Heavy metals in Fruit Purees

Quick read

Fruit Purees in the HMI library has 175 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, antimony, uranium, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V, Se, Ag, Ba, Be, Mo, REE_sum, Sr and Tl from 5 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Henríquez-Hernández LA, Acosta-Dacal AC, Boada LD, Zumbado M, Serra-Majem L, Luzardo OP · 2023Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish MarketNutrients 15(14):3251Read source →}^{4European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →}^{5UK Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment · 2013Statement on the potential risks from aluminium in the infant dietCommittee on Toxicity (COT), Statement 2013/01, June 2013Read source →}

Metals measured:
Lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, total mercury and nickel and others, in 175 results from 5 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Henríquez-Hernández LA, Acosta-Dacal AC, Boada LD, Zumbado M, Serra-Majem L, Luzardo OP · 2023Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish MarketNutrients 15(14):3251Read source →}^{4European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →}
Main drivers:
Form, basis and where the fruit Purees was sampled; reporting limits decide how many results are non-detects.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Henríquez-Hernández LA, Acosta-Dacal AC, Boada LD, Zumbado M, Serra-Majem L, Luzardo OP · 2023Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish MarketNutrients 15(14):3251Read source →}^{4European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →}
Practical framing:
Ask for lot results with a quantification limit well below the limit that applies in the destination market.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Henríquez-Hernández LA, Acosta-Dacal AC, Boada LD, Zumbado M, Serra-Majem L, Luzardo OP · 2023Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish MarketNutrients 15(14):3251Read source →}^{4European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →}

Fruit Purees overview

Fruit Purees in the HMI library has 175 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, antimony, uranium, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V, Se, Ag, Ba, Be, Mo, REE_sum, Sr and Tl from 5 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Henríquez-Hernández LA, Acosta-Dacal AC, Boada LD, Zumbado M, Serra-Majem L, Luzardo OP · 2023Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish MarketNutrients 15(14):3251Read source →}^{4European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →}^{5UK Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment · 2013Statement on the potential risks from aluminium in the infant dietCommittee on Toxicity (COT), Statement 2013/01, June 2013Read source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in fruit Purees, as sold from 1,202 results in 3 reporting regions, with subgroup medians below 31.3 µg/kg, mostly non-detects.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} In the US Total Diet Study, fruit Purees, as sold had a median lead result below 4 µg/kg across 1 composite from 2020.^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023 reported lead at 4.4 µg/kg (median), cadmium at 0.5 µg/kg (median) and total arsenic at 5.7 µg/kg (median) in fruit Purees, as sold from name-brand products.^{3Henríquez-Hernández LA, Acosta-Dacal AC, Boada LD, Zumbado M, Serra-Majem L, Luzardo OP · 2023Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish MarketNutrients 15(14):3251Read source →} European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2014 reported inorganic arsenic at 10.2 µg/kg (mean) in fruit Purees, as sold from European dietary-survey occurrence data.^{4European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →}

For a buyer the practical points are the form bought, the basis a result is reported on, where the fruit Purees came from and the laboratory’s reporting limit. Testing finds contamination but does not remove it.

What counts as fruit Purees

This page covers fruit Purees, as sold (175 results).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Henríquez-Hernández LA, Acosta-Dacal AC, Boada LD, Zumbado M, Serra-Majem L, Luzardo OP · 2023Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish MarketNutrients 15(14):3251Read source →}^{4European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →}^{5UK Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment · 2013Statement on the potential risks from aluminium in the infant dietCommittee on Toxicity (COT), Statement 2013/01, June 2013Read source →}

Results stay on the basis each source reports: as sold or fresh weight, dry weight, or unstated. Dry-weight, as-sold and unstated results are never pooled, and no moisture conversion is applied.

Heavy metal contamination profile of fruit Purees

The table holds every extracted fruit Purees result: one row for each statistic a source reports for a form, group and metal, 175 rows in all, grouped by metal and form; percentiles, ranges and maxima for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Henríquez-Hernández LA, Acosta-Dacal AC, Boada LD, Zumbado M, Serra-Majem L, Luzardo OP · 2023Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish MarketNutrients 15(14):3251Read source →}^{4European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →}^{5UK Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment · 2013Statement on the potential risks from aluminium in the infant dietCommittee on Toxicity (COT), Statement 2013/01, June 2013Read source →} Monitoring medians are HMI calculations from individual submissions; non-detects remain intervals between zero and the reporting limit and are never read as zero.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

35 rows can be rated against an HMI reference for the same form and basis, 0 rows have a direct same-study comparison, and the rest stay unrated with the reason recorded.

Comparison methods and scope

Each row is one statistic a source reports for one form of fruit purees, group and metal; percentiles, ranges and maxima reported for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row. Different forms and preparation states are kept apart, and dry-weight results never share a reference with as-sold or fresh-weight results. Ratings place a result against an HMI reference built from monitoring results and ordinary-setting medians for the same form and basis. Same-study contrasts compare a contaminated or treated site with its control, targeted with random sampling, a prepared form with the unprocessed one, or one group of a study with the median of its other groups. Held rows failed a check against their own source and are shown but not compared.

About this table

Food formCollection scopeFindingComparisonEvidence

Fruit Purees findings from monitoring programmes, total diet studies and every extracted field, market and contaminated-site study, in µg/kg with each source’s form, basis, statistic and censoring retained.
Food form	Collection scope	Finding (µg/kg)

26 findings · 3 studies
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2006–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2017	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2017	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2017	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2012–2015	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2000–2005	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2003–2005	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2016	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	7 collection regions2017–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

23 findings · 3 studies
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2006–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2006	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2013–2017	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2003–2017	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2017	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	7 collection regions2017–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

19 findings · 3 studies
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2013–2015	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2007–2015	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	7 collection regions2017–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

3 findings · 2 studies
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2013–2014	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldEuropean Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2014	European dietary-survey occurrence data2003–2013Basis not stated	mean.
Fruit Purees, as soldEuropean Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2014	European dietary-survey occurrence data2003–2013Basis not stated	mean.

20 findings · 3 studies
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2006–2016	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2009–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2010–2017	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	7 collection regions2017–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

17 findings · 2 studies
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	7 collection regions2017–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

19 findings · 2 studies
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	7 collection regions2017–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

3 findings · 2 studies
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldUK Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment 2013	UK retail 2004-2005 (FSA 2006 survey)2004–2005	mean.

2 findings · 1 study
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

17 findings · 2 studies
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	5 collection regions2018–2019	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	6 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldFDA Total Diet Study	7 collection regions2017–2020	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

2 findings · 1 study
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

2 findings · 1 study
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

2 findings · 1 study
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

2 findings · 1 study
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

2 findings · 1 study
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

2 findings · 1 study
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

2 findings · 1 study
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

2 findings · 1 study
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

2 findings · 1 study
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

2 findings · 1 study
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

2 findings · 1 study
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

2 findings · 1 study
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

2 findings · 1 study
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	name-brand productsCollection date unreported	median.
Fruit Purees, as soldHenríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	store-brand (private label) productsCollection date unreported	median.

Shared dataset methods and interpretation

Source summaries retain their original statistic, material, basis and censoring. Each source drawer identifies methods and overlapping samples. No matched reference or pooled distribution is inferred.

HMI fruit purees Pb reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees Pb reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤4	≤4.4	4.5–7 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	≤4	≤4.4	4.4–7 (bounded)

160 reference units; 3 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	55	33%
FDA Total Diet Study	103	33%
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	33%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

3 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-1d0349249e87:5dd88e4b37c6

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees Cd reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees Cd reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤0.5	0.5–1 (bounded)	0.5–2.32 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	≤0.5	0.5–1 (bounded)	1.5–2.7 (bounded)

144 reference units; 3 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	39	33%
FDA Total Diet Study	103	33%
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	33%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

3 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-edcb7777407c:5cb162f56d7f

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees tAs reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees tAs reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤3	2.13–5.5 (bounded)	5.5–5.7 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	≤4.4	4.5–5.5 (bounded)	5.5–5.7 (bounded)

115 reference units; 3 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	10	33%
FDA Total Diet Study	103	33%
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	33%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

3 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-cec22a189cdf:48c67450ddd1

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees iAs reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees iAs reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤0.02	≤0.02	≤0.02
Alternative weighting	≤0.02	≤0.02	≤0.02

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for fruit purees, as sold on this basis in the completed fruit purees ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-9d32ea488473:f4c37b608ee1

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees tHg reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees tHg reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤1	≤3.31	12.1
Alternative weighting	≤1	≤2	12.1

121 reference units; 3 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	16	33%
FDA Total Diet Study	103	33%
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	33%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

3 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-bfa370bab235:2fe3d6d6f0b0

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees Ni reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees Ni reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	51.9	72	84.9
Alternative weighting	51.9	84.9	110

105 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	103	50%
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-4ddca49dbc16:723c346fe58c

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees Cr reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees Cr reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤40.8	31.6–50 (bounded)	51.4
Alternative weighting	≤40.8	31.6–50 (bounded)	51.4

107 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	103	50%
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	4	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-cb6bc82a9b55:4cd85d6a1080

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees Al reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees Al reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	2120	3160	4200
Alternative weighting	2120	3160	4200

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023 is the only compatible sampling family for fruit purees, as sold on this basis in the completed fruit purees ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-379ae78b157c:a0534559ef93

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees Sb reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees Sb reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	0.7	0.75	0.8
Alternative weighting	0.7	0.75	0.8

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023 is the only compatible sampling family for fruit purees, as sold on this basis in the completed fruit purees ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-e8f23880dec3:535e56b4709c

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees U reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees U reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤0.4	0.2–0.7 (bounded)	0.4–1 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	≤0.4	0.2–0.7 (bounded)	0.4–1 (bounded)

105 reference units; 2 sampling families. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	103	50%
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	50%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

2 sampling families with different designs; none is a probability sample of world supply. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-6280e7c4fe72:6e1282ec7ed9

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees Cu reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees Cu reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	1130	1210	1300
Alternative weighting	1130	1210	1300

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023 is the only compatible sampling family for fruit purees, as sold on this basis in the completed fruit purees ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-b33f8cb2f62d:775e2e873a6a

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees Fe reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees Fe reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	2790	3190	3590
Alternative weighting	2790	3190	3590

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023 is the only compatible sampling family for fruit purees, as sold on this basis in the completed fruit purees ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-be88efc4d57e:d1438d7105e4

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees Mn reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees Mn reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	1410	1560	1720
Alternative weighting	1410	1560	1720

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023 is the only compatible sampling family for fruit purees, as sold on this basis in the completed fruit purees ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-81f30bbd06c4:347010f2a9d4

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees Zn reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees Zn reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	1230	1530	1830
Alternative weighting	1230	1530	1830

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023 is the only compatible sampling family for fruit purees, as sold on this basis in the completed fruit purees ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-a7ca269b6ab2:b76a897c78b1

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees V reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees V reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	3.3	3.55	3.8
Alternative weighting	3.3	3.55	3.8

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023 is the only compatible sampling family for fruit purees, as sold on this basis in the completed fruit purees ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-f8da70b581b9:e526e8786c12

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees Se reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees Se reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	17.4	20.2	23
Alternative weighting	17.4	20.2	23

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023 is the only compatible sampling family for fruit purees, as sold on this basis in the completed fruit purees ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-bcdd2bf81c5d:930c994225c7

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees Ag reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees Ag reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	1.9	2.25	2.6
Alternative weighting	1.9	2.25	2.6

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023 is the only compatible sampling family for fruit purees, as sold on this basis in the completed fruit purees ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-3de4abcdb897:71b08ec93bad

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees Ba reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees Ba reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	297	360	422
Alternative weighting	297	360	422

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023 is the only compatible sampling family for fruit purees, as sold on this basis in the completed fruit purees ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-1b47ae01ca29:3f9d8000aed8

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees Mo reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees Mo reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	44.2	59.1	74.1
Alternative weighting	44.2	59.1	74.1

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023 is the only compatible sampling family for fruit purees, as sold on this basis in the completed fruit purees ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-cf425e06dd0d:e7baa55b3f9b

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees REE_sum reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees REE_sum reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	5.9	6.6	7.3
Alternative weighting	5.9	6.6	7.3

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023 is the only compatible sampling family for fruit purees, as sold on this basis in the completed fruit purees ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-0b5559ebe2e7:f7f7dc878223

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees Sr reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees Sr reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	1210	1320	1430
Alternative weighting	1210	1320	1430

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023 is the only compatible sampling family for fruit purees, as sold on this basis in the completed fruit purees ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-b3d05a3d3a74:7ff33f892174

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fruit purees Tl reference · Fruit Purees, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fruit purees Tl reference · Fruit Purees, as sold. Fruit Purees, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	3.6	4.75	5.9
Alternative weighting	3.6	4.75	5.9

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fruit purees, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023 is the only compatible sampling family for fruit purees, as sold on this basis in the completed fruit purees ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

Henríquez-Hernández et al. 2023

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fruit-purees-108a3fd1dc0a:9d4bbee5ebba

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

How metals reach fruit Purees

No study in the library compared fruit Purees from contaminated and ordinary settings, so the routes by which metals reach it are not measured here.

Which forms and regions measured lower

The HMI reference for lead in fruit Purees, as sold pools 160 subgroup units from 3 sampling families, with a median of below 4.4 µg/kg and a middle half spanning below 4 (lower quartile) and between 4.5 and 7 µg/kg (upper quartile).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Henríquez-Hernández LA, Acosta-Dacal AC, Boada LD, Zumbado M, Serra-Majem L, Luzardo OP · 2023Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish MarketNutrients 15(14):3251Read source →} For cadmium in fruit Purees, as sold, the reference median was between 0.5 and 1 µg/kg, with a middle half from below 0.5 to between 0.5 and 2.32 µg/kg across 144 units.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Henríquez-Hernández LA, Acosta-Dacal AC, Boada LD, Zumbado M, Serra-Majem L, Luzardo OP · 2023Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish MarketNutrients 15(14):3251Read source →} For total arsenic in fruit Purees, as sold, the reference median was between 2.13 and 5.5 µg/kg, with a middle half from below 3 to between 5.5 and 5.7 µg/kg across 115 units.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Henríquez-Hernández LA, Acosta-Dacal AC, Boada LD, Zumbado M, Serra-Majem L, Luzardo OP · 2023Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish MarketNutrients 15(14):3251Read source →}

Processing, cooking and preparation

No processing study for metals in this food is in the library yet.

Mitigation for fruit Purees

Lot testing against the applicable limit is the check that can be verified.

No measured way to lower metals in this food is in the library yet.

Trade-offs and limits of controls

Metals do not move together, so a lot that passes a lead limit says little about cadmium, arsenic or nickel unless those are tested as well.

Testing fruit Purees for metals

Results depend on the method and its reporting limit. Reporting limits for lead ranged from 2 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food) to 200 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} Reporting limits for cadmium ranged from 0.6 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food) to 65.7 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} Reporting limits for total arsenic ranged from 3 µg/kg (FDA Total Diet Study) to 50 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}

A useful lot result names the form, the basis and a quantification limit well below the limit that applies.

Buying and verifying fruit Purees

No maximum level for metals in fruit Purees was verified from primary text for this page; buyers should confirm the limit that applies in the destination market.

Exposure from fruit Purees

No source in the library converted fruit Purees concentrations into a verified estimate of intake for a defined population. Concentrations describe the food, not individual risk.

Evidence review and remaining gaps

Every source record that names fruit Purees was decided on its content: 5 occurrence extracted, 5 records in all. The occurrence table renders every extracted result; held values remain visible with their reason.

References identify the sources used in these answers. The Sources index preserves additional discovery links; inclusion there does not mean a source has been reviewed for this assessment. Corrections, completed searches, new direct evidence and changes in requirements should reopen the relevant answer.

Fruit Purees FAQs

What heavy metals are found in fruit Purees?

The library reports lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, total mercury, nickel, chromium, aluminium, antimony, uranium, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V, Se, Ag, Ba, Be, Mo, REE_sum, Sr and Tl in fruit Purees, most often lead, cadmium and total arsenic.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Henríquez-Hernández LA, Acosta-Dacal AC, Boada LD, Zumbado M, Serra-Majem L, Luzardo OP · 2023Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish MarketNutrients 15(14):3251Read source →}^{4European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in fruit Purees, as sold from 1,202 results in 3 reporting regions, with subgroup medians below 31.3 µg/kg, mostly non-detects.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

How much of the arsenic in fruit Purees is inorganic?

Inorganic arsenic, the more toxic form, was measured in 3 results from 2 sources, far fewer than total arsenic.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{4European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →} European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2014 reported inorganic arsenic at 10.2 µg/kg (mean) in fruit Purees, as sold from European dietary-survey occurrence data.^{4European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · 2014Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597Read source →}

References

Works cited on this page, in citation-number order. See Sources for this page’s source inventory. Each title links to a source record with bibliographic details, reported findings, and document provenance.

GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsWorld Health Organization · GEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme · 2026 · extranet.who.intDataset
FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsU.S. Food and Drug Administration · FDA Total Diet Study · 2022 · www.fda.govDataset
Concentration of Essential, Toxic, and Rare Earth Elements in Ready-to-Eat Baby Purees from the Spanish MarketHenríquez-Hernández LA, Acosta-Dacal AC, Boada LD, Zumbado M, Serra-Majem L, and Luzardo OP · Nutrients 15(14):3251 · 2023 · doi.org/10.3390/nu15143251Peer-reviewed
Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European populationEuropean Food Safety Authority (EFSA) · EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597 · 2014 · doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3597Government
Statement on the potential risks from aluminium in the infant dietUK Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment · Committee on Toxicity (COT), Statement 2013/01, June 2013 · 2013 · cot.food.gov.ukGovernment

Sources

Browse Fruit Purees Sources for sources cited on this page and additional discovery candidates. The searchable index distinguishes verified citation use from discovery relationships whose relevance has not been established.

Update history

22 October 2026: Rebuilt from every fruit purees record in the library: 5 occurrence sources, references by form and basis, same-study contrasts.

Referenced by

Graph View

1

2

Food and Drug Administration

3

4

European Food Safety Authority

5

Heavy metals in Fruit Purees

Fruit Purees overview

What counts as fruit Purees

Heavy metal contamination profile of fruit Purees

How metals reach fruit Purees

Which forms and regions measured lower

Processing, cooking and preparation

Mitigation for fruit Purees

Trade-offs and limits of controls

Testing fruit Purees for metals

Buying and verifying fruit Purees

Exposure from fruit Purees

Evidence review and remaining gaps

Fruit Purees FAQs

References

Sources

Update history

Related ingredients

Referenced by

Graph View