Butternut squash in the HMI library has 26 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic and total mercury from 3 sources.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2What’s in My Baby’s Food? A National Investigation Finds 95 Percent of Baby Foods Tested Contain Toxic Chemicals That Lower Babies’ IQ, Including Arsenic and LeadHealthy Babies Bright FuturesRead source →3Analytical Results for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Food Intended for Babies and Young Children - TEP (FY2009-FY2024)FDA analytical results tableRead source →
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Metals measured:
Lead, cadmium, total arsenic and total mercury, in 26 results from 3 sources.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2What’s in My Baby’s Food? A National Investigation Finds 95 Percent of Baby Foods Tested Contain Toxic Chemicals That Lower Babies’ IQ, Including Arsenic and LeadHealthy Babies Bright FuturesRead source →3Analytical Results for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Food Intended for Babies and Young Children - TEP (FY2009-FY2024)FDA analytical results tableRead source →
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Main drivers:
Form, basis and where the butternut squash was sampled; reporting limits decide how many results are non-detects.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2What’s in My Baby’s Food? A National Investigation Finds 95 Percent of Baby Foods Tested Contain Toxic Chemicals That Lower Babies’ IQ, Including Arsenic and LeadHealthy Babies Bright FuturesRead source →3Analytical Results for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Food Intended for Babies and Young Children - TEP (FY2009-FY2024)FDA analytical results tableRead source →
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Practical framing:
Ask for lot results with a quantification limit well below the limit that applies in the destination market.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2What’s in My Baby’s Food? A National Investigation Finds 95 Percent of Baby Foods Tested Contain Toxic Chemicals That Lower Babies’ IQ, Including Arsenic and LeadHealthy Babies Bright FuturesRead source →3Analytical Results for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Food Intended for Babies and Young Children - TEP (FY2009-FY2024)FDA analytical results tableRead source →
Butternut squash overview
Butternut squash in the HMI library has 26 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic and total mercury from 3 sources.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2What’s in My Baby’s Food? A National Investigation Finds 95 Percent of Baby Foods Tested Contain Toxic Chemicals That Lower Babies’ IQ, Including Arsenic and LeadHealthy Babies Bright FuturesRead source →3Analytical Results for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Food Intended for Babies and Young Children - TEP (FY2009-FY2024)FDA analytical results tableRead source → WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in butternut squash, as sold from 15 results in 1 reporting region, with a subgroup median of 2.2 µg/kg.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source → For total arsenic, GEMS/Food gave subgroup medians below 10 µg/kg, mostly non-detects from 1 result.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →
For a buyer the practical points are the form bought, the basis a result is reported on, where the butternut squash came from and the laboratory’s reporting limit. Testing finds contamination but does not remove it.
What counts as butternut squash
This page covers butternut squash, as sold (26 results).1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2What’s in My Baby’s Food? A National Investigation Finds 95 Percent of Baby Foods Tested Contain Toxic Chemicals That Lower Babies’ IQ, Including Arsenic and LeadHealthy Babies Bright FuturesRead source →3Analytical Results for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Food Intended for Babies and Young Children - TEP (FY2009-FY2024)FDA analytical results tableRead source →
Results stay on the basis each source reports: as sold or fresh weight, dry weight, or unstated. Dry-weight, as-sold and unstated results are never pooled, and no moisture conversion is applied.
Heavy metal contamination profile of butternut squash
The table holds every extracted butternut squash result: one row for each statistic a source reports for a form, group and metal, 26 rows in all, grouped by metal and form; percentiles, ranges and maxima for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2What’s in My Baby’s Food? A National Investigation Finds 95 Percent of Baby Foods Tested Contain Toxic Chemicals That Lower Babies’ IQ, Including Arsenic and LeadHealthy Babies Bright FuturesRead source →3Analytical Results for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Food Intended for Babies and Young Children - TEP (FY2009-FY2024)FDA analytical results tableRead source → Monitoring medians are HMI calculations from individual submissions; non-detects remain intervals between zero and the reporting limit and are never read as zero.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →
9 rows can be rated against an HMI reference for the same form and basis, 0 rows have a direct same-study comparison, and the rest stay unrated with the reason recorded.
Comparison methods and scope
Each row is one statistic a source reports for one form of butternut squash, group and metal; percentiles, ranges and maxima reported for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row. Different forms and preparation states are kept apart, and dry-weight results never share a reference with as-sold or fresh-weight results. Ratings place a result against an HMI reference built from monitoring results and ordinary-setting medians for the same form and basis. Same-study contrasts compare a contaminated or treated site with its control, targeted with random sampling, a prepared form with the unprocessed one, or one group of a study with the median of its other groups. Held rows failed a check against their own source and are shown but not compared.
First displayed analyte: Lead: 9 findings from 3 sources. Each row retains its statistic and measurement basis.
Filter findings
26 of 26 findings · 4 analytes
About this table
| Food form | Collection scope | Finding (µg/kg) | Comparison | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
9 findings · 3 studies | ||||
| Butternut squash, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | PAHO2013 | median. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | PAHO2019 | median. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | PAHO2014–2016 | median. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldHoulihan et al. 2019 | Vegetable2019 | sample value. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Mixtures, FY20222009–2024 | not detected. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Vegetables, FY20202009–2024 | sample value. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Vegetables, FY20232009–2024 | sample value. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Vegetables, FY20232009–2024 | sample value. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Vegetables, FY20232009–2024 | not detected. | ||
6 findings · 2 studies | ||||
| Butternut squash, as soldHoulihan et al. 2019 | Vegetable2019 | sample value. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Mixtures, FY20222009–2024 | sample value. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Vegetables, FY20202009–2024 | sample value. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Vegetables, FY20232009–2024 | sample value. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Vegetables, FY20232009–2024 | sample value. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Vegetables, FY20232009–2024 | not detected. | ||
7 findings · 3 studies | ||||
| Butternut squash, as soldWHO GEMS/Food | EURO2017 | median. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldHoulihan et al. 2019 | Vegetable2019 | not detected. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Mixtures, FY20222009–2024 | sample value. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Vegetables, FY20202009–2024 | not detected. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Vegetables, FY20232009–2024 | sample value. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Vegetables, FY20232009–2024 | sample value. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Vegetables, FY20232009–2024 | not detected. | ||
4 findings · 2 studies | ||||
| Butternut squash, as soldHoulihan et al. 2019 | Vegetable2019 | not detected. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Mixtures, FY20222009–2024 | not detected. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Vegetables, FY20232009–2024 | not detected. | ||
| Butternut squash, as soldU.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | Vegetables, FY20232009–2024 | not detected. | ||
Shared dataset methods and interpretation
Source summaries retain their original statistic, material, basis and censoring. Each source drawer identifies methods and overlapping samples. No matched reference or pooled distribution is inferred.
HMI butternut squash Pb reference · Butternut squash, as sold
Reference and scope
HMI butternut squash Pb reference · Butternut squash, as sold. Butternut squash, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 1.3 | 1.3–1.4 (bounded) | 2–2.5 (bounded) |
| Alternative weighting | 1.3 | 1.3–1.7 (bounded) | 2–2.5 (bounded) |
9 reference units; 3 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| WHO GEMS/Food | 5 | 33% |
| Houlihan et al. 2019 | 1 | 33% |
| U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | 3 | 33% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for butternut squash, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
3 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:butternut-squash-b11b9049b1c4:f05594f9ed0f
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI butternut squash Cd reference · Butternut squash, as sold
Reference and scope
HMI butternut squash Cd reference · Butternut squash, as sold. Butternut squash, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | 1 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| Alternative weighting | 1 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
5 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Houlihan et al. 2019 | 1 | 50% |
| U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | 4 | 50% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for butternut squash, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:butternut-squash-829332cc4f6a:344413330a96
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI butternut squash tAs reference · Butternut squash, as sold
Reference and scope
HMI butternut squash tAs reference · Butternut squash, as sold. Butternut squash, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤2.2 | ≤2.2 | 0.9–10 (bounded) |
| Alternative weighting | ≤2.2 | ≤3.4 | 0.95–10 (bounded) |
5 reference units; 3 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| WHO GEMS/Food | 1 | 33% |
| Houlihan et al. 2019 | 1 | 33% |
| U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2024 | 3 | 33% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for butternut squash, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
3 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:butternut-squash-94014e7758cf:3232d61e9943
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
HMI butternut squash tHg reference · Butternut squash, as sold
Reference and scope
HMI butternut squash tHg reference · Butternut squash, as sold. Butternut squash, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.
| Reference (µg/kg) | Q1 | Median | Q3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary HMI reference | ≤0.139 | ≤0.139 | ≤0.139 |
| Alternative weighting | ≤0.139 | ≤0.139 | ≤0.139 |
1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.
| Contributing family | Reference units | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Houlihan et al. 2019 | 1 | 100% |
Methods
HMI pools subgroup medians for butternut squash, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.
Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.
Limitations
Houlihan et al. 2019 is the only compatible sampling family for butternut squash, as sold on this basis in the completed butternut squash ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.
Admitted source families
Reference version and interpretation
Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.
hmi-pooled-reference-v2:butternut-squash-2731c79fd5ce:e76bcbe418bc
The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.
The source reports only a percentile, range or maximum for these samples, with no mean or median to place against the reference. Spread figures that do have a mean or median are shown on that row instead.
The result is below a reporting limit, and the range from zero to that limit crosses more than one band.
The HMI reference for this form has fewer than four units or no measurable spread, below the display minimum.
No findings match these filters. Change the selection or reset to show all source findings.
How metals reach butternut squash
No study in the library compared butternut squash from contaminated and ordinary settings, so the routes by which metals reach it are not measured here.
Which forms and regions measured lower
The HMI reference for lead in butternut squash, as sold pools 9 subgroup units from 3 sampling families, with a median of between 1.3 and 1.4 µg/kg and a middle half spanning 1.3 (lower quartile) and between 2 and 2.5 µg/kg (upper quartile).1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2What’s in My Baby’s Food? A National Investigation Finds 95 Percent of Baby Foods Tested Contain Toxic Chemicals That Lower Babies’ IQ, Including Arsenic and LeadHealthy Babies Bright FuturesRead source →3Analytical Results for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Food Intended for Babies and Young Children - TEP (FY2009-FY2024)FDA analytical results tableRead source → For cadmium in butternut squash, as sold, the reference median was 1.2 µg/kg, with a middle half from 1 to 1.2 µg/kg across 5 units.2What’s in My Baby’s Food? A National Investigation Finds 95 Percent of Baby Foods Tested Contain Toxic Chemicals That Lower Babies’ IQ, Including Arsenic and LeadHealthy Babies Bright FuturesRead source →3Analytical Results for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Food Intended for Babies and Young Children - TEP (FY2009-FY2024)FDA analytical results tableRead source → For total arsenic in butternut squash, as sold, the reference median was below 2.2 µg/kg, with a middle half from below 2.2 to between 0.9 and 10 µg/kg across 5 units.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2What’s in My Baby’s Food? A National Investigation Finds 95 Percent of Baby Foods Tested Contain Toxic Chemicals That Lower Babies’ IQ, Including Arsenic and LeadHealthy Babies Bright FuturesRead source →3Analytical Results for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Food Intended for Babies and Young Children - TEP (FY2009-FY2024)FDA analytical results tableRead source →
Processing, cooking and preparation
No processing study for metals in this food is in the library yet.
Mitigation for butternut squash
Lot testing against the applicable limit is the check that can be verified.
No measured way to lower metals in this food is in the library yet.
Trade-offs and limits of controls
Metals do not move together, so a lot that passes a lead limit says little about cadmium, arsenic or nickel unless those are tested as well.
Testing butternut squash for metals
Results depend on the method and its reporting limit. Reporting limits for lead ranged from 2 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food) to 15 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source → Reporting limits for total arsenic ranged from 2.2 µg/kg (Houlihan et al. 2019) to 10 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2What’s in My Baby’s Food? A National Investigation Finds 95 Percent of Baby Foods Tested Contain Toxic Chemicals That Lower Babies’ IQ, Including Arsenic and LeadHealthy Babies Bright FuturesRead source →
A useful lot result names the form, the basis and a quantification limit well below the limit that applies.
Buying and verifying butternut squash
No maximum level for metals in butternut squash was verified from primary text for this page; buyers should confirm the limit that applies in the destination market.
Exposure from butternut squash
No source in the library converted butternut squash concentrations into a verified estimate of intake for a defined population. Concentrations describe the food, not individual risk.
Evidence review and remaining gaps
Every source record that names butternut squash was decided on its content: 3 occurrence extracted, 3 records in all. The occurrence table renders every extracted result; held values remain visible with their reason.
References identify the sources used in these answers. The Sources index preserves additional discovery links; inclusion there does not mean a source has been reviewed for this assessment. Corrections, completed searches, new direct evidence and changes in requirements should reopen the relevant answer.
Butternut squash FAQs
What heavy metals are found in butternut squash?
The library reports lead, cadmium, total arsenic and total mercury in butternut squash, most often lead, cadmium and total arsenic.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →2What’s in My Baby’s Food? A National Investigation Finds 95 Percent of Baby Foods Tested Contain Toxic Chemicals That Lower Babies’ IQ, Including Arsenic and LeadHealthy Babies Bright FuturesRead source →3Analytical Results for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Food Intended for Babies and Young Children - TEP (FY2009-FY2024)FDA analytical results tableRead source → WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in butternut squash, as sold from 15 results in 1 reporting region, with a subgroup median of 2.2 µg/kg.1GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →
References
Works cited on this page, in citation-number order. See Sources for this page’s source inventory. Each title links to a source record with bibliographic details, reported findings, and document provenance.
- GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsDataset
- What’s in My Baby’s Food? A National Investigation Finds 95 Percent of Baby Foods Tested Contain Toxic Chemicals That Lower Babies’ IQ, Including Arsenic and LeadNGO
- Analytical Results for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Food Intended for Babies and Young Children - TEP (FY2009-FY2024)Dataset
Sources
Browse Butternut squash Sources for sources cited on this page and additional discovery candidates. The searchable index distinguishes verified citation use from discovery relationships whose relevance has not been established.
Update history
22 October 2026: Rebuilt from every butternut squash record in the library: 3 occurrence sources, references by form and basis, same-study contrasts.