Human health risks from heavy metals

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the methylmercury infant-formula research pull. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• Kawser Ahmed et al. SpringerPlus (2016) 5:1697
• Md. Monirul Islam3* and Md. Muzammel Hossain2
• monirulislam153@yahoo. Abstract
• ment (Agusa et al. 2005, 2007; Hajeb et al. 2009). The increasing demand of food safety
• taminated by toxic metals (Mansour et al. 2009; Saha and Zaman 2013).
• food chain (Rahman et al. 2013). Essential metals (Cu, Co, Zn, Fe, Ca, Mg, Se, Ni and
• tial metals results in metabolic disturbances (Hina et al. 2011). Pb, Ba, Cd, Hg, Cr, and
• © 2016 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
• (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
• Kawser Ahmed et al. SpringerPlus (2016) 5:1697 Page 2 of 12
• As have no established role in biological system (Canli and Atli 2003) have been identi-
• set for humans (FAO 1983; European Commission 2006; FDA 2001). Heavy metals accu-
• (Duruibe et al. 2007; Sapkota et al. 2008). Among various heavy metals, Cr and Ni are
• known to cause various pulmonary disorders (Forti et al. 2011), while high intake of Cu
• can cause liver and kidney damage (Tuzen 2009; WHO 1995). Cd is toxic to the cardio-
• vascular system, kidneys, and bones (Fang et al. 2014); excessive intake of Zn negative
• and elimination rates (Guven et al. 1999). So, there have been several studies and monitor-
• ing programs worldwide on metal accumulation in fish (Erdoĝrul and Ates 2006; Rashed
• 2001). Fish is known as integral component of a well-balanced diet worldwide because it
• provides energy, proteins, vitamins and different nutrients also (Pieniak et al. 2010). Stud-
• people (Zhuang et al. 2009). Fish have been reported in several studies as a source of heavy
• metals in human through consumption (Castro-González and Méndez-Armenta 2008).
• tion (Alhashemi et al. 2012; Pan and Wang 2012; Yi et al. 2011; Vieira et al. 2011).
• In Bangladesh, about 900 industries dispose untreated industrial wastes directly into
• rivers. The Buriganga River is the most polluted river in Bangladesh (Nouri et al. 2009)
• sands of industrial units and sewerage lines (Islam et al. 2006). However, a wide vari-
• (Begum et al. 2013; Ahmed et al. 2010b; Mohiuddin et al. 2011; Saha and Hossain 2011)
• (Martí-Cid et al. 2008). Only Ahmed et al. (2015) and Islam et al. (2015) carried the car-
• Kawser Ahmed et al. SpringerPlus (2016) 5:1697 Page 3 of 12
• ing August to September, 2013. Individuals of the same species were of similar size and
• Whole body of fish was used for analyses following Islam et al. (2015). A composite sam-
• 50 g test portions were stored at −20 °C. The samples were then freeze dried and sealed
• 5 ml HNO3 (Kanto Chemical Co, Japan) and 2 ml H2O2 (Wako Chemical Co, Japan) in
• microwave digestion system (Berghof Microwave MWS-2, Germany) as described by
• Kawser Ahmed et al. SpringerPlus (2016) 5:1697 Page 4 of 12
• Islam et al. (2015). Three replicas were prepared for each sample was during digestion.
• syringe filter (pore size = 0.45 mm) and stored in crew cap plastic tube.
• levels ranging from 0–50 µg/L. All test batches were evaluated using an internal quality
• mated as the sum of the THQs (USEPA 2011). The THQ assumes a level of exposure
• carcinogen (i.e., incremental or excess individual lifetime cancer risk (USEPA 1989). The
• THQ, HI and TR values were estimated using Eqs. (1), (3), and (4) respectively. European
• Protection Agency (EPA) had declined RfD value for Pb (USEPA 2004) So, the THQ for

Methods (brief)

• species collected from Buriganga. However, the accumulation and magnification vary in
• Collection of samples
• Fish samples were collected from different stations (Fig. 1) of the river Buriganga near
• were collected from the professional fishermen while they were fishing in the river dur-
• weight. The samples were immediately preserved in air sealed plastic bags and trans-
• Preparations of samples
• 50 g test portions were stored at −20 °C. The samples were then freeze dried and sealed
• in airtight plastic bags. The dried samples were transported to Yokohama National Uni-
• 0.2 g of dried fish sample were digested in DAP-Three step-digestion procedure with
• microwave digestion system (Berghof Microwave MWS-2, Germany) as described by
• Islam et al. (2015). Three replicas were prepared for each sample was during digestion.
• Samples were then transferred into a Teflon beaker and total volume was made up to
• The samples were analyzed for cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr),
• antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), vanadium (V), silver (Ag) using ICP-MS (Agilent 7700,
• standard along with the samples were analyzed in duplicate to eliminate any batch-spe-
• studies also reported Zn to be at highest concentration in fish collected from Buriganga
• Table 1 Mean (± SD) heavy metals concentration (mg/kg ww) in five fish species collected
• to previous literature, the Mn concentrations in the samples ranged from 0.54 mg/kg

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
• Mercury
• Cadmium
• Lead
• Arsenic
• Nickel
• Aluminum
• Chromium

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.