Overview
This study measured 23 mineral and trace elements in seven clear orange-juice samples purchased from the Leskovac, Serbia local market. The paper is direct non-apple fruit-juice occurrence evidence. Its main HMT&C signal is high total arsenic in all seven samples and lead detected in all seven samples (sample VI an outlier maximum at 1.19 mg/L), with cadmium detected in three samples.
Key numbers
Reported ranges in clear orange juice (mostly mg/L):
| Element | Reported concentration pattern |
|---|---|
| Al | 0.29-2.1 mg/L |
| Cd | detected in samples II, IV, and VI at 0.02, 0.01, and 0.05 mg/L |
| Pb | detected in all samples, 0.19-1.19 mg/L; highest in sample VI |
| As | detected in all samples, 2.01-2.56 ppm; authors state this is about 10 times the Serbian fruit-juice limit of 0.2 mg/L |
| Mo | 0.34-0.48 mg/L; authors flag this as high relative to reported orange-juice values |
| Cu | detected in all samples; samples I, III, and IV slightly above 0.1 mg/L; maximum 0.58 mg/L in sample VI |
| Fe | 1.64-3.18 mg/L |
| Zn | 3.3-7.16 mg/L |
| Li | 0.04-0.12 mg/L |
| Mg | 0.48-33.94 mg/L |
| K | 15.0-301.32 mg/L, below the Serbian orange-juice quality range of 1300-2500 ppm |
| Na | 2.32-61.2 mg/L |
| Ca | 0.68-16.8 mg/L |
| P | 0.2-94.54 mg/L, below the Serbian orange-juice quality range of 115-210 mg/L |
The paper reports that nickel was not detected in the tested orange-juice samples and that antimony was at or below detection (LOD 2.44 µg/L per Table 1) across all samples in Figure 3. It also reports that silver, aluminum, boron, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, nickel, lead, strontium, zinc, silicon, arsenic, phosphorus, molybdenum, and antimony were included in the ICP-OES screen; values for Mn, Co, Cr, B, Sr, Si, and Ag were screened but not quantified above body-table threshold and are not extracted here.
Methods (brief)
Seven clear orange-juice samples from different manufacturers were purchased on the Leskovac local market in November 2014. Samples were prepared by wet digestion: 2 mL orange juice mixed with 18 mL of 2% nitric acid, held for 24 hours, diluted with distilled water, and filtered before analysis. Element concentrations after digestion were measured by ICP-OES using an ARCOS FHE12 instrument. The paper reports calibration wavelengths, correlation coefficients, limits of detection, and linearity ranges for the element panel.
Implications
Standards work: This is small-n but important orange-juice occurrence evidence because the reported total-As and Pb values are far above typical contemporary juice values. It should be treated as a market-screening signal from a specific local market rather than as a representative regional distribution.
Courses: Useful example of how a small number of local-market juice samples can still identify serious exceedance signals, but should not be overgeneralized without larger sampling.
App: Provides occurrence fields for total arsenic and lead in orange juice from a specific local-market sample set. The app should preserve the source’s total arsenic result as total As, not inorganic arsenic.
Microbiome: Not addressed.
Related evidence
- Aluminum
- Arsenic, Total
- Cadmium
- Cobalt
- Chromium
- Copper
- Iron
- Lithium
- Magnesium
- Manganese
- Molybdenum
- Nickel
- Lead
- Antimony
- Zinc
- Orange juice
- Fruit Juice
- Fruit Juice (Not Canned)
- Fruit Juices, Non-Apple
Update history
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