Selvam et al. 2021 — Heavy metal contamination in coastal aquifer groundwater, Kerala, India
This study evaluated heavy metal contamination in 50 groundwater samples from the coastal aquifer of Alappuzha district, Kerala, India, using the OSPRC (Overall Pollution Risk Classification) framework across pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. ICP-OES was used to measure 12 elements including As, Cd, Sr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Ba, Cr, Pb, Al, Mn, and Co. The study found elevated concentrations of several metals compared to WHO drinking water guidelines, with the OSPRC framework identifying zones of moderate to high contamination risk. Seasonal variation was observed between pre- and post-monsoon samples, with some metals showing higher concentrations post-monsoon due to leaching dynamics.
Key numbers
Metals measured by ICP-OES: As, Cd, Sr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Ba, Cr, Pb, Al, Mn, Co. n=50 groundwater samples (pre- and post-monsoon seasons). Study area: coastal aquifer of Alappuzha district, Kerala, India. Assessment framework: OSPRC (Overall Pollution Risk Classification). Multiple metals exceeded WHO drinking water quality guidelines in sampled wells; specific numeric values per metal are reported in the source tables.
Methods (brief)
ICP-OES analysis of 50 groundwater samples collected from the coastal aquifer. Samples collected across two seasonal periods (pre- and post-monsoon 2021/2022). OSPRC framework applied for contamination risk classification. Standard methods for groundwater sample preparation and acid digestion.
Implications
Certification: Groundwater used for irrigation of food crops in Kerala; elevated As, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr concentrations may contribute to soil and food crop contamination. Courses: Illustrates how coastal aquifer contamination creates food-chain exposure pathways in tropical agricultural regions. App: Groundwater-to-crop contamination pathway; Kerala rice-growing region context.