Overview
2 studies in the corpus report this topic. This page collects them. The concentration profile fills in as those studies are read.
Heavy metal contamination profile
| Analyte | Coverage | Typical (ppb) | Confidence | Key sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb | pending | — | — | — |
| Cd | pending | — | — | — |
| iAs | pending | — | — | — |
| tAs | pending | — | — | — |
| tHg | pending | — | — | — |
| Ni | pending | — | — | — |
| Al | pending | — | — | — |
| Cr | pending | — | — | — |
| Sn | pending | — | — | — |
| U | pending | — | — | — |
FDA TDS FY2018–FY2020 source observations
FDA measured the prepared foods named below. Each row describes that food and preparation, not every form of this ingredient. Values are µg/kg (ppb) on the FDA sample basis. ND means not detected; it is not a measured zero. Reporting limits can vary between composites. FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical Results
| FDA food and preparation | Analyte | Composites | Detected | Detected concentrations (ppb) | Reporting limits (ppb) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 721: BF, fruit yogurt dessert | tAs | 8 | 0 | ND in all composites | 3 |
| 721: BF, fruit yogurt dessert | Cd | 8 | 1 | 1.6 | 1 |
| 721: BF, fruit yogurt dessert | Cr | 8 | 2 | 100 | 50 |
| 721: BF, fruit yogurt dessert | Pb | 8 | 0 | ND in all composites | 4 |
| 721: BF, fruit yogurt dessert | tHg | 8 | 0 | ND in all composites | 1 |
| 721: BF, fruit yogurt dessert | Ni | 8 | 2 | 95–100 | 40 |
| 721: BF, fruit yogurt dessert | U | 8 | 0 | ND in all composites | 1 |
| 763: BF, yogurt, peach pear | tAs | 3 | 0 | ND in all composites | 3 |
| 763: BF, yogurt, peach pear | Cd | 3 | 0 | ND in all composites | 1 |
| 763: BF, yogurt, peach pear | Cr | 3 | 0 | ND in all composites | 50 |
| 763: BF, yogurt, peach pear | Pb | 3 | 0 | ND in all composites | 4 |
| 763: BF, yogurt, peach pear | tHg | 3 | 0 | ND in all composites | 1 |
| 763: BF, yogurt, peach pear | Ni | 3 | 0 | ND in all composites | 40 |
| 763: BF, yogurt, peach pear | U | 3 | 0 | ND in all composites | 1 |
References
Works cited in this page’s text, in first-appearance order. See Sources for this page’s source inventory. Each title links to a source record with bibliographic details, reported findings, and document provenance.
Sources
Source records associated with this topic. Inclusion does not establish that every finding applies to this product or ingredient. References above identify works cited in the text.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | FDA 2024. Analytical Results for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Food Intended for Babies and Young Children - TEP (FY2009-FY2024), FDA analytical results table | 2024 | Government dataset | US tAs, Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in FDA compliance-program foods intended for babies and young children, FY2009-FY2024 |
| 2 | Spungen et al. 2024. Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd concentrations |
| 3 | Amarh et al. 2023. Health risk assessment of some selected heavy metals in infant food sold in Wa, Ghana, Heliyon | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | GH tAs, Cd, Cr, tHg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb occurrence in Locally and internationally produced infant formula and baby-food samples sold in Wa, Ghana (n=22) |
| 4 | FDA 2022. FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical Results, FDA Total Diet Study | 2022 | Government dataset | US-FDA Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg, Ni, Cr, U, Sb occurrence in 3276 prepared food, beverage and water composites across 307 TDS foods, FY2018-FY2020 US collections (n=3276) |
| 5 | Ouyang et al. 2022. Early Life Microbiota — Impact of Delivery Mode and Infant Feeding, Comprehensive Gut Microbiota, Volume 2 (Elsevier), Chapter 2.03, pp. 25-38 | 2022 | Review | Cited reference from Comprehensive Gut Microbiota, Volume 2 (Elsevier), Chapter 2.03, pp. 25-38 |
| 6 | Parker et al. 2022. Human health risk assessment of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury ingestion from baby foods, Toxicology Reports | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, Cd, tHg, Pb occurrence in 36 baby and toddler food samples (n=9 per ingredient category: fruit, grain, leguminous vegetable, root vegetable) purchased from… (n=36) |
| 7 | Silva et al. 2022. Determination of total mercury in Spanish samples of baby food, fast food, and daily meal, Research Square (preprint, posted 2022-05-05) | 2022 | Preprint | ES tHg occurrence in Twenty-eight composite meal samples purchased in Valencia, Spain, classified into three intake categories: 13 commercial jarred baby foods… (n=28) |
| 8 | Mielech et al. 2021. Assessment of the Risk of Contamination of Food for Infants and Toddlers, Nutrients | 2021 | Review | PL/NO/US Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg occurrence in Narrative literature review of 83 publications (2004–2021, mainly October 2020–March 2021 search window) on contaminants in foods for… |
| 9 | Depa 2019. Heavy Metals in Baby Foods and Cereal Products, Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | Pb, Cd occurrence in Baby foods and cereal products, including milk powder and cereal-based products (n=63) |
| 10 | BfR 2018. EU maximum levels for cadmium in food for infants and young children sufficient - Exposure to lead should fundamentally be reduced to the achievable minimum, BfR Opinion No. 026/2018 | 2018 | Government report | DE/EU Cd, Pb occurrence in BfR assessment of German Federal Control Plan 2015 and Monitoring 2015 occurrence data for foods for infants and… (n=522) |
| 11 | De et al. 2017. Occurrence of cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic in prepared meals in Italy: Potential relevance for intake assessment, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | IT Cd, Pb, tHg, tAs occurrence in Seventeen pooled prepared-meal composites collected from Italian baby food, school canteen, office canteen, fast food, duplicate-portion, vegetarian, and… (n=17) |
| 12 | FDA 2016. Analytical Results from Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Cereals for Infants, Non-Rice Infant Cereal and Other Foods Commonly Eaten by Infants and Toddlers, U.S. Food and Drug Administration | 2016 | Government dataset | US-FDA iAs, tAs concentrations (n=415) |
| 13 | FSA 2016. Survey of metals in commercial infant foods, infant formula and non-infant specific foods, UK Food Standards Agency report FS102048 | 2016 | Government report | UK Al, Sb, tAs, iAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, I, Fe, Pb, Mn, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn concentrations |
| 14 | FSA 2014. Survey of metals and other elements in commercial infant foods, infant formula and non-infant specific foods, Food Standards Agency report | 2014 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, iAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn occurrence in Forty-seven infant formula samples, 200 commercial infant foods, and 50 composite ‘other foods’ samples purchased from UK retail… (n=297) |
| 15 | Pandelova et al. 2012. Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn contents in baby foods from the EU market: Comparison of assessed infant intakes with the present safety limits for minerals and trace elements, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | EU/FR/DE Cd, tHg, Ni, Pb, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn concentrations |
| 16 | Meharg et al. 2008. Levels of arsenic in rice - literature review, Food Standards Agency contract C101045 | 2008 | Government report | UK tAs, iAs occurrence in Food Standards Agency-commissioned literature review and secondary tabulation of published, FSA, and University of Aberdeen rice arsenic data,… |
| 17 | Committee on Toxicity of 2003. COT statement on a survey of metals in infant food, Committee on Toxicity statement | 2003 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn occurrence in Commercial UK baby foods and formulae, including infant formulae, manufactured baby foods, desserts, rusks, and infant drinks, surveyed… (n=189) |
| 18 | Dabeka et al. 2003. Survey of total mercury in total diet food composites and an estimation of the dietary intake of mercury by adults and children from two Canadian cities, 1998-2000, Food Additives & Contaminants | 2003 | Peer-reviewed | CA tHg occurrence in Total mercury in 259 total-diet food composites prepared from retail foods purchased in Whitehorse in January-February 1998 and… (n=259) |
| 19 | Kirkpatrick et al. 1980. The Trace Element Content of Canadian Baby Foods and Estimation of Trace Element Intake by Infants, Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal 13(4):154-161 | 1980 | Peer-reviewed | CA Cd, Cr-total, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn occurrence in Canadian national survey, 1975 sample collection. 306 unique products requested from all manufacturers of baby foods, formulae, and… (n=330) |
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