Overview
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- cause the water requirements consume almost 90 % of the
- Fig. 3 – Drought in Përlepnica Lake in 2020 (published with au- etables, as the land in this part is very fertile and suitable
- 2.2 Sampling vation of the samples for the analysis. That means that the
- use, all glassware was washed with 1–2 % HCl solution,
- Table 1 – Coordinates of sediment sampling in Përlepnica Lake The HACH® Model DR/2010 Spectrophotometer is a mi-
- Table 2 – Coordinates of water sampling in Përlepnica Lake
- was determined using a portable multi-parameter analyser, Mg2+ (mg l−1) = ·7.19 (4)
- Sulfa Ver 4 (0–70 mg l−1), method 8051, and the absorb- until it turned orange, and the amount of titre used was
- thyl-orange. A volume of 100 ml water sample was trans- water of Përlepnica Lake
- colour changed to orange.1 The analysis results were cal- is crucial, because it provides essential information for effi-
- Table 3 – Physicochemical parameters of the Përlepnica Lake (March 2020)
- systems.19 The normal water pH range mentioned in Direc- ble 3). NTU is usually very high in Përlepnica Lake in the
- in the range between 7.28 and 8.25, the average pH value Dissolved oxygen (DO) is considered an important meas-
- with Directive 75/440 BE (Table 3). Electrical conductivity ic resource’s ability to support aquatic life.21 According to
- was 4.35 mg l−1 (Table 3). Based on the analysed samples,
- ues of all the samples are plotted in Table 3. According to
- measured conductivity of all water samples ranged from capability of water to neutralize the acid.22 The acceptable
- was 392.83 μS cm−1 (Table 3). High conductivity may lead is 10.50 ml. The results showed that the measured A-HCl
- to lowering the aesthetic value of the water by giving miner- of all water samples ranged from 2.80 to 3.20 ml, and the
- al taste to the water. For industrial and agricultural activity, average A-HCl value was 3.01 ml (Table 3). The value of
- Table 3. According to Directive 75/440 BE, the maximum from 176.90 to 195.20 mg l−1, and the average HCO3− val-
- allowable level of NTU is < 5. The lowest turbidity value ue was 184.95 mg l−1 (Table 3). General hardness (GH) is
- value was 10.2 °dH, the highest value was 11.3 °dH, and centration EC 74/440 (Table 3). Based on Table 4, it can
- the average GH/°dH value was 10.83 °dH (Table 3). Based be seen that Përlepnica Lake has higher values in physico-
- results for all studied water samples of Përlepnica Lake are Table 4 – Comparison of concentration of physicochemical pa-
- shown in (Table 3). According to Directive 75/440 BE, the rameters in the water of Përlepnica Lake and Skadar
- (Table 3). As mentioned previously, magnesium (Mg+2) is a
- of all water samples ranged from 8.41 to 12.10 mg l−1, and of this study
- the average Mg+2 value was 10.47 mg l−1 (Table 3). Chlo- temperature °C 17.50–18.80 8.60–14.58
- the measured Cl− of all water samples ranged from 180 nitrites (NO2−) mg l−1 0.002–0.003 0.003–0.03
- (Table 3). The high amount of chlorides also indicates an nitrates (NO3−) mg l−1 5.10–6.30 0.004–3.37
- that the measured SO43− of all water samples ranged from magnesium (Mg2+) mg l−1 8.41–12.10 5.10–5.13
- 40.16 mg l−1 (Table 3). Based on the results of the ana- °dH 10.20–11.30 5.20–10.00
- measured NO3− of all water samples ranged from 5.10 to
- (Table 3). The value of NO3− in this lake is low because causes environmental and public health problems world-
- leases its wastewater into a river or lake.23 The acceptable
- of all water samples ranged from 0.002 to 0.003 mg l−1, samples are very high (1.69–1.96 mg kg−1; Table 5) and the
- and the average NO2− value was 0.0025 mg l−1 (Table 3). samples are included in a single group .
- with the Directive 75/440, except NTU, which was slightly Lake and Skadar Lake (Table 6).
- Table 5 – Concentration of heavy metals in the sediment of Përlepnica Lake (January 2020)
- From the reanalysis of the samples, the change in concentrations ranged from 0.0001 to 0.0002 mg kg−1
- sediment pollution (Table 5). for the metabolic process. Its toxicity alters physiological, bi-
Methods (brief)
- Heavy metals, Përlepnica Lake, water, sediment, pollution, ICP-OES, AAS
- Lake was to determine the concentration of heavy met- eters of the lake were analysed which, in some samples,
- 2 Location of sample collection
- 2.2 Sampling vation of the samples for the analysis. That means that the
- samples are immediately placed in the refrigerated port-
- 2012),9 the water samples were collected and transported
- analysis, if the samples are not conserved, the time be-
- to the laboratories10,11 (Fig. 4). Samples intended for chem-
- ical analysis had to be collected during normal operating
- each sample was taken separately and then conserved by
- the volume of the water samples was 1 dm3. A day before
- Water samples were taken at three different times in 2020
- (March, April, June), while sediment samples were taken 3 Experimental
- in January 2020. The weight of the sediment samples was
- approximately 1 kg. Sediment samples were collected by 3.1 Chemical analysis
- hand with a stainless-steel shovel at sampling depth of Samples were taken (SP1–SP8) at the bottom of the lake for
- 30 cm. The sediment samples were wet, and, before being the analysis of HMs with inductively coupled plasma-op-
- analysed, the samples were oven-dried at 105 °C. Water tical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Samples of water
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