Two anonymous chocolate products from Bwari market contained measurable nickel, iron, copper, chromium and lead. Their reported sample concentrations are preserved independently of inconsistent dispersion, intake means and safety comparisons in the paper.
Key numbers
| Group | Ni mg/kg | Fe mg/kg | Cu mg/kg | Cr mg/kg | Pb mg/kg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 1.05 | 7.01 | 5 | 3.5 | 0.2 |
| B | 0.91 | 5.95 | 5.02 | 4.66 | 0.29 |
| reported mean | 0.98 | 6.48 | 5.01 | 4.08 | 0.24 |
| reported dispersion | 0.05 | 0.37 | 0.03 | 0.41 | 0.12 |
All 30 source daily-intake estimates from Table 2 are preserved as unvalidated model outputs. The table’s mean rows do not equal the arithmetic mean of its two sample rows.
Methods (brief)
0.2 g chocolate microwave-digested using 2 mL 1: 1 nitric acid/hydrogen peroxide, diluted to 10 mL and measured by flame AAS. Blanks/calibration described; no numeric LOD, recovery or replicate count. Intake scenarios use 20 g/day and 20 kg child, 100 g/day and 70 kg adult. Chocolate composition remains unspecified.
Implications
Provides a small local occurrence observation with anonymous products. It cannot establish market prevalence, source attribution, or a no-risk conclusion. Total chromium (Cr) is not Cr(VI).
Evidence Fitness: EF-2 for individual product concentrations; EF-X for unreconciled intake means and unsupported blanket safety claims. Mean/dispersion values remain explicitly source-reported.
Related evidence
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