Infant Food General
Provisional scaffold. This page was created automatically on 2026-05-17 so that an ingested source could route to it. The HMTc taxonomy row, clean/contaminated pairing, primary metals of concern, and detailed scope have not yet been locked. Content below is minimal until a synthesis pass or taxonomy review consolidates the literature for this product class.
Reason: heal-gaps: routing_unresolved entry from source research2024-research-b declared product/infant-food-general, no close-slug match
Literature scope
The literature corpus for this product class is currently thin. Sources route here as ingest proceeds; once enough sources accumulate, the synthesis pass will populate the Literature Evidence Summary, Source Evidence Inventory, and downstream sections per CLAUDE.md Part 6.
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The “Used on this page for” column is populated by the orchestrator’s POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bzikowska-Jura et al. 2024. Essential and non-essential element concentrations in human milk samples and the assessment of infants’ exposure, Scientific Reports 14:8140 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PL Al, tAs, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, tHg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl, Th, U, V occurrence in Thirty human-milk samples from exclusively breastfeeding mothers in Warsaw, Poland, collected 4-6 weeks postpartum (n=30) |
| 2 | Vincevica-Gaile et al. 2024. Total Concentration of Arsenic in Commercial Infant/Toddler Food: A Preliminary Study in Libya, BIO Web of Conferences | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | LY tAs occurrence in Commercial infant/toddler foods purchased in supermarkets in Sabha, Tripoli, and Benghazi, Libya. (n=36) |
| 3 | Amarh et al. 2023. Health risk assessment of some selected heavy metals in infant food sold in Wa, Ghana, Heliyon | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | GH tAs, Cd, Cr, tHg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb occurrence in Locally and internationally produced infant formula and baby-food samples sold in Wa, Ghana (n=22) |
| 4 | Y-C et al. 2023. Health Risk of Infants Exposed to Lead and Mercury Through Breastfeeding, Exposure and Health | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | TW Pb, tHg occurrence in donor milk from a Taiwanese human milk bank |
| 5 | Mansouri et al. 2023. The effects of active and passive smoking on selected trace element levels in human milk, Scientific Reports 13:20756 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | IR Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, tAs, Cd, Cr, tHg, Ni, Pb occurrence in One hundred breast-milk samples from lactating women in Kermanshah, western Iran, grouped as passive smokers, active smokers, and… (n=100) |
| 6 | Mielech et al. 2021. Assessment of the Risk of Contamination of Food for Infants and Toddlers, Nutrients | 2021 | Review | PL/NO/US Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg occurrence in Narrative literature review of 83 publications (2004–2021, mainly October 2020–March 2021 search window) on contaminants in foods for… |
| 7 | Depa 2019. Heavy Metals in Baby Foods and Cereal Products, Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | Pb, Cd occurrence in Baby foods and cereal products, including milk powder and cereal-based products (n=63) |
| 8 | Nassir et al. 2018. Determination of Nickel Concentration in the Breast Milk of Lactating Mothers Living In Hilla City, Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Ni occurrence in lactating mothers living in Hilla City, Iraq |
| 9 | BfR 2018. EU maximum levels for cadmium in food for infants and young children sufficient - Exposure to lead should fundamentally be reduced to the achievable minimum, BfR Opinion No. 026/2018 | 2018 | Government report | DE/EU Cd, Pb occurrence in BfR assessment of German Federal Control Plan 2015 and Monitoring 2015 occurrence data for foods for infants and… (n=522) |
| 10 | De et al. 2017. Occurrence of cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic in prepared meals in Italy: Potential relevance for intake assessment, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | IT Cd, Pb, tHg, tAs occurrence in Seventeen pooled prepared-meal composites collected from Italian baby food, school canteen, office canteen, fast food, duplicate-portion, vegetarian, and… (n=17) |
| 11 | Klein et al. 2017. Concentrations of trace elements in human milk: Comparisons among women in Argentina, Namibia, Poland, and the United States, PLOS ONE | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | AR/NA/PL Pb, tAs occurrence in lactating mothers from Argentina, Namibia, Poland, and the United States (n=70) |
| 12 | EFSA 2015. Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of nickel in food and drinking water, EFSA Journal 2015;13(2):4002, 202 pp. | 2015 | Government report | EU Ni occurrence in 18,885 food samples and 25,700 drinking water samples (final dataset after exclusions) submitted to EFSA from 15 European… (n=18885) |
| 13 | FSA 2014. Survey of metals and other elements in commercial infant foods, infant formula and non-infant specific foods, Food Standards Agency report | 2014 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, iAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn occurrence in Forty-seven infant formula samples, 200 commercial infant foods, and 50 composite ‘other foods’ samples purchased from UK retail… (n=297) |
| 14 | EFSA 2012. Cadmium dietary exposure in the European population, EFSA Journal 2012;10(1):2551 | 2012 | Government report | EU Cd occurrence in Cadmium occurrence results in food submitted to EFSA from 22 EU Member States, 3 European Economic Area or… (n=178541) |
| 15 | Meharg et al. 2008. Levels of arsenic in rice - literature review, Food Standards Agency contract C101045 | 2008 | Government report | UK tAs, iAs occurrence in Food Standards Agency-commissioned literature review and secondary tabulation of published, FSA, and University of Aberdeen rice arsenic data,… |
| 16 | Committee on Toxicity of 2003. COT statement on a survey of metals in infant food, Committee on Toxicity statement | 2003 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn occurrence in Commercial UK baby foods and formulae, including infant formulae, manufactured baby foods, desserts, rusks, and infant drinks, surveyed… (n=189) |
| 17 | Dabeka et al. 2003. Survey of total mercury in total diet food composites and an estimation of the dietary intake of mercury by adults and children from two Canadian cities, 1998-2000, Food Additives & Contaminants | 2003 | Peer-reviewed | CA tHg occurrence in Total mercury in 259 total-diet food composites prepared from retail foods purchased in Whitehorse in January-February 1998 and… (n=259) |
Who this page is for
This provisional page is for broad infant-food evidence that does not yet resolve into a locked HMTc product row. Brand legal and retailer readers should treat it as context for exposure pathways, not as a finished-food benchmark. HMTc staff should use it to preserve routed evidence while separating formula, fish-containing baby foods, rice-based foods, and other child diet components before standards use.
Methodology
Literature Evidence Summary
Pending: regenerated by tools/evidence/apply-product-hmtc-evidence-summaries.mjs once sources route and the pooling engine emits aggregate rows for this product category.
Source Evidence Inventory
Broad Product Context: Author-Scope Index
Pending: regenerated by tools/evidence/apply-product-broad-context.mjs once broad-scope sources route to this page.
Federal/Regulatory Limits vs Field Findings
Pending: regenerated by tools/apply-product-crosswalk-sections.mjs once applicable_regulations are identified and field-finding evidence is pooled.
Levers to reduce contamination
The main control lever suggested by the current evidence is fish-species and seafood sourcing control for methylmercury in foods consumed by young children. Product programs should distinguish fish-containing baby foods from formula, cereal, puree, and mixed-meal rows, because the exposure driver is dietary fish/seafood pattern rather than a generic infant-food signal. Regional diet context matters: Japanese child exposure may be higher than Western cohorts because fish consumption patterns differ, so market-specific assumptions should be preserved.
How standards math uses this page
The percentile arithmetic that informs HMTc thresholds for this product category lives on the staff Standards Workbench (data/workbench/standards/<this-slug>.md). This public page reports literature evidence; the workbench applies the methodology in CLAUDE.md Part 19. The gap between literature evidence and HMTc thresholds is named honestly on the workbench, not hidden.
Historical recalls and enforcement
No enforcement or recall synthesis has been promoted for this broad infant-food page. The current source compares intake to reference-dose and tolerable-weekly-intake benchmarks, but it is not a recall dataset and does not identify a finished-product violation. Future enforcement summaries should be assigned to locked rows once product form and jurisdiction are clear.
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ae6c129 | 2026-07-01 | feat(auth): large login + role-based signup screens (design, burgundy) |