Determination of some heavy metals concentration in species animal meat (sheep, beef, turkey, and ostrich) and carcinogenic health risk assessment in Kurdistan province, western Iran

Overview

Raeeszadeh, Gravandi, and Akbari measured selenium and eight heavy metals in 170 meat samples from Sanandaj distribution centers in western Iran. The preprint reports concentrations in mg/kg based on dry weight of the meat samples. Arsenic and chromium are reported as total arsenic and total chromium; the paper does not report inorganic arsenic or chromium(VI).

Key numbers

• Sample frame: 45 beef, 45 sheep, 40 turkey, and 40 ostrich samples collected randomly from distribution centers.
• Overall mean ± SD across the studied species: selenium 1.22 ± 0.56, lead 4.76 ± 0.41, cadmium 1.89 ± 0.43, arsenic 0.54 ± 0.036, zinc 198.41 ± 71.63, nickel 0.75 ± 0.081, cobalt 0.068 ± 0.004, copper 10.1 ± 5.66, and chromium 2.11 ± 1.3 mg/kg.
• Lead: sheep 11.79 ± 17.5 mg/kg with range 0.91-58.9; beef 7.01 ± 7.3 mg/kg with range 1.51-21.5; turkey 0.13 ± 0.03 mg/kg; ostrich is printed in Table 1 as 0.9 ± 0.1 mg/kg while the prose and min-max values indicate 0.09 ± 0.01 mg/kg with range 0.08-0.11.
• Cadmium: sheep 2.79 ± 1.9 mg/kg with range 0.75-6.13; beef 4.31 ± 2.8 mg/kg with range 0.47-10.63; turkey 0.29 ± 0.13 mg/kg; ostrich 0.16 ± 0.05 mg/kg.
• Total arsenic: sheep 0.23 ± 0.14 mg/kg, beef 0.2 ± 0.09 mg/kg, turkey 0.88 ± 0.21 mg/kg, and ostrich 0.85 ± 0.13 mg/kg. The beef arsenic min-max cell is printed as 0.7 - 0.33, which is internally inconsistent and is not corrected here.
• Zinc: sheep 233.10 ± 51.82 mg/kg, beef 234.6 ± 63.48 mg/kg, turkey 116.20 ± 43.69 mg/kg, and ostrich 223.1 ± 20.17 mg/kg.
• Nickel: sheep 0.54 ± 0.57 mg/kg, beef 1.17 ± 1.4 mg/kg, turkey 0.63 ± 0.26 mg/kg, and ostrich 0.65 ± 0.17 mg/kg.
• Cobalt: sheep 0.05 ± 0.04 mg/kg, beef 0.08 ± 0.07 mg/kg, turkey 0.077 ± 0.01 mg/kg, and ostrich 0.074 ± 0.01 mg/kg.
• Total chromium: sheep 1.66 ± 0.4 mg/kg, beef 1.83 ± 0.3 mg/kg, turkey 2.72 ± 0.1 mg/kg in Table 1, and ostrich 2.1 ± 0.7 mg/kg; the prose reports turkey chromium as 2.73 ± 2.17.
• Copper: sheep 5.56 ± 1.19 mg/kg, beef 5.75 ± 0.9 mg/kg, turkey 16.28 ± 4.8 mg/kg, and ostrich 11.83 ± 3.63 mg/kg.

Methods (brief)

Meat samples were transferred with dry ice and digested for elemental analysis. The Methods state that concentrations were determined based on dry weight of the samples. Metals were measured by ICP-MS using a SCIEX ELAN DRC II ICP-MS (PerkinElmer). Statistical analyses used SPSS version 23, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and one-sample t-tests against selected WHO/FDA comparison values.

Related evidence

• Meat and poultry
• Beef
• Turkey
• Beef
• Lamb/mutton
• Poultry (chicken, turkey, duck)
• Game meats (venison, bison, rabbit)

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git.