Overview
This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.
Key numbers
The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:
- for gestational age. 36% of Austrian and 75% of Slovakian mothers had levels exceeding
- doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.664946 the HBM guidance value I (2 µg/L) of the German HBM Commission for PFOA. 13% of
- newborns and 39% of women had Ery-Pb levels above 24 µg/kg, an approximation for
- project “UmMuKi1 : chemicals in mothers and their newborns toxicants. Placental transfer rates vary over a wide range within
- inclusion criteria (i.e., healthy single term pregnancy, age of 18– Pork consumption 57% 86% <0.001
- thawing, 1–1.5 g of erythrocytes were digested with a mixture of nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (Table 2) and two deletion
- 4 ml 69 vol% HNO3 (Roth, supra quality) and 0.75–1 ml 30 vol% polymorphisms (GSTT1, GSTM1) in candidate genes that have
- After addition of 2.5 mL of 0.1% v/v 2-mercaptoethanol in 1 samples, from frozen maternal peripheral blood and from frozen
- TABLE 2 | Nomenclature of examined polymorphisms and variant allele frequencies in 200 mother-child pairs.
- All study participants (N = 400) were genotyped. In
- the major allele (Table 2), we do not use this nomenclature in
- Due to budgetary reasons PFAS, BPA, and MeHg were analyzed (Table 3). Pb concentrations were analyzed by graphite furnace
- Bisphenol A (BPA) 16.1 ± 1.3 µg/L) and Pb content of reference material (LOT
- Levels of free BPA in 40 blood samples were measured in 2012 1003192: 338 ± 21 µg/L) were in accordance with the certified
- at the accredited HBM laboratory of the Environmental Agency levels for THg (16.0 ± 3.2 µg/L) and Pb (336 ± 18 µg/L). The
- by HPLC-MS. Special efforts have been undertaken to avoid limit of detection (LOD) was 0.07 µg/L (THg) and 1.7 µg/L (Pb).
- potential artifacts and to prevent false-positive detection of free All metal contents were measured in duplicate (RSD < 10%) by
- TABLE 3 | Concentrations of Bisphenol A (BPA), Perfluoralkyl substances (PFAS), concentrations for BPA, sumPFAS, PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFDA,
- N AM ± SD 90th Perc. MAX N < LOD Bivariate associations between questionnaire data and medical
- CordS-PFASa (µg/L) 42 2.9 ± 1.7 5.3 7.2 0(0%)
- MatS-PFASa (µg/L) 42 6.5 ± 4.5 13.1 23.1 0(0%)
- CordEry-THg (µg/kg) 189 2.6 ± 1.5 4.1 11.4 0(0%)
- MatEry-THg (µg/kg) 182 1.8 ± 1.1 3.3 8.1 0(0%) relative importance within a model. The non-significant and/or
- ChildB-MeHg (µg/L) 40 1.5 ± 1.8 4.5 8.4 2(5%) unimportant factors in this order were stepwise eliminated from
- MatB-MeHg (µg/L) 40 0.9 ± 1.0 2.8 4.2 8(20%) the regression model using P > 0.1 and Pratt-Coefficient < 0.05
- CordEry-Pb (µg/kg) 200 16 ± 21 27 182 0(0%) as elimination criteria (final models). For numerical predictors
- MatEry-Pb (µg/kg) 198 27 ± 27 51 234 0(0%) of birth weight, their significance and importance for binary
- HPLC-CV-ICPMS with a mobile phase (60 mM ammonium As Table 1 shows, the study groups in Bratislava and Vienna
- acetate, 0.1% v/v mercaptoethanol, 5% v/v methanol at pH 6.8), differed in terms of eating habits, education and housing. Only
- with 1% w/w sodium borohydride and 1 M hydrochloric acid BPA was detected in 27% of cord serum and 35% of maternal
- followed by ICPMS detection at m/z 202. For quality assurance, serum samples (Table 3), mostly from Bratislava (Figure 2B).
- NIST 955c-3 was 98 ± 7% (N = 4) and for spiked samples 95 ± 5% consumption of canned food, occurrence or removal of dental
- was 4 ± 2.5% (N = 7). The LOQ and LOD for MeHg were 0.7 flooring). BPA data were excluded from all further statistical tests
- µg/L, respectively, 0.1 µg/L. MeHg concentrations < LOQ were because of their limited information.
- in serum (Table 3) with some significant differences in
- FIGURE 2 | Median levels of (A) PFAS and (B) BPA, Pb, THg and MeHg in cord blood and maternal blood specimens. Site-specific differences are marked with
- (Supplementary Table 1). In CATREG analyses, MatS- Placental Transfer of BPA, PFAS, THg,
- newborns correlated well (Supplementary Table 3). Significantly
- of amalgam fillings were the significant factors determining of placental PFAS transfer (Tables 4, 5). Placental transfer of THg
- MatEry-THg (Supplementary Table 5). We observed higher was reduced when pregnant women had amalgam fillings, ate
- µg/kg; P = 0.035) that, however, were not attributable to infant genetic variants that modulate THg transfer to the fetus
- FIGURE 3 | (A) Placental transfer rates (i.e., umbilical cord blood concentrations to maternal blood concentrations) of BPA (N = 14), sumPFAS (N = 42), PFOA
Methods (brief)
- study. BPA, 16 PFAS, THg, MeHg, and Pb were determined using HPLCMS/MS (BPA,
- Gundacker C, PFAS), HPLC-CV-ICPMS (MeHg), CV-AFS (THg), and GF-AAS (Pb). Questionnaires
- Sample Collection and Preparation secondary school.
- Blood was sampled with the VACUETTE Safety collection
- swab samples from the oral cavity, were taken within GW 36–38
- of pregnancy. 2–3 × 7 ml of cord blood were collected within
- 1 h after childbirth. One 7 ml replicate of maternal/cord whole Chromatography-Cold Vapor-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass
- blood was centrifuged for 10 min at 3,000 rpm immediately after Spectrometry (HPLC-CV-ICPMS).
- whole blood (1 ml) was sampled before postnatal day 5. All Genomic DNA Isolation and Genotyping
- samples were stored at –20◦ C until further treatment. After DNA of 200 mother-child-pairs was genotyped for 20 single-
- H2 O2 (Merck). All samples were digested in Teflon vessels in a been linked to metabolism/detoxification of Hg, Pb, PFOS and
- Teflon vessel was rinsed twice with 2 ml H2 O, and the digestion ALAD, HFE, ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCG2, and ABCB11.
- For MeHg analyses, a 0.25 ml aliquot of whole blood samples Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.
- After addition of 2.5 mL of 0.1% v/v 2-mercaptoethanol in 1 samples, from frozen maternal peripheral blood and from frozen
- M hydrochloric acid, the samples were extracted for 15 min cord blood using the NucleoSpin Blood DNA extraction
- filters) the samples were analyzed with High Performance Liquid commercially available TaqMan Assays (Life Technologies).
- for wild-type and variant allele simultaneously in a StepOne sources. Blood samples were spiked with an isotopically labeled
- Real-Time PCR System (Life Technologies). The 10 µl reaction surrogate standard and extracted by SPE. The samples were
Implications
This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.
Wiki pages this source may touch
Verification notes
- Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing
wiki/sources/pages before creation. - Full-PDF read:
pdftotext -layoutwas run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written. - Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
- Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
- HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.
Update history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.