Ali et al. 2020 - Chicken Liver Heavy Metals in Erbil
Ali et al. measured ten trace and toxic elements in twenty chicken liver samples from Erbil city markets using ICP-OES. The paper is direct poultry offal occurrence evidence, not muscle-meat evidence.
Key numbers
The abstract reports mean concentrations in mg/kg: Cd 0.07 +/- 0.037, Pb 0.278 +/- 0.10, Hg 0.11 +/- 0.083, Se 2.01 +/- 0.454, Cr 0.06 +/- 0.05, Cu 2.05 +/- 0.34, Mn 1.85 +/- 0.47, Ni 0.15 +/- 0.17, Zn 33.53 +/- 5.24, and Co 0.06 +/- 0.027. The authors state that Hg and Pb exceeded WHO permissible limits.
Methods (brief)
Twenty chicken liver samples were collected from Erbil city markets and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Hg, Zn, and Se.
Implications
This source supports poultry offal and chicken-liver context. It should not be pooled with breast/thigh muscle without an offal basis flag. Total mercury is not methylmercury.
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Verification notes
- Batch 5 auto-fetched ingest, 2026-05-25.
- The PDF text layer is poorly ordered; the abstract and tables agree on the headline toxic-metal means used here.
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.