weight, dry weight, or unstated. Dry-weight, as-sold and unstated results are never pooled, and no moisture conversion is applied.

Heavy metal contamination profile of canned mushrooms

The table holds every extracted canned mushrooms result: one row for each statistic a source reports for a form, group and metal, 54 rows in all, grouped by metal and form; percentiles, ranges and maxima for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Korfali SI, Abou Hamdan W · 2013Essentail and Toxic Metals in Lebanese Marketed Canned Food: Impact of Metal CansJournal of Food Research 2(1) (2013) 19-30Read source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{5Alsabagh AAA · 2025Assessment of heavy metal and nitrate contamination in canned products from local markets in BaghdadAlnakhla Journal of ScienceRead source →}^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →} Monitoring medians are HMI calculations from individual submissions; non-detects remain intervals between zero and the reporting limit and are never read as zero.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

0 rows can be rated against an HMI reference for the same form and basis, 6 rows have a direct same-study comparison, and the rest stay unrated with the reason recorded.

Comparison methods and scope

Each row is one statistic a source reports for one form of canned mushrooms, group and metal; percentiles, ranges and maxima reported for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row. Different forms and preparation states are kept apart, and dry-weight results never share a reference with as-sold or fresh-weight results. Ratings place a result against an HMI reference built from monitoring results and ordinary-setting medians for the same form and basis. Same-study contrasts compare a contaminated or treated site with its control, targeted with random sampling, a prepared form with the unprocessed one, or one group of a study with the median of its other groups. Held rows failed a check against their own source and are shown but not compared.

About this table

Food formCollection scopeFindingComparisonEvidence

Canned mushrooms findings from monitoring programmes, total diet studies and every extracted field, market and contaminated-site study, in µg/kg with each source’s form, basis, statistic and censoring retained.
Food form	Collection scope	Finding (µg/kg)

13 findings · 5 studies · 2 spread figures folded in
Canned mushrooms, cannedFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2020As sold / fresh	median.
Canned mushrooms, cannedKorfali et al. 2013	mushroom, highest levelCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	max.
Canned mushrooms, cannedSpungen et al. 2024	all samples2018–2020As sold / fresh	not detected.
Canned mushrooms, cannedAlsabagh 2025	China origin, 3.3% dry solids, Baghdad marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedAlsabagh 2025	China origin, 5.7% dry solids, Baghdad marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	median.
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	mean.Same samples: 42.7 µg/kg (minimum); 106 µg/kg (maximum)
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	min.
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	max.
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 1995	Halifax 19861986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 1995	Montreal 19881986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 1995	Ottawa 1985 (preliminary study)1986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 1995	Toronto 19881986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 1995	Vancouver 19871986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 1995	Winnipeg 19871986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.
2 findings · 1 study
Canned mushrooms, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2009–2016As sold / fresh	median.
Canned mushrooms, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2007–2012As sold / fresh	median.

7 findings · 5 studies · 2 spread figures folded in
Canned mushrooms, cannedFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2020As sold / fresh	median.
Canned mushrooms, cannedKorfali et al. 2013	mushroom, one brand manufactured in ChinaCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedSpungen et al. 2024	all samples2018–2020As sold / fresh	mean.
Canned mushrooms, cannedAlsabagh 2025	China origin, 3.3% dry solids, Baghdad marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedAlsabagh 2025	China origin, 5.7% dry solids, Baghdad marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	median.
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	mean.Same samples: 5.31 µg/kg (minimum); 8.53 µg/kg (maximum)
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	min.
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 1995	5 city composites1986–1988Basis not stated	max.
1 finding · 1 study
Canned mushrooms, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2006As sold / fresh	median.

1 finding · 1 study
Canned mushrooms, cannedFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2020As sold / fresh	median.
2 findings · 1 study
Canned mushrooms, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2014–2023As sold / fresh	median.
Canned mushrooms, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2017As sold / fresh	median.

4 findings · 3 studies
Canned mushrooms, cannedFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2020As sold / fresh	median.
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 2003	Ottawa composite (retail Oct-Nov 2000)1998–2000As sold / fresh	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 2003	Whitehorse composite (retail Jan-Feb 1998)1998–2000As sold / fresh	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedKorfali et al. 2013	mushroom, highest vegetable HgCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	max.

2 findings · 2 studies
Canned mushrooms, cannedFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2020As sold / fresh	median.
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 1995	Montreal composite1986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.

1 finding · 1 study
Canned mushrooms, cannedFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2020As sold / fresh	median.

1 finding · 1 study
Canned mushrooms, cannedKorfali et al. 2013	mushroomsCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	sample value.

1 finding · 1 study
Canned mushrooms, cannedKorfali et al. 2013	mushroom, high SnCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	max.

1 finding · 1 study
Canned mushrooms, cannedFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2020As sold / fresh	median.

3 findings · 2 studies
Canned mushrooms, cannedAlsabagh 2025	China origin, 3.3% dry solids, Baghdad marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedAlsabagh 2025	China origin, 5.7% dry solids, Baghdad marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedDabeka et al. 1995	Montreal composite1986–1988Basis not stated	sample value.

3 findings · 2 studies
Canned mushrooms, cannedKorfali et al. 2013	mushroomCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedAlsabagh 2025	China origin, 3.3% dry solids, Baghdad marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedAlsabagh 2025	China origin, 5.7% dry solids, Baghdad marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	sample value.

3 findings · 2 studies
Canned mushrooms, cannedKorfali et al. 2013	mushroomCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedAlsabagh 2025	China origin, 3.3% dry solids, Baghdad marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedAlsabagh 2025	China origin, 5.7% dry solids, Baghdad marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	sample value.

2 findings · 1 study
Canned mushrooms, cannedAlsabagh 2025	China origin, 3.3% dry solids, Baghdad marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedAlsabagh 2025	China origin, 5.7% dry solids, Baghdad marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	sample value.

3 findings · 2 studies
Canned mushrooms, cannedKorfali et al. 2013	mushroomCollection date unreportedAs sold / fresh	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedAlsabagh 2025	China origin, 3.3% dry solids, Baghdad marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	sample value.
Canned mushrooms, cannedAlsabagh 2025	China origin, 5.7% dry solids, Baghdad marketCollection date unreportedDry weight	sample value.

Shared dataset methods and interpretation

Source summaries retain their original statistic, material, basis and censoring. Each source drawer identifies methods and overlapping samples. No matched reference or pooled distribution is inferred.

HMI canned mushrooms Pb reference · Canned mushrooms, canned

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms Pb reference · Canned mushrooms, canned. Canned mushrooms, canned; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤4	≤4	≤4
Alternative weighting	≤4	≤4	≤4

2 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	1	50%
Spungen et al. 2024	1	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-02a0dca674c1:778731329a70

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms Pb reference · Canned mushrooms, canned, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms Pb reference · Canned mushrooms, canned, dry weight. Canned mushrooms, canned; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	2900	4050	5200
Alternative weighting	2900	4050	5200

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Alsabagh 2025	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Alsabagh 2025 is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, canned on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Alsabagh 2025

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-2fa167287aca:77ab74bbe1c4

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms Pb reference · Canned mushrooms, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms Pb reference · Canned mushrooms, as sold. Canned mushrooms, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤1.77	1.27–3.65 (bounded)	3.65–12.3 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	≤1.77	1.27–3.65 (bounded)	3.65–12.3 (bounded)

8 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	8	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, as sold on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-cedc4382ed46:14f9ed591155

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms Cd reference · Canned mushrooms, canned

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms Cd reference · Canned mushrooms, canned. Canned mushrooms, canned; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	1.8	93.4	185
Alternative weighting	1.8	93.4	185

2 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	1	50%
Korfali et al. 2013	1	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-2919a22d01d9:2404d2c8f16d

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms Cd reference · Canned mushrooms, canned, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms Cd reference · Canned mushrooms, canned, dry weight. Canned mushrooms, canned; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	100	100	100
Alternative weighting	100	100	100

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Alsabagh 2025	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Alsabagh 2025 is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, canned on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Alsabagh 2025

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-77a36115b029:ecc7850a5031

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms tAs reference · Canned mushrooms, canned

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms tAs reference · Canned mushrooms, canned. Canned mushrooms, canned; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	6.7	6.7	6.7
Alternative weighting	6.7	6.7	6.7

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, canned on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-55351021408f:98b041645171

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms tAs reference · Canned mushrooms, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms tAs reference · Canned mushrooms, as sold. Canned mushrooms, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	3.55–5.3 (bounded)	4.13–7.22 (bounded)	7–13 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	3.55–5.3 (bounded)	4.25–7.22 (bounded)	7–13 (bounded)

10 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	10	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, as sold on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-3eb80409d652:29eed62828de

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms tHg reference · Canned mushrooms, canned

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms tHg reference · Canned mushrooms, canned. Canned mushrooms, canned; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	1.4	3.25	10.6
Alternative weighting	1.4	3.25	10.6

3 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	1	50%
Dabeka et al. 2003	2	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-9a5048c20c5a:b6d074e91f62

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms Ni reference · Canned mushrooms, canned

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms Ni reference · Canned mushrooms, canned. Canned mushrooms, canned; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤40	≤40	≤40
Alternative weighting	≤40	≤40	≤40

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, canned on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-67e729f7b528:352af4bca869

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms Cr reference · Canned mushrooms, canned

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms Cr reference · Canned mushrooms, canned. Canned mushrooms, canned; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤50	≤50	≤50
Alternative weighting	≤50	≤50	≤50

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, canned on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-a17545be469b:6951b57e43e3

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms Al reference · Canned mushrooms, canned

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms Al reference · Canned mushrooms, canned. Canned mushrooms, canned; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	1250	1250	1250
Alternative weighting	1250	1250	1250

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Korfali et al. 2013	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Korfali et al. 2013 is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, canned on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Korfali et al. 2013

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-8334cbb1798d:a73e8a54b7a8

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms U reference · Canned mushrooms, canned

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms U reference · Canned mushrooms, canned. Canned mushrooms, canned; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	1.7	1.7	1.7
Alternative weighting	1.7	1.7	1.7

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, canned on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-d310903c6f14:08405a4d496b

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms Co reference · Canned mushrooms, canned, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms Co reference · Canned mushrooms, canned, dry weight. Canned mushrooms, canned; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	1300	1550	1800
Alternative weighting	1300	1550	1800

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Alsabagh 2025	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Alsabagh 2025 is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, canned on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Alsabagh 2025

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-8455fc2782cb:d84d37e563b7

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms Cu reference · Canned mushrooms, canned

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms Cu reference · Canned mushrooms, canned. Canned mushrooms, canned; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	1420	1420	1420
Alternative weighting	1420	1420	1420

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Korfali et al. 2013	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Korfali et al. 2013 is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, canned on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Korfali et al. 2013

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-7035fc27f9a6:e6e138781343

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms Cu reference · Canned mushrooms, canned, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms Cu reference · Canned mushrooms, canned, dry weight. Canned mushrooms, canned; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	20700	20900	21100
Alternative weighting	20700	20900	21100

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Alsabagh 2025	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Alsabagh 2025 is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, canned on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Alsabagh 2025

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-c22fb6c5e3cb:f6894e960a1a

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms Fe reference · Canned mushrooms, canned

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms Fe reference · Canned mushrooms, canned. Canned mushrooms, canned; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	11800	11800	11800
Alternative weighting	11800	11800	11800

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Korfali et al. 2013	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Korfali et al. 2013 is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, canned on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Korfali et al. 2013

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-10de42db2558:f853f9cebda5

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms Fe reference · Canned mushrooms, canned, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms Fe reference · Canned mushrooms, canned, dry weight. Canned mushrooms, canned; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	68400	72800	77200
Alternative weighting	68400	72800	77200

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Alsabagh 2025	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Alsabagh 2025 is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, canned on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Alsabagh 2025

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-dd342330afbf:6d4620a0e94a

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms Mn reference · Canned mushrooms, canned, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms Mn reference · Canned mushrooms, canned, dry weight. Canned mushrooms, canned; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	3900	4050	4200
Alternative weighting	3900	4050	4200

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Alsabagh 2025	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Alsabagh 2025 is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, canned on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Alsabagh 2025

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-21c6c212ca52:4fd242700abc

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms Zn reference · Canned mushrooms, canned

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms Zn reference · Canned mushrooms, canned. Canned mushrooms, canned; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	8500	8500	8500
Alternative weighting	8500	8500	8500

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Korfali et al. 2013	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Korfali et al. 2013 is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, canned on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Korfali et al. 2013

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-91f1ff2dcc3e:418881691038

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI canned mushrooms Zn reference · Canned mushrooms, canned, dry weight

Reference and scope

HMI canned mushrooms Zn reference · Canned mushrooms, canned, dry weight. Canned mushrooms, canned; Dry weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	23700	34400	45000
Alternative weighting	23700	34400	45000

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Alsabagh 2025	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for canned mushrooms, canned on a dry weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Alsabagh 2025 is the only compatible sampling family for canned mushrooms, canned on this basis in the completed canned mushrooms ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Alsabagh 2025

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:canned-mushrooms-800b0b09a385:a5d2563f8653

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

How metals reach canned mushrooms

No study in the library compared canned mushrooms from contaminated and ordinary settings, so the routes by which metals reach it are not measured here.

Which forms and regions measured lower

The HMI reference for lead in canned mushrooms, as sold pools 8 subgroup units from 1 sampling family, with a median of between 1.27 and 3.65 µg/kg and a middle half spanning below 1.77 (lower quartile) and between 3.65 and 12.3 µg/kg (upper quartile).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} For total arsenic in canned mushrooms, as sold, the reference median was between 4.13 and 7.22 µg/kg, with a middle half from between 3.55 and 5.3 to between 7 and 13 µg/kg across 10 units.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

In one study, lead across 6 groups of canned mushrooms ranged from 42.7 µg/kg (Halifax 1986) to 106 µg/kg (Toronto 1988); the lowest is the lowest observed in that study, not an established sourcing preference.^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →}

Processing, cooking and preparation

No processing study for metals in this food is in the library yet.

Mitigation for canned mushrooms

Lot testing against the applicable limit is the check that can be verified.

No measured way to lower metals in this food is in the library yet.

Trade-offs and limits of controls

Metals do not move together, so a lot that passes a lead limit says little about cadmium, arsenic or nickel unless those are tested as well.

Testing canned mushrooms for metals

Results depend on the method and its reporting limit. Reporting limits for lead ranged from 2 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food) to 90 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} Reporting limits for cadmium were 1 µg/kg where sources stated them.^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →} Reporting limits for total arsenic ranged from 3 µg/kg (FDA Total Diet Study) to 50 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}

A useful lot result names the form, the basis and a quantification limit well below the limit that applies.

Buying and verifying canned mushrooms

No maximum level for metals in canned mushrooms was verified from primary text for this page; buyers should confirm the limit that applies in the destination market.

Exposure from canned mushrooms

No source in the library converted canned mushrooms concentrations into a verified estimate of intake for a defined population. Concentrations describe the food, not individual risk.

Evidence review and remaining gaps

Every source record that names canned mushrooms was decided on its content: 7 occurrence extracted, 7 records in all. The occurrence table renders every extracted result; held values remain visible with their reason.

References identify the sources used in these answers. The Sources index preserves additional discovery links; inclusion there does not mean a source has been reviewed for this assessment. Corrections, completed searches, new direct evidence and changes in requirements should reopen the relevant answer.

Canned mushrooms FAQs

What heavy metals are found in canned mushrooms?

The library reports lead, cadmium, total arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, tin, uranium, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in canned mushrooms, most often lead, cadmium and total arsenic.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Korfali SI, Abou Hamdan W · 2013Essentail and Toxic Metals in Lebanese Marketed Canned Food: Impact of Metal CansJournal of Food Research 2(1) (2013) 19-30Read source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in canned mushrooms, as sold from 55 results in 2 reporting regions, with subgroup medians below 13 µg/kg, mostly non-detects.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

Which origins or products of canned mushrooms measured lowest?

In one study, lead across 6 groups of canned mushrooms ranged from 42.7 µg/kg (Halifax 1986) to 106 µg/kg (Toronto 1988); the lowest is the lowest observed in that study, not an established sourcing preference.^{6Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD · 1995Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Journal of AOAC InternationalRead source →}

References

Works cited on this page, in citation-number order. See Sources for this page’s source inventory. Each title links to a source record with bibliographic details, reported findings, and document provenance.

GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsWorld Health Organization · GEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme · 2026 · extranet.who.intDataset
FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsU.S. Food and Drug Administration · FDA Total Diet Study · 2022 · www.fda.govDataset
Essentail and Toxic Metals in Lebanese Marketed Canned Food: Impact of Metal CansKorfali SI and Abou Hamdan W · Journal of Food Research 2(1) (2013) 19-30 · 2013 · doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v2n1p19Peer-reviewed
Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Spungen JH and et al. · Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A · 2024 · doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2024.2396910Peer-reviewed
Assessment of heavy metal and nitrate contamination in canned products from local markets in BaghdadAlsabagh AAA · Alnakhla Journal of Science · 2025 · doi.org/10.63799/AJOS/14.2.7Peer-reviewed
Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988Dabeka RW and McKenzie AD · Journal of AOAC International · 1995 · academic.oup.comPeer-reviewed

Sources

Browse Canned mushrooms Sources for sources cited on this page and additional discovery candidates. The searchable index distinguishes verified citation use from discovery relationships whose relevance has not been established.

Update history

22 October 2026: Rebuilt from every canned mushrooms record in the library: 7 occurrence sources, references by form and basis, same-study contrasts.

Referenced by

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Food and Drug Administration

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Food Additives

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Heavy metals in Canned mushrooms

Canned mushrooms overview

What counts as canned mushrooms

Heavy metal contamination profile of canned mushrooms

How metals reach canned mushrooms

Which forms and regions measured lower

Processing, cooking and preparation

Mitigation for canned mushrooms

Trade-offs and limits of controls

Testing canned mushrooms for metals

Buying and verifying canned mushrooms

Exposure from canned mushrooms

Evidence review and remaining gaps

Canned mushrooms FAQs

References

Sources

Update history

Related ingredients

Referenced by

Graph View