Snacks, General
Provisional scaffold. This page was created automatically on 2026-05-30 so that an ingested source could route to it. The HMTc taxonomy row, clean/contaminated pairing, primary metals of concern, and detailed scope have not yet been locked. Content below is minimal until a synthesis pass or taxonomy review consolidates the literature for this product class.
Reason: HMTc Cat 7 row 10 taxonomy destination existed in products/index.md but had no page; rollup of snacks-crackers-biscuits/snack-bars-energy-bars/biscuits. Created during fan-out repair 2026-05-30.
Literature scope
The literature corpus for this product class is currently thin. Sources route here as ingest proceeds; once enough sources accumulate, the synthesis pass will populate the Literature Evidence Summary, Source Evidence Inventory, and downstream sections per CLAUDE.md Part 6.
Literature Evidence Summary
The table below summarizes what the peer-reviewed and government literature cited on this page reports for heavy-metal concentrations in Snacks, General. Values are pulled directly from cited sources without re-aggregation; pooling, percentile selection, and threshold math sit in the staff Standards Workbench rather than this public page.
Methodology rules for speciation, basis preservation, non-detect handling, and source pooling are stated in the Methodology section above and apply to every row below.
| Analyte | Subcategory | Reported concentration range | Detection rate | Applicable regulatory cap | Sources | Confidence | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb | Snacks, General (no contributing evidence loaded) | No concentration data loaded for this analyte | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 0 | data gap | Basis not reported |
| Cd | Snacks, General (no contributing evidence loaded) | No concentration data loaded for this analyte | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 0 | data gap | Basis not reported |
| iAs | Snacks, General (no contributing evidence loaded) | No concentration data loaded for this analyte | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 0 | data gap | Basis not reported |
| tAs | Snacks, General (no contributing evidence loaded) | No concentration data loaded for this analyte | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 0 | data gap | Basis not reported |
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The “Used on this page for” column is populated by the orchestrator’s POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ANSES 2026. Opinion of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety on the results of the Third French Total Diet Study (TDS3) - Acrylamide, aluminium, silver, cadmium, mercury and lead, ANSES Opinion, Request No 2019-SA-0010 | 2026 | Government report | FR Al, Ag, Cd, Pb, tHg, iHg, MeHg occurrence in French TDS3 foods selected from 276 foods across 44 groups, with 718 samples collected in Loiret, Puy-de-Dome, and… (n=718) |
| 2 | CFIA 2025. Toxic metals in selected foods – April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023: Food chemistry – Targeted surveys – Final report, Canadian Food Inspection Agency | 2025 | Government report | CA tAs, Cd, Pb, tHg concentrations (n=470) |
| 3 | Dragičević et al. 2025. Essential minerals and their potential bioavailability in popcorn (Zea mays L. subsp. everta (Sturtev.) Zhuk.) kernels and flakes, Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 85(2): 277-286 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | RS Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn occurrence in 12 popcorn (Zea mays L. subsp. everta) hybrids (H1-H12: ZP 611k, ZP 614k, ZP 501k, 541/1k, ZP 542/1k,… (n=12) |
| 4 | Gorbanov et al. 2025. Evaluation of lamb meat safety for meat snack production after the use of the feed supplement LaktuVet-1 in animal diets, Proceedings of VSUET, 87(1): 86-92 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | RU Pb, Cd, tAs occurrence in Two groups of 20 Edilbay-breed sheep in Russia: a control group and an experimental group receiving the LaktuVet-1… (n=40) |
| 5 | Cantoral et al. 2024. Dietary Risk Assessment of Cadmium Exposure Through Commonly Consumed Foodstuffs in Mexico, Foods | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | MX Cd concentrations (n=143) |
| 6 | Oduro et al. 2023. Health risks of potentially toxic metals in cereal-based breakfast meals in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana, Discover Food 3:25 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | GH tAs, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb occurrence in 54 locally produced cereal-based breakfast meals obtained from Kumasi Metropolis markets in December 2021: 31 breakfast cereals, 20… (n=54) |
| 7 | BfR 2022. Nickel: estimate of long-term intake via food based on the BfR MEAL Study, BfR Communication No. 033/2022 | 2022 | Government report | DE/EU Ni occurrence in 840 food pools from 356 foods representing 90%+ of German food consumption; adults and adolescents N=13,926 (NVS II,… (n=840) |
| 8 | Fechner et al. 2022. Results of the BfR MEAL Study: In Germany, mercury is mostly contained in fish and seafood while cadmium, lead, and nickel are present in a broad spectrum of foods, Food Chemistry: X | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | DE/EU tHg, Cd, Pb, Ni occurrence in 869 pooled samples from 356 foods representing 90%+ of German food consumption; adults and adolescents N=13,926 (NVS II… (n=869) |
| 9 | Haider et al. 2022. Nutritional Quality and Safety Characteristics of Imported Biscuits Marketed in Basrah, Iraq, Applied Sciences | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | IQ/ES/IR Pb, Cd occurrence in 36 imported biscuit samples (9 brands per country of origin × 4 countries: Spain, Iran, Turkey, UAE) sold… (n=36) |
| 10 | Kurniawati et al. 2021. Determination of several heavy metals in staple foods from traditional markets in Jakarta using neutron activation analysis, AIP Conference Proceedings (4th International Seminar on Chemistry) | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | ID Cr, tHg, Co, Zn occurrence in 14 staple food commodities (soybean, mung bean, rice, tempeh, tofu, papaya, crackers/kerupuk, water spinach, spinach, carrot, egg, mackerel/ikan… (n=14) |
| 11 | El-Hassanin et al. 2020. Risk assessment of human exposure to lead and cadmium in maize grains cultivated in soils irrigated either with low-quality water or freshwater, Toxicology Reports 7:10-15 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | EG Pb, Cd occurrence in Soil (0–30 cm), irrigation water, and maize grain composites collected in August 2017 from nine cultivated sites across… (n=27) |
| 12 | Elsheikh et al. 2020. Evaluation of Some Toxic and Essential Trace Elements in Children Foods and Infant Formulae by Using ICP-OES, Asian Journal of Chemistry 32(6):1273-1278 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | SA Al, Pb, Cd, tAs, Mn, Ni, V, Si, Ba occurrence in Fifty-seven samples covering 19 different brands purchased in Turabah province, Saudi Arabia: 3 brands of infant formula (including… (n=57) |
| 13 | Houlihan et al. 2019. What’s in My Baby’s Food? A National Investigation Finds 95 Percent of Baby Foods Tested Contain Toxic Chemicals That Lower Babies’ IQ, Including Arsenic and Lead, Healthy Babies Bright Futures | 2019 | Nonprofit | US tAs, iAs, Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in 168 commercial baby food containers, 61 brands, 13 food types; purchased from 14 US metropolitan areas and 15… (n=168) |
| 14 | BfR 2018. EU maximum levels for cadmium in food for infants and young children sufficient - Exposure to lead should fundamentally be reduced to the achievable minimum, BfR Opinion No. 026/2018 | 2018 | Government report | DE/EU Cd, Pb occurrence in BfR assessment of German Federal Control Plan 2015 and Monitoring 2015 occurrence data for foods for infants and… (n=522) |
| 15 | Takanashi et al. 2018. Survey of Aluminium Content of Processed Food Using Baking Powder (2015–2016), Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi (Food Hygiene and Safety Science) | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | JP Al occurrence in Japanese confectionery, baked goods, flour-processed foods, and pre-mix powders distributed in Tokyo-area markets, 2015–2016; potentially containing aluminium-potassium-sulfate (alum)… (n=123) |
| 16 | Abebe et al. 2017. Assessment of essential and non-essential metals in popcorn and cornflake commercially available in Ethiopia, Chemistry International 3(3):268-276 | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | ET K, Na, Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd occurrence in Popcorn from 5 shops in an Addis Ababa open market (~200 g each, pooled to ~1 kg, traditionally… (n=8) |
| 17 | Khalil et al. 2017. Heavy Metals Toxicity: Estimation of Heavy Metals in Branded and Local Snacks Available in the Markets of Peshawar, Pakistan, Professional Medical Journal | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu occurrence in 96 snack samples (29 branded across 9 potato brands and 3 corn brands; 67 non-branded local snacks) collected… (n=96) |
| 18 | Stahl et al. 2017. Migration of aluminum from food contact materials to food - a health risk for consumers? Part I of III: exposure to aluminum, release of aluminum, tolerable weekly intake (TWI), toxicological effects of aluminum, study design, and methods, Environmental Sciences Europe | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | DE/EU Al occurrence in Hessian State Laboratory aluminum results for 1,825 foodstuff samples across 30 product groups, plus Part I study-design context… (n=1825) |
| 19 | Adegbola et al. 2015. Evaluation of some heavy metal contaminants in biscuits, fruit drinks, concentrates, candy, milk products and carbonated drinks sold in Ibadan, Nigeria, International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | NG Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd occurrence in Twelve sweet and milk-sweet brands, six biscuit brands, eleven fruit and flavoured concentrate brands, and five liquid drink… (n=34) |
| 20 | Baxter et al. 2015. Total Diet Study of metals and other elements in food, Food and Environment Research Agency report for the UK Food Standards Agency, Fera report 15/06, project FS102081 | 2015 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, iAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Mo, Ni, Pd, Pt, Sn, Tl, Zn occurrence in 3312 retail food samples from 24 UK locations, combined into 138 prepared-as-consumed food-category composites and 28 food-group composites (n=3312) |
| 21 | Solidum et al. 2013. Quantitative Analysis of Lead, Cadmium and Chromium in Different Brands of Junk Food Marketed in Metro Manila, Philippines, Advanced Materials Research | 2013 | Peer-reviewed | PH Pb, Cd, Cr occurrence in Thirty-six junk-food samples randomly selected from sari-sari stores in Metro Manila, Philippines, in June 2012. (n=36) |
| 22 | Zealand 2011. The 23rd Australian Total Diet Study, Food Standards Australia New Zealand | 2011 | Government report | AU/NZ Al, tAs, iAs, Cd, Pb, tHg, iHg, MeHg occurrence in Ninety-two Australian foods and beverages, including tap and bottled water, represented by 570 composite samples; each composite used… (n=570) |
| 23 | JECFA 2007. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants — Sixty-seventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, WHO Technical Report Series 940 (Sixty-seventh meeting of JECFA, Rome, 20-29 June 2006) | 2007 | Government report | international Al, MeHg, tHg occurrence in Aluminium: total dietary exposure derived from market-basket and duplicate-diet surveys in adults (France, Germany, UK, USA, China), Total… |
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| a4dcf15 | 2026-05-30 | autonomy: checkpoint [deterministic-phase] 2026-05-30T18-11-25Z |
| 743ed7c | 2026-05-30 | routing: fix product-index fan-out so coarse-slug evidence is surfaced |
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ae6c129 | 2026-07-01 | feat(auth): large login + role-based signup screens (design, burgundy) |