Overview
The authors measured 13 elements by ICP-MS in 71 beekeeper honeys from nine Turkish provinces collected in 2015 and 2016. Lead, cadmium, chromium and nickel were below 1 ppb in every sample; only summary statistics are printed.
Key numbers
- Lead, cadmium, chromium and nickel: minimum, maximum and mean all <1 ppb (Table 4).
- Aluminum mean 69.7 ± 141 ppb, maximum 960 ppb (Table 4).
- Copper mean 68.5 ± 193 ppb; zinc mean 49.9 ± 49.7 ppb (Table 4).
Methods (brief)
Microwave digestion with HNO3 and H2O2, ICP-MS (Agilent 7500ce). QA by NIST SRM 1515, but Table 3 lists every certified value as 10.0 ppm, which does not match that material.
Evidence Fitness
A sizeable beekeeper sample with stated years, but no per-sample or per-province data and a doubtful QA table. The lead and cadmium non-detects rest on a 1 ppb reporting level. Honey is a proxy for pancake-syrup and does not link that page.