Best Available Techniques (BAT)

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the methylmercury infant-formula research pull. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU
Address: Joint Research Centre, Edificio Expo c/ Inca Garcilaso 3, E-41092 Seville, Spain
PDF ISBN 978-92-68-27396-8 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2760/0063411 KJ-01-25-288-EN-N
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2025
© European Union, 2025
Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control), Publications Office of the European Union,
All images © European Union, 2017, except cover pictures credits, from left to right: 1. Pig nose in the pen. Focus is on
nose. Shallow depth of field. © fotolia.com - Dusan Petkovic (www.color24.com); 2. Daily three yellow chicken at the
poultry farm © fotolia.com - kharhan (stock.adobe.com); 3. A group of entertaining Indian running ducks ©
fotolia.com - daseaford (stock.adobe.com); 4. Piglets suckling sow © fotolia.com - Budimir Jevtic (stock.adobe.com); 5.
Grassland after mechanical slurry injection © fotolia.com - Ruud Morijn; 6. Hen house © fotolia.com - Nicole Gonzalez;
1. Flock of Turkeys in the farm ranch © fotolia.com - Tertman (stock.adobe.com); 8. Ammonia emissions from
update BAT reference documents as required by Article 13(1) of the Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions. This
ammonia emissions to air, and total nitrogen and total phosphorus excreted. This BREF contains 10 chapters. Chapter 1
provides general information on pig and poultry production in Europe. Chapter 2 describes the major activities and
production systems used in intensive poultry or pig production. Chapter 3 contains information on the environmental
performance of installations in terms of current emissions, consumption of raw materials, water and energy. Chapter 4
Chapter 5 presents the BAT conclusions as defined in Article 3(12) of the Directive. Chapter 6 presents information on
‘emerging techniques’ as defined in Article 3(14) of the Directive. Chapter 7 is dedicated to concluding remarks and
the Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU) and is the result of
2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and the Council on industrial emissions (integrated
documents as required by Article 13(1) of the Directive. The European Commission pursuant to
As set out in Article 13(5) of the Directive, the Commission Implementing Decision (EU)
2017/302 on the BAT conclusions contained in Chapter 5 was adopted on 15 February 2017 and
As required in Article 13(3) of the Directive, the Commission has established a forum to promote
pursuant to Article 13 of Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions (2011/C 146/03), OJ C
Chapters 1 and 2 provide general information on the intensive rearing of poultry or pigs and on
Chapter 3 provides data and information concerning the environmental performance of farms
Chapter 4 describes in more detail the techniques to prevent or, where this is not practicable, to
Chapter 5 presents the BAT conclusions as defined in Article 3(12) of the Directive.
Chapter 6 presents information on ‘emerging techniques’ as defined in Article 3(14) of the
the TWG that was established specifically for the exchange of information under Article 13 of
presented in Chapter 4. These data give a rough indication of the magnitude of the costs and
c/Inca Garcilaso, 3
1 GENERAL INFORMATION … 1
1.2.2.1 Alternative poultry meat production … 11
1.3.1 Structure, trends and geographical distribution of the pig production sector in
1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF INTENSIVE POULTRY OR PIG FARMING … 30
2 APPLIED PROCESSES AND TECHNIQUES … 41
2.2.1.2.3 Additional structures for non-cage housing… 50
2.2.4.5 Lighting of poultry housing… 60
2.3.1.1 Housing systems for mating and gestating sows …71

Methods (brief)

This document is based on information collected from a number of sources, in particular through
2.7.2 Aerobic digestion (aeration) of liquid manure … 121
2.7.4 Anaerobic digestion of manure in a biogas installation … 123
4.12.3.1 Aerobic digestion (aeration) of slurry … 584
4.12.5 Anaerobic digestion of manure in a biogas installation … 600
Table 4.190: Number of existing biogas plants for manure digestion and the amount of manure
Waste Treatment Industries (WT) Composting and anaerobic digestion of manure
Pig farms vary considerably in size. The latest data collected by the ‘Farm structure survey’ on
selected sample of EU countries.
an action plan on greenhouse gases (Roadmap and Greenhouse Gas Action Plan).
digestion, manure substituting manufactured mineral fertiliser.
from water collected from the farmyard, manure collection areas, household and agricultural
phosphorus, but increased levels of BOD may also occur; in particular in water collected from
The manure is collected on manure conveyor belts that are situated under each tier of cages. At
litter area dry. Nest boxes can be automated or hand collected, with an artificial grass bottom or
birds. Droppings are removed by manure belts or collected in a manure pit.
support the digestion of the feed provided. The drinking water system is also used to provide
off through urine/liquid manure channels. The slurry is collected in a manure pit under the fully

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

Verification notes

Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
3171d06	2026-08-02	major	1 section added
bc84bfc	2026-08-02	major	6 sections added; narrative text revised