Volpe 2012 - selected metals in eye shadow cosmetics

Volpe and colleagues measured lead, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, and nickel in 20 powdered eye shadow cosmetics purchased in Italy and labeled as manufactured in China, Italy, or the United States. Lead is reported in µg g-1 wet weight; cadmium, cobalt, chromium, and nickel are reported in ng g-1 wet weight. The source includes brand/sample group numbers, but this page reports product-form and origin-country context only.

Key numbers

• Sample frame: 20 powdered eye shadows, divided into five sample groups, with origin countries China, Italy, and the United States.
• Lead in Table 1 ranged from 0.25 ± 0.01 µg g-1 wet weight to 81.50 ± 0.89 µg g-1 wet weight.
• Lead values above 20 µg g-1 were reported for five samples: 81.50 ± 0.89, 58.73 ± 0.26, 65.60 ± 0.20, 42.25 ± 0.08, and 39.02 ± 0.56 µg g-1 wet weight; the text states these high values corresponded to eye shadows imported from China and darker color pigments.
• Cadmium in Table 3 ranged from 0.60 ± 0.07 ng g-1 wet weight to 33.04 ± 0.23 ng g-1 wet weight.
• Cobalt in Table 3 ranged from 0.15 ± 0.01 ng g-1 wet weight to 303.7 ± 5.2 ng g-1 wet weight.
• Chromium in Table 3 ranged from 15.00 ± 1.30 ng g-1 wet weight to 287.00 ± 9.00 ng g-1 wet weight.
• Nickel in Table 3 ranged from 21.80 ± 2.10 ng g-1 wet weight to 4148.00 ± 64.04 ng g-1 wet weight; other high nickel values included 4123.20 ± 54.60, 3780.60 ± 38.50, and 2526.50 ± 23.00 ng g-1 wet weight.
• The abstract states that cadmium, chromium, and cobalt were low and within acceptable/safe concentrations for products made in Italy and the United States, while nickel exceeded the safe limit in many Chinese eye shadows. This is recorded as the authors’ interpretation, not an HMTc threshold.

Methods (brief)

Samples were digested by adding 5 mL of 67% HNO3 and 1 mL of 40% HF to 1 g of sample in PTFE vessels, followed by microwave digestion. Lead was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry using a Varian SpectrAA 200 at 217.0 nm, with triplicate readings. Cadmium, chromium, nickel, and cobalt were measured by ICP-MS using an Element 2 instrument with internal standards (115In for cadmium and 69Ga for nickel, chromium, and cobalt).

Implications

Certification (HMTc): This source contributes B-tier eye-makeup occurrence evidence with product-basis units preserved separately for Pb (µg g-1) and Cd/Co/Cr/Ni (ng g-1). Brand-specific ranking should not be inferred.

Courses: The paper is useful for showing how the same cosmetic matrix can require different analytical platforms and units across analytes.

App: The source supports eye-makeup contamination profiles for Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, and Ni, with a clear note that the highest lead and nickel values were associated with origin-country/color context rather than named brands.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• eye-makeup

Verification notes

• PDF text was extracted with pdftotext -layout to /tmp/hmi_row_1586.txt; Tables 1 and 3 plus the Methods were re-read before writing.
• Identity checks before creation: DOI 10.1016/j.microc.2011.10.008, raw handle MFK_volpe2012, raw SHA-256 23996b57850f4ac5d72faa36ba086c47882024b463e36652223b18a9dc4472e0, and cite key volpe2012-eye-shadow-cosmetics-metals were searched in wiki/sources/ and evidence files; no existing source page was found.
• Units are preserved exactly as printed: Pb in µg g-1 wet weight, Cd/Co/Cr/Ni in ng g-1 wet weight.
• Speciation: chromium is total Cr; no Cr(VI) speciation is reported.
• Brand firewall: sample group/brand identifiers are not used to create brand claims; values are summarized at eye-shadow product level.

Page history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.