Lin et al. 2023 - Lead and mercury in donor human milk
Lin and colleagues measured lead and mercury in donor human milk and estimated infant health risk. The study is routeable for human-milk exposure evidence because it reports breast-milk Pb and Hg concentrations and evaluates donor characteristics and dietary predictors. It is a human milk bank source, not formula or dairy-market evidence.
Key numbers
- The abstract reports average breast-milk Pb of 6.49 +/- 5.23 µg/L.
- The results text reports a higher mean Pb level in one donor subgroup: 10.30 µg/L versus 5.49 µg/L.
- Cosmetic and lipstick use were associated with higher average Pb levels in the extracted text, with values reported around 9.43, 9.23, and 10.90 µg/L for relevant comparisons.
- The authors calculated EDI and hazard quotient for Pb using EFSA BMDL01 and for Hg using a WHO weekly intake reference.
Methods (brief)
Donor human milk was analyzed for Pb and Hg, with infant intake risk estimated from measured milk concentrations. Hg is total mercury unless otherwise specified by the source.
Implications
Certification: Exposure-context evidence for human milk only.
Courses: Useful for showing how donor-milk concentration data can be translated into infant exposure estimates.
App: Can support human-milk exposure context with Taiwan-specific caveats.
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Verification notes
The source discusses cosmetic use as a predictor of donor milk lead; this is not brand-level cosmetics evidence and should not be routed as a cosmetic product occurrence source.
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 0edf3ce | 2026-05-29 | ingest auto-fetched 2026-05-29 0000 batch 2: 10 source pages |