Lead: citations and reported findings from the source records associated with this metal profile. These records include measurements and context; inclusion does not establish that every source reports a food concentration.
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Showing source records 201 to 400 of 1512.
Sources
Source records associated with this topic. Inclusion does not establish that every finding applies to this product or ingredient. References on the metal profile identify works cited in its text. Additional records await source or bibliographic review and are excluded from this list.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on the metal profile for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 201 | Molla et al. 2025. The Effects of Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW) Fine Residues on Landfill Environments: A Column Leaching Experiment, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | AU Pb, tHg, tAs, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, Al, Fe occurrence in Eighteen laboratory column-leaching mesocosms (UPVC columns, 150 mm diameter, 75 cm packed height) simulating Hunter/Central Coast NSW landfill… (n=18) |
| 202 | Moon et al. 2025. The Association Between Maternal Dietary Intake and the Risk of Heavy Metals in Human Breast Milk in Korea, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | KR Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs occurrence in 209 healthy lactating Korean mothers (mean age 34.8 years, infant age <12 months) sampled January–March 2023 as part… (n=209) |
| 203 | Moriceau et al. 2025. Measurement of traces of heavy metals in cosmetic raw materials and finished products according to ISO/DIS 21392:2021 using triple quadrupole ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific Application Note 003602 | 2025 | Industry | EU/FR Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr, Ni, Sb, Al, Sn, Co, Mn, Fe, Zn, Be, Se, Tl, Ti, W, Pt occurrence in 17 finished cosmetic products sold on the French and European market (creams, gels, pastes, liquids, varnishes, solids) plus… (n=27) |
| 204 | Mumtaz et al. 2025. Occurrence and Risk Evaluation of Trace Metals in Infant Nutrition Sources in Rural and Urban Multan, Pakistan, Food and Nutrition Insights | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Fe occurrence in infant nutrition sources from rural and urban Multan, Pakistan |
| 205 | Murtaza et al. 2025. Combine effects of Broussonetia papyrifera-derived biochar and selenium nanoparticles for lead-polluted saline soils remediation during barley cultivation, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Cd, tAs, Ni, Cr, Al, tHg occurrence in Field plots at the Agricultural Research Centre Bahawalpur, Pakistan, cultivated with barley in lead-polluted saline soil; soil, root,… (n=3) |
| 206 | Naccari et al. 2025. Study of Toxic Metals and Microelements in Honey as a Tool to Support Beekeeping Production and Consumer Safety, Foods 2025, 14, 1986 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in 38 honey samples from 5 floral varieties in Calabria, Italy (ICP-MS); Pb alongside Cd, As, Al, Ni, Cr; seasonal sampling across beekeeping season; consumer safety assessment |
| 207 | Naz et al. 2025. Trace elements in fish species from the Punjnad headworks: bioaccumulation and human health risk assessment, PLoS ONE | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in muscle, liver, and gills of 5 freshwater fish species from Punjnad headworks, Pakistan (n=27); Pb alongside Cd, Cu, Ni; seasonal bioaccumulation and health risk assessment |
| 208 | Nepovimova et al. 2025. Archives of Toxicology (2025) 99:153–209, Peer-reviewed article | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 209 | National Health and Medical 2025. Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 6 2011 Version 4.0 Updated June 2025, National Water Quality Management Strategy | 2025 | Government report | AU Al, Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr-VI, Pb, tHg, Ni concentrations |
| 210 | Nic 2025. Investigating links between heavy metals in menstrual hygiene products and reproductive hormonal health, Laidlaw Undergraduate Research and Leadership Programme poster | 2025 | Conference proceedings | Pb, tAs occurrence in Four menstrual products incubated in synthetic vaginal fluid for Pb and As leaching tests, plus a survey of… (n=4) |
| 211 | Normatov et al. 2025. Heavy Metal Migration and Sedimentation in Syrdarya River (Tajikistan) and Possibility Accumulation in Kayrakkum Reservoir, International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | TJ tAs, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr occurrence in Five water-sampling points along the Syrdarya River in Tajikistan: Akjar, Bulok, Kanibadam, Kairakkum HPP, and Kizilkishlak. (n=5) |
| 212 | Nour et al. 2025. Nutritional and heavy metal composition of seaweeds from the coast of Djibouti, Food Science and Nutrition | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in 6 seaweed species from the Djiboutian coastline (Red Sea/Gulf of Aden); Pb alongside Cr, Ni, As, Cd in marine plant matrices |
| 213 | Ntigoroku et al. 2025. Physicochemical Properties, Heavy Metals levels and Health Risk Assessment of selected Edible Oils purchased from major markets in Delta State, Nigeria, Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu occurrence in Twenty edible vegetable oil samples purchased from major markets in Delta State, Nigeria, grouped as sunflower oil, soybean… (n=20) |
| 214 | Okwuegbuna 2025. Integrated Analytical Approaches for Menstrual Health Assessment: Heavy Metal Quantification and Optimized Sample Collection for Biomarker Analysis, Master of Science thesis, Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto | 2025 | Thesis | CA Cd, Pb, Cu occurrence in Four commercially available Canadian tampon brands, two regular-cotton and two organic-cotton products, tested by acid digestion/ICP-AES and by… (n=4) |
| 215 | Olgunoglu et al. 2025. Seasonal Variability and Sex-Specific Accumulation of Trace Metals in Black Scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758) from Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea), Türkiye: Implications for Human Health Risk Assessment, Life | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in 52 black scorpionfish from Izmir Bay, Turkey (2023–2024); seasonal and sex-specific Pb accumulation in muscle; Pb alongside Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Se, Zn |
| 216 | Omosigho et al. 2025. Quality Assessment of Some Selected Toothpastes Used in Nigeria, Journal of the Chemical Society of Nigeria | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb occurrence in Five toothpaste products purchased from Edjeba market, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria; the authors describe three local and two… (n=5) |
| 217 | Orobator 2025. Impact of Bushfire on Soil Heavy Metals in Oil Palm Plantations in Edo State, Nigeria, Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, As, V occurrence in Topsoil from adjacent unburnt and burnt oil-palm plantations in Okunuvbe community, Edo State, Nigeria; 10 samples per plantation,… (n=20) |
| 218 | Osuolale et al. 2025. Assessing Public Health Risks from Trace Element Contamination in Common Leafy Vegetables from Ondo, Nigeria, Using PIXE and Multivariate Statistics, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG Ni, Co, Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn occurrence in Ten composite samples from six leafy vegetable types in Ondo Metropolis, Nigeria |
| 219 | Ozarkar et al. 2025. Phytoremediation in Mitigation of Heavy Metals., Peer-reviewed article | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 220 | Prasanna et al. 2025. Metal pollution and human health risk assessment in the Betwa-Yamuna river system, India, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in river and groundwater from the Betwa-Yamuna confluence, India; health risk modeling for Pb in drinking water; Monte Carlo probabilistic estimates for children and adults |
| 221 | Pribil et al. 2025. Food safety considerations in hot sauce production: hazards, regulations, and industry challenges, MOJ Food Processing & Technology | 2025 | Review | US Pb occurrence in Narrative review — no primary sampling. Metals content references Dhaneria et al. 2013 on imported hot sauces from… |
| 222 | Pulze et al. 2025. Impact of volcanic eruptions on heavy metal contamination in the food chain, Italian Journal of Food Safety | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Review of volcanic eruption impacts on Pb (alongside Ni, Cd, V, As, Cr) in food chains; Mt. Etna focus; Pb as a volcanic-soil input pathway into agricultural produce |
| 223 | Qvarfort et al. 2025. Lead in game meat: a study of bioaccessibility of lead metal fragments, Journal of Analytical Techniques and Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | SE/EU Pb occurrence in Seventeen lead-positive tissue samples from two free-living wild boars shot under normal hunting conditions, deliberately sampled from wound-channel… (n=17) |
| 224 | Rabeey et al. 2025. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in imported frozen bovine meat and organs marketed in Sohag, Egypt, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EG/BR/IN tHg, Pb, Cd occurrence in Imported frozen bovine muscle, liver, and kidney (105 each) collected from local markets in Sohag governorate, Egypt; origin… (n=315) |
| 225 | Ranjbar et al. 2025. Machine learning models for water safety enhancement, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cr occurrence in mineral water consumable at Arak City, Iran (n=not reported in abstract) |
| 226 | Ray et al. 2025. ICP-MS-based quantitative analysis and risk assessment of metal(loid)s in fish species from Chennai, India, Frontiers in Public Health | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in muscle, liver, and gills of 3 commercially sold fish species from Chennai (Ennore industrial coast) by ICP-MS (n=18); Pb alongside As, Cd, Cr, Hg; health risk assessment |
| 227 | Rehman et al. 2025. Quantitative Analysis of Heavy Metals in Processed Poultry Products Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Food and Nutrition Insights | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 228 | Rubin et al. 2025. Laboratory test of a zinc oxide baby sunscreen lotion, SPF 50 for lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic (laboratory case 2505271), tamararubin.com (Lead Safe Mama, LLC), posted 22 May 2025, updated 18 July 2025 | 2025 | NGO report | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 229 | Rubin et al. 2025. Laboratory test of a zinc oxide 23.4% baby sunscreen, SPF 50 for lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic (laboratory case 2505468), tamararubin.com (Lead Safe Mama, LLC), posted 3 June 2025, updated 18 July 2025 | 2025 | NGO report | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 230 | Rubin et al. 2025. Laboratory test of a sensitive-skin baby mineral sunscreen lotion, SPF 50 for lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic (laboratory case 2505470), tamararubin.com (Lead Safe Mama, LLC), posted 12 June 2025, updated 16 August 2025 | 2025 | NGO report | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 231 | Rubin et al. 2025. Laboratory test of a baby mineral sunscreen lotion, SPF 50 for lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic (laboratory case 2506212), tamararubin.com (Lead Safe Mama, LLC), posted 14 June 2025, updated 19 June 2025 | 2025 | NGO report | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 232 | Rubin et al. 2025. Laboratory test of a baby mineral sunscreen lotion with prebiotics, SPF 55 for lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic (laboratory case 2507165), tamararubin.com (Lead Safe Mama, LLC), posted 2 August 2025, updated 28 August 2025 | 2025 | NGO report | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 233 | Rubin 2025. Consumer-commissioned laboratory test of a 40% zinc oxide diaper rash ointment for lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic (lot 2025-142), Lead Safe Mama, LLC (tamararubin.com), posted 29 July 2025, updated 19 September 2025 | 2025 | Consumer advocacy testing | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 234 | Rubin 2025. Consumer-commissioned laboratory test of a 40% zinc oxide diaper rash paste for lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic (lot 2025-169), Lead Safe Mama, LLC (tamararubin.com), posted 19 September 2025 | 2025 | Consumer advocacy testing | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 235 | Rubin 2025. Consumer-commissioned laboratory test of a 40% zinc oxide maximum-strength diaper rash paste for lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic (lot 2025-182), Lead Safe Mama, LLC (tamararubin.com), posted 19 September 2025 | 2025 | Consumer advocacy testing | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 236 | Rubin 2025. Consumer-commissioned laboratory test of a 13% zinc oxide diaper rash cream for lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic (lot 2025-218), Lead Safe Mama, LLC (tamararubin.com), posted 27 December 2025, updated 28 December 2025 | 2025 | Consumer advocacy testing | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 237 | Rueda-Saa et al. 2025. Baseline concentration of heavy metals in agricultural soils, Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas 42(2): e2259 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CO tAs, tHg, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Co occurrence in Agricultural soils across 13 watersheds of Valle del Cauca, Colombia; laboratory analyses 2017-2019 (n=489) |
| 238 | Rylander et al. 2025. Blood lead levels in children aged 5–7 years in the Republic of Georgia, Environmental Health Perspectives | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Blood Pb in 1,635 children aged 5–7 in the Republic of Georgia; Pb biomonitoring in a low-income country; diet and herbal exposure as identified sources |
| 239 | Sabri et al. 2025. Essential and Toxic Element Profiles in Selected Spices from Greater Casablanca, Morocco, World’s Veterinary Journal 15(4): 863-881 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | MA/EU/INTL Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni occurrence in 137 bulk spice samples (cinnamon n=37, cumin n=25, turmeric n=25, black pepper n=25, ginger n=25) purchased from local… (n=137) |
| 240 | Salahel et al. 2025. Assessment of toxic heavy metals in commonly consumed foods in Egypt and their implications for public health and safety, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EG Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs occurrence in Fifty-four food and beverage samples collected January-December 2022 from local markets in Qena Governorate, southern Egypt: beverages (n=20;… (n=54) |
| 241 | Saleem et al. 2025. Concentration and Potential Non-Carcinogenic and Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment of Metals in Locally Grown Vegetables, Foods | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Cr occurrence in 82 samples across 13 locally grown vegetable species (potato n=8, onion n=7, tomato n=7, sugar beet n=7, green… (n=82) |
| 242 | Sallam et al. 2025. Traditional vs. Modern Olive Oil Extraction in Libya: A Comparative Study of Fatty Acids and Heavy Metal Contamination, The North African Journal of Scientific Publishing (NAJSP) | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | LY Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg occurrence in Olive oil and olive mill wastewater (OMWW) collected from one traditional (manual/mechanical pressing, no temperature control or centrifugation)… (n=12) |
| 243 | Sarkis et al. 2025. Heavy Metal Contamination in Yogurt from Lebanon: Evaluating Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) Concentrations Across Multiple Regions, Toxics | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | LB Pb, Cd occurrence in 165 artisanal yogurt samples from 11 Lebanese regions (15 samples per region); all made from regional cow milk… (n=165) |
| 244 | Science et al. 2025. Dynamics of sulfate reduction regulate arsenic, Peer-reviewed article | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 245 | Scovronick et al. 2025. Assessment of human exposure to uncommon industrial toxicants in Glynn County, Georgia, Environmental Pollution | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Blood Pb in 96 adults near EPA Superfund sites in Glynn County, Georgia; Pb alongside Hg and Cd in biomonitoring study; seafood consumption as exposure pathway |
| 246 | See et al. 2025. Heavy Metals Assessment in Selected Leafy Vegetables from Selangor, Malaysia, Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | MY Al, Cd, Cr, Pb, Fe occurrence in Four leafy vegetable types (cabbage, mustard, spinach, pak choi) from Pasar Borong Selangor wholesale wet market, Seri Kembangan,… (n=12) |
| 247 | Shah et al. 2025. Heavy Metal Contamination in Commercial Turmeric: A Public Health Perspective, COGNITION: A Peer Reviewed Transdisciplinary Research Journal | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NP Pb, Cr occurrence in Commercial turmeric samples collected from Itahari and Biratnagar, Nepal (n=7) |
| 248 | Shahzad et al. 2025. Assessment of hazardous trace metals and associated health risk as affected by feed intake in buffalo milk, Scientific Reports 15:9841 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Mn, Fe occurrence in Ninety buffalo-milk samples from Tehsil Daska, District Sialkot, Pakistan, grouped by buffalo feed category: alfalfa fodder, maize silage,… (n=90) |
| 249 | Shavali-gilani et al. 2025. Investigation of heavy metal levels in canned tomato paste, olives, and pickled cucumbers, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IR Cd, Cu, tAs, Fe, Pb, Sn, Zn, tHg occurrence in 49 canned samples (tomato paste, olives, pickled cucumbers) from five popular brands in Tehran, Iran (n=49) |
| 250 | VdS et al. 2025. Edible Oils from Health to Sustainability: Influence of the Production Processes in the Quality, Consumption Benefits and Risks, Lipidology | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | MA/IR/GR Pb, Cd, tAs, Ni, Cr occurrence in Systematic review of 35 studies meeting eligibility criteria, including 7 studies on contaminants (PAHs and heavy metals) in… |
| 251 | Singhato et al. 2025. Risk Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metal Exposure in Selected Seafood Species from Thailand, Foods | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | TH tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in 20 commonly consumed seafood species from Thailand (4 shrimp/prawn, 4 crab, 3 squid, 8 shellfish, 2 marine fish),… (n=60) |
| 252 | Sochacka et al. 2025. Spirulina and Chlorella Dietary Supplements—Are They a Source Solely of Valuable Nutrients?, International Journal of Molecular Sciences | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Tl, V, Zn occurrence in 52 commercially available microalgae-based dietary supplements sold on the Polish market: 29 Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) products and 23… (n=52) |
| 253 | Institution 2025. Draft Sri Lanka Standard: Specification for Skin Powder for Children (Third Revision), DSLS 187, Draft Sri Lanka Standard for public comment | 2025 | Government report | LK Pb, tAs, Cd, tHg concentrations |
| 254 | Tamagno et al. 2025. Glutamate-Mediated Neural Alterations in Lead Exposure: Mechanisms, Pathways, and Phenotypes, Toxics 13(7):519 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Review of Pb neurotoxicity mechanism via glutamatergic system disruption; mechanistic basis for Pb neurodevelopmental effects including NMDA receptor interference and cognitive impairment |
| 255 | Tandhanskul et al. 2025. Kombucha as a Sustainable Source of Metabiotics: Potential, Applications, and Future Perspectives, Beverages | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Ni occurrence in Narrative review of secondary literature on kombucha as a source of postbiotics/metabiotics. No new measurements; heavy-metal content appears… |
| 256 | Tayeb et al. 2025. Assessment of lead and cadmium exposure through olive and corn oil consumption in Gonbad-Kavus, north of Iran: A public health risk analysis, Toxicology Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd occurrence in Commercial and traditional olive oil (n=30: 12 commercial, 18 traditional) and corn oil (n=30: 18 commercial, 12 traditional)… (n=60) |
| 257 | Taylor et al. 2025. Seafood Benefits and Contaminants: A Comprehensive Review of Health Impacts, Safety Concerns, and Risk Mitigation Strategies, Foods | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Review of Pb (with Hg, Cd, As) in global seafood; Pb occurrence ranges in fish and shellfish; risk mitigation strategies for contaminants in seafood supply chain |
| 258 | Thoerig et al. 2025. Assessment of arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances concentrations in human milk and infant formula in the United States: a systematic review, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 122, pp. 1006-1026 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PRISMA systematic review of Pb (with As, Cd, Hg) in U.S. human milk and infant formula; most current and comprehensive U.S. systematic review of Pb in infant feedings through 2024–2025 |
| 259 | Tinggi et al. 2025. Heavy metal analysis in commercial spices and herbs by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and estimated dietary exposure, Journal of Environmental Exposure Assessment | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | AU/IN/CN Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Al, Cr occurrence in Commercial dried spices and herbs purchased from Queensland, Australia markets; plus 20 turmeric samples (13 conventional, 7 organic) (n=69) |
| 260 | Tsegay et al. 2025. Toxicological qualities and detoxification trends of fruit by-products for valorization: A review, Open Life Sciences 20:20251105 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | tAs, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, tHg occurrence in Systematic review of toxicological qualities of by-products (peels, pomace, seeds) from the highest-production global fruit species as of… |
| 261 | University et al. 2025. bioaccumulation of arsenic, Peer-reviewed article | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 262 | Uthayarajan et al. 2025. Quality and sources of food and water consumed by people with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Sri Lanka: a systematic review, Journal of Nephrology | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Systematic review of Pb in food and water in Sri Lanka CKDu-endemic areas; Pb in rice, fish, tea, vegetables, legumes, and drinking water as exposure pathways in CKDu context |
| 263 | Vegetables et al. 2025. Vegetables and Beneficial Roles, Peer-reviewed article | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 264 | Venant et al. 2025. Community Awareness and Health Risk of Heavy Metals Through Consumption of Sardine (Rastrineobola argentea) From Lake Victoria, Tanzania, Food Science & Nutrition | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Pb and Cd in 279 sardine samples from Lake Victoria, Tanzania (fresh and dried, 3 regions); Pb occurrence by drying method and geographic origin; health risk for subsistence fishing communities |
| 265 | Ventura et al. 2025. Dietary Exposure to Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in the Portuguese Population: A Total Diet Study Approach, Foods | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Pb dietary exposure in a Portuguese total diet study (163 pooled TDS samples, 17 food groups, 2014–2016); Pb alongside As, Cd, Sn; population-level dietary Pb intake estimates for Portugal |
| 266 | Wang et al. 2025. heavy metal levels in, Peer-reviewed article | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 267 | Wang et al. 2025. A Concave Nanogap for Ultrasensitive Aptamer-Based SERS Detection and In Situ Imaging of Heavy Metal Ions, Analytical Chemistry | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Concave nanogap SERS aptamer sensor for simultaneous Hg, Pb, and Cd detection; method development only, validated in spiked water and herbal extracts; no food occurrence data |
| 268 | Weldegebriel et al. 2025. Toxic metal contamination and health risk assessment of packaged fruit juices for children in Gondar city, Ethiopia, Scientific Reports 15:36868 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in 80 packaged fruit juice samples (mango, pineapple, strawberry, cocktail) from Ethiopian retail; Pb alongside Cd, Cr, Ni; health risk assessment targeted at child consumers |
| 269 | Jr et al. 2025. Elevated Metal Levels in U.S. Honeys: Is There a Concern for Human Health?, Biological Trace Element Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Ni, Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn occurrence in 28 honey samples purchased from small-scale beekeepers across 15 U.S. states, collected 2022–2023; 20 wildflower, 2 tupelo, plus… (n=28) |
| 270 | Wysok et al. 2025. Heavy Metal Contamination in Natural Sheep Casings, Foods | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | TR/IR/CN Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg occurrence in Salted natural sheep casings from Turkey, Iran, China, Mongolia, Pakistan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and Belgium. (n=35) |
| 271 | Xiong et al. 2025. Heavy Metals in Infant Clothing: Assessing Dermal Exposure Risks and Pathways for Sustainable Textile Policies, Toxics 13: 622 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe occurrence in 33 cost-effective unwashed clothing samples randomly purchased from online market platforms in China (Yunnan / Kunming research base);… (n=33) |
| 272 | Xu et al. 2025. Cola beverage reduces risk of lead poisoning from accidental ingestion of contaminated soil particles in rat and swine models | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Mechanistic study: cola beverage reduces Pb bioaccessibility from contaminated soil via pyromorphite formation in rat and swine models; relevant to soil ingestion as Pb exposure pathway for children |
| 273 | Xu et al. 2025. Heavy metal risks in aquatic foods, Environment International | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | tHg, MeHg, Cd, Pb, tAs, iAs occurrence in 138,281 test records for aquatic food products from the WHO Food Safety Collaborative Platform (FOSCOLLAB) database; covers fish,… (n=138281) |
| 274 | Yan et al. 2025. Association between infants’ serum levels of 26 metals and gut microbiota: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in China, Frontiers in Microbiology 16:1669475 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Serum Pb in Chinese infant cohort alongside 25 other metals; Pb-gut microbiota associations in early life; biomonitoring data on Pb in infants with microbiome characterization |
| 275 | Yan et al. 2025. From farm to table: assessing the status and health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in rice in Henan Province, Frontiers in Public Health | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in 6,632 rice samples from 18 cities in Henan Province, China (2020–2022); one of the largest single-province rice Pb surveillance datasets; Pb alongside iAs, Cd, Cr, Hg |
| 276 | Yang et al. 2025. The Strategies Microalgae Adopt to Counteract the Toxic Effect of Heavy Metals, Microorganisms | 2025 | Review | CN Cr, Cr-VI, Cd, tAs, Ni, Cu, tHg, Pb, Zn occurrence in Narrative review of microalgal heavy-metal removal strategies. No primary sampling, no PRISMA, no quantitative synthesis. Authors at Sichuan… |
| 277 | Yazdanian et al. 2025. Investigation of the abundance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (including virulence gene profiles) and heavy metal contamination in camel milk, Veterinary Medicine and Science | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in 49 raw camel milk samples from Chaharmahal Bakhtiari, Iran; Pb alongside Cd and As in a novel milk matrix from nomadic and rural producers |
| 278 | Yoshinaga et al. 2025. Duplicate diet study to assess dietary exposure to metals in a Japanese population, Environmental Monitoring and Contaminants Research | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | JP Cd, Pb, Ni, Sb occurrence in 150 adult Japanese (65 males, 85 females, aged 19–83 years) from the Kanto District and surrounding regions, 2017–2019;… (n=150) |
| 279 | Zafarzadeh et al. 2025. Risk assessment of heavy metals in north of Iran (Sari) rice and implications for human health, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in 144 rice samples from 16 mills across 3 brands in Sari, Mazandaran Province, Iran; Pb alongside Cd, Cu, Zn; geographic sampling across cardinal directions |
| 280 | Zhang et al. 2025. Salt use patterns and heavy metal urinary excretion, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US Ba, Cd, Co, Cs, Mo, Pb, Sb, Tl, W, tAs occurrence in NHANES 2003-2018 participants aged 20 years and older with urinary metal data, salt-use-pattern data, and covariate data after… (n=11574) |
| 281 | Zhao et al. 2025. Integration of bioaccumulations, chemical forms and gene expression responses to understand the transformation and detoxification of inorganic arsenic, cadmium and lead in the brown seaweed Sargassum fusiforme, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2025, 300:118453 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Cultured Sargassum fusiforme (hijiki) shoots from one batch collected at Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; controlled laboratory exposure to As(III),… (n=1) |
| 282 | Zhou et al. 2025. Exogenous Impurities in Baijiu: Sources, Detection, and Safety Strategies, Beverages | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CN/EU Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Ni, Al, Cr, Fe occurrence in Narrative review of secondary literature on exogenous impurities in baijiu (Chinese distilled spirit). No new measurements; heavy-metal concentration… |
| 283 | Zvěřina et al. 2025. Essential and toxic elements in plant-based dairy alternatives: implications for vegan diets, European Food Research and Technology | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | CZ/EU Pb, Cd occurrence in Fifty-four plant-based dairy alternative (PBDA) samples sourced from the Czech market in Brno, Czech Republic. Composition: 35 milk… (n=54) |
| 284 | Abdullahi et al. 2024. Seasonal Variation and Uptake Pattern of Heavy Metals in Maize, Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS) | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni occurrence in Maize grain and root samples from 10 locations in the Kano River Irrigation Project, Nigeria; wet season (Sept–Oct… (n=20) |
| 285 | Adelusi et al. 2024. Heavy Metal Contamination of Dairy Cattle Feed in the Free State and Limpopo Provinces of South Africa, Food Science & Nutrition | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in 70 dairy cattle feed samples from South Africa (ICP-MS); Pb alongside As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn; supply-chain evidence for Pb entering the milk supply via contaminated feed |
| 286 | Adhikari et al. 2024. Concentrations and health risks of selected elements in leafy vegetables: a comparison between roadside open-air markets and large stores in Johannesburg, South Africa | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in leafy vegetables from roadside markets vs. large stores in Johannesburg; Pb alongside 9 other elements; comparison of retail channel as driver of Pb exposure in leafy greens |
| 287 | Aendo et al. 2024. Heavy metal contamination in eggs on poultry farms and ecological risk assessment around a gold mine area in northern Thailand, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in eggs from 23 poultry farms near and far from a gold mine in Thailand; Pb alongside Hg, Cd in yolk and albumen; farm proximity to mining as predictor of egg Pb contamination |
| 288 | Afzal et al. 2024. Emerging insights into the impacts of heavy metals exposure on health, reproductive and productive performance of livestock, Frontiers in Pharmacology | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Global/EU/PK Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn occurrence in Narrative review of livestock veterinary toxicology literature (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, horses, mink, rabbits, rodents, dogs, cats);… |
| 289 | Ahmad et al. 2024. Occurrence of Heavy Metal in Green Coconut Water and Surface Seawater of the Sea Beach Areas of Bangladesh, Health Dynamics | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 290 | Aishwarya et al. 2024. Role of Extremophiles in the Removal of Heavy Metal and E-Waste, Trends in Biotechnology of Polyextremophiles (Shah MP, Dey S, eds.), Springer Nature, Chapter 15, pp. 361-371 | 2024 | Review | Pb, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, Cu, tHg, tAs, Zn occurrence in Narrative book-chapter review of extremophile microbiology in heavy-metal bioremediation and e-waste remediation. No primary sampling, no PRISMA, no… |
| 291 | Al-Otaibi et al. 2024. Screening for Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacteria and the Presence of Heavy Metals in the Upstream and Downstream Areas of the Wadi Hanifah Valley in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Antibiotics | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | SA Li, Be, Cr, Co, tAs, Cd, Sn, tHg, Pb occurrence in Surface-water samples collected in duplicate from 18 sites in Wadi Hanifah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in September 2022; sites… (n=18) |
| 292 | Ali et al. 2024. The Health Risk Assessment of Some Toxic Metals in Some Commonly Demand Facial Cosmetics in Benghazi-Libya Markets During 2022, Advanced Journal of Chemistry-Section B: Natural Products and Medical Chemistry 6(2):127-136 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | LY Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd occurrence in Eighteen facial cosmetic products sold in Benghazi, Libya cosmetic shops in 2022: six lipsticks, six mascaras, and six… (n=18) |
| 293 | Ali 2024. Contamination Alert: Microbial and Heavy Metal Levels in Green Vegetables, Procedia of Engineering and Life Science | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu occurrence in 100 leek (Allium porrum) samples collected across three agricultural stations in Thi-Qar governorate, Iraq (city center and district… (n=100) |
| 294 | Alinezhad et al. 2024. Concentration of heavy metals in pasteurized and sterilized milk and health risk assessment across the globe: A systematic review, PLOS ONE | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Systematic review of Pb in pasteurized and sterilized cow’s milk worldwide (981 samples, 48 studies, 2000–2023); global Pb distribution in commercial milk; PRISMA-compliant |
| 295 | Aljubiri et al. 2024. Recycling of Sewage Sludge: Synthesis and Application of Sludge-Based Activated Carbon in the Efficient Removal of Cadmium (II) and Lead (II) from Wastewater, International Journal of Molecular Sciences | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | SA/EG Cd, Pb occurrence in Cd2+ and Pb2+ aqueous solutions treated with thickened and un-thickened sewage-sludge-based activated carbons SBAC1 and SBAC2. (n=Batch adsorption experiments across adsorbent dose, concentration, pH, contact-time, isotherm, kinetic, and regeneration conditions.) |
| 296 | Al et al. 2024. Heavy metals in Garra shamal freshwater fish from Oman: accumulation and health risk, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in 120 Garra shamal freshwater fish from Oman (ICP-MS); Pb alongside As, Cd, Cr, Co, Hg, Mn, Ni; accumulation and health risk assessment for freshwater fish in the Gulf region |
| 297 | Allwood et al. 2024. Recently Recalled Children’s Products Due to Lead Hazards, Pediatrics | 2024 | Regulatory | US Pb occurrence in Thirty US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) lead-related recall notices for children’s products issued between June 2022 and… (n=30) |
| 298 | Almasiova 2024. Content of Heavy Metals in Sheep Cheese and Whey from a Single Farm in a Mining Area of Slovakia, Toxics | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 299 | Alrashdi et al. 2024. Chemical analysis of toxic elements: total cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic and inorganic arsenic in local and imported rice consumed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in 33 rice samples (local Hassawi and imported from 5 countries) from Saudi Arabia; Pb alongside Cd, Hg, tAs, iAs; country-of-origin comparison for Pb in rice |
| 300 | Al-Sayyed et al. 2024. Screening for the Presence of Some Heavy Metals, Total Soluble Solids and Caffeine Contents in Some Energy Drinks Sold in Jordanian Market, Methods and Objects of Chemical Analysis | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | JO Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, Fe occurrence in The 10 most commonly consumed commercial energy-drink brands sold in the Jordanian market; six countries of origin represented… (n=10) |
| 301 | Alyasiri 2024. Detection of Aflatoxin M1 and Several Heavy Metals in Medical Infant Milk Formula Sold in Iraqi Markets, International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Bio-Medical Science | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Pb, Cd occurrence in medical infant milk formula sold in Iraqi markets |
| 302 | Bakhshalizadeh et al. 2024. Trace and heavy metal concentrations in pectoral fin of Acipenser stellatus (stellate sturgeon) from the Caspian Sea, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in pectoral fin tissue of 40 stellate sturgeon from the Caspian Sea; Pb alongside As, Cd, Hg, Ni, V; sturgeon as a high-value food fish with known heavy metal accumulation |
| 303 | Balogun et al. 2024. Heavy Metals Concentration In Body Creams Commonly Used In Delta State Tertiary Institutions And Their Implications For Human Health, International Journal of Innovative Environmental Studies Research 12(2):24-32 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Co, tAs, Mn, Ag, Zn, Ni, Cr, tHg occurrence in 20 body cream/lotion products purchased anonymously from college business centres at two Delta State tertiary institutions in Nigeria… (n=20) |
| 304 | Bao 2024. Single-particle ICP-MS characterisation of metal nanoparticles in mussels, unknown | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | SP-ICP-MS characterization of Pb nanoparticles alongside As and Cd in mussel tissue; analytical method paper documenting nanoparticulate Pb speciation in bivalve seafood matrix |
| 305 | Baptista et al. 2024. Heavy metals and metalloids in wild boars (Sus Scrofa) - a silent but serious public health hazard, Veterinary Research Communications | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | ES/EU tAs, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn occurrence in Twenty-eight hunted wild boars from Castile and Leon, Spain, sampled in February 2021; liver and kidney tissues were… (n=28) |
| 306 | Barborakova et al. 2024. Safety of black soldier fly larvae: microbial and heavy metal risks, Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | SK/EU Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn, Co occurrence in Black soldier fly larvae before experimental feeding and after four laboratory feed variants: egg pasta in whole milk,… (n=5) |
| 307 | Barquero et al. 2024. A preliminary assessment of mercury, methylmercury and other potentially toxic elements in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from the Almadén mining district, Environmental Geochemistry and Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in largemouth bass from the world’s largest historical mercury mining district, Almadén, Spain; Pb alongside tHg, MeHg, As, Sb; mining-legacy Pb contamination in freshwater fish |
| 308 | Belew et al. 2024. Heavy metals concentration and health risk assessment in peanut and date palm from Jigjiga City Markets, Ethiopia, Discover Environment | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | ET tAs, Pb, Cr occurrence in six peanut samples and six date palm samples from Jigjiga City markets, Ethiopia (n=12) |
| 309 | Gezondheid 2024. Factsheet Metaal — Lood (Lead Factsheet), Steunpunt Milieu en Gezondheid (Flemish Centre of Expertise on Environment and Health) | 2024 | Government report | Belgian/Flemish consumer-facing Pb synthesis document; Pb biomarker matrices, exposure routes, and Belgian/EU regulatory context; translates EFSA and CDC Pb guidance into clinical/public-health practice |
| 310 | Berber et al. 2024. Metal content and fatty acid profiles in narrow-clawed crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus) from Atikhisar Dam Lake, Turkey: seasonal variation and health risk assessment, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in narrow-clawed crayfish from Atikhisar Dam Lake, Turkey; seasonal variation in Pb alongside As, Cd, Hg and other metals; health risk assessment for crayfish consumers |
| 311 | Bhattacharya et al. 2024. Metal Contents in Traditional Alcoholic Rice Beers Prepared by Rabha and Sonowal Kachari Tribes of Assam, India, Asian Journal of Chemistry | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IN Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn occurrence in Four traditional alcoholic rice beers: sticky-rice beer of Pati Rabhas (Baksa and Bongaigaon districts), sticky-rice beer of Koch… (n=4) |
| 312 | P-C et al. 2024. Essential and toxic elements analysis of wild boar tissues from north-eastern Romania and health risk implications, Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | RO Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn occurrence in wild boar harvested in north-eastern Romania |
| 313 | Bousquet et al. 2024. Identifying and Responding to Lead in Drinking Water in a University Setting, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in 5,954 drinking water fixture tests across 265 UNC-Chapel Hill buildings; real-world institutional Pb monitoring and response framework with high detection rate in older plumbing |
| 314 | Indonesia 2024. Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Nomor 16 Tahun 2024 tentang Batas Cemaran dalam Kosmetik, Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2024 | 2024 | Government report | ID tHg, Pb, tAs, Cd concentrations |
| 315 | Bruno et al. 2024. Mineral composition in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and clam Tapes decussatus from Faro Lake of Messina: risk assessment for human health, Frontiers in Toxicology | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in 80 mussels and 80 clams from Faro Lake, Sicily (ICP-MS); Pb alongside As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Cr; EU regulatory comparison and consumer health risk assessment for farmed bivalves |
| 316 | Bzikowska-Jura et al. 2024. Essential and non-essential element concentrations in human milk samples and the assessment of infants’ exposure, Scientific Reports 14:8140 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PL Al, tAs, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, tHg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl, Th, U, V occurrence in Thirty human-milk samples from exclusively breastfeeding mothers in Warsaw, Poland, collected 4-6 weeks postpartum (n=30) |
| 317 | Canadian Food Inspection Agency 2024. T-4-93 – Safety standards for fertilizers and supplements, Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) | 2024 | Regulation | Canadian regulatory Pb maximum concentrations in fertilizers, soil amendments, compost, and sewage sludge; supply-chain Pb input pathway from agricultural inputs to soil and crops |
| 318 | Cantoral et al. 2024. Lead Levels in the Most Consumed Mexican Foods: First Monitoring Effort, Toxics | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in 103 commonly consumed Mexican foods (ICP-MS); first national monitoring effort; 20% exceeded FAO/WHO MLs, highest in spices; covers infant formula, cereals, legumes, produce, meat, dairy |
| 319 | Carpena et al. 2024. Assessment of the Chemical Hazards in Herbs Consumed in Europe: Toxins, Heavy Metals, and Pesticide Residues, Proceedings (MDPI) — 1st International Electronic Conference on Toxics (IECTO2024) | 2024 | Review | EU Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in Review and RASFF data synthesis covering herbs and spices in Europe, 2013–2023; no original measurements |
| 320 | Du et al. 2024. Individual and Combined Contamination of the Heavy Metals in Commercial Cat and Dog Food, Research Square, version1, posted8September2024 | 2024 | Preprint | China retail pet-food preprint: total-element measurements and modeled exposure; shared cohort with the later publication, with no inorganic-arsenic, methylmercury or Cr(VI) measurement. |
| 321 | CFIA 2024. T-4-93 - Standards for metals in fertilizers and supplements | 2024 | Government report | CA tAs, Cd, Cr-total, tHg, Ni, Pb concentrations |
| 322 | Chamorro et al. 2024. Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus): health benefits, contaminants and risk-benefit analysis for human consumption, Food Reviews International | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Review of Pb (alongside Hg, Cd, As) in Atlantic bluefin tuna; Pb as a secondary concern behind Hg in this high-value commercial species; EU regulatory comparisons |
| 323 | Change et al. 2024. Impact of Submarine Groundwater Discharge,, Peer-reviewed article | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 324 | Chen et al. 2024. Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Pesticides, Phthalates, and Heavy Metal Residues in Vegetables from Hydroponic and Conventional Cultivation, Foods 13, 1151 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cd occurrence in Shanghai farms, 2022–2023: hydroponic/conventional lettuce 32/26, celery 15/20, tomato 20/22, cucumber 19/23; total 86/91. (n=177) |
| 325 | Ministry of Agriculture and 2024. Hygienic standard for pet feed (food) - public-comment draft, Public-comment draft national standard | 2024 | Government report | CN Cd, Cr-total, tHg, Pb, tAs, iAs concentrations |
| 326 | Codex 2024. Report of the 17th Session of the Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods (REP24/CF17), Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Codex Alimentarius Commission | 2024 | Government report | Codex 2024 session report on contaminants including Pb; procedural outputs for Pb maximum level discussions across cereals, vegetables, fish, and seafood at the international regulatory body |
| 327 | US Consumer Product Safety 2024. 16 CFR 1500.17(a)(13) Lead-cored candle wicks ban, Code of Federal Regulations | 2024 | Government report | US Pb concentrations |
| 328 | Czarnek et al. 2024. Nutritional Risks of Heavy Metals in the Human Diet—Multi-Elemental Analysis of Energy Drinks, Nutrients | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Al, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Co, V, Sr, Ba, B occurrence in Nine commercially available energy-drink brands (anonymised ED1–ED9) sold in Lublin, Poland; all in aluminum cans; selected as the… (n=27) |
| 329 | Dogruyol et al. 2024. Evaluation of Health Risks Attributed to Toxic Trace Elements and Selenium in Farmed Mediterranean Mussels from Türkiye and Bulgaria, Environmental Science and Pollution Research (published online 1 February 2024) | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb in 48 farmed Mediterranean mussels from Turkey and Bulgaria (4 sites, seasonal); Pb alongside Cd, Hg, Se; health risk assessment for mussel consumers across two EU/candidate-EU countries |
| 330 | Khatibi et al. 2024. Investigation of heavy metal concentrations and determination of estimated daily intake and health risk index infant formula and baby foods in Zahedan in 2020, Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences 42(2): 614-620 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd occurrence in 18 brands of powdered infant milk formula and 7 brands of baby cereals available in Zahedan, Sistan and… (n=25) |
| 331 | Dorevitch et al. 2024. Lead in drinking water from particulate spike simulation: implications for exposure assessment, Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Controlled US plumbing experiment showing that standard first-draw sampling protocols miss significant particulate Pb spikes, implicating underestimation of infant exposure from formula reconstituted with tap water |
| 332 | DTU National Food Institute 2024. Suggestive maximum limits for lead and cadmium in food contact materials, DTU National Food Institute memo no. 24/1014518 for the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration | 2024 | Regulatory report | DK/EU/DE Pb, Cd occurrence in DVFA 2023 internal testing summary for 47 ceramic cups, bowls, plates, and ovenproof dishes on the Danish market,… (n=47) |
| 333 | Eccles et al. 2024. Non-invasive biomonitoring of polar bear feces can be used to estimate concentrations of metals of concern in traditional food, PLOS ONE | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb and co-metal concentrations in polar bear tissues (n=49) harvested across six Canadian Arctic subpopulations, providing Inuit traditional food exposure context |
| 334 | HealthCare 2024. Metals and alloys used in food contact materials and articles: a technical guide for manufacturers and regulators, 2nd edition, Council of Europe / EDQM, European Committee for Food Contact Materials and Articles (CD-P-MCA) | 2024 | Regulatory report | EU Al, Sb, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Ag, Sn, Ti, V, Zn, Zr, tAs, Ba, Be, Cd, Pb, Li, tHg, Tl occurrence in Regulatory technical guide supplementing Council of Europe Resolution CM/Res(2020)9; no primary sample population. |
| 335 | EFSA 2024. Emerging chemical risks in food and feed, EFSA Supporting Publications 2024:EN-8992 | 2024 | Government report | EU tAs, Pb, Cd, tHg, Ni occurrence in Horizon-scanning meta-report — no primary sampling. Indexes outputs of six EFSA projects (SCREENER, TIM, CLEFSA, EuroCigua I/II, OCEANS,… |
| 336 | El et al. 2024. Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Instant Noodles from Local Markets in Benghazi, Libya, Sebha University Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | LY Cd, Cr, Pb, tAs, Sn occurrence in Seven instant-noodle samples randomly collected from local markets in Benghazi, Libya. The source discusses imported noodle origins but… (n=7) |
| 337 | EPA 2024. EPA’s Safer Choice and Design for the Environment (DfE) Standard (August 2024), U.S. EPA Safer Choice Program, Office of Pollution Prevention & Toxics (federal program standard document; first issued June 2009 as the DfE Standard for Safer Products; revised April 2011, September 2012, February 2015 as EPA’s Safer Choice Standard; current August 2024 revision) | 2024 | Government guidance | US Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr-VI occurrence in Not applicable: federal program standard document. The 36-page Standard body (plus four annexes A-D giving sample partnership-agreement templates)… |
| 338 | Esoyan et al. 2024. Impact of ceramic packaging on the quality and safety of Armenian fermented dairy product Matsoun, Functional Food Science | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | AM Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs occurrence in Six matsoun samples packaged in sterilized glass or ceramic containers and stored at 4 degrees C for 1,… (n=6) |
| 339 | Ewubare et al. 2024. An Academic Review on Heavy Metals in the Environment: Effects on Soil, Plants Human Health, and Possible Solutions, American Journal of Environmental Economics 3(1) 70-81 | 2024 | Review | NG Pb, Cd, tHg, MeHg, Cr, Cr-VI, tAs, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Sb, Tl, Mo occurrence in Narrative review article; no primary samples. Synthesizes literature retrieved from Google Scholar, Frontier in Microbiology, AJOL, Scopus, Web… |
| 340 | Cosmas et al. 2024. An evaluation of the health risks, antibiotic residue levels and potentially toxic ingredients in Nigerian poultry products, International Journal of Agricultural Invention | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | NG tAs, Pb, Cd occurrence in Broiler muscle, gizzard, yolk, and albumen samples from four poultry farms in Nigeria (n=36) |
| 341 | Fatai et al. 2024. Concentration and Health Risk Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals (HMs) in African spinach (Amaranthus hybridus) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Grown around Ashaka Community, Gombe State, Nigeria, Journal of Chemistry and Nutritional Biochemistry | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | NG Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb occurrence in African spinach and tomato composite samples collected around Ashaka community, Gombe State, Nigeria (n=2) |
| 342 | Fatima et al. 2024. Analysis of heavy metal concentrations in breast milk by neutrosophic method in the locate of Lahore, Pakistan, npj Women’s Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, tHg occurrence in Lactating mothers aged 25–40 years in industrial zones of Lahore, Pakistan; samples collected at end of third lactation… (n=70) |
| 343 | FDA 2024. FDA Import Alert 99-42: Detention Without Physical Examination of Spices Due to Lead Contamination, FDA Import Alerts | 2024 | Regulatory | US regulatory mechanism for detaining lead-contaminated spice imports; documents FDA action level of 0.1 ppm (100 ppb) and affected turmeric at 2–9 ppm (20–90× that level) |
| 344 | FDA 2024. Analytical Results for Lead in Processed Food Intended for Babies and Young Children (FY2023), FDA analytical results table | 2024 | Government dataset | 386-sample FY2023 FDA Pb baby-food dataset that is the direct empirical basis for the January 2025 final guidance action levels (10 ppb fruit/mixed/yogurt/meat; 20 ppb root vegetables/dry cereal) |
| 345 | FDA 2024. Analytical Results for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Food Intended for Babies and Young Children - TEP (FY2009-FY2024), FDA analytical results table | 2024 | Government dataset | FDA 15-year compliance dataset (1,944 sample/analyte rows, FY2009–FY2024) for Pb, As, Cd, and Hg in baby foods; primary source for lead concentration distributions in processed baby food categories |
| 346 | Forsyth et al. 2024. Evidence of turmeric adulteration with lead chromate across South Asia, Science of the Total Environment | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | First systematic survey of lead chromate adulteration in turmeric across four South Asian countries (n=356); 14% of samples exceeded 2 µg/g Pb LOD with 7% exceeding the Indian standard of 10 µg/g |
| 347 | Zealand 2024. Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code - Schedule 19 - Maximum levels of contaminants and natural toxicants, Federal Register of Legislation, Authorised Version F2024C00908 | 2024 | Government report | AU/NZ Al, tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, Sn concentrations |
| 348 | Garuba et al. 2024. Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Commercial Baby Foods, Archives of Food and Nutritional Science | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd, tAs, Al, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu occurrence in 10 commercial baby food products (7 brands), US market, stages 1-3 infant/toddler formulations; purchased from retail stores in… (n=10) |
| 349 | Gautam et al. 2024. Health Risk Assessment: Formaldehyde and Heavy Metals in Finger Paints, Institute of Environmental Science and Research client report FW24026 for Health New Zealand, National Public Health Service, November 2024 | 2024 | Agency report | NZ/EU/AU tAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Al, Cu, Co, Mn, Zn occurrence in No original New Zealand market sampling. ESR/Health New Zealand risk assessment summarizing published finger-paint studies, European Safety Gate/RAPEX… |
| 350 | Ghosh et al. 2024. Effects of heavy metals on gut barrier integrity and gut microbiota, Microbiota and Host 2(1):e230015 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Mechanistic review documenting Pb (and co-metals) disruption of intestinal tight-junction proteins, mucus layer, and gut microbiota homeostasis, supporting the gut-barrier endpoint as a sensitive low-level Pb effect |
| 351 | Grzadka et al. 2024. Do You Know What You Drink? Comparative Research on the Contents of Radioisotopes and Heavy Metals in Different Types of Tea from Various Parts of the World, Foods | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PL/LK/IN Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V occurrence in Thirty commercial true-tea samples imported to the Polish market from 2021 to 2023: black tea (n=16), green tea… (n=30) |
| 352 | Guerrini et al. 2024. Content of Toxic Elements (Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead) in Eggs from an Ethically Managed Laying Hen Farm, Animals | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IT tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in 141 eggs from 5 hen genotypes at a rural ethical farm in Puglia, Italy; 60 organic supermarket eggs… (n=201) |
| 353 | Gül et al. 2024. Effects of cadmium and lead stress on quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) plant growth and antioxidant enzyme activities, Turkish Journal of Nature and Science | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Greenhouse pot experiment measuring Pb accumulation in quinoa under spiked-soil conditions; supports uptake pathway documentation for this pseudocereal, though soil spike levels far exceed ambient |
| 354 | Guo et al. 2024. Heavy metal contamination in duck eggs near mercury mining areas in southwest China, Frontiers in Public Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, Cr occurrence in 10 free-range duck eggs from Wuchuan mercury mining area (Guizhou Province) and 10 from Anshun background area (clean… (n=20) |
| 355 | Gupta et al. 2024. Assessment of human health risks posed by toxic heavy metals in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) from the Cauvery River, India, Frontiers in Public Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb concentrations in muscle, liver, and gills of tilapia from the industrially impacted Cauvery River (n=16); liver and gill Pb greatly exceeded permissible limits and contributed to a THQ above 1 for whole-fish consumption |
| 356 | Hajmoradi et al. 2024. Accumulation of Heavy Metals and Their Genotoxic Potential in Medicinal Plant Verbacsum speciosum Schrad., Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research 12(2): 65-72 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Zn occurrence in Verbascum speciosum (Common Mullein, Iranian Gole Mahur) plus paired surface soils sampled at five mining-impacted localities (a-e, 0-12… (n=18) |
| 357 | Hands et al. 2024. A multi-year heavy metal analysis of 72 dark chocolate and cocoa products in the USA, Frontiers in Nutrition | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Multi-year US cocoa/chocolate Pb dataset (n=72, 2014–2022); mean Pb per serving (0.615 µg) exceeded Prop 65 MADL; temporal decline documented; organic products showed higher Cd and slightly higher Pb |
| 358 | health 2024. Federica Cernigliaro 1 , Andrea Santangelo 2,3 , Rosaria Nardello 1 , Salvatore Lo Cascio 1 , Sofia D’Agostino 1 ,, Peer-reviewed article | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 359 | Singapore Health Sciences Authority 2024. Guidelines for Testing Requirements of Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines | 2024 | Government report | SG tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg concentrations |
| 360 | Hu et al. 2024. An electrochemiluminescence device for visualized detection of lead in practical samples, RSC Advances | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Method development only: ECL aptamer-based sensor (LOD 9.8 pg/L) validated in wolfberry and licorice root extracts; no occurrence data |
| 361 | Huda et al. 2024. A potential toxicological risk assessment of heavy metals and pesticides in irrigated rice cultivars near industrial areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | BD tAs, Se, Pb, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, V, Fe, tHg occurrence in Soil, irrigation water, husk, rice grain, and stem samples from three rice fields near Gazipur, north of Dhaka,… |
| 362 | Hussein et al. 2024. Risk assessment of some toxic metals in canned fish products retailed in Mansoura, Egypt, Open Veterinary Journal | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb concentrations in 100 canned fish samples (herring, mackerel, salmon, sardine, tuna) from Egypt; sardine exceeded EU Pb limits in 35% of samples and tuna in 25% |
| 363 | Ibrahim et al. 2024. Correlates of Food Contamination by Heavy Metals in Northwest Nigeria, Environmental Health Insights | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb concentrations in 361 staple cereal and legume samples (maize, rice, millet, sorghum, cowpea, soybean) from households in Jigawa State, Nigeria; only 4.2% of households showed elevated Pb, with mercury the dominant finding |
| 364 | Ibrahim et al. 2024. Heavy metals in raw milk and Egyptian cheese types, Open Veterinary Journal | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb concentrations in 100 raw bovine milk and 100 traditional Egyptian cheese samples (Karish, Domiati, Ras); 46% of raw milk exceeded Egypt’s regulatory limit, with Ras cheese showing the highest Pb |
| 365 | Inc. 2024. Contaminants in Vaginal Tampons: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR), Final report prepared for FDA CDRH by International Consulting Associates, Inc., Version 5.0, December 5, 2024. | 2024 | Regulatory agency report | US tAs, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, tHg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V, Zn, Ca occurrence in Nine studies included in an FDA CDRH-commissioned systematic literature review on vaginal tampon contaminants: four bench/laboratory studies of… (n=9) |
| 366 | MSMM et al. 2024. Physicochemical characterization and determination of trace metals in different edible fats and oils in Bangladesh: Nexus to human health, Heliyon 10(18):e37606 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 367 | Islam et al. 2024. A Systematic Review on Heavy Metals Contamination in Bangladeshi Fruits and Their Associated Health Risks, Environmental Health Insights | 2024 | Review | BD As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, tHg occurrence in Systematic review of 10 cross-sectional studies on heavy metals in Bangladeshi fruits (2012–2022), covering banana, mango, jackfruit, papaya,… (n=10) |
| 368 | Issues et al. 2024. Environmental Contaminants in Fish Products: Food Safety, Peer-reviewed article | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 369 | Jaudenes-Marrero et al. 2024. Analysis of toxic element levels and health risks in different soybean species (Glycine max, Vigna radiata, Vigna angularis, Vigna mungo), Nutrients | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | ES/IT Al, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co, Ba, Li, Sr, V occurrence in Ninety retail samples of four edible bean species marketed as soybean-type foods, purchased in Spain and Italy and… (n=90) |
| 370 | Kamouh et al. 2024. Heavy metals load in chicken meat and its reduction by probiotic strains, Open Veterinary Journal | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb concentrations by tissue type in 100 Egyptian chicken samples (liver > gizzard > thigh > breast gradient); probiotic application reduced Pb in experimentally contaminated fillets |
| 371 | Kangre 2024. Heavy metal migration, exposure, and health risk through canned tomato mix under different marketing display models, MPhil Thesis, University of Education Winneba, Ghana | 2024 | Thesis | GH Pb, Sn occurrence in 32 canned Tasty Tom tomato mix samples from Effutu Municipality (Winneba), Ghana: 16 from sunlight-exposed shops, 16 from… (n=32) |
| 372 | Katebe et al. 2024. Application of soil amendments to reduce the transfer of trace metal elements from contaminated soils of Lubumbashi (Democratic Republic of the Congo) to vegetables, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb (up to 221 mg/kg soil) in mine-contaminated urban garden soils in Lubumbashi and its transfer to four vegetable species; organocalcareous soil amendments reduced Pb transfer in low-contamination soils |
| 373 | Kaya et al. 2024. Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Milk and Their Packaging Materials and Statistical Analysis, Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | TR Pb, tAs, Cd, Ni, Al occurrence in 10 commercial liquid milk brands (labeled T1–T10) sold in Turkish markets, each analyzed alongside their corresponding packaging material;… (n=10) |
| 374 | Kim 2024. Potential migration of heavy metals from food containers and health risk assessment, unknown | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb migration from 120 disposable paper and plastic food containers into food simulants (Korean market); documents packaging as a supply-chain Pb exposure pathway distinct from intrinsic food contamination |
| 375 | Kim et al. 2024. Nutrients and non-essential metals in darkibor kale grown at urban and rural farms: a pilot study, PLOS ONE | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb concentrations in kale from three urban and four rural farms near Baltimore (n=42); mean Pb higher in urban samples but all below public health guidelines, with within-site variance exceeding urban/rural difference |
| 376 | Kopru et al. 2024. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection of trace metal contents of children cosmetics, Optical and Quantum Electronics 56(8):399 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | TR/US/CA Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Se, tHg, Cd, Pb occurrence in Thirty cosmetic products purchased from local markets in Turkey, marketed as children’s cosmetics and sold within three different… (n=30) |
| 377 | Republic of Korea Ministry 2024. Regulations on Cosmetic Safety Standards, etc. - MFDS Notice No. 2024-9, MFDS Notice No. 2024-9 | 2024 | Government report | KR Pb, Ni, tAs, tHg, Sb, Cd concentrations |
| 378 | Republic of Korea Ministry 2024. Korea MFDS Notice 2024-29 standards and specifications for utensils, containers and packages - part 1, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Notice | 2024 | Government report | KR Pb, Sb concentrations |
| 379 | Kovacik et al. 2024. Microelements, Fatty Acid Profile, and Selected Biomarkers in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Muscle Tissue: Seasonal Variations and Health Risk Assessment, Research (journal not specified in text; published online 9 May 2024) | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb below LOQ in more than 66% of grass carp muscle samples from a Slovak university pond (n=36); context for freshwater fish Pb background and seasonal detection rates |
| 380 | Maciej et al. 2024. Assessment of heavy metal contamination and associated health risk indices in commercial herbal tea samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, International Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd, tAs, tHg, Cr occurrence in Commercial herbal tea samples purchased from Polish retail markets (n=48) |
| 381 | Krasnopyorova et al. 2024. Trace Element Composition of Surface Water in Almaty City and Human Health Risk Assessment | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb concentrations in surface water from four rivers supplying Almaty’s drinking water (n=64 samples across four seasons); seasonal and site-level variation in Pb alongside 25 other trace elements |
| 382 | Laoye et al. 2024. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in fish, fruits, and vegetables in Southwest Nigeria: A systematic review, F1000Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PRISMA systematic review of 64 studies on Pb (and co-metal) contamination in fish, fruits, and vegetables in Southwest Nigeria, 2014–2024; fish concentrations frequently exceed WHO limits |
| 383 | Lehel et al. 2024. Possible Metal Burden of Potentially Toxic Elements in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on Aquaculture Farm, Fishes | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IT/HU/EU tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in Farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) flesh; 40 fish purchased at a fishery market in Hungary but originating from… (n=40) |
| 384 | Leskova et al. 2024. Content of some chemical elements in wild mushrooms of the Transbaikal Territory, Innovations and Food Safety 3(45):75-83 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | RU Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb occurrence in Wild edible mushrooms collected near Smolenka village, Chita District, Transbaikal Territory, Russia. (n=Six wild edible mushroom species; at least five specimens per species) |
| 385 | Levin et al. 2024. Drinking water quality in the United States: a review of contaminants, regulations, and health implications, Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Review of US drinking water Pb regulation (EPA action level 15 µg/L; proposed revision to 10 µg/L) and occurrence data, with critical assessment of gaps between regulatory limits and health-protective thresholds |
| 386 | S-T et al. 2024. Determination, distribution, and health risk assessment of 12 heavy metals in various edible oils in Taiwan, JSFA Reports | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | TW tAs, Pb, Cd, Ni, V, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ba occurrence in 12 types of refined commercial edible oils (n=25 samples) and 12 types of unrefined (cold-pressed/virgin) commercial edible oils… (n=50) |
| 387 | Luo et al. 2024. Peptides Used for Heavy Metal Remediation: A Promising Approach, International Journal of Molecular Sciences | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb, Cd, tHg, Cr, Cr-VI, Ni, tAs occurrence in Narrative review; no primary measurements. |
| 388 | Ma et al. 2024. Occurrence of heavy metals in sanitary napkins from seven countries: Implication for risk management of female hygiene products, Environmental Technology & Innovation | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | CN/JP/KR tAs, Co, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr occurrence in 56 sanitary-napkin composite samples from seven countries: China n=20, Japan n=6, South Korea n=6, United States n=6, United… (n=56) |
| 389 | Mahdi et al. 2024. Detection of some heavy metals in meat cooked in different utensils, Samarra Journal of Pure and Applied Science | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Al occurrence in Meat cooked in clay, iron, copper, aluminium, Tefal/Teflon, and glass/Pyrex utensils in Tikrit, Iraq. (n=6) |
| 390 | Maisto et al. 2024. Effects of Food-Derived Antioxidant Compounds on In Vitro Heavy Metal Intestinal Bioaccessibility, Antioxidants | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IT tHg, Cd, tAs, Pb, Sb, Cu, Zn, Fe occurrence in Triplicate in vitro gastrointestinal digestion experiments using water spiked with standardized heavy-metal concentrations and treated with maltodextrin-based quercetin,… (n=3) |
| 391 | Malone et al. 2024. Trace Metal Contamination in Community Garden Soils across the United States, Sustainability | 2024 | Review | US Pb, tAs, Cd occurrence in Review of 52 peer-reviewed articles on community garden soil contamination across the United States, published through January 2024 |
| 392 | Mancuso et al. 2024. Food contamination and cardiovascular disease: a narrative review | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Narrative synthesis of Pb (and co-metal) dietary exposure pathways and proposed mechanisms for cardiovascular toxicity; supports the CV endpoint as a second canonical adult Pb effect alongside neurotoxicity |
| 393 | Marcelis 2024. Development of a generic safety assessment strategy for feminine intimate products, PhD thesis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel | 2024 | Thesis | EU/US/CN Li, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, tAs, Se, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Sn, tHg occurrence in PhD thesis built around a market survey of 64 feminine intimate products from the EU, US, and Asia/China:… (n=64) |
| 394 | Margaoan et al. 2024. Environmental pollution effect on honey bees and their derived products: a comprehensive analysis, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Review of Pb (and co-metal) concentrations in honey and pollen from contaminated versus clean environments; documents elevated Pb in bee products near industrial areas and bees as environmental biomonitors |
| 395 | Mehri et al. 2024. A probabilistic health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in edible vegetable oils consumed in Hamadan, Iran, BMC Public Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, tAs, Fe, Zn occurrence in Traditional and industrial edible vegetable oils (peanut, sunflower, olive, sesame) from Hamadan, western Iran, 2022; n=20 traditional +… (n=40) |
| 396 | Mekonnen et al. 2024. Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fruits in Bahir Dar Town, Northwest Ethiopia, International Journal of Food Science | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb concentrations in mango, banana, and orange from Ethiopian open markets; mango Pb (0.576 mg/kg dw) exceeded FAO/WHO limits with a hazard index of 3.69 |
| 397 | Meli et al. 2024. Chemical characterization of baby food consumed in Italy, PLOS ONE | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Pb concentrations in 25 European baby food types consumed in Italy (powdered milk, cream of rice, fruit, fish, meat, cheese purees); multi-analyte elemental characterization including HMTc-relevant metals |
| 398 | Mena 2024. body composition, blood pressure and vascular function, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress,, Peer-reviewed article | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 399 | Mercan et al. 2024. Experimental study for inorganic and organic profiling of toy makeup products: Estimating the potential threat to child health, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 31: 33975–33992 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | TR/CN/EU Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Se, Sb, Pb, Zn occurrence in Sixty-three toy makeup products purchased from toy stores in Istanbul, Turkey, representing ten different brands coded BRAND A–J… (n=63) |
| 400 | Mohammadi et al. 2024. Evaluation of carcinogenic risk of heavy metals due to consumption of rice in Southwestern Iran, Toxicology Reports | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni occurrence in 16 local Champa rice samples after harvesting and husking, purchased from farmers in Lordegan (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province)… (n=16) |
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