Savic et al. 2015 - minerals in clear orange juices
This study measured 23 mineral and trace elements in seven clear orange-juice samples purchased from the Leskovac, Serbia local market. The paper is direct non-apple fruit-juice occurrence evidence. Its main HMT&C signal is high total arsenic in all seven samples and lead detected in all seven samples (sample VI an outlier maximum at 1.19 mg/L), with cadmium detected in three samples.
Key numbers
Reported ranges in clear orange juice (mostly mg/L):
| Element | Reported concentration pattern |
|---|---|
| Al | 0.29-2.1 mg/L |
| Cd | detected in samples II, IV, and VI at 0.02, 0.01, and 0.05 mg/L |
| Pb | detected in all samples, 0.19-1.19 mg/L; highest in sample VI |
| As | detected in all samples, 2.01-2.56 ppm; authors state this is about 10 times the Serbian fruit-juice limit of 0.2 mg/L |
| Mo | 0.34-0.48 mg/L; authors flag this as high relative to reported orange-juice values |
| Cu | detected in all samples; samples I, III, and IV slightly above 0.1 mg/L; maximum 0.58 mg/L in sample VI |
| Fe | 1.64-3.18 mg/L |
| Zn | 3.3-7.16 mg/L |
| Li | 0.04-0.12 mg/L |
| Mg | 0.48-33.94 mg/L |
| K | 15.0-301.32 mg/L, below the Serbian orange-juice quality range of 1300-2500 ppm |
| Na | 2.32-61.2 mg/L |
| Ca | 0.68-16.8 mg/L |
| P | 0.2-94.54 mg/L, below the Serbian orange-juice quality range of 115-210 mg/L |
The paper reports that nickel was not detected in the tested orange-juice samples and that antimony was at or below detection (LOD 2.44 µg/L per Table 1) across all samples in Figure 3. It also reports that silver, aluminum, boron, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, nickel, lead, strontium, zinc, silicon, arsenic, phosphorus, molybdenum, and antimony were included in the ICP-OES screen; values for Mn, Co, Cr, B, Sr, Si, and Ag were screened but not quantified above body-table threshold and are not extracted here.
Methods (brief)
Seven clear orange-juice samples from different manufacturers were purchased on the Leskovac local market in November 2014. Samples were prepared by wet digestion: 2 mL orange juice mixed with 18 mL of 2% nitric acid, held for 24 hours, diluted with distilled water, and filtered before analysis. Element concentrations after digestion were measured by ICP-OES using an ARCOS FHE12 instrument. The paper reports calibration wavelengths, correlation coefficients, limits of detection, and linearity ranges for the element panel.
Implications
Standards work: This is small-n but important orange-juice occurrence evidence because the reported total-As and Pb values are far above typical contemporary juice values. It should be treated as a market-screening signal from a specific local market rather than as a representative regional distribution.
Courses: Useful example of how a small number of local-market juice samples can still identify serious exceedance signals, but should not be overgeneralized without larger sampling.
App: Provides occurrence fields for total arsenic and lead in orange juice from a specific local-market sample set. The app should preserve the source’s total arsenic result as total As, not inorganic arsenic.
Microbiome: Not addressed.
Wiki pages this source may touch
- aluminum
- arsenic-total
- cadmium
- cobalt
- chromium
- copper
- iron
- lithium
- magnesium
- manganese
- molybdenum
- nickel
- lead
- antimony
- zinc
- orange-juice
- fruit-juice
- fruit-juice-not-canned
- fruit-juices-non-apple
Verification notes
- Fresh auto-fetch ingest 2026-05-19 from the gap-driven fruit-juice wishlist. The same DOI appeared in five downloaded wishlist rows targeting Co, Pb, and total As across fruit-juice categories; this page is the canonical source page for those duplicate downloads.
- Numerical ranges are preserved in the source units. The paper uses mg/L for most text values and ppm for arsenic; for dilute juice these are approximately equivalent, but no conversion is used in the primary table.
- The paper reports elemental arsenic only; no arsenic speciation was performed.
- Strict brand firewall: the source page uses product/matrix descriptions only. The source states that samples came from different manufacturers, but no manufacturer or brand names are included here.
- Methods vendor/equipment/reagent names are retained under Part 12 Exception 2.
- Fresh-context audit (Claude subagent, 2026-05-19): REVISE → applied. Two findings corrected: (1) opening prose updated to state Pb was detected in all seven samples (was “at least one”), with sample VI as outlier maximum; (2) added explicit Sb-below-detection note (LOD 2.44 µg/L per Table 1) and acknowledged the Mn/Co/Cr/B/Sr/Si/Ag screen-but-not-extracted status. All other checks clean: slug vocabulary verified on disk (auditor cross-checked actual files), speciation discipline correct (tAs explicitly labeled, no Cr-VI substitution), brand firewall clean (samples I-VII anonymization preserved), HMTc firewall clean.
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.