Overview
This study measured heavy metals and nitrate in canned products sold in Baghdad markets, including canned pineapple and fruit cocktail.
Key numbers
Source units are mg/100 g on a dry-weight basis (samples dried at 75 °C; dry-solids percentages reported per row in Tables 1 and 2). Two product categories are within the scope of this page: canned pineapple slices and canned fruit cocktail.
Canned pineapple slices (Thai 16.7% dry solids / Chinese 19.5% dry solids):
- Pb 0.21 Thai, 0.30 Chinese.
- Cd 0.00 in both origins.
- Co 0.01 Thai, 0.00 Chinese.
- NO3 39.8 Thai, 44.6 Chinese.
- Mn: the source is internally inconsistent. The body-text paragraph and abstract state “1.01 to 2.37 mg/100g for the Thai and Chinese products, respectively”; Table 2 row for pineapple shows Mn 1.01 Thai and Mn 0.30 Chinese. The Table 2 value (0.30 for Chinese) is preferred for downstream routing because the 2.37 figure in the prose matches an unrelated mushroom row, suggesting a transcription slip in the body text and abstract.
- Fe 12.5 Thai, 0.34 Chinese.
- Zn 7.67 Thai, 2.62 Chinese.
- Cu 2.08 Thai, 0.25 Chinese.
Canned fruit cocktail (chopped fruit; Malaysian 15.2% dry solids / Thai 18.8% dry solids):
- Pb 0.12 Malaysian, 0.28 Thai.
- Cd 0.00 in both origins.
- Co 0.00 in both origins.
- NO3 28.3 Malaysian, 38.6 Thai.
- Mn 0.54 Malaysian, 0.24 Thai (body text); Table 2 row for fruit-cocktail shows Mn 0.12 Malaysian and 0.28 Thai, another body-text vs Table 2 disagreement. Both pairs are reported here for transparency.
- Fe 0.56 Malaysian, 0.77 Thai.
- Zn 1.83 Malaysian, 0.95 Thai.
- Cu 0.66 Malaysian, 0.23 Thai.
Methods
Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Co, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu) were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry per AL-Swaidan (1988); the instrument was calibrated with element-specific standard solutions and re-zeroed every ten readings. Sample preparation: heterogeneous canned contents were homogenised with a food mixer, dried at 75 °C in an electric oven, ground in a dry porcelain mortar, and reported on a dry-weight basis. Digestion: 2 g of dry sample placed in a 200 ml glass flask with 10 ml nitric acid, gradually heated at 250 °C for 1 h, with repeated additions of 5 ml concentrated acid until the sample solution became clear, then quantitatively transferred to volumetric flasks. Nitrate and nitrite were extracted from 105 g of dried sample in 50 ml deionized water (shaker, 2 h, Whatman No. 1 filtration) and measured with a nitrite-nitrate selective electrode (range 0.1 to 62000 ppm; pH 2 to 11; reproducibility 2 %) calibrated against potassium nitrate and nitrite standards, per Kharazi et al. (2021).
Implications
The source contributes country-of-origin-stratified occurrence values for canned pineapple slices and canned fruit cocktail sold in Baghdad markets. Units are mg/100 g on a dry-weight basis; downstream routing must preserve both the unit and the dry-weight basis (or convert explicitly using the reported dry-solids percentages) before comparison with regulatory limits or other studies reporting wet-weight ppb. The paper does not measure arsenic, mercury, nickel, aluminium, chromium, tin, or other HMTc-priority analytes.
Related evidence
- Pineapple
- Canned fruit cocktail
- Canned Fruit — REDIRECT (Cat 7 sub-variant of Canned foods, general)
- Lead
- Cadmium
- Cobalt
- Manganese
- Iron
- Zinc
- Copper
Update history
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