Cadmium: citations and reported findings from the source records associated with this metal profile. These records include measurements and context; inclusion does not establish that every source reports a food concentration.
Cadmium summary, limits and key findings | Previous records
Table pages: 1 to 200 · 201 to 400 · 401 to 600 · 601 to 800 · 801 to 1000 · 1001 to 1200 · 1201 to 1400 · 1401 to 1600 · 1601 to 1800 · 1801 to 1843
Showing source records 1801 to 1843 of 1843.
Sources
Sources catalogued for this page. The last column says how each source is used here.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on the metal profile for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1801 | Committee on Toxicity of 2003. COT statement on a survey of metals in infant food, Committee on Toxicity statement | 2003 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn occurrence in Commercial UK baby foods and formulae, including infant formulae, manufactured baby foods, desserts, rusks, and infant drinks, surveyed… (n=189) |
| 1802 | Lee et al. 2003. Overexpression of Arabidopsis Phytochelatin Synthase Paradoxically Leads to Hypersensitivity to Cadmium Stress, Plant Physiology | 2003 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Zn, Cu occurrence in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Columbia) seedlings — 16 independent T-DNA lines overexpressing C-terminal FLAG-tagged AtPCS1 (pcs1-pcs16, of which… |
| 1803 | Almela et al. 2002. Heavy Metal, Total Arsenic, and Inorganic Arsenic Contents of Algae Food Products, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | 2002 | Peer-reviewed | ES tAs, iAs, Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in Eighteen processed edible-algae food products on retail sale in Valencia, Spain: 12 brown-algae products (wakame from Undaria pinnatifida,… (n=18) |
| 1804 | authors 2002. of food sources. However, especially in developed countries, hu- potential for toxic material components to migrate into food and, Peer-reviewed article | 2002 | Peer-reviewed | US MeHg, Cd, Pb, tAs, Al, Cr occurrence in Not mechanically resolved from the PDF; see Key numbers for source-reported sample descriptors. |
| 1805 | Cobbett et al. 2002. Phytochelatins and Metallothioneins: Roles in Heavy Metal Detoxification and Homeostasis, Annual Review of Plant Biology | 2002 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, iAs, tHg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni occurrence in Narrative review of the phytochelatin and metallothionein literature; primary focus on Arabidopsis thaliana, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and other plant… |
| 1806 | EU 2002. Directive 2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on undesirable substances in animal feed - consolidated version of 28 November 2019, Official Journal of the European Communities / EUR-Lex consolidated text | 2002 | Government report | EU tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg concentrations |
| 1807 | OEHHA 2001. Proposition 65 Maximum Allowable Daily Level (MADL) for Reproductive Toxicity for Cadmium (Oral Route), California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment | 2001 | Government report | California Prop 65 oral MADL for Cd of 4.1 µg/day based on developmental toxicity; implements 1997 reproductive-toxicity listing using Ali 1986 rat LOEL with 1,000-fold safety factor |
| 1808 | Stringer et al. 2001. Toxic chemicals in a child’s world: an investigation into PVC plastic products, Greenpeace Research Laboratories, University of Exeter (UK); June 2001 | 2001 | NGO report | AT/BR/CA Pb, Cd, Sn occurrence in 54 vinyl-chloride (PVC or vinyl) consumer products purchased in 20 countries (Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Czech Republic,… (n=54) |
| 1809 | authors 2000. 4 Fisheries Administration, Phnom Penh 120101, Cambodia; chhounchamnan@gmail.com (C.C.);, Peer-reviewed article | 2000 | Peer-reviewed | US MeHg, tHg, Cd, Pb, tAs, Sn occurrence in Not mechanically resolved from the PDF; see Key numbers for source-reported sample descriptors. |
| 1810 | authors 2000. Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Mercury Along the, Peer-reviewed article | 2000 | Peer-reviewed | US MeHg, tHg, Cd, tAs occurrence in Not mechanically resolved from the PDF; see Key numbers for source-reported sample descriptors. |
| 1811 | authors 2000. Human Exposure to Toxic Elements Through Meat Consumption, Peer-reviewed article | 2000 | Peer-reviewed | US tHg, Cd, Pb, tAs, Ni, Cr occurrence in Not mechanically resolved from the PDF; see Key numbers for source-reported sample descriptors. |
| 1812 | authors 2000. Interplay Between Vitamin D Levels and Heavy Metals Exposure, Peer-reviewed article | 2000 | Peer-reviewed | US MeHg, tHg, Cd, Pb, iAs, Ni, Al, Sn, Cr occurrence in Not mechanically resolved from the PDF; see Key numbers for source-reported sample descriptors. |
| 1813 | authors 2000. OPEN Acute toxicity of mercury in, Peer-reviewed article | 2000 | Peer-reviewed | US MeHg, tHg, Cd, Pb, tAs occurrence in Not mechanically resolved from the PDF; see Key numbers for source-reported sample descriptors. |
| 1814 | Bae et al. 2000. Enhanced Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals by Bacterial Cells Displaying Synthetic Phytochelatins, Biotechnology and Bioengineering | 2000 | Peer-reviewed | Cd occurrence in Recombinant Escherichia coli strain JM105 transformed with plasmids encoding Lpp-OmpA-fused synthetic phytochelatin analogs (EC8 with n=8 cysteines, EC11… |
| 1815 | OEHHA 2000. Appendix F - Dermal Uptake of Chemicals from Soil (Technical Support Document for Exposure Assessment and Stochastic Analysis), Cal/EPA OEHHA Air Toxics Hot Spots Program - Technical Support Document for Exposure Assessment and Stochastic Analysis | 2000 | Government report | US tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Ni, Cr-VI, Be occurrence in Regulatory guidance; per-chemical dermal absorption fraction (ABS) point estimates derived from review of in-vivo and in-vitro percutaneous-absorption studies… |
| 1816 | Zhou et al. 2000. Heavy Metal Contamination in Vegetables and Their Control in China, Food Reviews International | 2000 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn occurrence in Secondary review of previously published Chinese city surveys of vegetables and some grains. Tables 2-11 reproduce values from… |
| 1817 | authors 1999. Potentially Toxic Metals (PTMs), Peer-reviewed article | 1999 | Peer-reviewed | US Cd, Pb, tAs, Cr occurrence in Not mechanically resolved from the PDF; see Key numbers for source-reported sample descriptors. |
| 1818 | Voegborlo et al. 1999. Mercury, cadmium and lead content of canned tuna fish, Food Chemistry | 1999 | Peer-reviewed | LY tHg, Cd, Pb occurrence in Fifty 5 kg cans of tuna fish from the Tuna Canning Factory in Misurata, Libya; tuna were caught… (n=50) |
| 1819 | authors 1997. an “alyson” that appeared to be confined to serpentine soils,, Peer-reviewed article | 1997 | Peer-reviewed | US tHg, Cd, Pb, tAs, Ni occurrence in Not mechanically resolved from the PDF; see Key numbers for source-reported sample descriptors. |
| 1820 | U.S. Consumer Product Safety 1997. CPSC Staff Report on Lead and Cadmium in Children’s Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Products, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Staff Report | 1997 | Regulatory | US Pb, Cd occurrence in Twelve of the 18 children’s polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products identified as likely to be handled, mouthed, or chewed… (n=12) |
| 1821 | Di Gangi 1997. Lead and Cadmium in Vinyl Children’s Products: A Greenpeace Exposé, Greenpeace USA (Washington, DC); ERIC document ED 414 034 / PS 026 006 | 1997 | NGO report | US/CA Pb, Cd occurrence in 131 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) consumer products purchased at national chain stores (Kmart, Wal-Mart, Target, Toys R Us, Disney… (n=131) |
| 1822 | Chile Ministry of Health 1996. Decreto 977, SALUD (1996) - Reglamento Sanitario de los Alimentos, Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile / Ley Chile | 1996 | Government report | CL tAs, iAs, Cd, Sn concentrations |
| 1823 | OEHHA 1996. Evidence on the Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of Cadmium, California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment | 1996 | Government report | California Prop 65 Cd hazard identification document; compiles human epidemiology and animal data supporting DART Committee’s 1996 determination of Cd as developmental and male reproductive toxicant |
| 1824 | Codex 1995. General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (CXS 193-1995), Codex Alimentarius (Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme) | 1995 | Government report | Codex CXS 193-1995 General Standard for Contaminants: operative international Cd MLs spanning 22 matrix categories (0.003–2.0 mg/kg), including most recently added quinoa ML (0.15 mg/kg, 2024) |
| 1825 | Dabeka et al. 1995. Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988, Journal of AOAC International | 1995 | Peer-reviewed | CA Pb, Cd, Ni, Co occurrence in Five Canadian total-diet composite groups, each with 113 composites and 39 composite subsets, prepared from foods purchased in… (n=760) |
| 1826 | Acosta et al. 1993. Levels of Cd, Pb, and Ni in Different Types of Vinegars, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology | 1993 | Peer-reviewed | ES/DE/GB Cd, Pb, Ni occurrence in 52 bottled vinegars from supermarkets in Tenerife and Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain): 26 wine vinegar, 10 apple… (n=52) |
| 1827 | authors 1993. of lead exposure in utero and in early childhood. Blood lead levels in the children ranged from 10 to showed that 6% of children 1–4 years old had, Peer-reviewed article | 1993 | Peer-reviewed | US Cd, Pb occurrence in Not mechanically resolved from the PDF; see Key numbers for source-reported sample descriptors. |
| 1828 | Chou et al. 1993. Cadmium in American lobster (Homarus americanus) from the area of Belledune Harbour, New Brunswick, Canada: 1980-1992 results, Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 1916 | 1993 | Gray literature | CA Cd, Pb, tHg, tAs, Cu, Ag occurrence in American lobster (Homarus americanus) captured 1980-1992 at eight sites in and around Belledune Harbour, New Brunswick, Canada —… |
| 1829 | authors 1990. Mercury Scenario in Fish from the Amazon Basin: Exploring the, Peer-reviewed article | 1990 | Peer-reviewed | US MeHg, tHg, Cd occurrence in Not mechanically resolved from the PDF; see Key numbers for source-reported sample descriptors. |
| 1830 | Garrity et al. 1990. Tissue-Specific Expression from a Compound TATA-Dependent and TATA-Independent Promoter, Molecular and Cellular Biology | 1990 | Peer-reviewed | Cd occurrence in Male mice 8-15 weeks old (DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, BDF1 strains; Jackson Laboratories); cultured P cells (L-cell derivatives) and NIH… |
| 1831 | Sources et al. 1990. Heavy Metals in Air, Soil, and, Peer-reviewed article | 1990 | Peer-reviewed | US tHg, Cd, Pb, tAs, Ni, Al, Cr occurrence in Not mechanically resolved from the PDF; see Key numbers for source-reported sample descriptors. |
| 1832 | EPA 1989. Cadmium (CASRN 7440-43-9) — IRIS Chemical Assessment Summary, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Risk Information System | 1989 | Government report | US EPA IRIS oral RfD for Cd: 5×10⁻⁴ mg/kg/day for water exposure and 1×10⁻³ mg/kg/day for food, reflecting twofold higher absorption from water; renal tubular endpoint, both operative since 1989 |
| 1833 | Grill et al. 1989. Phytochelatins, the heavy-metal-binding peptides of plants, are synthesized from glutathione by a specific gamma-glutamylcysteine dipeptidyl transpeptidase (phytochelatin synthase), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA | 1989 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in In vitro enzymology in Silene cucubalus cell suspension cultures; no food, environmental, or human samples. |
| 1834 | Nagel et al. 1989. In Vitro Evolution and Preliminary Characterization of a Cadmium-Resistant Population of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Applied and Environmental Microbiology | 1989 | Peer-reviewed | Cd occurrence in Two laboratory strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (cell-wall-deficient mutant CW-15 and its in-vitro-evolved Cd-tolerant derivative CW15-Cdr); no food, environmental,… |
| 1835 | authors 1988. Effects of methylmercury toxicity on fetal brain development: review of, Peer-reviewed article | 1988 | Peer-reviewed | US MeHg, tHg, Cd, Pb occurrence in Not mechanically resolved from the PDF; see Key numbers for source-reported sample descriptors. |
| 1836 | Dabeka et al. 1987. Lead, cadmium, and fluoride levels in market milk and infant formulas in Canada, Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists 70(4):754-757 | 1987 | Study | 1987 Canadian survey of Cd, Pb, and fluoride in market milk and infant formulas; historical baseline showing Cd in 1980s Canadian formula well above modern values, documenting 40-year reduction trajectory |
| 1837 | Buchet et al. 1983. Oral daily intake of cadmium, lead, manganese, copper, chromium, mercury, calcium, zinc and arsenic in Belgium: a duplicate meal study, Food and Chemical Toxicology | 1983 | Peer-reviewed | BE Cd, Pb, Mn, Cu, Cr, tHg, Ca, Zn, tAs occurrence in One hundred twenty-four 24-hour duplicate meals and beverages collected from Brussels, Liege, Charleroi, and a Brussels hospital kitchen… (n=124) |
| 1838 | authors 1982. Total mercury concentrations in muscles, Peer-reviewed article | 1982 | Peer-reviewed | US MeHg, tHg, Cd, tAs occurrence in Not mechanically resolved from the PDF; see Key numbers for source-reported sample descriptors. |
| 1839 | authors 1981. Arsenic Uptake, Toxicity, Detoxification, and, Peer-reviewed article | 1981 | Peer-reviewed | US tHg, Cd, Pb, iAs, Ni, Al, Cr occurrence in Not mechanically resolved from the PDF; see Key numbers for source-reported sample descriptors. |
| 1840 | Kirkpatrick et al. 1980. The Trace Element Content of Canadian Baby Foods and Estimation of Trace Element Intake by Infants, Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal 13(4):154-161 | 1980 | Peer-reviewed | 1975 Canadian national survey of Cd and eight other metals in 330 baby food and formula samples across 11 categories; historical baseline only (AAS LOD 10 ppb limits precision; useful for 50-year trend documentation) |
| 1841 | Ammerman et al. 1977. Contaminating elements in mineral supplements and their potential toxicity: A review, Journal of Animal Science | 1977 | Peer-reviewed | US/CA Pb, tAs, Cd, Al, tHg, V occurrence in Example analyses of feed-grade micro-mineral supplement materials in Table 2: manganese oxide (n=3), iron carbonate/sulfate/oxide (n=5), zinc oxide… (n=12) |
| 1842 | Mahaffey et al. 1975. Heavy Metal Exposure from Foods, Environmental Health Perspectives | 1975 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Zn occurrence in FDA Total Diet Study (Market Basket Survey) 1965–1974; 30 market baskets per year collected from US retail stores… |
| 1843 | Nielsen et al. 1975. Heavy metal levels in New Zealand molluscs, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 9(4), 467-481 | 1975 | Peer-reviewed | NZ Cd, Pb, tHg, Cu, Zn, Fe occurrence in Two hundred and three numbered samples (Appendix sample numbers 1-203) drawn from 199 sampling sites distributed around the… (n=203) |