Frozen peas in the HMI library has 37 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, uranium, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V, B, Ba, Ca, Mg and Mo from 4 sources.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →3Determination of Some Elements in Canned and Frozen Vegetables Sold in Balıkesir (Türkiye) Markets and Nutritional AssessmentAdıyaman University Journal of Science (ADYU J SCI) 12(2), 230-243Read source →4Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →
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Metals measured:
Lead, cadmium, total arsenic, total mercury, nickel and chromium and others, in 37 results from 4 sources.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →3Determination of Some Elements in Canned and Frozen Vegetables Sold in Balıkesir (Türkiye) Markets and Nutritional AssessmentAdıyaman University Journal of Science (ADYU J SCI) 12(2), 230-243Read source →4Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →
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Main drivers:
Form, basis and where the frozen peas was sampled; reporting limits decide how many results are non-detects.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →3Determination of Some Elements in Canned and Frozen Vegetables Sold in Balıkesir (Türkiye) Markets and Nutritional AssessmentAdıyaman University Journal of Science (ADYU J SCI) 12(2), 230-243Read source →4Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →
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Practical framing:
Ask for lot results with a quantification limit well below the limit that applies in the destination market.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →3Determination of Some Elements in Canned and Frozen Vegetables Sold in Balıkesir (Türkiye) Markets and Nutritional AssessmentAdıyaman University Journal of Science (ADYU J SCI) 12(2), 230-243Read source →4Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →
Frozen peas overview
Frozen peas in the HMI library has 37 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, uranium, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V, B, Ba, Ca, Mg and Mo from 4 sources.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →3Determination of Some Elements in Canned and Frozen Vegetables Sold in Balıkesir (Türkiye) Markets and Nutritional AssessmentAdıyaman University Journal of Science (ADYU J SCI) 12(2), 230-243Read source →4Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source → WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in frozen peas, as sold from 90 results in 2 reporting regions, with a subgroup median of 3.45 µg/kg.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source → In the US Total Diet Study, frozen peas, cooked had a median lead result below 4 µg/kg across 3 composites from 2018–2020.2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →
Spungen et al. 2024 reported cadmium at 1.7 µg/kg (mean) in frozen peas, cooked from all samples.4Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →
For a buyer the practical points are the form bought, the basis a result is reported on, where the frozen peas came from and the laboratory’s reporting limit. Testing finds contamination but does not remove it.
What counts as frozen peas
This page covers frozen peas in 3 forms kept separate in every comparison: frozen peas, frozen (16 results), frozen peas, as sold (12 results) and frozen peas, cooked (9 results).1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →3Determination of Some Elements in Canned and Frozen Vegetables Sold in Balıkesir (Türkiye) Markets and Nutritional AssessmentAdıyaman University Journal of Science (ADYU J SCI) 12(2), 230-243Read source →4Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →
Results stay on the basis each source reports: as sold or fresh weight, dry weight, or unstated. Dry-weight, as-sold and unstated results are never pooled, and no moisture conversion is applied.
Heavy metal contamination profile of frozen peas
The table holds every extracted frozen peas result: one row for each statistic a source reports for a form, group and metal, 37 rows in all, grouped by metal and form; percentiles, ranges and maxima for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →3Determination of Some Elements in Canned and Frozen Vegetables Sold in Balıkesir (Türkiye) Markets and Nutritional AssessmentAdıyaman University Journal of Science (ADYU J SCI) 12(2), 230-243Read source →4Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source → Monitoring medians are HMI calculations from individual submissions; non-detects remain intervals between zero and the reporting limit and are never read as zero.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →
1 row can be rated against an HMI reference for the same form and basis, 0 rows have a direct same-study comparison, and the rest stay unrated with the reason recorded.
Comparison methods and scope
Each row is one statistic a source reports for one form of frozen peas, group and metal; percentiles, ranges and maxima reported for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row. Different forms and preparation states are kept apart, and dry-weight results never share a reference with as-sold or fresh-weight results. Ratings place a result against an HMI reference built from monitoring results and ordinary-setting medians for the same form and basis. Same-study contrasts compare a contaminated or treated site with its control, targeted with random sampling, a prepared form with the unprocessed one, or one group of a study with the median of its other groups. Held rows failed a check against their own source and are shown but not compared.
First displayed analyte: Lead: 8 findings from 4 sources. Each row retains its statistic and measurement basis.
Filter findings
37 of 37 findings · 19 analytes
About this table
| Food form | Collection scope | Finding (µg/kg) | Comparison | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, frozenTokay 2022 | retail sample 1, local supermarkets, BalikesirCollection date unreported | sample value. | ||
5 findings · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | PAHO2014–2016 | median. | ||
| Frozen peas, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | PAHO2000–2016 | median. | ||
| Frozen peas, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | PAHO2006–2017 | median. | ||
| Frozen peas, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | WPRO2014 | median. | ||
| Frozen peas, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | WPRO2001–2008 | median. | ||
2 findings · 2 studies | ||||
| Frozen peas, cookedFDA Total Diet Study | 1 collection regions2018–2020 | median. | ||
| Frozen peas, cookedSpungen et al. 2024 | all samples2018–2020 | not detected. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, frozenTokay 2022 | retail sample 1, local supermarkets, BalikesirCollection date unreported | not detected. | ||
3 findings · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | PAHO2003–2017 | median. | ||
| Frozen peas, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | WPRO2014 | median. | ||
| Frozen peas, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | WPRO2001–2008 | median. | ||
2 findings · 2 studies | ||||
| Frozen peas, cookedFDA Total Diet Study | 1 collection regions2018–2020 | median. | ||
| Frozen peas, cookedSpungen et al. 2024 | all samples2018–2020 | mean. | ||
2 findings · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | WPRO2014 | median. | ||
| Frozen peas, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | WPRO2001–2008 | median. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, cookedFDA Total Diet Study | 1 collection regions2018–2020 | median. | ||
2 findings · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | WPRO2014 | median. | ||
| Frozen peas, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | WPRO2001–2008 | median. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, cookedFDA Total Diet Study | 1 collection regions2018–2020 | median. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, frozenTokay 2022 | retail sample 1, local supermarkets, BalikesirCollection date unreported | sample value. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, cookedFDA Total Diet Study | 1 collection regions2018–2020 | median. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, frozenTokay 2022 | retail sample 1, local supermarkets, BalikesirCollection date unreported | not detected. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, cookedFDA Total Diet Study | 1 collection regions2018–2020 | median. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, frozenTokay 2022 | retail sample 1, local supermarkets, BalikesirCollection date unreported | sample value. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, cookedFDA Total Diet Study | 1 collection regions2018–2020 | median. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, frozenTokay 2022 | retail sample 1, local supermarkets, BalikesirCollection date unreported | not detected. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, frozenTokay 2022 | retail sample 1, local supermarkets, BalikesirCollection date unreported | sample value. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, frozenTokay 2022 | retail sample 1, local supermarkets, BalikesirCollection date unreported | sample value. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, frozenTokay 2022 | retail sample 1, local supermarkets, BalikesirCollection date unreported | sample value. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, frozenTokay 2022 | retail sample 1, local supermarkets, BalikesirCollection date unreported | sample value. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, frozenTokay 2022 | retail sample 1, local supermarkets, BalikesirCollection date unreported | not detected. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, frozenTokay 2022 | retail sample 1, local supermarkets, BalikesirCollection date unreported | sample value. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, frozenTokay 2022 | retail sample 1, local supermarkets, BalikesirCollection date unreported | sample value. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, frozenTokay 2022 | retail sample 1, local supermarkets, BalikesirCollection date unreported | sample value. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, frozenTokay 2022 | retail sample 1, local supermarkets, BalikesirCollection date unreported | sample value. | ||
1 finding · 1 study | ||||
| Frozen peas, frozenTokay 2022 | retail sample 1, local supermarkets, BalikesirCollection date unreported | sample value. | ||
Shared dataset methods and interpretation
Source summaries retain their original statistic, material, basis and censoring. Each source drawer identifies methods and overlapping samples. No matched reference or pooled distribution is inferred.
HMI frozen peas Pb reference · Frozen peas, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Pb reference · Frozen peas, frozen. Frozen peas, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 1300 | 1300 | 1300 |
| Alternative weighting | 1300 | 1300 | 1300 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Tokay 2022 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Tokay 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, frozen on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-d81475d8009d:c271dc8d6250
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Pb reference · Frozen peas, as sold
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Pb reference · Frozen peas, as sold. Frozen peas, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤3.75 | ≤7 | ≤7 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤7 | ≤7 | ≤7 |
22 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| WHO GEMS/Food | 22 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, as sold on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-87a77cc73a87:ac07f587316c
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Pb reference · Frozen peas, cooked
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Pb reference · Frozen peas, cooked. Frozen peas, cooked; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤4 | ≤4 | ≤4 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤4 | ≤4 | ≤4 |
4 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| FDA Total Diet Study | 3 | 50% |
| Spungen et al. 2024 | 1 | 50% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, cooked on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-493e1134a635:06c90c164cec
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Cd reference · Frozen peas, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Cd reference · Frozen peas, frozen. Frozen peas, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤52.4 | ≤52.4 | ≤52.4 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤52.4 | ≤52.4 | ≤52.4 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Tokay 2022 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Tokay 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, frozen on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-4b966a6e5098:0879b87bb742
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Cd reference · Frozen peas, as sold
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Cd reference · Frozen peas, as sold. Frozen peas, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 0.75–2 (bounded) | 1.25–2 (bounded) | 2.5–3.5 (bounded) |
| Alternative weighting | 0.75–2 (bounded) | 1.25–2 (bounded) | 2.5–3.5 (bounded) |
16 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| WHO GEMS/Food | 16 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, as sold on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-268a52719a70:37b440bb64cb
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Cd reference · Frozen peas, cooked
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Cd reference · Frozen peas, cooked. Frozen peas, cooked; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤1 | 1.5 | 3.2 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤1 | 1.5 | 3.2 |
3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| FDA Total Diet Study | 3 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, cooked on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, cooked on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-f8b7964f1f34:ddd3c6809c2c
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas tAs reference · Frozen peas, as sold
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas tAs reference · Frozen peas, as sold. Frozen peas, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤5 | ≤5 | ≤5 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤5 | ≤5 | ≤5 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| WHO GEMS/Food | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, as sold on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-bf92ef19f0b4:2bdd4d524cb7
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas tAs reference · Frozen peas, cooked
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas tAs reference · Frozen peas, cooked. Frozen peas, cooked; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤3 | ≤3 | ≤3 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤3 | ≤3 | ≤3 |
3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| FDA Total Diet Study | 3 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, cooked on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, cooked on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-e02844959948:fcba9a2157a1
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas tHg reference · Frozen peas, as sold
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas tHg reference · Frozen peas, as sold. Frozen peas, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤5 | ≤5 | ≤5 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤5 | ≤5 | ≤5 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| WHO GEMS/Food | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, as sold on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-b788de939070:1b11e88a8308
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas tHg reference · Frozen peas, cooked
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas tHg reference · Frozen peas, cooked. Frozen peas, cooked; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤1 | ≤1 | ≤1 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤1 | ≤1 | ≤1 |
3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| FDA Total Diet Study | 3 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, cooked on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, cooked on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-4b4d920f1276:c2ba5cda0416
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Ni reference · Frozen peas, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Ni reference · Frozen peas, frozen. Frozen peas, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 1860 | 1860 | 1860 |
| Alternative weighting | 1860 | 1860 | 1860 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Tokay 2022 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Tokay 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, frozen on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-337935efca05:7f26b49f36e1
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Ni reference · Frozen peas, cooked
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Ni reference · Frozen peas, cooked. Frozen peas, cooked; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤40 | 76 | 170 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤40 | 76 | 170 |
3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| FDA Total Diet Study | 3 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, cooked on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, cooked on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-566bf054949e:6742bd7eca64
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Cr reference · Frozen peas, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Cr reference · Frozen peas, frozen. Frozen peas, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤80 | ≤80 | ≤80 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤80 | ≤80 | ≤80 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Tokay 2022 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Tokay 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, frozen on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-10efcf4124d3:6ae4f400f6ac
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Cr reference · Frozen peas, cooked
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Cr reference · Frozen peas, cooked. Frozen peas, cooked; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤50 | ≤50 | ≤50 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤50 | ≤50 | ≤50 |
3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| FDA Total Diet Study | 3 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, cooked on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, cooked on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-201588273c88:c410b6881976
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Al reference · Frozen peas, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Al reference · Frozen peas, frozen. Frozen peas, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 1740 | 1740 | 1740 |
| Alternative weighting | 1740 | 1740 | 1740 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Tokay 2022 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Tokay 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, frozen on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-688aec56bdfd:621ce418f622
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas U reference · Frozen peas, cooked
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas U reference · Frozen peas, cooked. Frozen peas, cooked; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤1 | ≤1 | 1.7 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤1 | ≤1 | 1.7 |
3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| FDA Total Diet Study | 3 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, cooked on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, cooked on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-b1a468ba66af:692f18be221f
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Co reference · Frozen peas, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Co reference · Frozen peas, frozen. Frozen peas, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤135 | ≤135 | ≤135 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤135 | ≤135 | ≤135 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Tokay 2022 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Tokay 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, frozen on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-7e8bc6c92eed:aa72efcc7a6b
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Cu reference · Frozen peas, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Cu reference · Frozen peas, frozen. Frozen peas, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 5310 | 5310 | 5310 |
| Alternative weighting | 5310 | 5310 | 5310 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Tokay 2022 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Tokay 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, frozen on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-1033b518a2e0:0a70cad41481
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Fe reference · Frozen peas, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Fe reference · Frozen peas, frozen. Frozen peas, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 21000 | 21000 | 21000 |
| Alternative weighting | 21000 | 21000 | 21000 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Tokay 2022 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Tokay 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, frozen on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-fd0b765ff3fc:a933c75daa8d
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Mn reference · Frozen peas, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Mn reference · Frozen peas, frozen. Frozen peas, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 4290 | 4290 | 4290 |
| Alternative weighting | 4290 | 4290 | 4290 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Tokay 2022 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Tokay 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, frozen on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-8af4dbfbc3c3:0d1f3e7e2d51
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Zn reference · Frozen peas, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Zn reference · Frozen peas, frozen. Frozen peas, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 8280 | 8280 | 8280 |
| Alternative weighting | 8280 | 8280 | 8280 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Tokay 2022 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Tokay 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, frozen on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-02f6497db297:1504f5aa8449
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas V reference · Frozen peas, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas V reference · Frozen peas, frozen. Frozen peas, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤64.1 | ≤64.1 | ≤64.1 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤64.1 | ≤64.1 | ≤64.1 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Tokay 2022 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Tokay 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, frozen on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-93916657232a:8c8a8990f6bc
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas B reference · Frozen peas, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas B reference · Frozen peas, frozen. Frozen peas, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 7560 | 7560 | 7560 |
| Alternative weighting | 7560 | 7560 | 7560 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Tokay 2022 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Tokay 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, frozen on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-21173c4e8af2:0db955ddd2a3
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Ba reference · Frozen peas, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Ba reference · Frozen peas, frozen. Frozen peas, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 900 | 900 | 900 |
| Alternative weighting | 900 | 900 | 900 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Tokay 2022 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Tokay 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, frozen on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-49eaa2e800d8:3c288929ee06
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Ca reference · Frozen peas, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Ca reference · Frozen peas, frozen. Frozen peas, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 426000 | 426000 | 426000 |
| Alternative weighting | 426000 | 426000 | 426000 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Tokay 2022 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Tokay 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, frozen on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-6cad718f812f:8944496ef54e
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Mg reference · Frozen peas, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Mg reference · Frozen peas, frozen. Frozen peas, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 445000 | 445000 | 445000 |
| Alternative weighting | 445000 | 445000 | 445000 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Tokay 2022 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Tokay 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, frozen on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-02d4c79ea64e:65b53f709aae
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI frozen peas Mo reference · Frozen peas, frozen
Reference and scope
HMI frozen peas Mo reference · Frozen peas, frozen. Frozen peas, frozen; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 970 | 970 | 970 |
| Alternative weighting | 970 | 970 | 970 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Tokay 2022 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for frozen peas, frozen on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Tokay 2022 is the only compatible sampling family for frozen peas, frozen on this basis in the completed frozen peas ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:frozen-peas-ebd7d8382e26:2e8382c250e5
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
The result is below a reporting limit, and the range from zero to that limit crosses more than one band.
The HMI reference for this form has fewer than four units or no measurable spread, below the display minimum.
Reporting limits overlap the study comparison, so no direction can be shown.
No findings match these filters. Change the selection or reset to show all source findings.
How metals reach frozen peas
Peas (Pisum sativum L.) take up cadmium, lead, nickel, and chromium from soil through root absorption, with subsequent translocation to stems and leaves. Five studies involving experimentally contaminated substrates document these pathways in Pisum sativum.
Cadmium enters pea roots from soil and translocates to leaves in a dose-dependent manner. A field experiment in Faisalabad, Pakistan, applied cadmium as CdCl2 at soil concentrations of 120 and 240 mg/kg and measured cadmium (Cd) accumulation in roots and leaves by ICP-MS. Leaf Cd content increased by approximately 58% above control at 120 mg/kg soil Cd and by approximately 78% above control at 240 mg/kg soil Cd. Root Cd increased by approximately 64% and 81% at the same doses. At both doses, Cd stress significantly reduced leaf concentrations of nitrogen (31-142% below control), iron (51-135%), zinc (37-123%), potassium (31-80%), and magnesium (25-86%), indicating competitive interference with essential micronutrient uptake.5Microbial intervention by Acinetobacter schindleri SR-5-1 alleviates cadmium toxicity in pea cultivationPlant Signaling and BehaviorRead source → A hydroponic study confirmed cadmium uptake by pea roots and translocation to leaves: at 9 uM CdCl2 (approximately 1 mg/L) applied for 12 days, roots accumulated approximately 120 mg/kg Cd; leaf Cd was lower. Silica nanoparticle co-treatment reduced leaf Cd by 67.88% and root Cd by 22.24% relative to Cd-only plants, indicating that root absorption can be partially suppressed by silica binding.6Silica nanoparticles alleviate cadmium toxicity to Pisum sativum L. seedling growth by remodeling carbon-nitrogen metabolismFrontiers in Plant ScienceRead source →
Chromium applied to soil also enters pea roots and accumulates in shoot tissue. A pot experiment in Faisalabad applied 100 uM chromium (Cr) (approximately 5.2 mg/L) as CrCl3 and measured Cr in soil, shoot, and grain by atomic absorption spectrometry. Soil, shoot, and grain Cr increased 69.4% (Supreme variety) and 44.5% (Meteor variety) above control. Chromium stress also disrupted ionic balance: shoot K+ decreased 39.4-39.7% and shoot Ca2+ decreased 33.1-39.8% relative to control, while shoot Na+ increased 60.9-67.1%.7Mitigating chromium stress on pea (Pisum sativum L.) by foliar application of trehaloseBMC Plant BiologyRead source →
Pea plants respond to nickel and lead through antioxidant defense and metal chelation gene pathways. A greenhouse study in Rize, Turkiye, exposed three forage pea cultivars (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense) to nickel sulphate (20 and 40 mg/L) and lead acetate trihydrate (20 and 40 mg/L). Expression of APX (ascorbate peroxidase), CAT (catalase), MT (metallothionein), and PCS (phytochelatin synthase) genes was measured by qRT-PCR. At 40 mg/L lead acetate trihydrate, APX expression in the Kirazli cultivar reached approximately 43-fold above control. MT expression in Kurtbey reached approximately 8.7-fold above control at 20 mg/L lead. These responses indicate the plant is sequestering metal ions intracellularly via phytochelatins and scavenging reactive oxygen species. Lead acetate trihydrate at 20 mg/L reduced mean plant height from 46.88 cm to 39.66 cm (p less than 0.05), confirming phytotoxicity at the applied dose. ANOVA found significant APX gene expression differences attributable to heavy metal treatment (p = 0.0472).8Effects of nickel sulphate and lead acetate trihydrate on heavy metal stress-related gene activities in forage pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.) in TurkiyeFrontiers in Plant ScienceRead source →
Copper enters pea seedling roots and distributes to stems and leaves. In a greenhouse study measuring copper in soil-cultivated pea seedling tissues, root Cu ranged from 0.392 to 0.552 mg/kg without added Cu and increased to 0.462 to 0.649 mg/kg with 10 mg/L Cu addition in the substrate. Stem and leaf Cu concentrations were similarly elevated by Cu addition. This study used a pesticide co-exposure design; the Cu tissue concentrations are reported from ICP-MS on fresh tissue samples.9Effect of copper and cultivation condition on the transport, metabolism, and potential risk of tolfenpyrad in pea seedlings (Pisum sativum Linn.)iScienceRead source →
All five studies used experimentally elevated metal concentrations (soil Cd 120-240 mg/kg, Cr 100 uM, nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) 20-40 mg/L solution, Cu 10 mg/L addition). These are stress physiology experiments, not food surveys. The concentration levels applied substantially exceed typical agricultural soil background levels for most of these metals. The experiments document that the uptake pathway is active and that metals do translocate from roots to shoot tissue; they do not provide finished-food concentrations for frozen peas sold commercially.
Which forms and regions measured lower
The HMI reference for lead in frozen peas, cooked pools 4 subgroup units from 2 sampling families, with a median of below 4 µg/kg and a middle half spanning below 4 (lower quartile) and below 4 µg/kg (upper quartile).2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →4Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source → For lead in frozen peas, as sold, the reference median was below 7 µg/kg, with a middle half from below 3.75 to below 7 µg/kg across 22 units.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source → For cadmium in frozen peas, as sold, the reference median was between 1.25 and 2 µg/kg, with a middle half from between 0.75 and 2 to between 2.5 and 3.5 µg/kg across 16 units.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →
Processing, cooking and preparation
No processing study for metals in this food is in the library yet.
Mitigation for frozen peas
Lot testing against the applicable limit is the check that can be verified.
Two categories of pre-harvest intervention have been evaluated in Pisum sativum experiments using experimentally elevated metal concentrations. Both are pathway-stage interventions; neither has been validated under commercial growing conditions.
Foliar application of trehalose reduced chromium accumulation in pea shoot and grain tissue. In a pot experiment applying 100 uM Cr (approximately 5.2 mg/L) to soil, trehalose sprayed at 10 mM concentration reduced shoot Cr by 31.6% in the Supreme variety and 22.3% in the Meteor variety relative to untreated Cr-stressed plants. Trehalose at 5 mM produced smaller reductions (7-18% in shoots). The intervention also partially restored the K+ and Ca2+ imbalances caused by Cr stress, with shoot K+ increasing 42.8-47.3% above the Cr-stressed control after 10 mM trehalose.7Mitigating chromium stress on pea (Pisum sativum L.) by foliar application of trehaloseBMC Plant BiologyRead source →
Rhizosphere bacterial inoculation reduced cadmium accumulation in pea leaves and roots. In a field experiment in Faisalabad applying CdCl2 at 120 and 240 mg/kg soil, inoculation with Acinetobacter schindleri SR-5-1 reduced leaf Cd content by approximately 7.21% at 120 mg/kg and 10.85% at 240 mg/kg, relative to non-inoculated stressed plants. The reductions are partial; at 240 mg/kg soil Cd, inoculated plants still accumulated substantially more Cd than control plants grown in uncontaminated soil.5Microbial intervention by Acinetobacter schindleri SR-5-1 alleviates cadmium toxicity in pea cultivationPlant Signaling and BehaviorRead source →
Silica nanoparticle co-treatment in a hydroponic study reduced leaf cadmium by 67.88% and root cadmium by 22.24% at 9 uM CdCl2. The mechanism appears to involve silica binding at the root surface, reducing initial Cd absorption before shoot translocation occurs.6Silica nanoparticles alleviate cadmium toxicity to Pisum sativum L. seedling growth by remodeling carbon-nitrogen metabolismFrontiers in Plant ScienceRead source →
No intervention study measured finished-food metal concentrations in commercially produced or frozen peas. The experiments document biologically plausible reduction mechanisms; regulatory or commercial application remains unvalidated.
Trade-offs and limits of controls
Metals do not move together, so a lot that passes a lead limit says little about cadmium, arsenic or nickel unless those are tested as well.
Testing frozen peas for metals
Results depend on the method and its reporting limit. Reporting limits for lead ranged from 2 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food) to 3,000 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source → Reporting limits for cadmium ranged from 1 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food) to 1,000 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source → Reporting limits for total arsenic ranged from 3 µg/kg (FDA Total Diet Study) to 5 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →
A useful lot result names the form, the basis and a quantification limit well below the limit that applies.
Buying and verifying frozen peas
No maximum level for metals in frozen peas was verified from primary text for this page; buyers should confirm the limit that applies in the destination market.
Exposure from frozen peas
No source in the library converted frozen peas concentrations into a verified estimate of intake for a defined population. Concentrations describe the food, not individual risk.
Evidence review and remaining gaps
Every source record that names frozen peas was decided on its content: 4 occurrence sources extracted, 9 records in all. Five additional sources document cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, and copper uptake pathways in Pisum sativum under experimentally elevated metal concentrations; these are classified as plant-uptake pathway context and are not entered into the occurrence table. The occurrence table renders every extracted result; held values remain visible with their reason.
References identify the sources used in these answers. The Sources index preserves additional discovery links; inclusion there does not mean a source has been reviewed for this assessment. Corrections, completed searches, new direct evidence and changes in requirements should reopen the relevant answer.
Frozen peas FAQs
What heavy metals are found in frozen peas?
The library reports lead, cadmium, total arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, uranium, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V, B, Ba, Ca, Mg and Mo in frozen peas, most often lead, cadmium and total arsenic.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →3Determination of Some Elements in Canned and Frozen Vegetables Sold in Balıkesir (Türkiye) Markets and Nutritional AssessmentAdıyaman University Journal of Science (ADYU J SCI) 12(2), 230-243Read source →4Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source → WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in frozen peas, as sold from 90 results in 2 reporting regions, with a subgroup median of 3.45 µg/kg.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →
References
Works cited on this page, in citation-number order. See Sources for this page’s source inventory. Each title links to a source record with bibliographic details, reported findings, and document provenance.
- GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsDataset
- FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsDataset
- Determination of Some Elements in Canned and Frozen Vegetables Sold in Balıkesir (Türkiye) Markets and Nutritional AssessmentPeer-reviewed
- Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Peer-reviewed
- Microbial intervention by Acinetobacter schindleri SR-5-1 alleviates cadmium toxicity in pea cultivationPeer-reviewed
- Silica nanoparticles alleviate cadmium toxicity to Pisum sativum L. seedling growth by remodeling carbon-nitrogen metabolismPeer-reviewed
- Mitigating chromium stress on pea (Pisum sativum L.) by foliar application of trehalosePeer-reviewed
- Effects of nickel sulphate and lead acetate trihydrate on heavy metal stress-related gene activities in forage pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.) in TurkiyePeer-reviewed
- Effect of copper and cultivation condition on the transport, metabolism, and potential risk of tolfenpyrad in pea seedlings (Pisum sativum Linn.)Peer-reviewed
Sources
Browse Frozen peas Sources for sources cited on this page and additional discovery candidates. The searchable index distinguishes verified citation use from discovery relationships whose relevance has not been established.
Update history
22 October 2026: Rebuilt from every frozen peas record in the library: 4 occurrence sources, references by form and basis, same-study contrasts.
7 November 2026: Evidence Fill HMI-TOPIC-0206. Added 5 plant-uptake pathway sources (Hashmat 2026, Yang 2025, Faryad 2026, Mesci 2025, Xiong 2026) covering cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, and copper uptake in Pisum sativum. Filled “How metals reach frozen peas” and “Mitigation for frozen peas” sections. Sources updated from 4 to 9.
