Zhao 2016 - Xiamen seafood metals

Zhao and colleagues paired a Xiamen adult seafood-consumption survey with market sampling of fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and algae. The occurrence component measured lead, cadmium, chromium, total mercury, and total arsenic in 156 samples of 14 seafood types. The paper uses assumed methylmercury and inorganic-arsenic fractions for risk calculations, but the analytical occurrence table reports total Hg and total As only.

Key numbers

The study reports 738 completed participant questionnaires out of 850 invited residents (87 % participation). Daily intake of all 24 seafood types was 61.5 (2.14, 115) g/day; the four most consumed seafood groups were fish 16.1 (2.14, 42.9) g/day, mollusk 12.9 (3.21, 34.3) g/day, alga 9.29 (2.14, 19.3) g/day, and crustacean 4.29 (1.34, 12.0) g/day.

The results text summarizes 156 samples of 14 most-consumed seafood types with overall concentration ranges of ND-0.45, ND-0.19, ND-0.80, ND-0.70, and 0.32-16.9 mg/kg for Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As, respectively.

Table 2 reports seafood concentrations in mg/kg, w.w.:

The table footnote says ND not detected and notes that the Porphyra tenera row is Means dry weight; the methods equation defines seafood concentration as mg/kg wet weight (w.w.), so downstream extraction should preserve the Porphyra dry-weight footnote separately.

The paper states that the measured arsenic was total As. For risk assessment, the authors assumed MeHg and InAs constituted 62 % of total Hg and 10 % of total As, respectively. Table 4 therefore reports modeled THQ values for MeHg and In As, not measured speciation values; the total combined non-carcinogenic HI for all seafood reached 0.69-2.20.

Methods (brief)

Seafood intake data were collected by face-to-face dietary-history and food-frequency questionnaires covering 24 seafood types. The occurrence study randomly acquired 156 samples of fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and algae from traditional seafood markets and supermarkets in six Xiamen districts. Edible parts were washed, pureed, stored at -20 °C, digested by HNO3-H2O2 or HNO3-HClO4 with microwave digestion, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry for Pb, Cd, and Cr and atomic fluorescence spectrometry for Hg and As. Quality control used seafood reference material GBW-10050; method recoveries were 90-105 %.

Implications

This source provides Chinese coastal-market occurrence evidence for seafood, fish, shellfish, crustaceans, and edible algae/seaweed. It is useful for routing broad seafood evidence and for preserving fish-versus-shellfish-versus-seaweed matrix distinctions. Because the source measured total Hg and total As only, the occurrence values should remain tHg and tAs; the assumed MeHg/InAs fractions belong to exposure-risk context and should not be treated as measured speciation.

Verification notes

• PDF text was extracted with pdftotext -layout; title/byline, abstract, participant/sampling methods, analytical methods, intake Table 1, occurrence Table 2, standards Table 3 footnotes, and Table 4 risk labels were checked in /tmp/f3_unrepresented_texts/zhao2016.txt.
• DOI 10.1007/s11356-016-6817-8, raw handle MFK_zhao2016, and cite-key searches found no existing source page before creation.
• Table 2 values are copied in mg/kg, w.w. as printed. The Porphyra tenera dry-weight footnote is documented rather than normalized.
• Speciation: occurrence measurements are total Hg and total As. The source’s modeled MeHg and InAs assumptions are recorded in Key numbers but not promoted to frontmatter as measured MeHg/iAs.
• Brand firewall: no sampled seafood brands were reported.
• Frontmatter slugs were checked against docs/gpt-collaboration/taxonomy-snapshot.md; narrow species slugs are absent, so broad seafood/fish/shellfish/seaweed routing is used.

Page history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.