Lead: citations and reported findings from the source records associated with this metal profile. These records include measurements and context; inclusion does not establish that every source reports a food concentration.
Lead summary, limits and key findings | Previous records
Table pages: 1 to 200 · 201 to 400 · 401 to 600 · 601 to 800 · 801 to 1000 · 1001 to 1200 · 1201 to 1400 · 1401 to 1512
Showing source records 1401 to 1512 of 1512.
Sources
Source records associated with this topic. Inclusion does not establish that every finding applies to this product or ingredient. References on the metal profile identify works cited in its text. Additional records await source or bibliographic review and are excluded from this list.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on the metal profile for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1401 | Volpe et al. 2012. Determination and assessments of selected heavy metals in eye shadow cosmetics, Microchemical Journal | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | CN/IT/US Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni occurrence in Twenty powdered eye shadow samples representing five sample groups/brands and origin countries China, Italy, and the United States,… (n=20) |
| 1402 | Awata et al. 2011. Association of Dietary Intake and Biomarker Levels of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury among Asian Populations in the United States: NHANES 2011–2012, Environmental Health Perspectives | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in US Asians and other racial/ethnic groups from NHANES 2011-2012 nationally representative sample; first NHANES cycle to oversample Asians |
| 1403 | Canada 2011. Toys Regulations (SOR/2011-17), Justice Laws Website | 2011 | Government report | CA Pb, tHg, Sb, tAs, Cd concentrations |
| 1404 | U.S. Consumer Product Safety 2011. Children’s Products Containing Lead; Technological Feasibility of 100 ppm for Lead Content; Notice of Effective Date of 100 ppm Lead Content Limit in Children’s Products — Office of General Counsel ballot memo (June 22, 2011), Draft Federal Register Notice, and Staff Briefing Package for Commission consideration at the July 13, 2011 decisional meeting; Docket No. CPSC-2010-0080, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Office of the Secretary (Commission ballot package for the July 13, 2011 decisional meeting); attached Office of General Counsel memorandum dated June 22, 2011 signed by Philip L. Chao (Assistant General Counsel) and Hyun S. Kim (Attorney, OGC), through Cheryl A. Falvey (General Counsel) and Kenneth R. Hinson (Executive Director); attached staff briefing package dated June 21, 2011 signed by Robert J. Howell (Assistant Executive Director, Office of Hazard Identification and Reduction), Kristina M. Hatlelid (Ph.D., M.P.H., Toxicologist, Directorate for Health Sciences), and Dominique J. Williams (Toxicologist, Directorate for Health Sciences); Tab A Engineering Sciences memorandum by Randy Butturini and Thomas Caton (Directorate for Engineering Sciences, Office of Hazard Identification and Reduction), dated May 7, 2011; Tab B Economic Analysis memorandum by William W. Zamula and Deborah V. Aiken, Ph.D. (Directorate for Economic Analysis), through Gregory B. Rodgers, Ph.D., dated May 9, 2011 | 2011 | Government guidance | US/CA/IL Pb occurrence in Commission ballot package, draft Federal Register notice, and staff briefing package addressing the technological feasibility of the Consumer… |
| 1405 | Dabeka et al. 2011. Lead, cadmium and aluminum in Canadian infant formulae, oral electrolytes and glucose solutions, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | CA Pb, Cd, Al occurrence in Canadian infant formulae, oral electrolytes, and glucose solutions sampled from retail stores, medical centres, and hospitals in 1999 (n=243) |
| 1406 | Customs Union Commission 2011. TR CU 009/2011 On the Safety of Perfumery and Cosmetic Products, Customs Union Commission Decision No. 799 | 2011 | Government report | EAEU tAs, tHg, Pb concentrations |
| 1407 | EU 2011. Directive 2011/65/EU on restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment - consolidated version of 1 March 2023, Official Journal of the European Union / EUR-Lex consolidated text | 2011 | Government report | EU Pb, tHg, Cd, Cr-VI concentrations |
| 1408 | Zealand 2011. The 23rd Australian Total Diet Study, Food Standards Australia New Zealand | 2011 | Government report | AU/NZ Al, tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, iHg, MeHg occurrence in Ninety-two Australian foods and beverages, including tap and bottled water, represented by 570 composite samples; each composite used… (n=570) |
| 1409 | JECFA 2011. Cadmium (Addendum), 73rd Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives — Safety Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants, WHO Food Additives Series No. 64 (Cadmium addendum, pp. 305-380) | 2011 | Government report | international Cd, Pb concentrations |
| 1410 | JECFA 2011. Lead (Addendum), 73rd Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives — Safety Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants, WHO Technical Report Series 960 (2011); lead addendum in WHO Food Additives Series No. 64 | 2011 | Government report | international Pb, As, Hg, MeHg concentrations |
| 1411 | Khalafalla et al. 2011. Heavy metal residues in beef carcasses in Beni-Suef abattoir, Egypt, Veterinaria Italiana | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | EG Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Cr occurrence in 300 fresh-weight cattle tissue samples from animals slaughtered at the Beni-Suef abattoir in Egypt: 100 muscle, 100 liver,… (n=300) |
| 1412 | Comun 2011. MERCOSUR/GMC/RES. No. 12/11: Reglamento Tecnico MERCOSUR sobre Limites Maximos de Contaminantes Inorganicos en Alimentos, MERCOSUR/GMC/RES. No. 12/11 | 2011 | Government report | MERCOSUR tAs, Pb, Cd, tHg, Sn concentrations |
| 1413 | Morgan 2011. J. Med. Toxicol. (2011) 7:295–305, Peer-reviewed article | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1414 | Nnorom 2011. Trace metals in cosmetic facial talcum powders marketed in Nigeria, Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1415 | Esswein et al. 2011. Handwipe Method for Removing Lead from Skin, Journal of ASTM International 8(5); reprinted in STP1533 pp67–81 | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | Controlled hand-cleaning experiments after lead loading, providing mechanistic context for reducing dermal-to-oral transfer; ingestion and clinical outcomes were not measured. |
| 1416 | Starska et al. 2011. Noxious Elements in Milk and Milk Products in Poland, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs occurrence in 483 milk and dairy product samples from all 16 Polish voivodships (2006–2007); 92% domestic production, 8% other EU… (n=483) |
| 1417 | Tariba et al. 2011. Determination of Lead in Croatian Wines by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1418 | Vietnam Ministry of Health 2011. QCVN 8-2:2011/BYT National technical regulation on the safety limits of heavy metal contamination in food (English), Circular No. 02/2011/TT-BYT, QCVN 8-2:2011/BYT | 2011 | Government report | VN tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, MeHg, Sn concentrations |
| 1419 | Zhu et al. 2011. Health risk assessment of eight heavy metals in nine varieties of edible vegetable oils consumed in China, Food and Chemical Toxicology | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | CN Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, Ni, Pb, tAs occurrence in 109 commercial edible vegetable oil samples purchased from Chinese supermarkets during 2009-2010: 13 soybean, 12 corn, 14 peanut,… (n=109) |
| 1420 | JMRS et al. 2010. Chronic Renal Failure in Sri Lanka Caused by Elevated Dietary Cadmium: Trojan Horse of the Green Revolution, Toxicology Letters 198(1):33–39 | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | LK Cd, Pb, Fe occurrence in Samples from Sri Lanka North Central Province (Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Madawachchiya): rice (n≈40), pulses, fish (Tilapia, Channa), lotus rhizomes,… (n=140) |
| 1421 | Legislature 2010. California Senate Bill No. 929, Chapter 313, Hazardous materials: children’s jewelry: heavy metals, California Statutes 2010, Chapter 313 | 2010 | Government report | US-CA Pb, Cd concentrations |
| 1422 | Cirillo et al. 2010. Survey of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in seafood purchased in Campania, Italy, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B: Surveillance | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | IT Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs occurrence in Seafood marketed in Campania, Italy from January-May 2007: 162 fish and cephalopod specimens and 30 mussel pools/soft-tissue packs… (n=192) |
| 1423 | Falvey et al. 2010. Proposed Standards for Full-Size and Non-Full-Size Cribs under Section 104 of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act and Related Documents — Staff Briefing Memorandum, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Office of General Counsel and Directorate for Engineering Sciences (Briefing Memorandum to the Commission, June 30, 2010; cleared for public release under CPSA 6(b)(1)) | 2010 | Government guidance | US Pb occurrence in No primary heavy-metal concentration measurements are reported in this document. The briefing memorandum’s incident data are drawn from… |
| 1424 | EFSA 2010. Scientific Opinion on Lead in Food, EFSA Journal 2010;8(4):1570 | 2010 | Government report | EU Pb concentrations |
| 1425 | Hwang et al. 2010. Total arsenic, mercury, lead, and cadmium contents in edible dried seaweed in Korea, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B: Surveillance | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | KR tAs, tHg, Pb, Cd occurrence in Dried edible seaweed products sold in Korea in 2007-2008, including laver (n = 125), brown seaweed (n =… (n=426) |
| 1426 | Ibarra 2010. An evaluation of lead in imported candies within Clark County, Nevada, USA, MPH thesis, University of Nevada, Las Vegas | 2010 | Thesis | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1427 | La et al. 2010. Classification of Sicilian Olive Oils According to Heavy Metal and Selenium Levels Using Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA), Olives and Olive Oil in Health and Disease Prevention (Elsevier, ISBN 978-0-12-374420-3), Chapter 18, pp. 155–163 | 2010 | Book chapter | IT Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Se occurrence in 49 virgin olive oil samples from three Sicilian PDO/PGI cultivars (Nocellara del Belice n=18; Biancolilla n=18; Cerasuola n=13)… (n=49) |
| 1428 | Hitchcock et al. 2010. Trouble in Toyland: The 25th Annual Survey of Toy Safety, U.S. PIRG Education Fund, November 2010 | 2010 | NGO report | US Pb, Sb, Cd occurrence in 98 toys and children’s jewelry purchased at retail in September-October 2010 and XRF-screened (337 individual XRF screens performed… (n=260) |
| 1429 | Reference Document for the 2010. Best Available Techniques (BAT), Peer-reviewed article | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1430 | Schade 2010. Toxic Toys “R” Us: PVC Toxic Chemicals in Toys and Packaging — A Report to the National Commission of Inquiry into Toxic Toys, Center for Health, Environment & Justice (CHEJ) PVC Campaign and Teamsters Office of Consumer Affairs (Washington, DC / Falls Church, VA), November 2010, 47 pp. | 2010 | NGO report | US Pb, Cd, Sn occurrence in Two rounds of portable-XRF screening of toys, children’s products, and packaging purchased at retail. Round 1 (June 15,… (n=120) |
| 1431 | EU Scientific Committee on 2010. Evaluation of the Migration Limits for Chemical Elements in Toys (SCHER Opinion), European Commission DG Health & Consumers; SCHER Opinion adopted 1 July 2010 | 2010 | Government report | EU tAs, Cd, Cr-VI, Pb, tHg, Sn occurrence in Regulatory opinion evaluating EU Toys Safety Directive 2009/48/EC migration limits for 19 chemical elements |
| 1432 | Sembratowicz et al. 2010. Contents of Nitrates (III) and (V), Lead and Cadmium in Select Domestic Fruits, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd occurrence in Apples, plums, strawberries, raspberries, and white grapes from allotment gardens in Lublin city center and surrounding rural areas,… (n=108) |
| 1433 | Singh et al. 2010. Heavy metals and living systems: An overview, Peer-reviewed article | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1434 | Hongxing et al. 2010. Simultaneous Determination of Content of Ten Heavy Metals in Detergents from China by ICP-MS, Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 22, No. 6, 4777-4780 (Article ID AJC-8474) | 2010 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ti, Se occurrence in Four detergent products purchased at the Chaoshifa supermarket in Beijing, China. The paper describes the products generically as… (n=4) |
| 1435 | Abdullah 2009. Determination of Heavy Metals in Selected Fish Sauce, B.Sc. (Hons.) Chemistry final-year project, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia | 2009 | Thesis | MY Pb, Cd, Zn, Al occurrence in Three commercial fish-sauce samples coded sample A, sample B, and sample C. The abstract does not state brand… (n=3) |
| 1436 | (BfR) 2009. Lead and cadmium do not belong in toys, BfR Opinion No. 048/2009, 1 June 2009 (Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Germany) | 2009 | Regulatory | EU/DE Pb, Cd occurrence in Risk-assessment opinion document. No primary sampling. Synthesises external dietary-intake estimates and biomonitoring data, including: lead alimentary intake in… |
| 1437 | Sarantis et al. 2009. Pretty Scary: Could Halloween Face Paint Cause Lifelong Health Problems? A Report on Heavy Metals in Face Paints, Campaign for Safe Cosmetics; Breast Cancer Fund; Commonwealth (October 2009) | 2009 | Nonprofit | US Pb, Ni, Co, Cr, tAs, tHg occurrence in 10 children’s face paint and theater makeup products purchased through Amazon.com (shipped by a variety of distribution companies)… (n=10) |
| 1438 | U.S. Consumer Product Safety 2009. Children’s Products Containing Lead; Notice of Proposed Procedures and Requirements for a Commission Determination or Exclusion (16 CFR 1500.89 and 1500.90); and companion Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Proposed Determinations Regarding Lead Content Limits on Certain Materials or Products, Federal Register, Vol. 74, No. 10, January 15, 2009 (proposed rules); pp. 2428-2433 (FR Doc. E9-715, signed Todd A. Stevenson, Secretary, January 9, 2009) and pp. 2433+ (companion NPR on natural-materials determinations); contact point Kristina M. Hatlelid, Ph.D., M.P.H., Directorate for Health Sciences | 2009 | Government guidance | US Pb occurrence in Federal Register issue of January 15, 2009 reproducing two companion CPSC notices of proposed rulemaking under CPSIA Section… |
| 1439 | U.S. Consumer Product Safety 2009. Children’s Products Containing Lead; Interpretative Rule on Inaccessible Component Parts (16 CFR 1500.87) — Commission ballot package: draft Federal Register notice, staff guidance memorandum, and response to public comments, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Office of the Secretary (ballot package for the 16 CFR Part 1500 final interpretative rule under CPSIA Section 101(b)(2)); attached staff memoranda authored by Robert J. Howell (Assistant Executive Director, Office of Hazard Identification and Reduction) and Kristina M. Hatlelid (Ph.D., M.P.H., Toxicologist, Directorate for Health Sciences) | 2009 | Government guidance | US Pb occurrence in Commission ballot package and draft Federal Register notice promulgating the final interpretative rule codified at 16 CFR 1500.87… |
| 1440 | Diaz-Bone et al. 2009. Biovolatilization of Metal(loid)s by Intestinal Microorganisms in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem, Environmental Science & Technology, 2009, 43, 5249-5256 | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1441 | DPPH et al. 2009. Food and Chemical Toxicology 47 (2009) 2381–2388, Peer-reviewed article | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1442 | Parliament et al. 2009. Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products (recast), Official Journal of the European Union, L 342, 22.12.2009, p. 59-209 | 2009 | Regulation | EU Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Sb, Ni, Cr, Be, Se, Tl, Al, Sr, Zr occurrence in Not applicable. This is the EU horizontal cosmetic-products regulation, not a market survey. The document text is the… |
| 1443 | Board 2009. Food Safety Regulations 2009, Legal Notice No. 20 | 2009 | Government report | FJ tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Sn, Cr-total concentrations |
| 1444 | Hatlelid 2009. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Regulation of Lead in Children’s Products, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Directorate for Health Sciences | 2009 | Government guidance | US Pb occurrence in CPSC staff presentation summarising the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA) Section 101 lead-content limits for… |
| 1445 | Hunt et al. 2009. Lead bullet fragments in venison from rifle-killed deer: potential for human dietary exposure, PLoS ONE | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb occurrence in Thirty eviscerated white-tailed deer carcasses shot by hunters in Sheridan County, Wyoming with standard lead-core, copper-jacketed rifle bullets… (n=30) |
| 1446 | Kalavrouziotis 2009. Heavy metal accumulation in Brussels sprouts after irrigation with treated municipal waste water, Journal of Plant Interactions | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1447 | Kazi et al. 2009. Determination of toxic elements in infant formulae by using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer, Food and Chemical Toxicology | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | PK Al, Cd, Pb occurrence in Imported infant milk-based and soy-based formulae purchased in Pakistan (n=17) |
| 1448 | Konuspayeva et al. 2009. Pollution of Camel Milk by Heavy Metals in Kazakhstan, The Open Environmental Pollution & Toxicology Journal | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | KZ Pb, tAs, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn occurrence in Two sub-studies in Kazakhstan: (i) 8 farms across 4 regions (Almaty, Aral, Atyrau, Shymkent) sampled for water, fodder,… (n=71) |
| 1449 | Pagels et al. 2009. Chemical Composition and Mass Emission Factors of Candle Smoke Particles, Journal of Aerosol Science 40(3):193-208 | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | SE Cu, Sn, Co, Zn, Pb occurrence in Two tapered candle types manufactured by market-leading Swedish companies: a white pure-stearin low-soot candle and a dark-blue budget… (n=2) |
| 1450 | Panama et al. 2009. Resolucion No. 368 of 15 May 2009: maximum contaminant limits for fishery products, Gaceta Oficial Digital No. 26307 | 2009 | Government report | PA Cd, Pb, tHg concentrations |
| 1451 | Services 2009. Canada Publishes Legislated Heavy Metal Requirements for Toys Containing Surface Coating Materials, SGS SafeGuards Bulletin No. 181/09, Hardlines, Softlines, Electrical & Electronic, October 2009 | 2009 | Trade publication | CA/US Pb, Sb, tAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, tHg, Se occurrence in Regulatory-summary trade bulletin. No primary sampling or measurement. Summarises legal limits and test methods from (i) the Health… |
| 1452 | Shin et al. 2009. Determination of Heavy Metals in Sanitary Products of Women, Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | KR/JP/US Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb occurrence in Thirteen sanitary napkins and five tampons manufactured in Korea, Japan, the United States, Germany, and China; the Conclusion… (n=18) |
| 1453 | Zachariadis et al. 2009. Multi-element method for determination of trace elements in sunscreens by ICP-AES, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis | 2009 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1454 | Barthwal et al. 2008. Heavy Metal Accumulation in Medicinal Plants Collected from Environmentally Different Sites, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | IN Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni occurrence in Five medicinal plant species collected from three Lucknow, India site types (heavy traffic area, residential area, industrial area),… (n=15) |
| 1455 | Committee on Toxicity of 2008. COT Statement on the 2006 UK Total Diet Study of Metals and Other Elements, Committee on Toxicity statement | 2008 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, iAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Mo, Ni, Se, Sn, Tl, Zn occurrence in 2006 UK Total Diet Study: 119 food categories combined into 20 prepared-as-consumed food groups for metals and other… (n=20) |
| 1456 | David et al. 2008. The heavy metals analyses in canned tomato paste, Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | RO/IT Pb, Cd, Sn, Al, Cr, Fe, Zn, tAs occurrence in Five commercial canned tomato paste and tomato sauce products tested in Romania: two Romanian-branded products in metal cans,… (n=5) |
| 1457 | Khalid et al. 2008. LABORATORY SCALE ELECTROKINETIC REMEDIATION OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM FROM CONTAMINATED SOIL, The Nucleus 45(1–2):55–61 | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | PK Cr, Cr-VI, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Fe, V occurrence in Nilore, Islamabad soil and one spiked-soil electrokinetic laboratory trial |
| 1458 | Nasser 2008. Mycobiota, Mycotoxins, and Heavy Metals from Instant Noodles in Saudi Arabia, Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1459 | Pehlivan et al. 2008. Determination of some inorganic metals in edible vegetable oils by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Grasas y Aceites | 2008 | Peer-reviewed | TR Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, Zn occurrence in 17 edible vegetable oil samples from Turkish food markets: soybean, hazelnut, almond, natural olive, riviera olive (3 types),… (n=17) |
| 1460 | (SENASA) et al. 2008. Decreto Ejecutivo No. 34687-MAG: RTCR 409:2008 fishery and aquaculture product limits, La Gaceta No. 160 | 2008 | Government report | CR tHg, Cd, Pb, Sn concentrations |
| 1461 | Legislature 2008. Washington Children’s Safe Product Act, Chapter 288, Laws of 2008, Laws of Washington | 2008 | Government report | US-WA Pb, Cd concentrations |
| 1462 | Abulude et al. 2007. Assessment of the Content of Pb, Cd, Ni and Cr in Soaps and Detergents from Akure, Nigeria, Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology 1(2): 102-104 (Academic Journals Inc.; ISSN 1819-3420) | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr occurrence in Nineteen soap and detergent samples purchased in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria in July 2006. The sample mix as… (n=19) |
| 1463 | Cosmetics 2007. A Poison Kiss: The Problem of Lead in Lipstick, Campaign for Safe Cosmetics report | 2007 | Nonprofit | US Pb occurrence in Thirty-three unopened red lipsticks purchased in August 2007 from retail stores in Boston, Hartford, Minneapolis, and San Francisco… (n=33) |
| 1464 | Islam EU 2007. Assessing potential dietary toxicity of heavy metals in selected vegetables and food crops, Journal of Zhejiang University Science B | 2007 | Review | CN/UK/US Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs, Al occurrence in Review with primary data from Zhejiang University pot/greenhouse experiments on Chinese cabbage, winter greens, pakchoi, and celery; supplemented… |
| 1465 | Khan et al. 2007. Effect of Environmental Pollution on Heavy Metals Content of Withania somnifera, Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | PK Cr, Pb, Cu, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn occurrence in Withania somnifera roots, stems, leaves, and fruits, plus paired soils, collected from three locations of N.W.F.P./Peshawar Valley, Pakistan;… |
| 1466 | Japan Ministry of Health, 2007. Ministerial Ordinance on Milk and Milk products Concerning Compositional Standards, etc., Ministerial Ordinance on Milk and Milk products Concerning Compositional Standards, etc. (English translation) | 2007 | Government report | JP Pb, Cd, tAs concentrations |
| 1467 | Panama 2007. Panama Decreto Ejecutivo No. 467 of 2007: plant-product heavy metals and nitrates, Gaceta Oficial Digital No. 25932 | 2007 | Government report | PA Pb, Cd concentrations |
| 1468 | Poulsen et al. 2007. A survey and health assessment of cosmetic products for children, Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products, No. 88, 2007 (Danish Ministry of the Environment, Environmental Protection Agency) | 2007 | Government report | DK/EU Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Cr, Ni, Sn, Sb, Ba, Se occurrence in 10 cosmetic-product packaging materials selected from 208 children’s cosmetic products (ages 3-14) mapped on the Danish market April-June… (n=10) |
| 1469 | Shotyk et al. 2007. Lead in bottled waters: contamination from glass and comparison with pristine groundwater, Environmental Science & Technology 41:3508-3513 | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1470 | Singapore Health Sciences Authority 2007. Health Products (Cosmetic Products - ASEAN Cosmetic Directive) Regulations 2007, Singapore Government Gazette / informal consolidation in force from 1 December 2025 | 2007 | Government report | SG tAs, Pb, tHg concentrations |
| 1471 | Trinidad and Tobago Ministry 2007. Food and Drugs Act Chapter 30:01: food metal limits in regulations and fishery products schedule, Laws of Trinidad and Tobago | 2007 | Government report | TT tAs, Pb, Cd, tHg, MeHg concentrations |
| 1472 | Divrikli et al. 2006. Trace heavy metal contents of some spices and herbal plants from western Anatolia, Turkey, International Journal of Food Science and Technology | 2006 | Peer-reviewed | TR Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn occurrence in Eleven spice and herbal plant species collected from 50 farmers in western Anatolia, Turkey, June-October 2003; four samples… (n=44) |
| 1473 | Larese et al. 2006. Skin Absorption of Inorganic Lead (PbO) and the Effect of Skin Cleansers, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 48:692-699 | 2006 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1474 | Nilsson et al. 2006. Survey and health assesment of chemicals substances in sex toys, Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products No. 77, 2006. Danish Environmental Protection Agency. | 2006 | Regulatory agency report | DK/EU Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb occurrence in 16 sex toys and fetish-clothing products purchased for Danish EPA screening: soft-vinyl, natural-latex/rubber, thermoplastic-rubber/SEBS, and hard-plastic products including… (n=16) |
| 1475 | Shotyk et al. 2006. Contamination of Canadian and European bottled waters with antimony from PET containers, Journal of Environmental Monitoring 8:288-292 | 2006 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1476 | Bureau of Indian Standards 2004. IS 3959:2004 Skin Powder - Specification, Indian Standard | 2004 | Government report | IN Pb, tAs concentrations |
| 1477 | Bureau of Indian Standards 2004. IS 6608:2004 Skin Creams - Specification, Indian Standard | 2004 | Government report | IN Pb, tAs concentrations |
| 1478 | EC 2004. Assessment of the dietary exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury of the population of the EU Member States, Reports on tasks for scientific cooperation, SCOOP Task 3.2.11 | 2004 | Government report | EU/BE/DK tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in Occurrence, consumption, and intake submissions for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury from EU Member States and Norway under… |
| 1479 | EPA 2004. Lead and Compounds (Inorganic) — IRIS Chemical Assessment Summary, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Risk Information System | 2004 | Government report | US Pb concentrations |
| 1480 | FDA 2004. Juice HACCP Hazards and Controls Guidance, First Edition — Lead in Juice, FDA Guidance for Industry | 2004 | Government guidance | US Pb concentrations |
| 1481 | Ndung’u et al. 2004. Determination of lead in vinegar by ICP-MS and GFAAS: evaluation of different sample preparation procedures, Talanta | 2004 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb occurrence in 59 commercial vinegars purchased in California: 52 balsamic, 4 wine, 1 apple cider, 1 rice, 1 garlic (n=59) |
| 1482 | Shin et al. 2004. Hazardous substance analysis of disposable diaper for infant, Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles 28(1):165-171 | 2004 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1483 | Committee on Toxicity of 2003. COT statement on a survey of metals in infant food, Committee on Toxicity statement | 2003 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn occurrence in Commercial UK baby foods and formulae, including infant formulae, manufactured baby foods, desserts, rusks, and infant drinks, surveyed… (n=189) |
| 1484 | Hostynek 2003. Factors determining percutaneous metal absorption, Food and Chemical Toxicology 41:327-345 | 2003 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1485 | JECFA 2003. Talc (INS No. 553(iii)) specifications, prepared at the 61st JECFA (2003), FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 52 Add 11 (2003), superseding the specifications of the 55th JECFA (2000), FNP 52 Add 8. ADI not specified (30th JECFA, 1986). | 2003 | Government report | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1486 | Almela et al. 2002. Heavy Metal, Total Arsenic, and Inorganic Arsenic Contents of Algae Food Products, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | 2002 | Peer-reviewed | ES tAs, iAs, Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in Eighteen processed edible-algae food products on retail sale in Valencia, Spain: 12 brown-algae products (wakame from Undaria pinnatifida,… (n=18) |
| 1487 | Cobbett et al. 2002. Phytochelatins and Metallothioneins: Roles in Heavy Metal Detoxification and Homeostasis, Annual Review of Plant Biology | 2002 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, iAs, tHg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni occurrence in Narrative review of the phytochelatin and metallothionein literature; primary focus on Arabidopsis thaliana, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and other plant… |
| 1488 | EU 2002. Directive 2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on undesirable substances in animal feed - consolidated version of 28 November 2019, Official Journal of the European Communities / EUR-Lex consolidated text | 2002 | Government report | EU tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg concentrations |
| 1489 | Sun et al. 2002. Percutaneous absorption of inorganic lead compounds, AIHA Journal 63(5):641-646 | 2002 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1490 | Stringer et al. 2001. Toxic chemicals in a child’s world: an investigation into PVC plastic products, Greenpeace Research Laboratories, University of Exeter (UK); June 2001 | 2001 | NGO report | AT/BR/CA Pb, Cd, Sn occurrence in 54 vinyl-chloride (PVC or vinyl) consumer products purchased in 20 countries (Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Czech Republic,… (n=54) |
| 1491 | OEHHA 2000. Appendix F - Dermal Uptake of Chemicals from Soil (Technical Support Document for Exposure Assessment and Stochastic Analysis), Cal/EPA OEHHA Air Toxics Hot Spots Program - Technical Support Document for Exposure Assessment and Stochastic Analysis | 2000 | Government report | US tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Ni, Cr-VI, Be occurrence in Regulatory guidance; per-chemical dermal absorption fraction (ABS) point estimates derived from review of in-vivo and in-vitro percutaneous-absorption studies… |
| 1492 | Zhou et al. 2000. Heavy Metal Contamination in Vegetables and Their Control in China, Food Reviews International | 2000 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn occurrence in Secondary review of previously published Chinese city surveys of vegetables and some grains. Tables 2-11 reproduce values from… |
| 1493 | Voegborlo et al. 1999. Mercury, cadmium and lead content of canned tuna fish, Food Chemistry | 1999 | Peer-reviewed | LY tHg, Cd, Pb occurrence in Fifty 5 kg cans of tuna fish from the Tuna Canning Factory in Misurata, Libya; tuna were caught… (n=50) |
| 1494 | U.S. Consumer Product Safety 1997. CPSC Staff Report on Lead and Cadmium in Children’s Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Products, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Staff Report | 1997 | Regulatory | US Pb, Cd occurrence in Twelve of the 18 children’s polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products identified as likely to be handled, mouthed, or chewed… (n=12) |
| 1495 | Di Gangi 1997. Lead and Cadmium in Vinyl Children’s Products: A Greenpeace Exposé, Greenpeace USA (Washington, DC); ERIC document ED 414 034 / PS 026 006 | 1997 | NGO report | US/CA Pb, Cd occurrence in 131 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) consumer products purchased at national chain stores (Kmart, Wal-Mart, Target, Toys R Us, Disney… (n=131) |
| 1496 | Codex 1995. General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (CXS 193-1995), Codex Alimentarius (Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme) | 1995 | Government report | international Cd, Pb, Hg, MeHg, iAs, Sn concentrations |
| 1497 | Dabeka et al. 1995. Survey of Lead, Cadmium, Fluoride, Nickel, and Cobalt in Food Composites and Estimation of Dietary Intakes of These Elements by Canadians in 1986-1988, Journal of AOAC International | 1995 | Peer-reviewed | CA Pb, Cd, Ni, Co occurrence in Five Canadian total-diet composite groups, each with 113 composites and 39 composite subsets, prepared from foods purchased in… (n=760) |
| 1498 | Stauber et al. 1994. Percutaneous absorption of inorganic lead compounds, The Science of the Total Environment | 1994 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1499 | Acosta et al. 1993. Levels of Cd, Pb, and Ni in Different Types of Vinegars, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology | 1993 | Peer-reviewed | ES/DE/GB Cd, Pb, Ni occurrence in 52 bottled vinegars from supermarkets in Tenerife and Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain): 26 wine vinegar, 10 apple… (n=52) |
| 1500 | Chou et al. 1993. Cadmium in American lobster (Homarus americanus) from the area of Belledune Harbour, New Brunswick, Canada: 1980-1992 results, Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 1916 | 1993 | Gray literature | CA Cd, Pb, tHg, tAs, Cu, Ag occurrence in American lobster (Homarus americanus) captured 1980-1992 at eight sites in and around Belledune Harbour, New Brunswick, Canada —… |
| 1501 | Sources et al. 1990. Heavy Metals in Air, Soil, and, Peer-reviewed article | 1990 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 1502 | Grill et al. 1989. Phytochelatins, the heavy-metal-binding peptides of plants, are synthesized from glutathione by a specific gamma-glutamylcysteine dipeptidyl transpeptidase (phytochelatin synthase), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA | 1989 | Peer-reviewed | Cd, Pb, tHg occurrence in In vitro enzymology in Silene cucubalus cell suspension cultures; no food, environmental, or human samples. |
| 1503 | Development 1988. Regulations prohibiting the use of any active or potentially active depigmenting ingredient, lead and its salts, mercury and its salts and the cosmetic category skin bleacher, skin lightener or skin whitener, Government Notice No. R. 1227 of 24 June 1988 | 1988 | Government report | ZA Pb, tHg concentrations |
| 1504 | Troncoso et al. 1988. Metallic contaminants in Andalusian vinegars, Die Nahrung | 1988 | Peer-reviewed | ES Pb, tAs, Zn, Cu, Fe occurrence in 16 white wine vinegar samples from Western Andalusia (mainly Sherry/Jerez influence area and El Condado, Huelva), Spain; 13… (n=16) |
| 1505 | Dabeka et al. 1987. Lead, cadmium, and fluoride levels in market milk and infant formulas in Canada, Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists 70(4):754-757 | 1987 | Study | Pb, Cd concentrations from the cited dataset |
| 1506 | Buchet et al. 1983. Oral daily intake of cadmium, lead, manganese, copper, chromium, mercury, calcium, zinc and arsenic in Belgium: a duplicate meal study, Food and Chemical Toxicology | 1983 | Peer-reviewed | BE Cd, Pb, Mn, Cu, Cr, tHg, Ca, Zn, tAs occurrence in One hundred twenty-four 24-hour duplicate meals and beverages collected from Brussels, Liege, Charleroi, and a Brussels hospital kitchen… (n=124) |
| 1507 | Kirkpatrick et al. 1980. The Trace Element Content of Canadian Baby Foods and Estimation of Trace Element Intake by Infants, Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal 13(4):154-161 | 1980 | Peer-reviewed | CA Cd, Cr-total, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn occurrence in Canadian national survey, 1975 sample collection. 306 unique products requested from all manufacturers of baby foods, formulae, and… (n=330) |
| 1508 | Ammerman et al. 1977. Contaminating elements in mineral supplements and their potential toxicity: A review, Journal of Animal Science | 1977 | Peer-reviewed | US/CA Pb, tAs, Cd, Al, tHg, V occurrence in Example analyses of feed-grade micro-mineral supplement materials in Table 2: manganese oxide (n=3), iron carbonate/sulfate/oxide (n=5), zinc oxide… (n=12) |
| 1509 | Mahaffey et al. 1975. Heavy Metal Exposure from Foods, Environmental Health Perspectives | 1975 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Zn occurrence in FDA Total Diet Study (Market Basket Survey) 1965–1974; 30 market baskets per year collected from US retail stores… |
| 1510 | Nielsen et al. 1975. Heavy metal levels in New Zealand molluscs, New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 9(4), 467-481 | 1975 | Peer-reviewed | NZ Cd, Pb, tHg, Cu, Zn, Fe occurrence in Two hundred and three numbered samples (Appendix sample numbers 1-203) drawn from 199 sampling sites distributed around the… (n=203) |
| 1511 | Japan Ministry of Health, 1959. MHLW Notice No. 370 standards for foods, additives, apparatus, and containers and packaging - Section III, Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare standards notice | 1959 | Government report | JP Pb, Sb concentrations |
| 1512 | OEHHA. Lead and Lead Compounds — Proposition 65 Chemical Listing, California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Proposition 65 Listings | — | Government report | US-CA Pb concentrations |