Buba et al. 2020 - domestic pig metals in Nigeria

Buba and colleagues measured lead, iron, cadmium, nickel, and copper in domestic pig kidney, liver, and muscle samples purchased from ten commercial sellers in Guyuk Metropolis, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The paper reports tissue means in mg/g after drying, ashing, acid digestion, and AAS analysis. The units and tissue labels are preserved as printed; no conversion to mg/kg was performed.

Key numbers

• Sample frame: the Sample Collection section states that domestic pig kidney, liver, and muscle were bought from ten (10) commercial sellers in Guyuk Metropolis, Adamawa State, Nigeria.
• Table 1, kidney of both sexes (mg/g): Pb 0.076±0.000, Fe 0.943±0.001, Cd 0.022±0.001, Ni 0.010±0.000, Cu 0.255±0.001.
• Table 1, liver of both sexes (mg/g): Pb 0.095±0.000, Fe 8.165±0.001, Cd 0.042±0.001, Ni 0.022±0.001, Cu 0.086±0.001.
• Table 1, muscle of both sexes (mg/g): Pb 0.085±0.000, Fe 3.778±0.001, Cd 0.034±0.001, Ni 0.011±0.000, Cu 0.054±0.001.
• Table 2, male domestic pigs (mg/g): kidney Pb 0.072±0.000, Fe 1.543±0.001, Cd 0.024±0.001, Ni 0.010±0.000, Cu 0.253±0.001; liver Pb 0.085±0.003, Fe 7.665±0.001, Cd 0.032±0.001, Ni 0.012±0.001, Cu 0.066±0.003; muscle Pb 0.073±0.002, Fe 5.474±0.001, Cd 0.034±0.002, Ni 0.014±0.001, Cu 0.052±0.001.
• Table 3, female domestic pigs (mg/g): kidney Pb 0.076±0.003, Fe 2.943±0.001, Cd 0.022±0.001, Ni 0.010±0.000, Cu 0.255±0.001; liver Pb 0.095±0.001, Fe 8.165±0.002, Cd 0.042±0.002, Ni 0.022±0.001, Cu 0.086±0.003; muscle Pb 0.085±0.003, Fe 5.778±0.002, Cd 0.034±0.002, Ni 0.011±0.000, Cu 0.054±0.001.
• Table 4, sex-summary means (mg/g): male Pb 0.077±0.002, Fe 4.894±0.001, Cd 0.030±0.004, Ni 0.012±0.003, Cu 0.124±0.001; female Pb 0.085±0.003, Fe 5.629±0.001, Cd 0.033±0.001, Ni 0.014±0.001, Cu 0.132±0.001.

Methods (brief)

The authors collected pork kidney, liver, and muscle, homogenized each organ separately, weighed 10g fresh homogenized sample, dried it at 105°C, ashed the ground sample in a muffle furnace up to 550 oC, digested it with a tri-acid mixture reported as (HNO3: HCO4: H2SO4) at 10:4:1, filtered through Whatman 541, diluted with 25mls distilled water, and analyzed Pb, Fe, Cu, Ni, and Cd with a Buck Scientific 230A Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Data were presented as mean and standard error mean and analyzed by ANOVA/Duncan’s multiple comparison test and Student t-test in SPSS version 20.

Implications

Certification (HMTc): This is direct pork occurrence evidence for Nigerian-market domestic pig muscle and organ meats, with liver carrying the largest Pb, Fe, Cd, and Ni means in Table 1 and kidney carrying the largest Cu mean. The paper is tiered C because it is small-n, market-local, and internally inconsistent in a few textual descriptions, but the tables still provide routeable tissue-level occurrence values.

Courses: The paper is useful as a worked example in preserving the source’s reported unit and matrix basis. The abstract and results prose report muscle cadmium as 0.34±0.001mg/g, while Table 1 and the discussion report 0.034±0.001mg/g; this page routes the table value and documents the discrepancy rather than correcting or converting it.

App: The source can support Nigeria pork-product context for Pb, Fe, Cd, Ni, and Cu, especially when an app view needs to distinguish muscle from organ meat and avoid mixing the tissue-specific means.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• lead
• iron
• cadmium
• nickel
• copper
• meat
• organ-meats
• pork-product

Verification notes

• PDF text was extracted with pdftotext -layout to /tmp/mfk_june8_574.txt and spot-checked with pdftotext -raw in /tmp/mfk_june8_574_raw.txt; the title block, abstract, Sample Collection, Sample preparation and Determination of heavy metals, Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, and Discussion were checked against this page.
• The paper does not print a DOI in the extracted title/metadata text. Title/author text, raw handle MFK_determination-of-some-heavy-metals-in-kidney-liver, and candidate cite-key buba2020-domestic-pig-metals-nigeria were searched before creation; no existing source page was found. The publisher archive/PDF URL was checked for the no-DOI fallback.
• Units are copied exactly as mg/g; the source dries and ashes the samples before analysis, but it does not provide a conversion to wet weight or mg/kg, so this page does not convert units.
• Speciation: the source reports total Pb, Fe, Cd, Ni, and Cu by AAS; no arsenic, mercury, or chromium speciation is involved.
• Brand firewall: the source identifies commercial sellers in aggregate and does not name brands or sellers. No brand or seller-specific contamination values are reported here.
• Frontmatter slugs were checked against docs/gpt-collaboration/taxonomy-snapshot.md. The taxonomy has meat, organ-meats, and pork-product; it lacks exact pork kidney/liver/muscle ingredient slugs, so tissue names remain matrix descriptors rather than invented ingredient/product links.

Page history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.