Determination of some heavy metals concentration in species animal meat (sheep, beef, turkey, and ostrich) and carcinogenic health risk assessment in Kurdistan province, western Iran

Overview

Raeeszadeh, Gravandi, and Akbari measured selenium and eight heavy metals in 170 meat samples from Sanandaj distribution centers in western Iran. The preprint reports concentrations in mg/kg based on dry weight of the meat samples. Arsenic and chromium are reported as total arsenic and total chromium; the paper does not report inorganic arsenic or chromium(VI).

Key numbers

• Sample frame: 45 beef, 45 sheep, 40 turkey, and 40 ostrich samples collected randomly from distribution centers.
• Overall mean ± SD across the studied species: selenium 1.22 ± 0.56, lead 4.76 ± 0.41, cadmium 1.89 ± 0.43, arsenic 0.54 ± 0.036, zinc 198.41 ± 71.63, nickel 0.75 ± 0.081, cobalt 0.068 ± 0.004, copper 10.1 ± 5.66, and chromium 2.11 ± 1.3 mg/kg.
• Lead: sheep 11.79 ± 17.5 mg/kg with range 0.91-58.9; beef 7.01 ± 7.3 mg/kg with range 1.51-21.5; turkey 0.13 ± 0.03 mg/kg; ostrich is printed in Table 1 as 0.9 ± 0.1 mg/kg while the prose and min-max values indicate 0.09 ± 0.01 mg/kg with range 0.08-0.11.
• Cadmium: sheep 2.79 ± 1.9 mg/kg with range 0.75-6.13; beef 4.31 ± 2.8 mg/kg with range 0.47-10.63; turkey 0.29 ± 0.13 mg/kg; ostrich 0.16 ± 0.05 mg/kg.
• Total arsenic: sheep 0.23 ± 0.14 mg/kg, beef 0.2 ± 0.09 mg/kg, turkey 0.88 ± 0.21 mg/kg, and ostrich 0.85 ± 0.13 mg/kg. The beef arsenic min-max cell is printed as 0.7 - 0.33, which is internally inconsistent and is not corrected here.
• Zinc: sheep 233.10 ± 51.82 mg/kg, beef 234.6 ± 63.48 mg/kg, turkey 116.20 ± 43.69 mg/kg, and ostrich 223.1 ± 20.17 mg/kg.
• Nickel: sheep 0.54 ± 0.57 mg/kg, beef 1.17 ± 1.4 mg/kg, turkey 0.63 ± 0.26 mg/kg, and ostrich 0.65 ± 0.17 mg/kg.
• Cobalt: sheep 0.05 ± 0.04 mg/kg, beef 0.08 ± 0.07 mg/kg, turkey 0.077 ± 0.01 mg/kg, and ostrich 0.074 ± 0.01 mg/kg.
• Total chromium: sheep 1.66 ± 0.4 mg/kg, beef 1.83 ± 0.3 mg/kg, turkey 2.72 ± 0.1 mg/kg in Table 1, and ostrich 2.1 ± 0.7 mg/kg; the prose reports turkey chromium as 2.73 ± 2.17.
• Copper: sheep 5.56 ± 1.19 mg/kg, beef 5.75 ± 0.9 mg/kg, turkey 16.28 ± 4.8 mg/kg, and ostrich 11.83 ± 3.63 mg/kg.

Methods (brief)

Meat samples were transferred with dry ice and digested for elemental analysis. The Methods state that concentrations were determined based on dry weight of the samples. Metals were measured by ICP-MS using a SCIEX ELAN DRC II ICP-MS (PerkinElmer). Statistical analyses used SPSS version 23, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and one-sample t-tests against selected WHO/FDA comparison values.

Implications

Certification (HMTc): This source contributes C-tier dry-weight occurrence evidence for beef, lamb/mutton, turkey/poultry, and ostrich/game-meat context in Iran. Because it is a preprint with several internal table/prose inconsistencies, the values should be audited before any pooling step.

Courses: The paper is useful for teaching source-fidelity discipline: several table cells are internally inconsistent, so the wiki records the inconsistency rather than silently repairing the numbers.

App: The source can populate international meat contamination context for Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, and Se, with an explicit dry-weight basis and C-tier status.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Meat and poultry
• Beef
• Turkey
• Beef
• Lamb/mutton
• Poultry (chicken, turkey, duck)
• Game meats (venison, bison, rabbit)

Verification notes

• PDF text was extracted with pdftotext -layout to /tmp/hmi_row_1542.txt; the abstract, Methods, Results prose, and Table 1 were re-read before writing.
• Identity checks before creation: DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-407310/v1, raw handle MFK_determination-of-some-heavy-metals-concentration-in, raw SHA-256 58e07736e84c5a44566a602821c6b3064c194ac481c27e2d4aa6c0b234d203f4, and cite key raeeszadeh2021-animal-meat-metals-iran were searched in wiki/sources/ and evidence files; no existing source page was found.
• Units are preserved as mg/kg; the dry-weight basis is taken from the Methods statement that concentrations were determined based on dry weight.
• Speciation: arsenic is tAs and chromium is total Cr; no iAs or Cr(VI) values are reported.
• Source inconsistencies are flagged in Key numbers for ostrich lead, beef arsenic range, and turkey chromium SD.
• Closed-vocabulary note: no ostrich or sheep-meat ingredient slug exists, so routing uses broad meat, meat-and-poultry, beef, turkey, lamb-mutton, and game-meats slugs.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.