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Heavy Metal Index

Risk of cadmium, lead and zinc exposure from consumption of vegetables produced in areas with mining and smelting past

Ćwieląg-Drabek and colleagues measured cadmium, lead, and zinc in 219 topsoil samples and 64 vegetable samples from family allotment gardens in Silesia Province, Poland, an area with a mining and smelting history.

Ćwieląg-Drabek and colleagues measured cadmium, lead, and zinc in 219 topsoil samples and 64 vegetable samples from family allotment gardens in Silesia Province, Poland, an area with a mining and smelting history. Vegetables were prepared as they would be eaten, peeled, and reported on a fresh weight basis. Soil was dried and reported on a dry weight basis. The abstract states average vegetable cadmium of 0.52 mg/kg fresh weight and average lead of 0.57 mg/kg fresh weight. Type-specific means, minima, and maxima are in Table 4.

Key numbers

Figures below are copied as printed. Units are not converted. Species are not merged.

AnalyteWhat was reportedValueUnitBasisWhere
CdMPC3mg kg−1 dry weightdry weightTable 2, p. 5
PbMPC250mg kg−1 dry weightdry weightTable 2, p. 5
ZnMPC500mg kg−1 dry weightdry weightTable 2, p. 5
CdMPC mg kg−1 fresh weight Cd0.10mg kg−1 fresh weightwet weightTable 4, p. 5
PbMPC mg kg−1 fresh weight Pb0.10mg kg−1 fresh weightwet weightTable 4, p. 5
CdMPC mg kg−1 fresh weight Cd0.10mg kg−1 fresh weightwet weightTable 4, p. 5
PbMPC mg kg−1 fresh weight Pb0.10mg kg−1 fresh weightwet weightTable 4, p. 5
CdMPC mg kg−1 fresh weight Cd0.10mg kg−1 fresh weightwet weightTable 4, p. 5
PbMPC mg kg−1 fresh weight Pb0.10mg kg−1 fresh weightwet weightTable 4, p. 5
CdMPC mg kg−1 fresh weight Cd0.10mg kg−1 fresh weightwet weightTable 4, p. 5
PbMPC mg kg−1 fresh weight Pb0.10mg kg−1 fresh weightwet weightTable 4, p. 5
CdMPC mg kg−1 fresh weight Cd0.20mg kg−1 fresh weightwet weightTable 4, p. 5
PbMPC mg kg−1 fresh weight Pb0.10mg kg−1 fresh weightwet weightTable 4, p. 5
ZnMPC Zn,mg kg−1 fresh weightwet weightTable 4, p. 5

The structured evidence record for this source holds 158 copied values. The table above is the short set.

Methods (brief)

Gardens were in four zones of Upper Silesia. Vegetables collected in 2013 to 2017 were carrot root, potato tuber, beetroot bulb, parsley root, and celery root, chosen by what was growing. Soil was taken from 0 to 20 cm as a composite of 10 to 15 cores per square meter. About 0.5 g dry soil or 1 g fresh vegetable was microwave digested in nitric acid. Metals were measured by ICP-OES, with low-level samples repeated by atomic absorption. Results were checked with a cabbage certified reference material and a soil reference material. The paper does not print the certified or measured reference values. Health risk used three scenarios of average daily dose and hazard quotient, which are not copied here.

Evidence fitness

These data support fresh weight Cd, Pb, and Zn means, minima, and maxima in carrot, potato, beetroot, parsley, and celery from Silesian allotment gardens; dry weight Cd, Pb, and Zn summaries in allotment topsoil by zone and sampling point; comparison with cited EU vegetable maximum levels and Polish soil quality standards.

They do not support inorganic or organic species of these elements; individual vegetable sample rows; antimony, arsenic, mercury, or chromium in these samples; a certification threshold.

Limitations

Vegetable results are fresh weight summaries, not individual plants, even though beetroot (n=8), parsley (n=13), celery (n=13), and carrot (n=14) are at or below 15 samples. Zone II soil has n=7 and only summaries are printed. Lead minima of <0.007 are not defined as a detection limit. Zone IV zinc is a row of dashes. One carrot cadmium maximum is printed 4,82 with a comma. A cited soil range prints cadmium as 25-l33. Cadmium, lead, and zinc are not speciated. Table 5 doses and hazard quotients were not transcribed.

Update history

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