Cadmium: citations and reported findings from the source records associated with this metal profile. These records include measurements and context; inclusion does not establish that every source reports a food concentration.
Cadmium summary, limits and key findings | Previous records
Table pages: 1 to 200 · 201 to 400 · 401 to 600 · 601 to 800 · 801 to 1000 · 1001 to 1200 · 1201 to 1400 · 1401 to 1600 · 1601 to 1800 · 1801 to 2000 · 2001 to 2133
Showing source records 2001 to 2133 of 2133.
Sources
Source records associated with this topic. Inclusion does not establish that every finding applies to this product or ingredient. References on the metal profile identify works cited in its text. Additional records await source or bibliographic review and are excluded from this list.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on the metal profile for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | Pandelova et al. 2012. Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn contents in baby foods from the EU market: Comparison of assessed infant intakes with the present safety limits for minerals and trace elements, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | EU CASCADE project: Cd and nine other elements in EU market baskets of milk-based, soy-based, and hypoallergenic infant formula plus solid foods; higher Cd in soy-based formula than milk-based |
| 2002 | Saei-Dehkordi et al. 2012. Determination of Lead, Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc Content in Commercial Iranian Vinegars Using Stripping Chronopotentiometry, Food Analytical Methods | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn occurrence in 96 commercial Iranian vinegars: 24 each of date, apple, white grape, and red grape; purchased August 2010 to… (n=96) |
| 2003 | General Administration of Quality 2012. GB 28480-2012 饰品 有害元素限量的规定, National Standard of the People’s Republic of China | 2012 | Government report | CN Ni, tAs, Cr-VI, tHg, Pb, Cd, Sb, Cr-total concentrations |
| 2004 | Shue et al. 2012. Seasonal variations of heavy metals in the bivalve’s mollusks from Ta-Peng Bay lagoon in southwestern Taiwan, Advanced Materials Research | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | TW Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr occurrence in Six bivalve species (Katelysia hiantina, Anomalocardia squamosa, Perna viridis, Anadara antiquata, Paphia undulata, Sanguinolaria diphos) collected from Ta-Peng… (n=72) |
| 2005 | Siddiqui et al. 2012. Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Hen Eggs by Graphite France Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Estimation of the Daily Intake, Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Series B: Biological Sciences 2012, 55 (2): 93-100 | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2006 | Stone 2012. Quality Assurance Project Plan: Formaldehyde, Volatile Organic Compounds and Metals in Children’s Products, Washington State Department of Ecology, Publication 12-07-024 (April 2012) | 2012 | Regulatory | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2007 | Stone 2012. Quality Assurance Project Plan: Parabens and Metals in Children’s Cosmetic and Personal Care Products, Washington State Department of Ecology, Hazardous Waste and Toxics Reduction Program, Publication 12-07-021 (February 2012) | 2012 | Regulatory | US-WA/US Sb, tAs, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, tHg, Mo, Zn occurrence in Planning document only; no samples analysed within this QAPP. The QAPP scopes a planned procurement of approximately 200… |
| 2008 | Stone 2012. Quality Assurance Project Plan: Phthalates and Metals in Children’s Products, Washington State Department of Ecology, Publication 12-07-023 (March 2012) | 2012 | Regulatory | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2009 | Stone 2012. Quality Assurance Project Plan: Phthalates and Metals in Packaging from Consumer and Children’s Products, Washington State Department of Ecology, Publication 12-07-022 (February 2012) | 2012 | Regulatory | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2010 | Surface 2012. When citing papers from this publication, the appropriate citation includes the paper, Peer-reviewed article | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2011 | Tukur et al. 2012. PET bottle use patterns and antimony migration into bottled water and soft drinks: the case of British and Nigerian bottles, Journal of Environmental Monitoring | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2012 | UL 2012. Chemicals in Children’s Toys: Addressing Stricter Limits and Environmental Concerns, UL LLC White Paper (UL Environment), 8 pp. | 2012 | Industry | US/EU Pb, Cd, tHg, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Al, Sb occurrence in No primary contamination measurements. UL LLC marketing white paper introducing UL 172, the voluntary UL Standard for Sustainability… |
| 2013 | Publica 2012. Uruguay Reglamento Bromatologico Nacional, 5th edition: inorganic contaminant and metal migration limits, Reglamento Bromatologico Nacional, quinta edicion | 2012 | Government report | UY Sb, tAs, Pb, Sn, tHg, Cd concentrations |
| 2014 | Volpe et al. 2012. Determination and assessments of selected heavy metals in eye shadow cosmetics, Microchemical Journal | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | CN/IT/US Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni occurrence in Twenty powdered eye shadow samples representing five sample groups/brands and origin countries China, Italy, and the United States,… (n=20) |
| 2015 | Awata et al. 2011. Association of Dietary Intake and Biomarker Levels of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury among Asian Populations in the United States: NHANES 2011–2012, Environmental Health Perspectives | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | NHANES 2011-2012 biomarker study: dietary Cd intake and biomarker association in US Asians; Cd intake not significantly associated with biomarkers in this Asian sample; rice as major iAs contributor |
| 2016 | Canada 2011. Toys Regulations (SOR/2011-17), Justice Laws Website | 2011 | Government report | CA Pb, tHg, Sb, tAs, Cd concentrations |
| 2017 | Dabeka et al. 2011. Lead, cadmium and aluminum in Canadian infant formulae, oral electrolytes and glucose solutions, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, and Al in 243 Canadian infant formulas (powder, RTF, concentrated liquid) by format and soy/non-soy type; 1999 Canadian baseline with formula-type and packaging context |
| 2018 | EFSA 2011. Statement on Tolerable Weekly Intake for Cadmium, EFSA Journal 2011;9(2):1975 (revised 2012;10(1):2551) | 2011 | Government report | EFSA CONTAM 2011 statement reaffirming Cd TWI of 2.5 µg/kg bw/week against JECFA’s 2010 PTMI of 25 µg/kg bw/month; documents EFSA-JECFA divergence and basis for EU regulatory limit alignment |
| 2019 | EU 2011. Commission Regulation (EU) No 494/2011 of 20 May 2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 as regards Annex XVII (Cadmium), Official Journal of the European Union L 134/2 | 2011 | Government report | EU Cd concentrations |
| 2020 | EU 2011. Directive 2011/65/EU on restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment - consolidated version of 1 March 2023, Official Journal of the European Union / EUR-Lex consolidated text | 2011 | Government report | EU Pb, tHg, Cd, Cr-VI concentrations |
| 2021 | Zealand 2011. The 23rd Australian Total Diet Study, Food Standards Australia New Zealand | 2011 | Government report | AU/NZ Al, tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, iHg, MeHg occurrence in Ninety-two Australian foods and beverages, including tap and bottled water, represented by 570 composite samples; each composite used… (n=570) |
| 2022 | Harmanescu et al. 2011. Heavy metals health risk assessment for population via consumption of vegetables grown in old mining area; a case study: Banat County, Romania, Chemistry Central Journal 2011, 5:64 | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2023 | JECFA 2011. Cadmium (Addendum), 73rd Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives — Safety Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants, WHO Food Additives Series No. 64 (Cadmium addendum, pp. 305-380) | 2011 | Government report | JECFA 73rd meeting 2010 document of record establishing Cd PTMI of 25 µg/kg bw/month (replacing prior PTWI of 7 µg/kg bw/week); the operative international dietary Cd reference value |
| 2024 | Khalafalla et al. 2011. Heavy metal residues in beef carcasses in Beni-Suef abattoir, Egypt, Veterinaria Italiana | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | EG Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Cr occurrence in 300 fresh-weight cattle tissue samples from animals slaughtered at the Beni-Suef abattoir in Egypt: 100 muscle, 100 liver,… (n=300) |
| 2025 | Konuspayeva et al. 2011. Contamination of Camel Milk (Heavy Metals, Organic Pollutants and Radionuclides) in Kazakhstan, Journal of Environmental Protection, 2011, 2, 90-96 | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2026 | Lee et al. 2011. Monitoring of Heavy Metals in Fruits in Korea, Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology 43(2): 230-234 (2011) | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2027 | Comun 2011. MERCOSUR/GMC/RES. No. 12/11: Reglamento Tecnico MERCOSUR sobre Limites Maximos de Contaminantes Inorganicos en Alimentos, MERCOSUR/GMC/RES. No. 12/11 | 2011 | Government report | MERCOSUR tAs, Pb, Cd, tHg, Sn concentrations |
| 2028 | Morgan 2011. J. Med. Toxicol. (2011) 7:295–305, Peer-reviewed article | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2029 | Muthukumar et al. 2011. Pesticides and heavy metals residues in pig tissues in Hyderabad, Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 81(7): 691-695 | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2030 | Nnorom 2011. Trace metals in cosmetic facial talcum powders marketed in Nigeria, Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2031 | Starska et al. 2011. Noxious Elements in Milk and Milk Products in Poland, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs occurrence in 483 milk and dairy product samples from all 16 Polish voivodships (2006–2007); 92% domestic production, 8% other EU… (n=483) |
| 2032 | Vietnam Ministry of Health 2011. QCVN 8-2:2011/BYT National technical regulation on the safety limits of heavy metal contamination in food (English), Circular No. 02/2011/TT-BYT, QCVN 8-2:2011/BYT | 2011 | Government report | VN tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, MeHg, Sn concentrations |
| 2033 | Vincevica-Gaile et al. 2011. Trace and Major Elements in Food Articles in Latvia: Root Vegetables, Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University, Environmental and Climate Technologies, Volume 7, 2011, pp. 119-124 | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2034 | Zhu et al. 2011. Health risk assessment of eight heavy metals in nine varieties of edible vegetable oils consumed in China, Food and Chemical Toxicology | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, Ni, Pb, tAs occurrence in 109 commercial edible vegetable oil samples purchased from Chinese supermarkets during 2009-2010: 13 soybean, 12 corn, 14 peanut,… (n=109) |
| 2035 | Abbas et al. 2010. Monitoring of toxic metals (cadmium, lead, arsenic and mercury) in vegetables of Sindh, Pakistan, Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 6 (II): 60-65 | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2036 | Al-Shdidi 2010. Study of Pollution Levels of heavy metals residues in the locally produced cheese & emulsifying salts, The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 34(2):193-198 | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2037 | JMRS et al. 2010. Chronic Renal Failure in Sri Lanka Caused by Elevated Dietary Cadmium: Trojan Horse of the Green Revolution, Toxicology Letters 198(1):33–39 | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | WHO-sponsored field investigation linking elevated dietary Cd in Sri Lankan rice to epidemic chronic renal failure; rice Cd in North Central Province up to 0.28 mg/kg driving disease burden |
| 2038 | Bingöl et al. 2010. Determination of Some Heavy Metal Levels in Soft Drinks from Turkey Using ICP-OES Method, Czech Journal of Food Sciences, Vol. 28, 2010, No. 3: 213-216 | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2039 | Legislature 2010. California Senate Bill No. 929, Chapter 313, Hazardous materials: children’s jewelry: heavy metals, California Statutes 2010, Chapter 313 | 2010 | Government report | US-CA Pb, Cd concentrations |
| 2040 | De et al. 2010. Toxic Metals (Pb and Cd) and Their Respective Antagonists (Ca and Zn) in Infant Formulas and Milk Marketed in Brasilia, Brazil, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2010, 7: 4062-4077 | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2041 | Cirillo et al. 2010. Survey of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in seafood purchased in Campania, Italy, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B: Surveillance | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | IT Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs occurrence in Seafood marketed in Campania, Italy from January-May 2007: 162 fish and cephalopod specimens and 30 mussel pools/soft-tissue packs… (n=192) |
| 2042 | Assembly 2010. Connecticut Public Act No. 10-113, An Act Banning Cadmium in Children’s Jewelry, Connecticut Public Act No. 10-113 | 2010 | Government report | US-CT Cd concentrations |
| 2043 | Hatlelid et al. 2010. Children’s Cadmium-Containing Metal Jewelry — Staff Report, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Directorate for Health Sciences (Staff Report, October 2010) | 2010 | Government guidance | US Cd occurrence in No primary measurements of cadmium in jewelry are reported in this document. The Staff Report derives acute and… |
| 2044 | Hassan et al. 2010. Evaluation of Lead, Cadmium and Copper Concentrations in Bee Honey and Edible Molasses, American Journal of Applied Sciences 7(3): 315-322, 2010 | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2045 | Hwang et al. 2010. Total arsenic, mercury, lead, and cadmium contents in edible dried seaweed in Korea, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B: Surveillance | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | KR tAs, tHg, Pb, Cd occurrence in Dried edible seaweed products sold in Korea in 2007-2008, including laver (n = 125), brown seaweed (n =… (n=426) |
| 2046 | La et al. 2010. Classification of Sicilian Olive Oils According to Heavy Metal and Selenium Levels Using Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA), Olives and Olive Oil in Health and Disease Prevention (Elsevier, ISBN 978-0-12-374420-3), Chapter 18, pp. 155–163 | 2010 | Book chapter | IT Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Se occurrence in 49 virgin olive oil samples from three Sicilian PDO/PGI cultivars (Nocellara del Belice n=18; Biancolilla n=18; Cerasuola n=13)… (n=49) |
| 2047 | Legislature 2010. Minnesota Laws 2010, Chapter 347, Article 6, Section 27, Cadmium in Children’s Jewelry, Laws of Minnesota for 2010, Chapter 347 | 2010 | Government report | US-MN Cd concentrations |
| 2048 | Hitchcock et al. 2010. Trouble in Toyland: The 25th Annual Survey of Toy Safety, U.S. PIRG Education Fund, November 2010 | 2010 | NGO report | US Pb, Sb, Cd occurrence in 98 toys and children’s jewelry purchased at retail in September-October 2010 and XRF-screened (337 individual XRF screens performed… (n=260) |
| 2049 | Reference Document for the 2010. Best Available Techniques (BAT), Peer-reviewed article | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2050 | Rostek 2010. Contents of selected microelements in canned meat and meat pies, Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio EE Zootechnica, Vol. XXVIII (1), 2010, pp. 17-22 | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2051 | Schade 2010. Toxic Toys “R” Us: PVC Toxic Chemicals in Toys and Packaging — A Report to the National Commission of Inquiry into Toxic Toys, Center for Health, Environment & Justice (CHEJ) PVC Campaign and Teamsters Office of Consumer Affairs (Washington, DC / Falls Church, VA), November 2010, 47 pp. | 2010 | NGO report | US Pb, Cd, Sn occurrence in Two rounds of portable-XRF screening of toys, children’s products, and packaging purchased at retail. Round 1 (June 15,… (n=120) |
| 2052 | EU Scientific Committee on 2010. Evaluation of the Migration Limits for Chemical Elements in Toys (SCHER Opinion), European Commission DG Health & Consumers; SCHER Opinion adopted 1 July 2010 | 2010 | Government report | EU tAs, Cd, Cr-VI, Pb, tHg, Sn occurrence in Regulatory opinion evaluating EU Toys Safety Directive 2009/48/EC migration limits for 19 chemical elements |
| 2053 | Sembratowicz et al. 2010. Contents of Nitrates (III) and (V), Lead and Cadmium in Select Domestic Fruits, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd occurrence in Apples, plums, strawberries, raspberries, and white grapes from allotment gardens in Lublin city center and surrounding rural areas,… (n=108) |
| 2054 | Shindoh et al. 2010. Changes in Cadmium Content when Processing Soybean to Miso and Soy Sauce, Report of the National Food Research Institute (Rep. Nat’l Food Res. Inst), No. 74 | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | JP Cd occurrence in Two soybean lots (designated soybean A and soybean B) of different varieties were used as starting material for… (n=2) |
| 2055 | Singh et al. 2010. Heavy metals and living systems: An overview, Peer-reviewed article | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2056 | WMMPDK et al. 2010. Preliminary Study on Heavy Metals in Coconut and Coconut Products, CORD 2010, 26(1) | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2057 | Hongxing et al. 2010. Simultaneous Determination of Content of Ten Heavy Metals in Detergents from China by ICP-MS, Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 22, No. 6, 4777-4780 (Article ID AJC-8474) | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ti, Se occurrence in Four detergent products purchased at the Chaoshifa supermarket in Beijing, China. The paper describes the products generically as… (n=4) |
| 2058 | Abdullah 2009. Determination of Heavy Metals in Selected Fish Sauce, B.Sc. (Hons.) Chemistry final-year project, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia | 2009 | Thesis | MY Pb, Cd, Zn, Al occurrence in Three commercial fish-sauce samples coded sample A, sample B, and sample C. The abstract does not state brand… (n=3) |
| 2059 | Atwa et al. 2009. DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN EGYPTIAN INFANTS FORMULAS, WEANING FOODS AND SOME BREAKFAST FOODS., J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 34(1): 229-238, 2009 (now Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences) | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2060 | (BfR) 2009. Lead and cadmium do not belong in toys, BfR Opinion No. 048/2009, 1 June 2009 (Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Germany) | 2009 | Regulatory | EU/DE Pb, Cd occurrence in Risk-assessment opinion document. No primary sampling. Synthesises external dietary-intake estimates and biomonitoring data, including: lead alimentary intake in… |
| 2061 | Chiarelli et al. 2009. Indagine pluriennale sui contaminanti ambientali nel latte crudo proveniente dalla provincia di Torino: metalli pesanti, P.C.B., pesticidi organoclorurati e organofosforati anni 2005-2008 (Research on environmental contamination in raw milk in Turin departement: heavy metals, P.C.B, organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides, years 2005-2008), A.I.V.I. (Italian Journal of Food Safety), dicembre 2009 n.6, pp. 48-52 | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2062 | DPPH et al. 2009. Food and Chemical Toxicology 47 (2009) 2381–2388, Peer-reviewed article | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2063 | EFSA 2009. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain on a request from the European Commission on cadmium in food, The EFSA Journal | 2009 | Government report | EFSA 2009 scientific opinion establishing EU Cd TWI of 2.5 µg/kg bw/week; identifies high-exposure subgroups (children, vegetarians, shellfish consumers, smokers) and European dietary contributors |
| 2064 | Parliament et al. 2009. Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products (recast), Official Journal of the European Union, L 342, 22.12.2009, p. 59-209 | 2009 | Regulation | EU Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Sb, Ni, Cr, Be, Se, Tl, Al, Sr, Zr occurrence in Not applicable. This is the EU horizontal cosmetic-products regulation, not a market survey. The document text is the… |
| 2065 | Board 2009. Food Safety Regulations 2009, Legal Notice No. 20 | 2009 | Government report | FJ tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Sn, Cr-total concentrations |
| 2066 | Gawalko et al. 2009. Trace elements in Canadian field peas: a grain safety assurance perspective, Food Additives and Contaminants: Part A | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2067 | Kalavrouziotis 2009. Heavy metal accumulation in Brussels sprouts after irrigation with treated municipal waste water, Journal of Plant Interactions | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2068 | Kazi et al. 2009. Determination of toxic elements in infant formulae by using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer, Food and Chemical Toxicology | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, and Al in 17 imported milk-based and soy-based infant formulas in Pakistan; direct comparison of Cd in soy vs non-soy formula, providing an early soy-formula Cd dataset |
| 2069 | Panama et al. 2009. Resolucion No. 368 of 15 May 2009: maximum contaminant limits for fishery products, Gaceta Oficial Digital No. 26307 | 2009 | Government report | PA Cd, Pb, tHg concentrations |
| 2070 | Qin et al. 2009. The Minerals and Heavy Metals in Cow’s Milk from China and Japan, Journal of Health Science 55(2):300-305 | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2071 | Services 2009. Canada Publishes Legislated Heavy Metal Requirements for Toys Containing Surface Coating Materials, SGS SafeGuards Bulletin No. 181/09, Hardlines, Softlines, Electrical & Electronic, October 2009 | 2009 | Trade publication | CA/US Pb, Sb, tAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, tHg, Se occurrence in Regulatory-summary trade bulletin. No primary sampling or measurement. Summarises legal limits and test methods from (i) the Health… |
| 2072 | Shin et al. 2009. Determination of Heavy Metals in Sanitary Products of Women, Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | KR/JP/US Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb occurrence in Thirteen sanitary napkins and five tampons manufactured in Korea, Japan, the United States, Germany, and China; the Conclusion… (n=18) |
| 2073 | Voica et al. 2009. Method validation for determination of heavy metals in wine and slightly alcoholic beverages by ICP-MS, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 182: 012036 | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2074 | Barthwal et al. 2008. Heavy Metal Accumulation in Medicinal Plants Collected from Environmentally Different Sites, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni occurrence in Five medicinal plant species collected from three Lucknow, India site types (heavy traffic area, residential area, industrial area),… (n=15) |
| 2075 | Butko 2008. Molecular mechanisms of cadmium detoxification and long distance transport in plants, Master of Science thesis, University of California, San Diego | 2008 | Grey literature | Cd, Fe occurrence in Hydroponic Brassica napus (cv. Drakkar, Serasem GIE, La Chapelle d’Armentières, France) grown 9 weeks before 75 µM CdSO₄… |
| 2076 | Chiarelli et al. 2008. U.V.A.C. monitoring of heavy metals in controlled milk and its products in Turin during 2007, Italian Journal of Food Safety (A.I.V.I.) 2008, n. 2: 33-36 | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2077 | Committee on Toxicity of 2008. COT Statement on the 2006 UK Total Diet Study of Metals and Other Elements, Committee on Toxicity statement | 2008 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, iAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Mo, Ni, Se, Sn, Tl, Zn occurrence in 2006 UK Total Diet Study: 119 food categories combined into 20 prepared-as-consumed food groups for metals and other… (n=20) |
| 2078 | David et al. 2008. The heavy metals analyses in canned tomato paste, Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | RO/IT Pb, Cd, Sn, Al, Cr, Fe, Zn, tAs occurrence in Five commercial canned tomato paste and tomato sauce products tested in Romania: two Romanian-branded products in metal cans,… (n=5) |
| 2079 | Zealand 2008. Final Assessment Report - Application A552: Cadmium in peanuts, Food Standards Australia New Zealand Final Assessment Report 12-08 | 2008 | Government report | AU/NZ/CN Cd occurrence in FSANZ regulatory assessment using Australian AQIS 2001-2006 imported-food cadmium tests, USFDA Total Diet Study 1991-2004 peanut values, Chinese… |
| 2080 | Khalid et al. 2008. LABORATORY SCALE ELECTROKINETIC REMEDIATION OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM FROM CONTAMINATED SOIL, The Nucleus 45(1–2):55–61 | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | PK Cr, Cr-VI, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Fe, V occurrence in Nilore, Islamabad soil and one spiked-soil electrokinetic laboratory trial |
| 2081 | Nasser 2008. Mycobiota, Mycotoxins, and Heavy Metals from Instant Noodles in Saudi Arabia, Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2082 | Pehlivan et al. 2008. Determination of some inorganic metals in edible vegetable oils by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Grasas y Aceites | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | TR Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, Zn occurrence in 17 edible vegetable oil samples from Turkish food markets: soybean, hazelnut, almond, natural olive, riviera olive (3 types),… (n=17) |
| 2083 | (SENASA) et al. 2008. Decreto Ejecutivo No. 34687-MAG: RTCR 409:2008 fishery and aquaculture product limits, La Gaceta No. 160 | 2008 | Government report | CR tHg, Cd, Pb, Sn concentrations |
| 2084 | Legislature 2008. Washington Children’s Safe Product Act, Chapter 288, Laws of 2008, Laws of Washington | 2008 | Government report | US-WA Pb, Cd concentrations |
| 2085 | Abulude et al. 2007. Assessment of the Content of Pb, Cd, Ni and Cr in Soaps and Detergents from Akure, Nigeria, Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology 1(2): 102-104 (Academic Journals Inc.; ISSN 1819-3420) | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr occurrence in Nineteen soap and detergent samples purchased in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria in July 2006. The sample mix as… (n=19) |
| 2086 | Islam EU 2007. Assessing potential dietary toxicity of heavy metals in selected vegetables and food crops, Journal of Zhejiang University Science B | 2007 | Review | CN/UK/US Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs, Al occurrence in Review with primary data from Zhejiang University pot/greenhouse experiments on Chinese cabbage, winter greens, pakchoi, and celery; supplemented… |
| 2087 | Khan et al. 2007. Effect of Environmental Pollution on Heavy Metals Content of Withania somnifera, Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | PK Cr, Pb, Cu, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn occurrence in Withania somnifera roots, stems, leaves, and fruits, plus paired soils, collected from three locations of N.W.F.P./Peshawar Valley, Pakistan;… |
| 2088 | Japan Ministry of Health, 2007. Ministerial Ordinance on Milk and Milk products Concerning Compositional Standards, etc., Ministerial Ordinance on Milk and Milk products Concerning Compositional Standards, etc. (English translation) | 2007 | Government report | JP Pb, Cd, tAs concentrations |
| 2089 | Panama 2007. Panama Decreto Ejecutivo No. 467 of 2007: plant-product heavy metals and nitrates, Gaceta Oficial Digital No. 25932 | 2007 | Government report | PA Pb, Cd concentrations |
| 2090 | Poulsen et al. 2007. A survey and health assessment of cosmetic products for children, Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products, No. 88, 2007 (Danish Ministry of the Environment, Environmental Protection Agency) | 2007 | Government report | DK/EU Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, Ba, Se occurrence in 10 cosmetic-product packaging materials selected from 208 children’s cosmetic products (ages 3-14) mapped on the Danish market April-June… (n=10) |
| 2091 | Thirumoorthy et al. 2007. Metallothionein: An overview, World Journal of Gastroenterology | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, tHg occurrence in Narrative review; no primary measurements. |
| 2092 | Trinidad and Tobago Ministry 2007. Food and Drugs Act Chapter 30:01: food metal limits in regulations and fishery products schedule, Laws of Trinidad and Tobago | 2007 | Government report | TT tAs, Pb, Cd, tHg, MeHg concentrations |
| 2093 | Divrikli et al. 2006. Trace heavy metal contents of some spices and herbal plants from western Anatolia, Turkey, International Journal of Food Science and Technology | 2006 | Peer-reviewed | TR Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn occurrence in Eleven spice and herbal plant species collected from 50 farmers in western Anatolia, Turkey, June-October 2003; four samples… (n=44) |
| 2094 | JECFA 2006. Evaluation of certain food contaminants — Sixty-fourth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, WHO Technical Report Series 930 (Sixty-fourth meeting of JECFA, Rome, 8-17 February 2005) | 2006 | Government report | international Cd, Sn occurrence in Cadmium: raw or aggregated occurrence data submitted to GEMS/Food by Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, USA,… |
| 2095 | Nilsson et al. 2006. Survey and health assesment of chemicals substances in sex toys, Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products No. 77, 2006. Danish Environmental Protection Agency. | 2006 | Regulatory agency report | DK/EU Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb occurrence in 16 sex toys and fetish-clothing products purchased for Danish EPA screening: soft-vinyl, natural-latex/rubber, thermoplastic-rubber/SEBS, and hard-plastic products including… (n=16) |
| 2096 | Swinden 2006. Effect of Processing on the Distribution of Cadmium in Wheaten Products, PhD thesis, Victoria University, Werribee, Victoria, Australia, March 2006 | 2006 | Thesis | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2097 | Antunović et al. 2005. Concentrations of selected toxic elements (cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic) in ewe milk in dependence on lactation stage, Czech Journal of Animal Science 50 (8): 369-375 | 2005 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2098 | Salama et al. 2005. Heavy metals (Cd, Pb) and trace elements (Cu, Zn) contents in some foodstuffs from the Egyptian market, Emirates Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2005, 17(1): 34-42 | 2005 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2099 | EC 2004. Assessment of the dietary exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury of the population of the EU Member States, Reports on tasks for scientific cooperation, SCOOP Task 3.2.11 | 2004 | Government report | EU/BE/DK tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Occurrence, consumption, and intake submissions for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury from EU Member States and Norway under… |
| 2100 | Shin et al. 2004. Hazardous substance analysis of disposable diaper for infant, Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles 28(1):165-171 | 2004 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2101 | Committee on Toxicity of 2003. COT statement on a survey of metals in infant food, Committee on Toxicity statement | 2003 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn occurrence in Commercial UK baby foods and formulae, including infant formulae, manufactured baby foods, desserts, rusks, and infant drinks, surveyed… (n=189) |
| 2102 | Lee et al. 2003. Overexpression of Arabidopsis Phytochelatin Synthase Paradoxically Leads to Hypersensitivity to Cadmium Stress, Plant Physiology | 2003 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Zn, Cu occurrence in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Columbia) seedlings — 16 independent T-DNA lines overexpressing C-terminal FLAG-tagged AtPCS1 (pcs1-pcs16, of which… |
| 2103 | Soares et al. 2003. Lead and cadmium content of Brazilian beers, Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Campinas, 23(2): 285-289 | 2003 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2104 | Almela et al. 2002. Heavy Metal, Total Arsenic, and Inorganic Arsenic Contents of Algae Food Products, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | 2002 | Peer-reviewed | ES tAs, iAs, Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in Eighteen processed edible-algae food products on retail sale in Valencia, Spain: 12 brown-algae products (wakame from Undaria pinnatifida,… (n=18) |
| 2105 | Cobbett et al. 2002. Phytochelatins and Metallothioneins: Roles in Heavy Metal Detoxification and Homeostasis, Annual Review of Plant Biology | 2002 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, iAs, tHg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni occurrence in Narrative review of the phytochelatin and metallothionein literature; primary focus on Arabidopsis thaliana, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and other plant… |
| 2106 | EU 2002. Directive 2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on undesirable substances in animal feed - consolidated version of 28 November 2019, Official Journal of the European Communities / EUR-Lex consolidated text | 2002 | Government report | EU tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg concentrations |
| 2107 | OEHHA 2001. Proposition 65 Maximum Allowable Daily Level (MADL) for Reproductive Toxicity for Cadmium (Oral Route), California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment | 2001 | Government report | California Prop 65 oral MADL for Cd of 4.1 µg/day based on developmental toxicity; implements 1997 reproductive-toxicity listing using Ali 1986 rat LOEL with 1,000-fold safety factor |
| 2108 | Stringer et al. 2001. Toxic chemicals in a child’s world: an investigation into PVC plastic products, Greenpeace Research Laboratories, University of Exeter (UK); June 2001 | 2001 | NGO report | AT/BR/CA Pb, Cd, Sn occurrence in 54 vinyl-chloride (PVC or vinyl) consumer products purchased in 20 countries (Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Czech Republic,… (n=54) |
| 2109 | Ulrich et al. 2001. Variations in contamination by mercury, cadmium and lead on swine farms in the district of Hodonín in 1994 to 1999, Veterinární medicína (Vet. Med. - Czech) 46(5), 132-139 | 2001 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2110 | Bae et al. 2000. Enhanced Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals by Bacterial Cells Displaying Synthetic Phytochelatins, Biotechnology and Bioengineering | 2000 | Peer-reviewed | Cd occurrence in Recombinant Escherichia coli strain JM105 transformed with plasmids encoding Lpp-OmpA-fused synthetic phytochelatin analogs (EC8 with n=8 cysteines, EC11… |
| 2111 | OEHHA 2000. Appendix F - Dermal Uptake of Chemicals from Soil (Technical Support Document for Exposure Assessment and Stochastic Analysis), Cal/EPA OEHHA Air Toxics Hot Spots Program - Technical Support Document for Exposure Assessment and Stochastic Analysis | 2000 | Government report | US tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Ni, Cr-VI, Be occurrence in Regulatory guidance; per-chemical dermal absorption fraction (ABS) point estimates derived from review of in-vivo and in-vitro percutaneous-absorption studies… |
| 2112 | Zhou et al. 2000. Heavy Metal Contamination in Vegetables and Their Control in China, Food Reviews International | 2000 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn occurrence in Secondary review of previously published Chinese city surveys of vegetables and some grains. Tables 2-11 reproduce values from… |
| 2113 | Voegborlo et al. 1999. Mercury, cadmium and lead content of canned tuna fish, Food Chemistry | 1999 | Peer-reviewed | LY tHg, Cd, Pb occurrence in Fifty 5 kg cans of tuna fish from the Tuna Canning Factory in Misurata, Libya; tuna were caught… (n=50) |
| 2114 | U.S. Consumer Product Safety 1997. CPSC Staff Report on Lead and Cadmium in Children’s Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Products, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Staff Report | 1997 | Regulatory | US Pb, Cd occurrence in Twelve of the 18 children’s polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products identified as likely to be handled, mouthed, or chewed… (n=12) |
| 2115 | Di Gangi 1997. Lead and Cadmium in Vinyl Children’s Products: A Greenpeace Exposé, Greenpeace USA (Washington, DC); ERIC document ED 414 034 / PS 026 006 | 1997 | NGO report | US/CA Pb, Cd occurrence in 131 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) consumer products purchased at national chain stores (Kmart, Wal-Mart, Target, Toys R Us, Disney… (n=131) |
| 2116 | Chile Ministry of Health 1996. Decreto 977, SALUD (1996) - Reglamento Sanitario de los Alimentos, Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile / Ley Chile | 1996 | Government report | CL tAs, iAs, Cd, Sn concentrations |
| 2117 | OEHHA 1996. Evidence on the Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of Cadmium, California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment | 1996 | Government report | California Prop 65 Cd hazard identification document; compiles human epidemiology and animal data supporting DART Committee’s 1996 determination of Cd as developmental and male reproductive toxicant |
| 2118 | Codex 1995. General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (CXS 193-1995), Codex Alimentarius (Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme) | 1995 | Government report | Codex CXS 193-1995 General Standard for Contaminants: operative international Cd MLs spanning 22 matrix categories (0.003–2.0 mg/kg), including most recently added quinoa ML (0.15 mg/kg, 2024) |
| 2119 | Dabeka et al. 1995. Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988, Journal of AOAC International | 1995 | Peer-reviewed | CA Pb, Cd, Ni, Co occurrence in Five Canadian total-diet composite groups, each with 113 composites and 39 composite subsets, prepared from foods purchased in… (n=760) |
| 2120 | Acosta et al. 1993. Levels of Cd, Pb, and Ni in Different Types of Vinegars, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology | 1993 | Peer-reviewed | ES/DE/GB Cd, Pb, Ni occurrence in 52 bottled vinegars from supermarkets in Tenerife and Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain): 26 wine vinegar, 10 apple… (n=52) |
| 2121 | Chou et al. 1993. Cadmium in American lobster (Homarus americanus) from the area of Belledune Harbour, New Brunswick, Canada: 1980-1992 results, Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 1916 | 1993 | Gray literature | CA Cd, Pb, tHg, tAs, Cu, Ag occurrence in American lobster (Homarus americanus) captured 1980-1992 at eight sites in and around Belledune Harbour, New Brunswick, Canada —… |
| 2122 | Wester et al. 1992. In vitro percutaneous absorption of cadmium from water and soil into human skin, Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 19:1-5 | 1992 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2123 | Garrity et al. 1990. Tissue-Specific Expression from a Compound TATA-Dependent and TATA-Independent Promoter, Molecular and Cellular Biology | 1990 | Peer-reviewed | Cd occurrence in Male mice 8-15 weeks old (DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, BDF1 strains; Jackson Laboratories); cultured P cells (L-cell derivatives) and NIH… |
| 2124 | Sources et al. 1990. Heavy Metals in Air, Soil, and, Peer-reviewed article | 1990 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 2125 | EPA 1989. Cadmium (CASRN 7440-43-9) — IRIS Chemical Assessment Summary, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Risk Information System | 1989 | Government report | US EPA IRIS oral RfD for Cd: 5×10⁻⁴ mg/kg/day for water exposure and 1×10⁻³ mg/kg/day for food, reflecting twofold higher absorption from water; renal tubular endpoint, both operative since 1989 |
| 2126 | Grill et al. 1989. Phytochelatins, the heavy-metal-binding peptides of plants, are synthesized from glutathione by a specific gamma-glutamylcysteine dipeptidyl transpeptidase (phytochelatin synthase), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA | 1989 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in In vitro enzymology in Silene cucubalus cell suspension cultures; no food, environmental, or human samples. |
| 2127 | Nagel et al. 1989. In Vitro Evolution and Preliminary Characterization of a Cadmium-Resistant Population of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Applied and Environmental Microbiology | 1989 | Peer-reviewed | Cd occurrence in Two laboratory strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (cell-wall-deficient mutant CW-15 and its in-vitro-evolved Cd-tolerant derivative CW15-Cdr); no food, environmental,… |
| 2128 | Dabeka et al. 1987. Lead, cadmium, and fluoride levels in market milk and infant formulas in Canada, Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists 70(4):754-757 | 1987 | Study | 1987 Canadian survey of Cd, Pb, and fluoride in market milk and infant formulas; historical baseline showing Cd in 1980s Canadian formula well above modern values, documenting 40-year reduction trajectory |
| 2129 | Buchet et al. 1983. Oral daily intake of cadmium, lead, manganese, copper, chromium, mercury, calcium, zinc and arsenic in Belgium: a duplicate meal study, Food and Chemical Toxicology | 1983 | Peer-reviewed | BE Cd, Pb, Mn, Cu, Cr, tHg, Ca, Zn, tAs occurrence in One hundred twenty-four 24-hour duplicate meals and beverages collected from Brussels, Liege, Charleroi, and a Brussels hospital kitchen… (n=124) |
| 2130 | Kirkpatrick et al. 1980. The Trace Element Content of Canadian Baby Foods and Estimation of Trace Element Intake by Infants, Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal 13(4):154-161 | 1980 | Peer-reviewed | 1975 Canadian national survey of Cd and eight other metals in 330 baby food and formula samples across 11 categories; historical baseline only (AAS LOD 10 ppb limits precision; useful for 50-year trend documentation) |
| 2131 | Ammerman et al. 1977. Contaminating elements in mineral supplements and their potential toxicity: A review, Journal of Animal Science | 1977 | Peer-reviewed | US/CA Pb, tAs, Cd, Al, tHg, V occurrence in Example analyses of feed-grade micro-mineral supplement materials in Table 2: manganese oxide (n=3), iron carbonate/sulfate/oxide (n=5), zinc oxide… (n=12) |
| 2132 | Mahaffey et al. 1975. Heavy Metal Exposure from Foods, Environmental Health Perspectives | 1975 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Zn occurrence in FDA Total Diet Study (Market Basket Survey) 1965–1974; 30 market baskets per year collected from US retail stores… |
| 2133 | Nielsen et al. 1975. Heavy metal levels in New Zealand molluscs, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 9(4), 467-481 | 1975 | Peer-reviewed | NZ Cd, Pb, tHg, Cu, Zn, Fe occurrence in Two hundred and three numbered samples (Appendix sample numbers 1-203) drawn from 199 sampling sites distributed around the… (n=203) |