Provisional scaffold. This page was created automatically on 2026-05-19 so that an ingested source could route to it. Aliases, category, and the contamination profile have not yet been populated. Content below is minimal until a synthesis pass consolidates the literature for this ingredient.
Reason: heal-gaps: routing_unresolved entry from source su2020-infant-formula-china-toxic-elements declared ingredient/infant-formula, no close-slug match
Triggering source: Content and Dietary Exposure Assessment of Toxic Elements in Infant Formulas from the Chinese Market
Literature scope
The literature corpus for this ingredient is currently thin. Sources route here as ingest proceeds; once enough sources accumulate per the Part 9 synthesis trigger (n_studies ≥ 2 per metal), the synthesis pass will populate the contamination profile.
References
Works cited in this page’s text, in first-appearance order. See Sources for this page’s source inventory. Each title links to its source record, which carries the ingest receipt, the extracted values, and the file hash of the document it was built from.
- Content and Dietary Exposure Assessment of Toxic Elements in Infant Formulas from the Chinese MarketPeer-reviewed
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The "Used on this page for" column is populated by the orchestrator's POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | FDA 2026. Analytical Results for Toxic Elements in Infant Formula, FY2023-FY2025 Special Survey, FDA analytical results table | 2026 | Government dataset | US tAs, Pb, Cd, tHg occurrence in FDA special survey infant formula samples tested in FY2023-FY2025 (n=312) |
| 2 | Mumtaz et al. 2025. Occurrence and Risk Evaluation of Trace Metals in Infant Nutrition Sources in Rural and Urban Multan, Pakistan, Food and Nutrition Insights | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Fe occurrence in infant nutrition sources from rural and urban Multan, Pakistan |
| 3 | Spungen et al. 2024. Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd concentrations |
| 4 | Ouyang et al. 2022. Early Life Microbiota — Impact of Delivery Mode and Infant Feeding, Comprehensive Gut Microbiota, Volume 2 (Elsevier), Chapter 2.03, pp. 25-38 | 2022 | Review | Cited reference from Comprehensive Gut Microbiota, Volume 2 (Elsevier), Chapter 2.03, pp. 25-38 |
| 5 | Saraiva et al. 2021. Chromium speciation analysis in raw and cooked milk and meat samples by species-specific isotope dilution and HPLC-ICP-MS, Food Additives & Contaminants Part A 38(2):304-314 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | FR/DK Cr-VI, Cr-III, Cr-total occurrence in Three sample types × 10 samples each: infant formula milk (n=10), semi-skimmed milk (n=10), bovine meat including chorizo… (n=30) |
| 6 | Elsheikh et al. 2020. Evaluation of Some Toxic and Essential Trace Elements in Children Foods and Infant Formulae by Using ICP-OES, Asian Journal of Chemistry 32(6):1273-1278 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | SA Al, Pb, Cd, tAs, Mn, Ni, V, Si, Ba occurrence in Fifty-seven samples covering 19 different brands purchased in Turabah province, Saudi Arabia: 3 brands of infant formula (including… (n=57) |
| 7 | FSA 2016. Survey of metals in commercial infant foods, infant formula and non-infant specific foods, UK Food Standards Agency report FS102048 | 2016 | Government report | UK Al, Sb, tAs, iAs, Cd, Cr, Cu, I, Fe, Pb, Mn, tHg, Ni, Se, Sn, Zn concentrations |
| 8 | Lo et al. 2015. Simultaneous Determination of As, Cu, Cr, Se, Sn, Cd, Sb and Pb Levels in Infant Formulas by ICP-MS after Microwave-Assisted Digestion: Method Validation, Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | IT tAs, Cr, Sn, Cd, Pb, Sb occurrence in infant formula samples analyzed during ICP-MS method validation |
| 9 | Lutfullah et al. 2014. Comparative study of heavy metals in dried and fluid milk in Peshawar by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, The Scientific World Journal | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn occurrence in Dried infant formula, powdered milk, fresh milk, and processed milk purchased in Peshawar, Pakistan (n=46) |
| 10 | Sipahi et al. 2014. Safety assessment of essential and toxic metals in infant formulas, The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 56(4):385-391 | 2014 | Peer-reviewed | TR Pb, Cd, Al, Mn, Cr, Co occurrence in Sixty-three different infant foods and formulas from 21 manufacturers acquired in pharmacies and supermarkets in Ankara, Turkey, in… (n=63) |
| 11 | Pandelova et al. 2012. Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn contents in baby foods from the EU market: Comparison of assessed infant intakes with the present safety limits for minerals and trace elements, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | EU/FR/DE Cd, tHg, Ni, Pb, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn concentrations |
| 12 | Dabeka et al. 1987. Lead, cadmium, and fluoride levels in market milk and infant formulas in Canada, Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists 70(4):754-757 | 1987 | Study | CA Pb, Cd concentrations |
| 13 | Kirkpatrick et al. 1980. The Trace Element Content of Canadian Baby Foods and Estimation of Trace Element Intake by Infants, Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal 13(4):154-161 | 1980 | Peer-reviewed | CA Cd, Cr-total, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn occurrence in Canadian national survey, 1975 sample collection. 306 unique products requested from all manufacturers of baby foods, formulae, and… (n=330) |
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 6fce7c6 | 2026-05-20 | autonomy: daemon tick 2026-05-20T07-41-59Z — gap-healing + extraction + pooling + briefings |
| 3484bf1 | 2026-05-19 | autonomy: daemon tick 2026-05-19T19-35-00Z — gap-healing + extraction + pooling + briefings |
Update history
No substantive edit history is available in this build. The full commit record is available in git.